EP2409017A1 - Circuit arrangement for starting an internal combustion engine and method for a starter control system - Google Patents

Circuit arrangement for starting an internal combustion engine and method for a starter control system

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Publication number
EP2409017A1
EP2409017A1 EP10705888A EP10705888A EP2409017A1 EP 2409017 A1 EP2409017 A1 EP 2409017A1 EP 10705888 A EP10705888 A EP 10705888A EP 10705888 A EP10705888 A EP 10705888A EP 2409017 A1 EP2409017 A1 EP 2409017A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
starter
relay
switching
einspurrelais
control
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10705888A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2409017B1 (en
Inventor
Hartmut Wanner
Uwe Daurer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2409017A1 publication Critical patent/EP2409017A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2409017B1 publication Critical patent/EP2409017B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/006—Starting of engines by means of electric motors using a plurality of electric motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
    • F02N15/06—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
    • F02N15/06—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement
    • F02N15/067—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement the starter comprising an electro-magnetically actuated lever
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/10—Safety devices not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0851—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for controlling the engagement or disengagement between engine and starter, e.g. meshing of pinion and engine gear

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for starting a
  • Internal combustion engine with at least one starter comprising a starter motor, a Einspurrelais, a switching relay and a control relay, wherein the control relay is controlled by an ignition switch and a current path from the starter motor by means of the switching relay is switchable.
  • the invention further relates to a method of a starter control, in particular a circuit arrangement of a starter, preferably of parallel switchable starters, for starting an internal combustion engine, wherein the starter with a starter motor, a control relay, a Einspurrelais and a
  • An internal combustion engine of this type is very generously dimensioned and has, for example, a displacement of several 10 or 100 liters.
  • the Einspurvor Vietnamese may have different Einspurtician, since a tooth-on-tooth position of a starter pinion in the sprocket requires a longer Einspurvorgang than a tooth-gap position.
  • the main current for the at least two starter motors is released at the same time, only when all closing operations have been carried out.
  • the following relays are switched in series or closed: A firing current path in one
  • Controlled control relay which releases a Einspurrelais. If all single-track relays are energized, at least one switching relay is switched through, which releases the main current for each starter motor. The starter is switched off in the same sequence. The energization of the control relay, then the single-track relay and, last but not least, the switching relay are interrupted so that the associated current paths are opened.
  • It is an object of the invention is a circuit arrangement of the aforementioned
  • the switching relay is controllable at least in the switch-off depending on the occurrence of a defined event. This has the advantage that the switching relay can interrupt a current path of the starter motor, in particular a main current path earlier in time, so that a backward current is avoided.
  • the switching relay can release the current path of the starter motor so defined that significantly reduced in the shutdown when licking a starter pinion sprocket, or even prevented.
  • An idea on which the invention is based is therefore to turn off the starter motor earlier in time than in the above-described prior art when switching off the at least one starter, in order to avoid pinion prellers.
  • Pinion prellers occur when the starter pinion moves again in the direction of the sprocket of the internal combustion engine and thus causes wear on the sprocket and / or the starter pinion.
  • the defined event is defined by the fact that the circuit arrangement is formed electromechanically.
  • the occurrence of the defined event at the shutdown is stable and safe switching realized and also constructed as simple and inexpensive.
  • the switching relay is arranged in the switchable from the control relay current path of the Einspurrelais. Thus, the switching relay is switched off simultaneously with the Einspurrelais.
  • Switching relay is not, as in the above-described prior art, switched off by the Einspurrelais.
  • the time for switching off the current path for the starter motor in contrast to the prior art, moved much further forward, so that pinion spellers are avoided or significantly reduced in intensity.
  • Abrasive behavior is reduced, thereby increasing the life of a starter.
  • the switching relay has two control switches.
  • the first control switch is the single-track relay in the meshing process, which simultaneously closes a switch by reaching the maximum meshing depth when meshing in, by means of which the switching relay can be energized.
  • a second control switch is provided in order to control the switching relay in a specific relationship in the Ausspurvorgang or shutdown of Einspurrelais.
  • the second control switch is the control relay. The control relay is actuated both in the single-track and in the Ausspurvorgang as a second control switch actually before the first control switch.
  • Switching relays and control relays as well as single track relays are thus linked together as electromechanical switches.
  • the control relay switches both one
  • the single-track relay switches a current path from the switching relay.
  • the circuit arrangement is designed as electronic control with electronic circuit breakers. This has the advantage that the switching times, in particular of the switching relay can be adjusted even more individual, so that the intensity of sprocket bouncers can be better suppressed.
  • the starters are for Switching of the main current for the respective starter motor in the starter serially coupled so that they are turned on only when all Einspurrelais have closed a switch on Einspurrelais.
  • the switching relays can each be switched off individually by the control relay in the respective starter.
  • the object is also achieved by a method in that the switching relay is switched off depending on a defined event.
  • the defined event is previously specified by the manufacturer and the operating company and can either be realized electromechanically or electronically, for example by detecting a specific sensor value by means of a sensor.
  • a computer program product can be provided which is loaded with program instructions into a program memory of a controller and carries out the method described here when the program is stored in the program
  • a computer program product has the advantage that it can be implemented as a module in already existing controllers and that it can easily be adapted to individual and application-specific specifications, whereby a correction to empirically determined values is very easily possible.
  • the switching relay is switched off simultaneously with the Einspurrelais of the control relay.
  • An e- lektromechanical control has the advantage that a long life with a high reliability is feasible.
  • the switching relay is timed adjustable and / or fixed before the Einspurrelais off.
  • an electronic or electromechanical, adjustable time delay element can be provided in order to predefine a defined time difference between the switching off of the switching relay and the latching relay in the switch-off process, in order to avoid so-called pinion bouncing, ie a recommencing movement after the starter pinion has been lost.
  • the switching relay is only switched on when the control relay and the Einspurrelais are closed.
  • the control relay and the Einspurrelais are closed.
  • the respective switching relays for the respective starter motor are only turned on when all Einspurrelais and in particular all control relays have closed switch. This ensures that each individual starter is not overloaded and all starters start with a high level of safety with a small tolerance range at the same time the internal combustion engine.
  • Single-stage single-track relays are used for small internal combustion engines. A required rotational movement of the starter pinion takes place for example via a coarse thread in the starter.
  • the Einspurrelais is formed in two stages in a starter arrangement with multiple starters, with a pull-in winding and a holding winding.
  • the pull-in winding is connected in the current path of the switch motor, so that the starter motor is slightly turned when meshing to avoid a tooth-on-tooth position as possible, so that a tooth-gap position is generated with a high level of safety between sprocket and starter pinion ,
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a circuit arrangement according to the invention of a starter
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic flow diagram according to a method according to the invention
  • Fig. 4 is a time-distance-voltage diagram of two parallel starters
  • Fig. 5 is a time-distance-voltage diagram of two parallel starters with pronounced sprocket bouncers.
  • the starter 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a circuit arrangement for starting an internal combustion engine by means of a starter 1, which, as shown in FIG. 2, can be connected and arranged in parallel to a second one.
  • the starter 1 comprises a starter motor 2 and a control relay 3, which in one
  • Ignition 38 is arranged with a mechanically or electronically controlled ignition switch 8.
  • a Einspurrelais 4 is provided to Conspuren an unillustrated starter pinion in the ring gear of an internal combustion engine, not shown.
  • the Einspurrelais 4 has a Einspurwicklung 5 and a holding winding 6.
  • the Einspurwicklung 5 is high impedance, so that the starter motor 2 undergoes a small cranking to avoid a tooth-on-tooth position of starter pinion and ring gear when meshing. If the Einspurrelais 4 Cushionspurt, the Einspurwicklung 5 is turned off by a mechanically coupled switch 53 and the Einspurrelais 4 is held with a small current in the engaged state.
  • the Einspurrelais 4 closes upon reaching the maximum Einspurianae a switch 54, so that a switching relay 7 is energized and the internal combustion engine with a maximum current can start the engine.
  • the battery positive pole is designated as terminal 30 and the ground as terminal 31. Between the battery positive pole terminal 30 and a starter drive terminal 50, the ignition switch 8 is arranged.
  • the switching relay 7 is coupled to a second control switch to avoid in the Ausspurvorgang the starter pinion whose potential movement back towards the ring gear. This second control switch is preferably activated as a function of the occurrence of a specific, defined event.
  • the defined event can be selected "freely.”
  • the event can be perceived by means of a detector or else by means of a switch
  • the switching relay 7 is preferably in a current path which can be switched by the control relay 3 50.5 from the input relay 4.
  • the switching relay 7 which turns on the main current for the starter motor 2 at a terminal 45, temporally much earlier than in a known from the prior art circuit arrangement or starter control, be turned off, so that pinion bumpers are avoided and thus wear on Sprocket or on the tooth flanks of the starter pinion or on one of the two gears, significantly reduced and / or prevented.
  • the switching off of the switching relay 7 is exactly defined by an event dependent. The Einspurre- lais 4 is thus switched off simultaneously with the switching relay 7 from the control relay 3.
  • thermal switch 9 is connected in series with the control relay 3 in the starter 1.
  • the thermal switch 9 generates the same turn-off behavior as opening the ignition switch 8.
  • each starter 1, 1 ' has a separate control relay 3, 3', which is controlled by the ignition switch 8. The forwarding of the
  • Control signals from the ignition switch 8 are provided by an internal wiring.
  • the control relay 3, 3 'then switches in each case a Einspurrelais 4, 4'.
  • the Einspurrelais 4, 4 ' may each have different Einspur profession, since for example in a starter 1, the tooth-on-tooth position is present and the starter pinion means of the starter motor 2 is easily energized by a high-impedance Einspurwicklung 4.
  • Starter V may have a tooth-gap position between starter pinion and ring gear available, so that here the Einspurvorgang takes place much faster.
  • the starters 1, 1' are connected in series, so that the switching relays 7, T for switching a main current or main current paths 30.2, 30.2 'at terminals 45, 45' from the starter motors
  • a branch of a current path 50.7, 50.7 ' is formed in the current path 50.5 from the tracking relay 4, which is switched by the control relay 3, 3', which is applied to the switch 54, 54 '.
  • the switching relays 7, T are energized only when both switches 54, 54 'and the switch from the control relay 3, 3' are closed. It is thus achieved a new function in the shutdown.
  • each starter 1, 1 'in the row to the control relay 3, 3' in each case comprises a thermal switch 9, 9 'as overload protection.
  • the ignition switch 8 is first closed, so that the control relay 3 and then the Einspurrelais 4 closes, which operates the switch 54, so that the switching relay 7 releases the main current for the starter motor 2.
  • the individual relays are actuated in the same sequence as when switching on.
  • step S2 the electromechanical switch in the control relay 3 is opened as a result, so that the current path 50.5 is no longer directly applied to the battery positive pole, the terminal 30.
  • step S3 If the current path 50.7, in which the switching relay 7, 7 'is connected, no longer energized, the starter motor 2 is turned off in step S3.
  • a load terminal 5Oi is a switchable by the control relay 3 current path 50.4 from the tracking relay 4, through which in particular the holding winding 6 is energized.
  • step S4 the Einspurrelais 4 spits.
  • FIG. 4 shows in a time-distance-voltage diagram the time profile of a switch-off process, as has been described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the characteristic K3 as a voltage V-time characteristic shows the control signal to the control relay 3, 3 ', the voltage characteristic K7, K7' the switching signal from the switching relay 7, T in the current path 50.7 and the voltage characteristics K45, K45 'turn the delayed characteristics of the current paths 30.2, 30.2 'at the terminals 45, 45'.
  • the switching relay 3 is switched off by the ignition switch 8. Due to the delayed switching time of the control relay 3, the current path 50.7, 50.7 'according to the characteristic curve K7, K7' de-energized or experiences as shown in FIG. 4, a negative voltage at time t 2 . Likewise delayed in time at the time t 3 , the starter pinions corresponding to the curves K4 and K4 'are spouted out over the path S. In a very short time interval at time t 4 , the current paths 30.2, 30.2 'are corresponding to the
  • Fig. 5 shows the case when, for example, by an electronic control or as in a circuit arrangement according to the above-described prior art, the switching relay 7, T is turned off later in time than in Fig. 4.
  • the control relay 3 is turned off in accordance with the characteristic K3. Due to the electromechanical operation of the control relay 3 and the Einspurrelais 4 is at a time t 3 «the current path 50.7, 50.7 'simultaneously switched to the Ausspurvorgang the starter pinion on the Einspurrelais 4, 4' de-energized.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Control Of Direct Current Motors (AREA)
  • Motor And Converter Starters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a circuit arrangement for starting an internal combustion engine with at least one starter (1), said arrangement comprising a starter motor (2), a meshing relay (4), a switching relay (7) and a control relay (3), the control relay (3) being controlled by an ignition switch (8), the meshing relay (4) being controlled by the control relay (3), and a current path (50.5) of the starter motor (2) being opened by the switching relay (7). The aim of the invention is to increase the operating precision of the starter (1) for starting the internal combustion engine and to thereby increase the service life. To this end, the switching relay (7) can be controlled, at least during the switch-off process, according to the occurrence of a defined event. This is advantageous in that the switching relay can interrupt earlier a current path from the starter motor, especially a main current path, such that the current cannot be conducted in reverse. In this way, the switching relay can release the current path of the starter motor in a defined manner such that pinion bounces are significantly reduced, or even suppressed, in the switch-off process during the demeshing of a starter pinion. During the switch-off process of the starter, a backwards movement of the starter pinion towards the gear rim is avoided after the demeshing.

Description

- IL ¬ - IL ¬
Beschreibungdescription
Titeltitle
Schaltunqsanordnunq zum Starten einer Brennkraftmaschine und Verfahren einer StartersteuerunqSchaltunqsanordnunq for starting an internal combustion engine and method of a Startersteuerunq
I OI O
Stand der TechnikState of the art
15 Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Starten einerThe invention relates to a circuit arrangement for starting a
Brennkraftmaschine mit zumindest einem Starter, der einen Startermotor, ein Einspurrelais, ein Schaltrelais und ein Steuerrelais umfasst, wobei das Steuerrelais von einem Zündschalter ansteuerbar ist und ein Strompfad vom Startermotor mittels des Schaltrelais schaltbar ist.Internal combustion engine with at least one starter, comprising a starter motor, a Einspurrelais, a switching relay and a control relay, wherein the control relay is controlled by an ignition switch and a current path from the starter motor by means of the switching relay is switchable.
2020
Die Erfindung bezieht sich ferner auf ein Verfahren einer Startersteuerung, insbesondere einer Schaltungsanordnung von einem Starter, bevorzugt von parallel schaltbaren Startern, zum Starten einer Brennkraftmaschine, wobei der Starter mit einem Startermotor, einem Steuerrelais, einem Einspurrelais und einemThe invention further relates to a method of a starter control, in particular a circuit arrangement of a starter, preferably of parallel switchable starters, for starting an internal combustion engine, wherein the starter with a starter motor, a control relay, a Einspurrelais and a
25 Schaltrelais ausgebildet ist, das Einspurrelais vom Steuerrelais angesteuert wird und das Schaltrelais vom Einspurrelais angesteuert wird.25 switching relay is formed, the Einspurrelais is controlled by the control relay and the switching relay is driven by Einspurrelais.
Es sind Startvorrichtungen, die parallel angeordnet und geschaltet sind, bekannt, um eine Brennkraftmaschine zu starten. Eine solche Brennkraftmaschine ist ge- 30 wohnlich sehr groß dimensioniert und weist beispielsweise einen Hubraum von mehreren 10 beziehungsweise 100 Litern auf.There are starting devices, which are arranged in parallel and connected, known to start an internal combustion engine. An internal combustion engine of this type is very generously dimensioned and has, for example, a displacement of several 10 or 100 liters.
Bei der Verwendung von parallelen Startvorrichtungen an einer Brennkraftmaschine ist ein gleichzeitiges Schalten des Hauptstroms der beteiligten Startermo- 35 toren wichtig, da das gleichzeitige Schalten die einzelnen Startermotoren vor Ü- berlastung schützt. Um dieses die Überlastung schützende Verhalten zu erzielen, ist es bekannt, dass die Funktionen des Einspurens und des Schaltens von jeweils einem einzelnen Relais umgesetzt werden. Die herkömmlicherweise vereinten zwei Funktionen, die von einem Einspurrelais ausgeführt werden, wie das Einspuren eines Starterritzels und das Zuschalten des Stroms für den Startermo- tor, sind somit aufgeteilt. Durch die Trennung der beiden Funktionen ist es möglich, eine elektrische Schaltungsanordnung so vorzusehen, dass die Startvorrichtung erst dann den Hauptstrom für den Startermotor zuschaltet, wenn alle Einspurvorgänge in allen Startvorrichtungen ausgeführt sind. Dabei können die Einspurvorgänge unterschiedliche Einspurzeiten aufweisen, da eine Zahn-auf-Zahn- Stellung von einem Starterritzel in den Zahnkranz einen längeren Einspurvorgang benötigt, als eine Zahn-Lücken-Stellung. Um die Zeitdifferenz von mindestens zwei Schließvorgängen auszugleichen, wird der Hauptstrom für die mindestens zwei Startermotoren gleichzeitig freigegeben, erst wenn alle Schließvorgänge ausgeführt worden sind. Zum Einspuren werden also folgende Relais der Rei- he nach geschaltet, bzw. geschlossen: Es wird ein Zündstrompfad in einemWhen using parallel starting devices on an internal combustion engine, simultaneous switching of the main current of the participating starter motors is important since the simultaneous switching protects the individual starter motors from overloading. To achieve this overload-protective behavior, It is known that the functions of Einspurens and switching are implemented by a single relay. The conventionally combined two functions, which are performed by a Einspurrelais, such as the meshing of a starter pinion and the connection of the current for the starter motor, are thus divided. By separating the two functions, it is possible to provide an electrical circuit arrangement such that the starting device does not switch on the main current for the starter motor until all the meshing operations have been carried out in all starting devices. The Einspurvorgänge may have different Einspurzeiten, since a tooth-on-tooth position of a starter pinion in the sprocket requires a longer Einspurvorgang than a tooth-gap position. To compensate for the time difference of at least two closing operations, the main current for the at least two starter motors is released at the same time, only when all closing operations have been carried out. To track in, the following relays are switched in series or closed: A firing current path in one
Steuerrelais angesteuert, das ein Einspurrelais freigibt. Sind alle Einspurrelais bestromt, wird mindestens ein Schaltrelais durchgeschaltet, das den Hauptstrom für jeden Startermotor freigibt. Das Abschalten des Starters erfolgt in der gleichen Reihenfolge. Die Bestromung von Steuerrelais, dann Einspurrelais und zu- letzt Schaltrelais wird unterbrochen, so dass die zugehörigen Strompfade geöffnet werden.Controlled control relay, which releases a Einspurrelais. If all single-track relays are energized, at least one switching relay is switched through, which releases the main current for each starter motor. The starter is switched off in the same sequence. The energization of the control relay, then the single-track relay and, last but not least, the switching relay are interrupted so that the associated current paths are opened.
Die DE 10 2005 006 248 A1 beschreibt eine Starteranordnung zum Starten von einem Verbrennungsmotor mit mehreren parallel geschalteten Startern. Um die Schaltsicherheit mit einem möglichst geringen Verdrahtungsaufwand zu verbessern, ist die Verkettung der Funktion „Einrücken" und „Hauptstrom schalten", die durch ein Relais realisiert wird, auf zwei Relais mit jeweils einer getrennten Funktion in jedem einzelnen Starter aufgeteilt.DE 10 2005 006 248 A1 describes a starter arrangement for starting an internal combustion engine with a plurality of starters connected in parallel. In order to improve the switching reliability with the least possible wiring effort, the chaining of the function "engagement" and "main power switch", which is realized by a relay, divided into two relays, each with a separate function in each starter.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung eine Schaltungsanordnung der eingangs genanntenIt is an object of the invention is a circuit arrangement of the aforementioned
Art derart weiterzubilden, dass zumindest ein Starter zum Starten einer Brennkraftmaschine exakter arbeitet und somit eine höhere Lebensdauer erzielt. Offenbarung der ErfindungSuch a way that at least a starter for starting an internal combustion engine works more accurately and thus achieves a longer life. Disclosure of the invention
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch den Gegenstand der Patentansprüche 1 und 7 gelöst. Die abhängigen Ansprüche definieren bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.According to the invention the object is achieved by the subject matter of claims 1 and 7. The dependent claims define preferred embodiments of the invention.
Es ist herausgefunden worden, dass im Abschaltvorgang des Starters eine Bewegung des Starterritzels zurück in Richtung Zahnkranz nach dem Ausspuren erfolgt, da durch einen noch geschlossenen Hauptkontakt vom Schaltrelais das Einspurrelais rückwärts bestromt wird.It has been found that in the shutdown of the starter, a movement of the starter pinion back in the direction of sprocket after the Ausspuren, as is fed by a still closed main contact from the switching relay, the Einspurrelais backward.
Es ist ein Gedanke der Erfindung, dass das Schaltrelais zumindest im Abschaltvorgang abhängig vom Eintritt eines definierten Ereignisses ansteuerbar ist. Dies hat den Vor- teil, dass das Schaltrelais zeitlich früher einen Strompfad vom Startermotor, insbesondere einen Hauptstrompfad, unterbrechen kann, so dass ein Bestromen in Rückwärtsrichtung vermieden wird.It is an idea of the invention that the switching relay is controllable at least in the switch-off depending on the occurrence of a defined event. This has the advantage that the switching relay can interrupt a current path of the starter motor, in particular a main current path earlier in time, so that a backward current is avoided.
Somit kann das Schaltrelais den Strompfad des Startermotors so definiert freigeben, dass im Abschaltvorgang beim Ausspuren eines Starterritzels Ritzelpreller deutlich reduziert, beziehungsweise sogar unterbunden werden.Thus, the switching relay can release the current path of the starter motor so defined that significantly reduced in the shutdown when licking a starter pinion sprocket, or even prevented.
Ein der Erfindung zugrunde liegender Gedanke ist also, beim Abschalten des mindestens einen Starters den Startermotor zeitlich früher als im oben beschriebenen Stand der Technik auszuschalten, um Ritzelpreller zu vermeiden. Ritzelpreller treten auf, wenn das Starterritzel nach dem Ausspuren wieder sich in Richtung Zahnkranz der Brennkraftmaschine bewegt und dadurch ein Verschleiß am Zahnkranz und/oder dem Starterritzel entsteht. Außerdem kann es zu einer Funkenbildung kommen, die möglichst vermieden werden muss, um einen größeren Schaden am Starter beziehungs- weise der Brennkraftmaschine zu verhindern.An idea on which the invention is based is therefore to turn off the starter motor earlier in time than in the above-described prior art when switching off the at least one starter, in order to avoid pinion prellers. Pinion prellers occur when the starter pinion moves again in the direction of the sprocket of the internal combustion engine and thus causes wear on the sprocket and / or the starter pinion. In addition, there may be a sparking, which must be avoided if possible in order to prevent greater damage to the starter or the internal combustion engine.
Gemäß einer weiter bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das definierte Ereignis dadurch festgelegt, dass die Schaltungsanordnung elektromechanisch ausgebildet ist. Somit ist der Eintritt des definierten Ereignisses beim Abschaltvorgang stabil und schaltsicher realisiert und zudem möglichst einfach und preiswert aufgebaut. Vorteilhafterweise, gemäß einer besonderen Ausführungsform, ist das Schaltrelais im vom Steuerrelais schaltbaren Strompfad des Einspurrelais angeordnet ist. Somit wird das Schaltrelais gleichzeitig mit dem Einspurrelais ausgeschaltet. DasAccording to a further preferred embodiment, the defined event is defined by the fact that the circuit arrangement is formed electromechanically. Thus, the occurrence of the defined event at the shutdown is stable and safe switching realized and also constructed as simple and inexpensive. Advantageously, according to a particular embodiment, the switching relay is arranged in the switchable from the control relay current path of the Einspurrelais. Thus, the switching relay is switched off simultaneously with the Einspurrelais. The
Schaltrelais wird nicht, wie im oben beschriebenen Stand der Technik, vom Einspurrelais ausgeschaltet. Somit ist der Zeitpunkt zum Ausschalten des Strompfads für den Startermotor im Gegensatz zum Stand der Technik deutlich weiter nach vorne verlegt, so dass Ritzelpreller vermieden oder in der Intensität deutlich reduziert werden. Ein abrasives Verhalten wird reduziert, und damit die Lebensdauer eines Starters erhöht.Switching relay is not, as in the above-described prior art, switched off by the Einspurrelais. Thus, the time for switching off the current path for the starter motor, in contrast to the prior art, moved much further forward, so that pinion spellers are avoided or significantly reduced in intensity. Abrasive behavior is reduced, thereby increasing the life of a starter.
Gemäß einer weiter bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist das Schaltrelais zwei Steuerschalter auf. Der erste Steuerschalter ist im Einspurvorgang das Einspur- relais, das gleichzeitig durch Erreichen der maximalen Einspurtiefe beim Einspuren einen Schalter schließt, durch den das Schaltrelais bestrombar wird. Ein zweiter Steuerschalter ist vorgesehen, um das Schaltrelais in einer bestimmten Beziehung im Ausspurvorgang beziehungsweise Abschaltvorgang vom Einspurrelais anzusteuern. Gemäß einer einfachen Schaltung ist der zweite Steuerschal- ter das Steuerrelais. Das Steuerrelais wird sowohl im Einspur- als auch im Ausspurvorgang als zweiter Steuerschalter tatsächlich vor dem ersten Steuerschalter betätigt.According to a further preferred embodiment, the switching relay has two control switches. The first control switch is the single-track relay in the meshing process, which simultaneously closes a switch by reaching the maximum meshing depth when meshing in, by means of which the switching relay can be energized. A second control switch is provided in order to control the switching relay in a specific relationship in the Ausspurvorgang or shutdown of Einspurrelais. According to a simple circuit, the second control switch is the control relay. The control relay is actuated both in the single-track and in the Ausspurvorgang as a second control switch actually before the first control switch.
Schaltrelais und Steuerrelais sowie Einspurrelais sind somit als elektromechani- sehe Schalter miteinander verknüpft. Das Steuerrelais schaltet sowohl einenSwitching relays and control relays as well as single track relays are thus linked together as electromechanical switches. The control relay switches both one
Strompfad vom Einspurrelais, als auch einen Strompfad vom Schaltrelais. Zusätzlich schaltet das Einspurrelais einen Strompfad vom Schaltrelais.Current path from the single-track relay, as well as a current path from the switching relay. In addition, the single-track relay switches a current path from the switching relay.
Gemäß einer alternativen Ausführungsform ist die Schaltungsanordnung als elektronische Steuerung mit elektronischen Leistungsschaltern ausgebildet. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Schaltzeiten, insbesondere vom Schaltrelais noch individueller angepasst werden können, so dass die Intensität von Ritzelprellern besser unterdrückt werden kann.According to an alternative embodiment, the circuit arrangement is designed as electronic control with electronic circuit breakers. This has the advantage that the switching times, in particular of the switching relay can be adjusted even more individual, so that the intensity of sprocket bouncers can be better suppressed.
Um Brennkraftmaschinen mit größeren Hubräumen zu starten, sind mehrereTo start internal combustion engines with larger displacements, are several
Starter parallel geschaltet und angeordnet. Vorzugsweise sind die Starter zum Schalten des Hauptstroms für den jeweiligen Startermotor im Starter seriell miteinander gekoppelt, so dass diese erst eingeschaltet werden, wenn alle Einspurrelais einen Schalter am Einspurrelais geschlossen haben. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die Schaltrelais jeweils vom Steuerrelais im jeweili- gen Starter einzeln ausschaltbar.Starter connected in parallel and arranged. Preferably, the starters are for Switching of the main current for the respective starter motor in the starter serially coupled so that they are turned on only when all Einspurrelais have closed a switch on Einspurrelais. According to a preferred embodiment, the switching relays can each be switched off individually by the control relay in the respective starter.
Die Aufgabe wird auch durch ein Verfahren dadurch gelöst, dass das Schaltrelais abhängig von einem definierten Ereignis ausgeschaltet wird. Das definierte Ereignis ist vorher hersteller- und betriebsseitig festgelegt und kann entweder elekt- romechanisch oder elektronisch, beispielsweise durch Erfassen eines bestimmten Sensorwerts mittels eines Sensors, realisiert sein.The object is also achieved by a method in that the switching relay is switched off depending on a defined event. The defined event is previously specified by the manufacturer and the operating company and can either be realized electromechanically or electronically, for example by detecting a specific sensor value by means of a sensor.
Hierfür kann beispielsweise ein Computerprogrammprodukt vorgesehen sein, das mit Programmbefehlen in einen Programmspeicher einer Steuerung geladen ist und das hierin beschriebene Verfahren durchführt, wenn das Programm in derFor this purpose, for example, a computer program product can be provided which is loaded with program instructions into a program memory of a controller and carries out the method described here when the program is stored in the program
Steuerung ausgeführt wird. Ein Computerprogrammprodukt hat den Vorteil, dass es sich in bereits vorhandene Steuerungen als Modul implementieren lässt und dass es leicht an individuelle und anwendungsspezifische Vorgaben anpassbar ist, wobei eine Korrektur an empirisch ermittelte Werte sehr leicht möglich ist.Control is executed. A computer program product has the advantage that it can be implemented as a module in already existing controllers and that it can easily be adapted to individual and application-specific specifications, whereby a correction to empirically determined values is very easily possible.
Gemäß einem besonders einfachen und stabilen Verfahren, wird das Schaltrelais gleichzeitig mit dem Einspurrelais von dem Steuerrelais ausgeschaltet. Eine e- lektromechanische Steuerung hat den Vorteil, dass eine hohe Lebensdauer mit einer hohen Ausfallsicherheit realisierbar ist.According to a particularly simple and stable method, the switching relay is switched off simultaneously with the Einspurrelais of the control relay. An e- lektromechanical control has the advantage that a long life with a high reliability is feasible.
Gemäß einer alternativen Ausführungsform, die entweder elektronisch oder e- lektromechanisch ausgebildet sein kann, wird das Schaltrelais zeitlich einstellbar und/oder festgesetzt vor dem Einspurrelais ausgeschaltet. Es kann beispielsweise ein elektronisches oder elektromechanisches, einstellbares Zeitverzögerungs- glied vorgesehen sein, um eine definierte Zeitdifferenz zwischen dem Ausschalten des Schaltrelais und dem Einspurrelais im Abschaltvorgang vorzugeben, um sogenannte Ritzelpreller, das heißt eine Wiedereinspurbewegung nach dem Ausspuren eines Starterritzels, zu vermeiden.According to an alternative embodiment, which may be formed either electronically or e-lektromechanisch, the switching relay is timed adjustable and / or fixed before the Einspurrelais off. For example, an electronic or electromechanical, adjustable time delay element can be provided in order to predefine a defined time difference between the switching off of the switching relay and the latching relay in the switch-off process, in order to avoid so-called pinion bouncing, ie a recommencing movement after the starter pinion has been lost.
Gemäß einem bevorzugten Verfahren wird das Schaltrelais nur eingeschaltet, wenn das Steuerrelais und das Einspurrelais geschlossen sind. Somit wird ver- mieden, dass der Startermotor frühzeitig bestromt wird. Ferner ist es somit erfindungsgemäß möglich, den Strom für den Startermotor allein durch das Steuerrelais zu unterbrechen.According to a preferred method, the switching relay is only switched on when the control relay and the Einspurrelais are closed. Thus, avoided that the starter motor is energized early. Furthermore, it is thus possible according to the invention to interrupt the current for the starter motor solely by the control relay.
Um eine Brennkraftmaschine in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform mit parallel angeordneten Startern zu starten, werden bei mehreren Startern die jeweiligen Schaltrelais für den jeweiligen Startermotor nur dann eingeschaltet, wenn alle Einspurrelais und insbesondere alle Steuerrelais geschlossene Schalter aufweisen. Somit wird sichergestellt, dass jeder einzelne Starter nicht überlastet wird und alle Starter mit einer hohen Sicherheit mit einem kleinen Toleranzbereich gleichzeitig die Brennkraftmaschine starten.In order to start an internal combustion engine in a preferred embodiment with starters arranged in parallel, with several starters, the respective switching relays for the respective starter motor are only turned on when all Einspurrelais and in particular all control relays have closed switch. This ensures that each individual starter is not overloaded and all starters start with a high level of safety with a small tolerance range at the same time the internal combustion engine.
Gemäß einer die Erfindung weiter bildenden Ausführungsform sind die Starter in einer Starteranordnung mit einer oben beschriebenen Schaltungsanordnung, die oben beschriebenes Verfahren ausführt, derart ausgebildet, dass das Einspurrelais als einstufiges Relais ausgebildet ist, das heißt, es weist lediglich eine Wicklung auf. Einstufige Einspurrelais werden für kleine Brennkraftmaschinen eingesetzt. Eine erforderliche Verdrehbewegung des Starterritzels erfolgt beispielsweise über ein Steilgewinde im Starter.According to an embodiment further forming the invention, the starters in a starter arrangement with a circuit arrangement described above, which carries out the method described above, designed such that the Einspurrelais is designed as a single-stage relay, that is, it has only one winding. Single-stage single-track relays are used for small internal combustion engines. A required rotational movement of the starter pinion takes place for example via a coarse thread in the starter.
Bevorzugt ist das Einspurrelais in einer Starteranordnung mit mehreren Startern zweistufig ausgebildet, mit einer Einzugswicklung und einer Haltewicklung. Die Einzugswicklung ist im Strompfad des Schaltermotors geschaltet, so dass der Startermotor beim Einspuren leicht angedreht wird, um eine Zahn-auf-Zahn- Stellung möglichst zu vermeiden, damit also eine Zahn-Lücken-Stellung mit einer hohen Sicherheit zwischen Zahnkranz und Starterritzel erzeugt wird.Preferably, the Einspurrelais is formed in two stages in a starter arrangement with multiple starters, with a pull-in winding and a holding winding. The pull-in winding is connected in the current path of the switch motor, so that the starter motor is slightly turned when meshing to avoid a tooth-on-tooth position as possible, so that a tooth-gap position is generated with a high level of safety between sprocket and starter pinion ,
Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehend genannten und nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen verwendbar sind.It goes without saying that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the respectively specified combination but also in other combinations.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden unter Bezugnahme auf Zeichnungen näher er- läutert. Es zeigen: Fig. 1 einen schematischen Schaltplan einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung von einem Starter,The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. Show it: 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a circuit arrangement according to the invention of a starter,
Fig. 2 eine schematische Schaltungsanordnung mit zwei Startern,2 shows a schematic circuit arrangement with two starters,
Fig. 3 ein schematisches Ablaufdiagramm gemäß einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren,3 shows a schematic flow diagram according to a method according to the invention,
Fig. 4 ein Zeit-Weg-Spannungs-Diagramm von zwei parallel angeordneten Startern undFig. 4 is a time-distance-voltage diagram of two parallel starters and
Fig. 5 ein Zeit-Weg-Spannungs-Diagramm von zwei parallel angeordneten Startern mit ausgeprägten Ritzelprellern.Fig. 5 is a time-distance-voltage diagram of two parallel starters with pronounced sprocket bouncers.
Ausführungsformen der ErfindungEmbodiments of the invention
Die Fig. 1 zeigt einen schematischen Schaltplan einer Schaltungsanordnung zum Starten einer Brennkraftmaschine mittels eines Starters 1 , der, wie in der Fig. 2 gezeigt, parallel zu einem zweiten geschaltet und angeordnet sein kann. Der Starter 1 umfasst einen Startermotor 2 und ein Steuerrelais 3, das in einem1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a circuit arrangement for starting an internal combustion engine by means of a starter 1, which, as shown in FIG. 2, can be connected and arranged in parallel to a second one. The starter 1 comprises a starter motor 2 and a control relay 3, which in one
Zündpfad 38 mit einem mechanisch oder elektronisch angesteuerten Zündschalter 8 angeordnet ist. Um ein nichtdargestelltes Starterritzel in den Zahnkranz einer nicht dargestellten Brennkraftmaschine einzuspuren, ist ein Einspurrelais 4 vorgesehen. Das Einspurrelais 4 weist eine Einspurwicklung 5 und eine Halte- Wicklung 6 auf. Die Einspurwicklung 5 ist hochohmig, so dass der Startermotor 2 einen kleinen Andrehstrom erfährt, um eine Zahn-auf-Zahn-Stellung von Starterritzel und Zahnkranz beim Einspuren zu vermeiden. Ist das Einspurrelais 4 eingespurt, so wird die Einspurwicklung 5 durch einen mechanisch gekoppelten Schalter 53 ausgeschaltet und das Einspurrelais 4 wird mit einem kleinen Strom im eingespurten Zustand gehalten. Das Einspurrelais 4 schließt mit Erreichen der maximalen Einspurtiefe einen Schalter 54, so dass ein Schaltrelais 7 bestromt wird und die Brennkraftmaschine mit einem maximalen Strom die Brennkraftmaschine starten kann. Der Batterie-Pluspol ist als Klemme 30 bezeichnet und die Erdung als Klemme 31 . Zwischen der Batterie-Pluspol Klemme 30 und einer Starteransteuerklemme 50 ist der Zündschalter 8 angeordnet. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist im Gegensatz zum Stand der Technik das Schaltrelais 7 mit einem zweiten Steuerschalter gekoppelt, um im Ausspurvorgang des Starterritzels dessen potentielle Bewegung zurück in Richtung Zahnkranz zu vermeiden. Dieser zweite Steuerschalter wird vorzugsweise abhängig vom Eintritt eines bestimmten, definierten Ereignisses angesteuert.Ignition 38 is arranged with a mechanically or electronically controlled ignition switch 8. To einzuspuren an unillustrated starter pinion in the ring gear of an internal combustion engine, not shown, a Einspurrelais 4 is provided. The Einspurrelais 4 has a Einspurwicklung 5 and a holding winding 6. The Einspurwicklung 5 is high impedance, so that the starter motor 2 undergoes a small cranking to avoid a tooth-on-tooth position of starter pinion and ring gear when meshing. If the Einspurrelais 4 eingespurt, the Einspurwicklung 5 is turned off by a mechanically coupled switch 53 and the Einspurrelais 4 is held with a small current in the engaged state. The Einspurrelais 4 closes upon reaching the maximum Einspurtiefe a switch 54, so that a switching relay 7 is energized and the internal combustion engine with a maximum current can start the engine. The battery positive pole is designated as terminal 30 and the ground as terminal 31. Between the battery positive pole terminal 30 and a starter drive terminal 50, the ignition switch 8 is arranged. According to a preferred embodiment, in contrast to the prior art, the switching relay 7 is coupled to a second control switch to avoid in the Ausspurvorgang the starter pinion whose potential movement back towards the ring gear. This second control switch is preferably activated as a function of the occurrence of a specific, defined event.
Das definierte Ereignis ist „frei" wählbar. Das Ereignis kann mittels eines Detektors wahrgenommen werden, oder auch mittels eines Schalters. Für einen leichten elektromechanischen Aufbau ist, wie in der Fig. 1 gezeigt, bevorzugt das Schaltrelais 7 in einem vom Steuerrelais 3 schaltbaren Strompfad 50.5 vom Ein- spurrelais 4 angeordnet.The defined event can be selected "freely." The event can be perceived by means of a detector or else by means of a switch For a light electromechanical structure, as shown in FIG. 1, the switching relay 7 is preferably in a current path which can be switched by the control relay 3 50.5 from the input relay 4.
Somit kann das Schaltrelais 7, das an einer Klemme 45 den Hauptstrom für den Startermotor 2 durchschaltet, zeitlich deutlich früher als in einer aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Schaltungsanordnung beziehungsweise Startersteue- rung, ausgeschaltet werden, so dass Ritzelpreller vermieden werden und somit ein Verschleiß am Zahnkranz beziehungsweise an den Zahnflanken des Starterritzels oder an einem der beiden Zahnräder, deutlich reduziert und/oder verhindert werden. Durch diesen elektromechanischen Schaltplan ist das Ausschalten des Schaltrelais 7 genau definiert von einem Ereignis abhängig. Das Einspurre- lais 4 wird somit gleichzeitig mit dem Schaltrelais 7 vom Steuerrelais 3 ausgeschaltet.Thus, the switching relay 7, which turns on the main current for the starter motor 2 at a terminal 45, temporally much earlier than in a known from the prior art circuit arrangement or starter control, be turned off, so that pinion bumpers are avoided and thus wear on Sprocket or on the tooth flanks of the starter pinion or on one of the two gears, significantly reduced and / or prevented. Through this electromechanical circuit diagram, the switching off of the switching relay 7 is exactly defined by an event dependent. The Einspurre- lais 4 is thus switched off simultaneously with the switching relay 7 from the control relay 3.
Zum Schutz des Starters 1 vor thermischer Überlastung ist ein Thermoschalter 9 in Reihe zum Steuerrelais 3 in dem Starter 1 geschaltet. Somit erzeugt der Ther- moschalter 9 dasselbe Abschaltverhalten, wie ein Öffnen des Zündschalters 8.To protect the starter 1 from thermal overload, a thermal switch 9 is connected in series with the control relay 3 in the starter 1. Thus, the thermal switch 9 generates the same turn-off behavior as opening the ignition switch 8.
Die Fig. 2 zeigt zwei parallel angeordnete Starter 1 und 1 ' mit jeweils einem Startermotor 2, 2' zum Starten von Brennkraftmaschinen mit größerem Hubraum, wie Nutzfahrzeug- oder Schiffsmotoren. Jeder Starter 1 ,1 ' hat ein separates Steuer- relais 3, 3', das durch den Zündschalter 8 angesteuert wird. Die Weiterleitung der2 shows two parallel starters 1 and 1 ', each with a starter motor 2, 2' for starting internal combustion engines with larger displacement, such as commercial vehicle or marine engines. Each starter 1, 1 'has a separate control relay 3, 3', which is controlled by the ignition switch 8. The forwarding of the
Steuersignale vom Zündschalter 8 erfolgt durch eine interne Verkabelung. Das Steuerrelais 3, 3' schaltet dann jeweils ein Einspurrelais 4, 4'. Die Einspurrelais 4, 4' können jeweils unterschiedliche Einspurzeiten aufweisen, da beispielsweise bei einem Starter 1 die Zahn-auf-Zahn-Stellung vorliegt und das Starterritzel mit- tels des Startermotors 2 durch eine hochohmige Einspurwicklung 4 leicht bestromt wird. Am Starter V ist vielleicht gleich eine Zahn-Lücke-Stellung zwi- schen Starterritzel und Zahnkranz vorhanden, so dass hier der Einspurvorgang deutlich schneller erfolgt. Damit die Startermotoren 2, 2' beim Starten der Brennkraftmaschine gleichmäßig belastet werden, sind die Starter 1 ,1 ' seriell verschaltet, so dass die Schaltrelais 7, T zum Schalten eines Hauptstromes beziehungs- weise Hauptstrompfades 30.2, 30.2' an Klemmen 45, 45' von den StartermotorenControl signals from the ignition switch 8 are provided by an internal wiring. The control relay 3, 3 'then switches in each case a Einspurrelais 4, 4'. The Einspurrelais 4, 4 'may each have different Einspurzeiten, since for example in a starter 1, the tooth-on-tooth position is present and the starter pinion means of the starter motor 2 is easily energized by a high-impedance Einspurwicklung 4. Starter V may have a tooth-gap position between starter pinion and ring gear available, so that here the Einspurvorgang takes place much faster. So that the starter motors 2, 2 'are evenly loaded when starting the internal combustion engine, the starters 1, 1' are connected in series, so that the switching relays 7, T for switching a main current or main current paths 30.2, 30.2 'at terminals 45, 45' from the starter motors
2, 2' erst bestromt werden, wenn alle Einspurrelais 4, 4' vollständig eingespurt sind. Hierfür wird ein Schalter 54, 54' am Einspurrelais 4, 4' geschlossen.2, 2 'are energized only when all Einspurrelais 4, 4' are completely eingespurt. For this purpose, a switch 54, 54 'on Einspurrelais 4, 4' is closed.
Erfindungsgemäß ist im Strompfad 50.5 vom Einspurrelais 4, der vom Steuerre- lais 3, 3' geschalten wird, eine Abzweigung eines Strompfades 50.7, 50.7' ausgebildet, die am Schalter 54, 54' anliegt. Somit werden die Schaltrelais 7, T erst bestromt, wenn beide Schalter 54, 54' und der Schalter vom Steuerrelais 3, 3' geschlossen sind. Es wird somit eine neue Funktion im Abschaltvorgang erzielt. Wenn das Steuerrelais 3, 3' durch Nichtbestromung ausgeschaltet wird, so wird gleichzeitig - im Gegensatz zu oben beschriebenem Stand der Technik - dasAccording to the invention, a branch of a current path 50.7, 50.7 'is formed in the current path 50.5 from the tracking relay 4, which is switched by the control relay 3, 3', which is applied to the switch 54, 54 '. Thus, the switching relays 7, T are energized only when both switches 54, 54 'and the switch from the control relay 3, 3' are closed. It is thus achieved a new function in the shutdown. When the control relay 3, 3 'is turned off by Nichtbestromung, it is at the same time - in contrast to the above-described prior art - the
Schaltrelais 7, T mit dem Einspurrelais 4, 4' durch Nichtbestromung ausgeschaltet.Switching relay 7, T with the Einspurrelais 4, 4 'switched off by non-energization.
Wie zu Fig. 1 bereits beschrieben, umfasst jeder Starter 1 , 1 ' in der Reihe zum Steuerrelais 3, 3' jeweils einen Thermoschalter 9, 9' als Überlastschutz.As already described with reference to FIG. 1, each starter 1, 1 'in the row to the control relay 3, 3' in each case comprises a thermal switch 9, 9 'as overload protection.
Um die funktionelle Verknüpfung zwischen den drei Relais 3, 4 und 7 zu verdeutlichen, die auch durch eine elektronische Steuerung mittels eines Computerprogrammprodukts umsetzbar ist, ist abstrakt in der Fig. 3 ein schematisches Ab- laufdiagramm eines Ausspurvorgangs von Startern dargestellt.In order to clarify the functional connection between the three relays 3, 4 and 7, which can also be implemented by an electronic control by means of a computer program product, a schematic sequence diagram of a starter process of starters is shown in abstract form in FIG.
Zum Einspuren wird zuerst der Zündschalter 8 geschlossen, so dass das Steuerrelais 3 und danach das Einspurrelais 4 schließt, das den Schalter 54 betätigt, so dass das Schaltrelais 7 den Hauptstrom für den Startermotor 2 freigibt. Beim Ab- schalten der Starter 1 werden die einzelnen Relais in der gleichen Reihenfolge wie beim Einschalten betätigt.For meshing, the ignition switch 8 is first closed, so that the control relay 3 and then the Einspurrelais 4 closes, which operates the switch 54, so that the switching relay 7 releases the main current for the starter motor 2. When the starter 1 is switched off, the individual relays are actuated in the same sequence as when switching on.
Zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt, wenn die Brennkraftmaschine gestartet ist, wird im Schritt S1 ein Zündstrompfad 38 durch den Zündschalter 8 geöffnet. Im Schritt S2 wird in der Folge der elektromechanische Schalter im Steuerrelais 3 geöffnet, so dass der Strompfad 50.5 nicht mehr an dem Batterie-Pluspol, der Klemme 30, direkt anliegt.At a certain time, when the internal combustion engine is started, an ignition current path 38 is opened by the ignition switch 8 in step S1. In step S2, the electromechanical switch in the control relay 3 is opened as a result, so that the current path 50.5 is no longer directly applied to the battery positive pole, the terminal 30.
Wird der Strompfad 50.7, in dem das Schaltrelais 7, 7' geschaltet ist, nicht mehr bestromt, wird im Schritt S3 der Startermotor 2 ausgeschaltet. An einem Lastanschluß 5Oi befindet sich ein vom Steuerrelais 3 schaltbarer Strompfad 50.4 vom Einspurrelais 4, durch den insbesondere die Haltewicklung 6 bestromt wird.If the current path 50.7, in which the switching relay 7, 7 'is connected, no longer energized, the starter motor 2 is turned off in step S3. At a load terminal 5Oi is a switchable by the control relay 3 current path 50.4 from the tracking relay 4, through which in particular the holding winding 6 is energized.
Durch Öffnung des Steuerrelais 3 wird auch das Einspurrelais 4 nicht mehr bestromt, so dass im Schritt S4 das Einspurrelais 4 ausspurt.By opening the control relay 3 and the Einspurrelais 4 is no longer energized, so that in step S4 the Einspurrelais 4 spits.
Da ein Strompfad 30.2 an der Klemme 45 bereits vom Schaltrelais 7 unterbrochen ist, kann die Einspurwicklung 5 nicht mehr, insbesondere rückwärts, bestromt werden, so dass das nichtdargestellte Starterritzel nicht mehr so stark ausgeprägt wie im Starter gemäß dem Stand der Technik wieder gegen den Zahnkranz bewegt wird. Sogenannte Ritzelpreller werden deutlicher vermieden und der Abschaltvorgang kommt im Schritt S5 zu einem Ende.Since a current path 30.2 at the terminal 45 is already interrupted by the switching relay 7, the Einspurwicklung 5 no longer, especially backwards, are energized, so that the starter pinion not shown no longer as pronounced as in the starter according to the prior art again against the ring gear is moved. So-called pinion spellers are more clearly avoided and the shutdown comes to an end in step S5.
Die Fig. 4 zeigt in einem Zeit-Weg-Spannungs-Diagramm den zeitlichen Verlauf eines Abschaltvorgangs, wie er zu den Fig. 1 bis 3 beschrieben wurde. Mit den Kennlinien K4 und K4' ist der Ausspurweg S des Starterritzels vom Starter 1 beziehungsweise 1 ' dargestellt. Die Kennlinie K3 als Spannung V-Zeit-Kennlinie zeigt das Steuersignal an den Steuerrelais 3, 3', die Spannungs-Kennlinie K7, K7' das Schaltsignal vom Schaltrelais 7, T im Strompfad 50.7 und die Spannungs-Kennlinien K45, K45' wiederum die verzögerten Kennlinien der Strompfade 30.2, 30.2' an den Klemmen 45, 45'.FIG. 4 shows in a time-distance-voltage diagram the time profile of a switch-off process, as has been described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. With the curves K4 and K4 'the Ausspurweg S of the starter pinion from the starter 1 and 1' is shown. The characteristic K3 as a voltage V-time characteristic shows the control signal to the control relay 3, 3 ', the voltage characteristic K7, K7' the switching signal from the switching relay 7, T in the current path 50.7 and the voltage characteristics K45, K45 'turn the delayed characteristics of the current paths 30.2, 30.2 'at the terminals 45, 45'.
Zu einem Zeitpunkt t-i wird durch den Zündschalter 8 das Schaltrelais 3 ausge- schaltet. Aufgrund der verzögerten Schaltzeit des Steuerrelais 3 wird zum Zeitpunkt t2 der Strompfad 50.7, 50.7' gemäß der Kennlinie K7, K7' stromlos beziehungsweise erfährt wie in der Fig. 4 dargestellt, eine negative Spannung. Ebenso zeitlich verzögert zum Zeitpunkt t3 werden die Starterritzel entsprechend den Kennlinien K4 und K4' über den Weg S ausgespurt. In einem sehr kurzen Zeitab- stand zum Zeitpunkt t4 werden die Strompfade 30.2, 30.2' entsprechend derAt a time ti, the switching relay 3 is switched off by the ignition switch 8. Due to the delayed switching time of the control relay 3, the current path 50.7, 50.7 'according to the characteristic curve K7, K7' de-energized or experiences as shown in FIG. 4, a negative voltage at time t 2 . Likewise delayed in time at the time t 3 , the starter pinions corresponding to the curves K4 and K4 'are spouted out over the path S. In a very short time interval at time t 4 , the current paths 30.2, 30.2 'are corresponding to the
Kennlinie K45, K45' stromlos. Die Hauptstrompfade 30.2, 30.2' sind somit zeitlich deutlich vor einem Zeitpunkt t5 stromlos, bei dem die Starterritzel im ausgespürten Zustand sich befinden. Das zweite Starterritzel ist zeitlich zum Zeitpunkt t5- etwas verzögert ausgespurt. Zum Zeitpunkt t6, t6- führen die Starterritzel eine ganz minimale Rückwärtsbewegung aufgrund eines primär mechanisch erzeugten Im- pulses aus. Eine Rückwärtsbestromung der Einspurwicklung 5 vom EinspurrelaisCharacteristic K45, K45 'de-energized. The main current paths 30.2, 30.2 'are thus temporally clearly before a time t 5 de-energized, in which the starter pinions are in the sensed state. The second starter pinion is timed out at time t 5 - slightly delayed. At time t 6, t 6 - the starter pinions perform a very minimal backward movement due to a primarily mechanically generated pulse. A Rückwärtsbestromung the Einspurwicklung 5 from Einspurrelais
5 findet erfindungsgemäß nicht mehr statt.5 no longer takes place according to the invention.
In der Fig. 4 ist zu sehen, dass der Hauptstrom in den Strompfaden 30.2, 30.2' zu einem Zeitpunkt t5 bereits dann ausgeschaltet ist, bevor die Einspurritzel voll- ständig ausgespurt sind. Ritzelpreller werden somit sehr gut vermieden und einIn FIG. 4 it can be seen that the main current in the current paths 30.2, 30.2 'is already switched off at a time t 5 before the single-pinions are completely spoked out. Pinion prellers are thus very well avoided and a
Verschleiß ist deshalb deutlich reduziert, beziehungsweise vollständig ausgeschlossen. Eine Funkenbildung ist nicht möglich.Wear is therefore significantly reduced, or completely excluded. Sparking is not possible.
Die Fig. 5 zeigt im Unterschied dazu den Fall, wenn beispielsweise durch eine elektronische Steuerung oder wie bei einer Schaltungsanordnung gemäß dem oben beschriebenen Stand der Technik das Schaltrelais 7, T zeitlich später als in Fig. 4 ausgeschaltet wird. Wie in der Fig. 4 gezeigt ist, wird zu einem Zeitpunkt t-i im Zündstrompfad das Steuerrelais 3 gemäß der Kennlinie K3 ausgeschaltet. Aufgrund der elektromechanischen Wirkungsweise des Steuerrelais 3 und des Einspurrelais 4 wird zu einem Zeitpunkt t3« der Strompfad 50.7, 50.7' gleichzeitig zu dem Ausspurvorgang der Starterritzel an den Einspurrelais 4, 4' stromlos geschaltet. Aufgrund der wiederum zeitlich elektromechanischen Verzögerung sind die Starterritzel zu einem Zeitpunkt t5« ausgespurt, der zeitlich vor dem Zeitpunkt t4« liegt. Zum Zeitpunkt t4« ist der Strompfad 30.2 stromlos. Da dieser Zeitpunkt hinter dem Zeitpunkt gemäß der Fig. 4 liegt, wird die Einspurwicklung 5 kurzzeitig rückwärts bestromt, so dass wie im Diagramm durch die Weg-Kennlinien K4, K4' gezeigt eine deutliche Rückwärtsbewegung in Richtung Zahnkranz an den Starterritzeln erfolgt, was möglicherweise zu einem unerwünschten Verschleiß führt. Erfindungsgemäß ist deshalb vorgesehen, den Zeitpunkt t4« individuell einstellbar zeitlich nach vorne zu verschieben. Dadurch werden ausgeprägte Ritzelpreller, wie sie zum Zeitpunkt t6« beispielhaft auftreten können, vermieden. Alle Figuren zeigen lediglich schematische, nicht maßstabsgerechte Darstellungen. Im Übrigen wird insbesondere auf die zeichnerischen Darstellungen für die Erfindung als wesentlich verwiesen. In contrast, Fig. 5 shows the case when, for example, by an electronic control or as in a circuit arrangement according to the above-described prior art, the switching relay 7, T is turned off later in time than in Fig. 4. As shown in FIG. 4, at a time ti in the ignition current path, the control relay 3 is turned off in accordance with the characteristic K3. Due to the electromechanical operation of the control relay 3 and the Einspurrelais 4 is at a time t 3 «the current path 50.7, 50.7 'simultaneously switched to the Ausspurvorgang the starter pinion on the Einspurrelais 4, 4' de-energized. Due to the turn in time electromechanical delay the starter pinion at a time t 5 "out spurt, the t time before the date 4" is. At time t 4 ", the current path 30.2 is de-energized. Since this time is behind the time shown in FIG. 4, the Einspurwicklung 5 briefly energized backwards, so that as shown in the diagram by the path characteristics K4, K4 'shown a significant backward movement in the direction of sprocket on the starter pinions, which may be leads to undesirable wear. According to the invention, it is therefore provided to shift the time t 4 "individually adjustable in time forward. As a result, pronounced pinion spellers, as they can occur by way of example at time t 6 , are avoided. All figures show only schematic, not to scale representations. Incidentally, reference is made in particular to the drawings for the invention as essential.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1 . Schaltungsanordnung zum Starten einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Starter (1 ), der einen Startermotor (2), ein Einspurrelais (4), ein Schaltrelais (7) und ein Steuerrelais (3) umfasst, wobei das Steuerrelais (3) von einem1 . Circuit arrangement for starting an internal combustion engine with a starter (1) comprising a starter motor (2), a Einspurrelais (4), a switching relay (7) and a control relay (3), wherein the control relay (3) of a
Zündschalter (8) ansteuerbar ist, das Einspurrelais (4) vom Steuerrelais (3) ansteuerbar ist und ein Strompfad (50.5) vom Startermotor (2) mittels des Schaltrelais (7) schaltbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schaltrelais (7) zumindest im Abschaltvorgang abhängig vom Eintritt eines definier- ten Ereignisses ansteuerbar ist.Ignition switch (8) can be controlled, the Einspurrelais (4) from the control relay (3) is controlled and a current path (50.5) from the starter motor (2) by means of the switching relay (7) is switchable, characterized in that the switching relay (7) at least in Abschaltvorgang dependent on the occurrence of a defined event can be controlled.
2. Schaltungsanordnung, nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das definierte Ereignis durch eine elektromechanisch ausgebildete Schaltungsanordnung festgelegt ist.2. Circuit arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the defined event is defined by an electromechanically formed circuit arrangement.
3. Schaltungsanordnung nach Ansprüchen 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schaltrelais (7) im vom Steuerrelais (3) schaltbaren Strompfad (50.5) des Einspurrelais (4) angeordnet ist.3. Circuit arrangement according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the switching relay (7) in the control relay (3) switchable current path (50.5) of the Einspurrelais (4) is arranged.
4. Schaltungsanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schaltrelais (7) zwei Steuerschalter aufweist.4. Circuit arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the switching relay (7) has two control switches.
5. Schaltungsanordnung, nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schaltungsanordnung als elektronische Steuerung mit elektronischen Leistungsschaltern ausgebildet ist, durch die ein definiertes Ereignis zum Abschalten festlegbar ist.5. Circuit arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the circuit arrangement is designed as an electronic control with electronic circuit breakers by which a defined event for switching off can be determined.
6. Schaltungsanordnung, nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Starter (1 , 1 ') zum Starten der Brennkraftma- schine parallel geschaltet und angeordnet sind.6. Circuit arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a plurality of starters (1, 1 ') for starting the internal combustion engine are connected in parallel and arranged.
7. Verfahren einer Startersteuerung, insbesondere einer Schaltungsanordnung, besonders bevorzugt nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, von einem Starter (1 ), bevorzugt von parallel schaltbaren Starter (1 ), wobei der Starter (1 ) mit einem Startermotor (2), einem Steuerrelais (3), einem Einspurrelais (4) und einem Schaltrelais (7) ausgebildet ist, das Einspurrelais (4) vom Steuerrelais (3) angesteuert wird und das Schaltrelais (7) abhängig von einem definierten Ereignis vom Einspurrelais (4) angesteuert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schaltrelais (7) abhängig vom Eintritt eines definierten Ereignisses ansteuerbar ist.7. A method of a starter control, in particular a circuit arrangement, particularly preferably according to one of claims 1 to 6, of a starter (1), preferably of parallel switchable starter (1), wherein the starter (1) with a starter motor (2), a Control relay (3), a Einspurrelais (4) and a switching relay (7) is formed, the Einspurrelais (4) from the control relay (3) is driven and the switching relay (7) depending on a defined event by Einspurrelais (4) is driven, characterized in that the switching relay (7) is controlled depending on the occurrence of a defined event.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schaltrelais (7) gleichzeitig mit dem Einspurrelais (4) von dem Steuerrelais (3) ausgeschaltet wird.8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the switching relay (7) is switched off simultaneously with the Einspurrelais (4) of the control relay (3).
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schaltrelais (7) zeitlich einstellbar und/oder festgesetzt vor dem Einspurrelais (4) ausgeschaltet wird.9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the switching relay (7) temporally adjustable and / or fixed before the Einspurrelais (4) is turned off.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schaltrelais (7) nur eingeschaltet wird, wenn das Steuerrelais (3) und das Einspurrelais (4) geschlossen sind.10. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the switching relay (7) is only turned on when the control relay (3) and the Einspurrelais (4) are closed.
1 1 . Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei mehreren Startern (1 , 1 ') die jeweiligen Schaltrelais (7, T) nur ein- geschaltet werden, wenn alle Einspurrelais (4, 4'), insbesondere alle Steuerrelais (3, 3'), geschlossen sind. 1 1. Method according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that in the case of several starters (1, 1 '), the respective switching relays (7, T) are only switched on when all the tracking relays (4, 4'), in particular all the control relays ( 3, 3 '), are closed.
EP10705888.5A 2009-03-20 2010-03-02 Circuit arrangement for starting an internal combustion engine and method for a starter control system Active EP2409017B1 (en)

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DE102009001694A DE102009001694A1 (en) 2009-03-20 2009-03-20 Circuit arrangement for starting an internal combustion engine and method of a starter control
PCT/EP2010/052604 WO2010105901A1 (en) 2009-03-20 2010-03-02 Circuit arrangement for starting an internal combustion engine and method for a starter control system

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JP5393870B2 (en) 2014-01-22
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CN102356231A (en) 2012-02-15
JP2012520960A (en) 2012-09-10
DE102009001694A1 (en) 2010-09-23
HUE034967T2 (en) 2018-08-28
EP2409017B1 (en) 2017-08-23
KR20110139690A (en) 2011-12-29
US9869285B2 (en) 2018-01-16
US20120086219A1 (en) 2012-04-12

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