EP2407831A1 - Hairspring for oscillator balance of a clock piece and method for manufacturing same - Google Patents
Hairspring for oscillator balance of a clock piece and method for manufacturing same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2407831A1 EP2407831A1 EP11405279A EP11405279A EP2407831A1 EP 2407831 A1 EP2407831 A1 EP 2407831A1 EP 11405279 A EP11405279 A EP 11405279A EP 11405279 A EP11405279 A EP 11405279A EP 2407831 A1 EP2407831 A1 EP 2407831A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- blade
- openings
- thickness
- spiral
- bridges
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
- G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
- G04B17/066—Manufacture of the spiral spring
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49609—Spring making
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a spiral balance for a balance-sprung oscillator of a timepiece which can be produced, in particular, in a low-density material such as silicon, diamond or quartz, as well as a process for the manufacture of such a hairspring.
- the aforementioned low-density materials make it possible to give the hairspring a complex geometry by micro-fabrication techniques, for example by masking and etching a silicon wafer.
- the chronometric performance of the hairspring depends directly on its mass, because the mass of the hairspring contributes, during the expansion and the contraction of the latter, to the forces exerted on the pivots of the balance.
- EP 1 921 518 describes an assembly element that can equip a timepiece.
- This element comprises elastic rectilinear blades and openings (clearance lights) separated by bridges of material. It aims to improve the strength of its clamp against a tree.
- European patent application no. EP 2 233 989 filed before but published after the filing of the present application, relates to a spiral spring which may comprise on part of its last turn, openings formed by a first strand located on the normal curve of this turn and a second strand positioned substantially parallel, these strands being rigidly connected by bridges.
- This arrangement aims to bring the center of action of the spiral in correspondence with the center of the balance associated with the spiral, to correct the spiral of its non concentric development (cf paragraph [0014] and figures).
- the object of the present invention is to reduce the weight of a hairspring for a timepiece, while keeping a rigidity equivalent to that of a solid hairspring.
- the subject of the present invention is a spiral for a balance-balance oscillator comprising at least one blade whose cross section has a thickness and a height, this blade forming turns, at least one of which is provided with a plurality openings that extend in the direction of the height of the blade and alternate with bridges, the spiral is distinguished in that these openings are distributed at least over the entire length of the coil or openwork turns (s).
- the mass of the blade is reduced and it follows an improvement of the isochronism of the balance-balance control member.
- the openings are distributed over the entire length of the blade.
- the openings can be distributed regularly, either with a constant distance between bridges, or with an angular pitch between constant bridges, or irregularly, with an angular pitch or a distance between variable bridges, over the entire length of the or the turns or any the blade.
- the openings and the thickness of the blade are dimensioned so that the rigidity of the blade is the same as that of a reference blade of determined section and without openings, which is advantageous for the behavior of the spiral during shocks, given the decrease in its mass.
- the openings have an elongated shape and the blade has two equidistant portions integral with one of the other and separated by the openings.
- the openings are of circular or elliptical shape.
- the two equidistant portions each have a thickness less than half the thickness of the reference blade and are separated at the openings by a distance greater than half the thickness of the the reference blade without openings.
- the thicknesses of the two equidistant portions of the blade are each equal to one quarter of the thickness of the reference blade and the total thickness of the blade is equal to 1.05 times the thickness of the reference blade without in days.
- the bridges are regularly located along the blade with a constant angular spacing.
- the angular difference between the bridges alternating with the openings is chosen between 1 ° and 360 °.
- the angular difference between the bridges is 30 ° on the inner turns and 15 ° on the outer turns.
- the bridges are regularly located along the blade with a constant distance between bridges.
- the blade is made of silicon, diamond or quartz.
- the blade is made of a metal alloy, for example a Ni-based alloy.
- the blade has a constant thickness along the turns.
- the blade has a variable thickness along the turns.
- the blade comprises a core and a layer of outer material enveloping the core, configured such that the ratio between the dimensions of the core and the outer material layer remains constant along the blade.
- the core of the blade is silicon and the outer material layer is silicon dioxide SiO 2 .
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a spiral.
- the spiral blade is intended to be connected to a timepiece balance (not shown) and it elastically deforms concentrically during its contraction and expansion, consecutive oscillations spiral balance.
- a blade 1 or ribbon of a spiral of the state of the art has a cross section of rectangular shape, height h and thickness e, and has an inner end connected to a ferrule (not shown) for attachment to the shaft of a pendulum and an outer end connected to a fixed attachment point (not shown).
- the monobloc blade 1 is referred to as reference blade 1 without openings.
- the hairspring is made of a low-density material such as silicon, diamond or quartz by micro-fabrication techniques making it possible to produce complex blade geometries, for example by masking, etching and cutting a plate. of silicon.
- the directions respectively axial, radial and angular are used by convention to simplify the description and correspond substantially to the directions extending respectively along the height of the cross section, the thickness of the cross section and each turn of the blade.
- the spiral according to the invention shown in figures 2 and 11 comprises a blade 2 forming turns which have gaps 3 spaced regularly over all their lengths, in the thickness of the blade, so as to reduce the mass / stiffness ratio, and ultimately to reduce its mass.
- the openings 3 pass axially through the blade 2, in the direction of the height of its cross-section between two equidistant portions 4, which is better illustrated on FIG. figure 4 .
- the openings 3 preferably have an elongated shape. They are located each between equidistant portions 4 of the blade 2 alternating with bridges 5 joining the two equidistant portions 4.
- the bridges 5 are evenly distributed along the blade 2 at an angular distance ⁇ of 30 °, the arc length of the openings 3 increasing outwardly of the blade 2 at each turn of the spiral turn.
- the angular distance ⁇ between the bridges 5 can be chosen between 1 ° and 360 °.
- This angular difference ⁇ can be chosen different for the inner turns and for the outer turns, as illustrated in FIG. figure 10 where it is equal to 30 ° for the inner turns and 15 ° for the outer turns. It can also vary continuously, for example to maintain a distance between two bridges along turns substantially constant d.
- the arrangement of the bridges 5, the dimensioning of the openings 3 and the thickness of the portions 4 are configured so as to ensure that the blade 2 of the figure 2 the same rigidity as that of the reference blade 1 without openings.
- the blade 2 of the spiral according to the invention is comparable to a beam of height h 'and of total thickness e' formed of two equidistant and symmetrical portions 4, d ' thickness e "and separated by an aperture 3 passing through two opposite planar faces 7 of the portions 4.
- the difference in market between positions, on the figure 5 is typically 3-4 s / d between 200 ° and 300 ° amplitude with a value of 3.62 s / d at 250 ° for the blade 1 while it is, on the figure 6 , 1-2 s / d between 200 ° and 300 ° amplitude with a value of 1.82 s / d at 250 ° for the blade 2.
- the blade 2 of the hairspring according to the invention thus makes it possible to significantly reduce the operating deviations of the regulating member by dividing them by two in this example.
- the figure 7 illustrates the maximum operating distance ⁇ M obtained on the one hand with a blade 1 (curve denoted "1") of a thermocompensated balance of 14 turns (14 turns), 5 mm in diameter, a constant thickness of 44 ⁇ m and a no 136 ⁇ m, other part with a blade 2 according to the invention of a heat-compensated hairspring with a number of turns, a diameter and an equivalent rigidity, but with a mass of 0.5, respectively 0.75 times the mass of the hairspring with the blade 1 .
- the maximum gimbal clearance is substantially reduced by 0.5 s / d at 200 ° of amplitude, and shows a comparable decrease of gait irrespective of the amplitude of the balance-balance oscillator.
- the conformation of the openings 3 of the blade 2 of the spiral according to the invention is also advantageous for the thermo compensation of a blade of variable thickness.
- thermocompensating materials other than Si are known to those skilled in the art.
- the ratio between the dimensions the core 12 and the layer 13 of outer material is advantageously constant all along the hairspring, even in the parts of the blade 2 showing a large variation in total thickness e ', as illustrated in FIG. figure 9 .
- the thickness of SiO 2 necessary to achieve the thermo compensation is reduced compared to the thickness required for the reference blade 1 without openings .
- the blade 2 according to the invention has a lower mass while keeping the same rigidity as that of the reference blade 1 without openings, it will be less sensitive to shocks.
- the present invention could also be applied to a spiral with turns of varying pitch and thickness, such as those described in the application EP 2,299,336 . It is also conceivable to vary the thickness of the portions and their spacing along the blade. It is also possible that the two portions show different thicknesses, or use more than two portions connected by bridges. The spacing between the bridges can also be varied. In addition, the thicknesses of each of the two portions of the blade can also vary along the blade, as their spacing. In addition, the two blades can have different thicknesses and the ratio of these thicknesses can evolve along the blade.
- the figure 12a is a spiral whose blade portions have a thickness that varies between the bridges, which aims to maintain the maximum constant stresses in the section portions and minimize the risk of rupture of the blades.
- the figure 12b represents a polygonal shape and the figure 12c a wavy shape, these forms to adjust the compressibility of the inner portion, the side that works in compression during bending, and thus influence the linearity of the elastic behavior. This is to avoid strongly non-linear effects due to buckling of the inner part.
- These shapes and variations can, of course, evolve along the blade, each blade portion between two bridges may have its own structure.
- bridges that are not oriented perpendicular to the blade, such as the inclined bridges visible on the bridge.
- bridges that are not oriented perpendicular to the blade and that have the effect of increasing the rigidity of the blade, as on the figure 12f or on the figure 12g .
- the shape, size and orientation of the bridges can thus have a more or less important influence on the blade stiffness. These parameters are also to be taken into account in case of optimization of the shape of the blade in order to obtain a concentric development of the hairspring and good chronometric performances of the balance-hairspring.
- the spirals according to the invention are advantageously produced by microfabrication techniques, such as the DRIE ("Deep Reactive Ion Etching") method for Si, quartz or diamond, or the UV-LiGA process ("Lithography, Galvanoformung, Abformung For Ni or NiP alloys. It is also possible to use more conventional methods such as laser machining, water jet or EDM if the dimensions of the elements and the required tolerances allow it.
- DRIE Deep Reactive Ion Etching
- UV-LiGA process Lithography, Galvanoformung, Abformung For Ni or NiP alloys.
- the hairspring according to the invention could have several blades 2 angularly offset which could possibly be interconnected by an intermediate ring, as described and illustrated in the patent application.
- EP 2 151 722 could be interconnected by an intermediate ring, as described and illustrated in the patent application.
- the present invention could also be applied, in the field of watchmaking, to other flexible elements such as springs, the arms of a mobile, the flexible parts of a game-catching gear or a ferrule.
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Abstract
Description
La présente invention se rapporte à un spiral pour oscillateur balancier-spiral de pièce d'horlogerie qui peut être réalisé, notamment, dans un matériau à faible densité comme le silicium, le diamant ou le quartz, ainsi qu'un procédé pour la fabrication d'un tel spiral.The present invention relates to a spiral balance for a balance-sprung oscillator of a timepiece which can be produced, in particular, in a low-density material such as silicon, diamond or quartz, as well as a process for the manufacture of such a hairspring.
Les matériaux à faible densité précités permettent de donner au spiral une géométrie complexe par des techniques de micro-fabrication, par exemple par masquage et gravure d'une plaque en silicium.The aforementioned low-density materials make it possible to give the hairspring a complex geometry by micro-fabrication techniques, for example by masking and etching a silicon wafer.
Les performances chronométriques du spiral dépendent directement de sa masse, car la masse du spiral contribue, pendant l'expansion et la contraction de ce dernier, aux forces qui s'exercent sur les pivots du balancier.The chronometric performance of the hairspring depends directly on its mass, because the mass of the hairspring contributes, during the expansion and the contraction of the latter, to the forces exerted on the pivots of the balance.
La demande de brevet européen publiée sous le numéro
La demande de brevet européen n°
Le but de la présente invention est de diminuer la masse d'un spiral pour pièce d'horlogerie, tout en gardant une rigidité équivalente à celle d'un spiral massif.The object of the present invention is to reduce the weight of a hairspring for a timepiece, while keeping a rigidity equivalent to that of a solid hairspring.
A cette fin, la présente invention a pour objet un spiral pour oscillateur balancier-spiral comprenant au moins une lame dont la section transversale présente une épaisseur et une hauteur, cette lame formant des spires dont l'une au moins est munie d'une pluralité d'ajours qui s'étendent dans le sens de la hauteur de la lame et alternent avec des ponts, ce spiral se distinguant en ce que ces ajours sont répartis au moins sur toute la longueur de la spire ou des spires ajourée(s).To this end, the subject of the present invention is a spiral for a balance-balance oscillator comprising at least one blade whose cross section has a thickness and a height, this blade forming turns, at least one of which is provided with a plurality openings that extend in the direction of the height of the blade and alternate with bridges, the spiral is distinguished in that these openings are distributed at least over the entire length of the coil or openwork turns (s).
Ainsi, grâce à l'invention, la masse de la lame est diminuée et il s'ensuit une amélioration de l'isochronisme de l'organe réglant balancier-spiral.Thus, thanks to the invention, the mass of the blade is reduced and it follows an improvement of the isochronism of the balance-balance control member.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, les ajours sont répartis sur toute la longueur de la lame.According to one embodiment of the invention, the openings are distributed over the entire length of the blade.
Les ajours peuvent être répartis régulièrement, soit avec une distance entre ponts constante, soit avec un pas angulaire entre ponts constants, ou irrégulièrement, avec un pas angulaire ou une distance entre ponts variable, sur toute la longueur de la ou les spires ou de toute la lame.The openings can be distributed regularly, either with a constant distance between bridges, or with an angular pitch between constant bridges, or irregularly, with an angular pitch or a distance between variable bridges, over the entire length of the or the turns or any the blade.
Avantageusement, les ajours et l'épaisseur de la lame sont dimensionnés de façon à ce que la rigidité de la lame soit la même que celle d'une lame de référence de section déterminée et sans ajours, ce qui est avantageux pour le comportement du spiral lors de chocs, compte tenu de la diminution de sa masse.Advantageously, the openings and the thickness of the blade are dimensioned so that the rigidity of the blade is the same as that of a reference blade of determined section and without openings, which is advantageous for the behavior of the spiral during shocks, given the decrease in its mass.
De préférence, les ajours ont une forme allongée et la lame comporte deux portions équidistantes solidaires l'une de l'autre et séparées par les ajours. En variante de réalisation, les ajours sont de forme circulaire ou elliptique.Preferably, the openings have an elongated shape and the blade has two equidistant portions integral with one of the other and separated by the openings. In an alternative embodiment, the openings are of circular or elliptical shape.
Dans une forme d'exécution, les deux portions équidistantes ont chacune une épaisseur de dimension inférieure à la moitié de l'épaisseur de la lame de référence et sont séparées au niveau des ajours d'une distance supérieure à la moitié de l'épaisseur de la lame de référence sans ajours.In one embodiment, the two equidistant portions each have a thickness less than half the thickness of the reference blade and are separated at the openings by a distance greater than half the thickness of the the reference blade without openings.
Par exemple, les épaisseurs des deux portions équidistantes de la lame sont chacune égale au quart de l'épaisseur de la lame de référence et l'épaisseur totale de la lame est égale à 1,05 fois l'épaisseur de la lame de référence sans ajours.For example, the thicknesses of the two equidistant portions of the blade are each equal to one quarter of the thickness of the reference blade and the total thickness of the blade is equal to 1.05 times the thickness of the reference blade without in days.
Dans une forme d'exécution, les ponts sont régulièrement situés le long de la lame avec un écart angulaire constant.In one embodiment, the bridges are regularly located along the blade with a constant angular spacing.
De préférence, l'écart angulaire entre les ponts alternant avec les ajours est choisi entre 1° et 360°.Preferably, the angular difference between the bridges alternating with the openings is chosen between 1 ° and 360 °.
Dans une forme d'exécution, l'écart angulaire entre les ponts est de 30° sur les spires intérieures et de 15° sur les spires extérieures.In one embodiment, the angular difference between the bridges is 30 ° on the inner turns and 15 ° on the outer turns.
Dans une autre forme d'exécution, les ponts sont régulièrement situés le long de la lame avec une distance entre ponts constante.In another embodiment, the bridges are regularly located along the blade with a constant distance between bridges.
Avantageusement, la lame est réalisée en silicium, diamant ou quartz. Alternativement, la lame est réalisée dans un alliage métallique, par exemple un alliage à base de Ni.Advantageously, the blade is made of silicon, diamond or quartz. Alternatively, the blade is made of a metal alloy, for example a Ni-based alloy.
Dans une forme d'exécution, la lame présente une épaisseur constante le long des spires.In one embodiment, the blade has a constant thickness along the turns.
Dans une autre forme d'exécution, la lame présente une épaisseur variable le long des spires.In another embodiment, the blade has a variable thickness along the turns.
Avantageusement, la lame comprend un noyau et une couche de matériau externe enveloppant le noyau, configurés de telle sorte que le rapport entre les dimensions du noyau et de la couche de matériau externe reste constant le long de la lame.Advantageously, the blade comprises a core and a layer of outer material enveloping the core, configured such that the ratio between the dimensions of the core and the outer material layer remains constant along the blade.
Par exemple, le noyau de la lame est en silicium et la couche de matériau externe est en dioxyde de silicium SiO2.For example, the core of the blade is silicon and the outer material layer is silicon dioxide SiO 2 .
L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'un tel spiral.The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a spiral.
Les dessins annexés illustrent, schématiquement et à titre d'exemple, un mode de réalisation d'un spiral, objet de cette invention, ainsi que des variantes de ce mode de réalisation.
- La
figure 1 est une vue en plan d'une portion de lame d'un spiral de l'état de la technique pour oscillateur balancier-spiral de pièce d'horlogerie; - la
figure 2 est une vue en plan d'une forme d'exécution d'une portion de lame d'un spiral selon l'invention pour oscillateur balancier-spiral de pièce d'horlogerie; - la
figure 3 illustre une section transversale de la lame du spiral de lafigure 1 ; - la
figure 4 illustre une section transversale de la lame du spiral selon la ligne IV-IV de lafigure 2 ; - la
figure 5 représente un diagramme d'isochronisme obtenu avec un spiral dont la forme de lame correspond à la celle de lafigure 1 ; - la
figure 6 représente un diagramme d'isochronisme obtenu avec un spiral dont la forme de lame correspond à celle de lafigure 2 ; - la
figure 7 représente un diagramme d'écart de marche maximal ΔM entre positions obtenu avec un spiral dont la forme de la lame correspond à celle de lafigure 1 et avec un spiral dont la forme de lame correspond à celle de lafigure 2 ; - la
figure 8 représente une partie de la lame d'un spiral de l'état de la technique présentant une épaisseur variable; - la
figure 9 représente une partie de la lame d'un spiral selon l'invention présentant une épaisseur variable; - la
figure 10 représente une vue en plan d'une forme d'exécution de la lame du spiral selon l'invention, réalisée par photographie au microscope optique; - la
figure 11 représente une vue agrandie de la lame du ressort à spiral selon l'invention, réalisée par micrographie au microscope électronique ; et - les
figures 12a à 12g représentent des variantes de réalisation.
- The
figure 1 is a plan view of a blade portion of a hairspring of the state of the art for a pendulum balance-hairspring oscillator; - the
figure 2 is a plan view of an embodiment of a blade portion of a hairspring according to the invention for a balance-spring balance oscillator; - the
figure 3 illustrates a cross section of the spiral blade of thefigure 1 ; - the
figure 4 illustrates a cross section of the spiral blade along line IV-IV of thefigure 2 ; - the
figure 5 represents an isochronism diagram obtained with a spiral whose blade shape corresponds to that of thefigure 1 ; - the
figure 6 represents an isochronism diagram obtained with a spiral whose blade shape corresponds to that of thefigure 2 ; - the
figure 7 represents a diagram of maximum gap ΔM between positions obtained with a spiral whose blade shape corresponds to that of thefigure 1 and with a spiral whose blade shape corresponds to that of thefigure 2 ; - the
figure 8 represents a part of the blade of a spiral of the state of the art having a variable thickness; - the
figure 9 represents a portion of the blade of a spiral according to the invention having a variable thickness; - the
figure 10 is a plan view of an embodiment of the spiral blade according to the invention, made by optical microscopic photography; - the
figure 11 represents an enlarged view of the leaf of the spiral spring according to the invention, made by electron micrograph; and - the
Figures 12a to 12g represent alternative embodiments.
La lame de spiral est destinée à être reliée à un balancier de pièce d'horlogerie (non représenté) et elle se déforme élastiquement de façon concentrique durant sa contraction et son expansion, consécutives aux oscillations du balancier-spiral.The spiral blade is intended to be connected to a timepiece balance (not shown) and it elastically deforms concentrically during its contraction and expansion, consecutive oscillations spiral balance.
Comme représenté sur les
De préférence, le spiral est réalisé dans un matériau à faible densité comme le silicium, le diamant ou le quartz par des techniques de micro-fabrication permettant de réaliser des géométries complexes de lame, par exemple par masquage, gravage et découpage d'une plaque de silicium.Preferably, the hairspring is made of a low-density material such as silicon, diamond or quartz by micro-fabrication techniques making it possible to produce complex blade geometries, for example by masking, etching and cutting a plate. of silicon.
Les directions respectivement axiale, radiale et angulaire sont utilisées par convention pour simplifier la description et correspondent sensiblement aux directions s'étendant suivant respectivement la hauteur de la section transversale, l'épaisseur de la section transversale et chaque spire de lame.The directions respectively axial, radial and angular are used by convention to simplify the description and correspond substantially to the directions extending respectively along the height of the cross section, the thickness of the cross section and each turn of the blade.
Le spiral selon l'invention représenté sur les
En d'autres termes, les ajours 3 traversent la lame 2 axialement, dans le sens de la hauteur de sa section transversale entre deux portions équidistantes 4, ce qui est mieux illustré sur la
Les ajours 3 ont de préférence une forme allongée. Ils sont situés chacun entre des portions 4 équidistantes de la lame 2 alternant avec des ponts 5 solidarisant les deux portions 4 équidistantes.The openings 3 preferably have an elongated shape. They are located each between equidistant portions 4 of the blade 2 alternating with bridges 5 joining the two equidistant portions 4.
Dans la forme d'exécution selon l'invention représentée par la
L'écart angulaire α entre les ponts 5 peut être choisi entre 1° et 360°.The angular distance α between the bridges 5 can be chosen between 1 ° and 360 °.
Cet écart angulaire α peut être choisi différent pour les spires intérieures et pour les spires extérieures, comme illustrés sur la
La disposition des ponts 5, le dimensionnement des ajours 3 et l'épaisseur des portions 4 sont configurés de façon à assurer à la lame 2 de la
Comme illustré sur la
Comme illustré sur la
Si l'épaisseur e" de chacune des portions 4 de la lame 2 est égale à e"=0,25.e, en d'autres termes si la masse de la lame 1 est diminuée de 50% (la masse des ponts 5 étant négligée en première approximation), pour conserver la même rigidité, et donc le même moment d'inertie, c'est-à-dire pour obtenir I'=I, l'épaisseur totale e' de la lame 2 doit être égale à e'=1,05-e.If the thickness e "of each of the portions 4 of the blade 2 is equal to e" = 0.25, in other words if the mass of the blade 1 is decreased by 50% (the mass of the bridges 5 being neglected in first approximation), to maintain the same rigidity, and therefore the same moment of inertia, that is to say to obtain I '= I, the total thickness e' of the blade 2 must be equal to e '= 1.05, e.
De manière générale, à rigidité constante, c'est-à-dire pour obtenir I=I', plus on diminue l'épaisseur e" de chacune des deux portions équidistantes 4 de la lame 2, plus on augmente son épaisseur totale e'.In general, at constant rigidity, that is to say to obtain I = I ', the smaller the thickness e "of each of the two equidistant portions 4 of the blade 2, the greater its total thickness e' .
A titre d'exemple, pour réaliser le tracé du diagramme d'isochronisme de la
A titre d'exemple, pour réaliser le tracé du diagramme d'isochronisme de la
En se référant maintenant plus précisément aux
Ces deux diagrammes d'isochronisme représentent, chacun, six courbes illustrant l'écart de marche obtenu avec la lame 1 pour le premier et avec la lame 2 pour le deuxième, pour six positions différentes usuelles de mesure du balancier-spiral.These two isochronism diagrams represent, each one, six curves illustrating the distance of march obtained with the blade 1 for the first and with the blade 2 for the second, for six different usual positions of measurement of the balance-spiral.
L'écart de marche entre positions, sur la
La lame 2 du spiral selon l'invention permet donc de diminuer de façon importante les écarts de marche de l'organe réglant, en les divisant par deux dans cet exemple.The blade 2 of the hairspring according to the invention thus makes it possible to significantly reduce the operating deviations of the regulating member by dividing them by two in this example.
La
Elles montrent que la diminution de masse de la lame entraîne une diminution quasi-linéaire de l'écart maximal de marche. En effet, les trois courbes présentent sensiblement la même allure. Pour chaque diminution de 25% de la masse de la lame, l'écart maximal de marche du spiral est sensiblement diminué de 0,5 s/j à 200° d'amplitude, et montre une diminution d'allure comparable quelle que soit l'amplitude de l'oscillateur balancier-spiral.They show that the decrease in the mass of the blade causes a quasi-linear decrease in the maximum operating distance. Indeed, the three curves have substantially the same pace. For each 25% decrease in the mass of the blade, the maximum gimbal clearance is substantially reduced by 0.5 s / d at 200 ° of amplitude, and shows a comparable decrease of gait irrespective of the amplitude of the balance-balance oscillator.
La conformation des ajours 3 de la lame 2 du spiral selon l'invention est aussi avantageuse pour la thermo compensation d'une lame à épaisseur variable.The conformation of the openings 3 of the blade 2 of the spiral according to the invention is also advantageous for the thermo compensation of a blade of variable thickness.
On sait que pour réaliser une thermo compensation, c'est-à-dire de minimiser une dérive thermique de la marche d'un oscillateur balancier-spiral muni d'un spiral, on peut, dans le cas du silicium Si, utiliser une lame 1 de référence sans ajours comportant un noyau 10 de silicium enveloppé par une couche 11 de matériau externe, par exemple en dioxyde de silicium SiO2 amorphe, comme décrit dans le brevet
Or, quand la section de la lame 1 du spiral change, comme par exemple pour un spiral de pas et d'épaisseur des spires variables, le rapport entre les dimensions du noyau 10 et de la couche 11 de matériau externe change aussi, comme illustré sur la
Pour une lame 2 d'épaisseur totale e' variable formée de deux portions équidistantes 4 d'épaisseur constante e" solidarisées par des ponts 5, le rapport entre les dimensions du noyau 12 et de la couche 13 de matériau externe reste avantageusement constant tout le long du spiral, même dans les parties de la lame 2 montrant une forte variation d'épaisseur totale e', comme illustré sur la
Ceci permet de réaliser, pour la lame 2, une thermo compensation optimisée.This allows for the blade 2, an optimized thermo compensation.
De plus, du fait que la surface oxydée est plus importante dans le cas de la lame 2 ajourée, l'épaisseur de SiO2 nécessaire pour réaliser la thermo compensation est diminuée par rapport à l'épaisseur nécessaire pour la lame 1 de référence sans ajours.In addition, because the oxidized surface is larger in the case of the perforated blade 2, the thickness of SiO 2 necessary to achieve the thermo compensation is reduced compared to the thickness required for the reference blade 1 without openings .
Comme la lame 2 selon l'invention a une masse plus faible tout en gardant la même rigidité que celle de la lame de référence 1 sans ajours, elle sera moins sensible aux chocs.As the blade 2 according to the invention has a lower mass while keeping the same rigidity as that of the reference blade 1 without openings, it will be less sensitive to shocks.
La présente invention pourrait également s'appliquer à un spiral à spires de pas et d'épaisseur variables, comme ceux décrits dans la demande
Ces variantes permettent de faire varier la rigidité le long de la lame, et/ou d'obtenir une rigidité qui varie avec le couple développé.These variants make it possible to vary the rigidity along the blade, and / or to obtain a rigidity which varies with the developed torque.
D'autres paramètres peuvent être modifiés pour optimiser encore les propriétés chronométriques du spiral comme le montrent les
La
La
Il est également possible de modifier la forme et l'orientation des ponts et d'utiliser des ponts qui ne sont pas orientés perpendiculairement à la lame, comme les ponts inclinés visibles sur la
Enfin, il est aussi envisageable d'utiliser des ponts qui ne sont pas orientés perpendiculairement à la lame et qui ont pour effet de augmenter la rigidité de la lame, comme sur la
La forme, la dimension et l'orientation des ponts peut ainsi avoir une influence plus ou moins importante sur la rigidité de lame. Ces paramètres sont aussi à prendre en compte de cas en cas pour l'optimisation de la forme de la lame afin d'obtenir un développement concentrique du spiral et de bonnes performances chronométriques du balancier-spiral.The shape, size and orientation of the bridges can thus have a more or less important influence on the blade stiffness. These parameters are also to be taken into account in case of optimization of the shape of the blade in order to obtain a concentric development of the hairspring and good chronometric performances of the balance-hairspring.
Les spiraux selon l'invention sont avantageusement réalisés par des techniques de microfabrication, comme le procédé DRIE (« Deep Reactive Ion Etching ») pour le Si, le quartz ou le diamant, ou le procédé UV-LiGA (« Lithographie, Galvanoformung, Abformung ») pour des alliages de type Ni ou NiP. On peut aussi utiliser des procédés plus classiques comme l'usinage par laser, jet d'eau ou l'électroérosion si les dimensions des éléments et les tolérances requises le permettent.The spirals according to the invention are advantageously produced by microfabrication techniques, such as the DRIE ("Deep Reactive Ion Etching") method for Si, quartz or diamond, or the UV-LiGA process ("Lithography, Galvanoformung, Abformung For Ni or NiP alloys. It is also possible to use more conventional methods such as laser machining, water jet or EDM if the dimensions of the elements and the required tolerances allow it.
Dans d'autres variantes de réalisation non représentées dans la présente demande, le spiral selon l'invention pourrait présenter plusieurs lames 2 décalées angulairement qui pourraient être éventuellement reliées entre elles par un anneau intermédiaire, telles que décrites et illustrées dans la demande de brevet
La présente invention pourrait également s'appliquer, dans le domaine de l'horlogerie, à d'autres éléments flexibles tels que des ressorts, les bras d'un mobile, les parties flexibles d'un engrenage à rattrapage de jeu ou d'une virole.The present invention could also be applied, in the field of watchmaking, to other flexible elements such as springs, the arms of a mobile, the flexible parts of a game-catching gear or a ferrule.
Claims (19)
Priority Applications (1)
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EP11405279.8A EP2407831B1 (en) | 2010-07-12 | 2011-07-11 | Hairspring for oscillator balance of a clock piece and method for manufacturing same |
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EP10405134 | 2010-07-12 | ||
EP11405279.8A EP2407831B1 (en) | 2010-07-12 | 2011-07-11 | Hairspring for oscillator balance of a clock piece and method for manufacturing same |
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EP2407831A1 true EP2407831A1 (en) | 2012-01-18 |
EP2407831B1 EP2407831B1 (en) | 2022-09-07 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20120008468A1 (en) | 2012-01-12 |
CN102331704A (en) | 2012-01-25 |
EP2407831B1 (en) | 2022-09-07 |
US8562206B2 (en) | 2013-10-22 |
JP5851135B2 (en) | 2016-02-03 |
JP2012021984A (en) | 2012-02-02 |
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