EP2407743A2 - Hollow profile for heat exchanger - Google Patents
Hollow profile for heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2407743A2 EP2407743A2 EP11005336A EP11005336A EP2407743A2 EP 2407743 A2 EP2407743 A2 EP 2407743A2 EP 11005336 A EP11005336 A EP 11005336A EP 11005336 A EP11005336 A EP 11005336A EP 2407743 A2 EP2407743 A2 EP 2407743A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- profile
- hollow
- flat
- profiles
- heat exchanger
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
- F28F1/022—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with multiple channels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
- F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
- F28D1/05391—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits combined with a particular flow pattern, e.g. multi-row multi-stage radiators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D2001/0253—Particular components
- F28D2001/026—Cores
- F28D2001/0273—Cores having special shape, e.g. curved, annular
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/126—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element consisting of zig-zag shaped fins
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
- F28F2255/16—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes extruded
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
- F28F2275/12—Fastening; Joining by methods involving deformation of the elements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a hollow profile for heat exchangers, in particular of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and a heat exchanger which has a very good corrosion resistance.
- Another development direction aims at improved materials with higher corrosion resistance. These are in particular aluminum alloys with high proportions of manganese and with high proportions of copper. In these improved aluminum materials, however, the higher corrosion resistance is paid for with a poorer extrudability. Due to the poorer extrudability, the tool wear increases during extrusion, which in addition to the higher material costs also leads to higher tool costs.
- Object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger with a higher corrosion resistance and thus a wider range of application available.
- This object is achieved with a heat exchanger having the features of claim 9.
- This heat exchanger comprises flat hollow profiles and between the hollow profiles slats, in particular made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- the hollow profiles have an outer wall of two broad sides, which on the one hand form the top and on the other hand, the underside of the hollow sections and two Narrow sides, which represent the lateral boundary of the hollow sections.
- This outer wall defines a plurality of extending in the longitudinal direction of the hollow profile channels for a heat exchange medium to the outside.
- the flat hollow profiles do not provide a flat storage surface for dirt deposits, since the hollow profiles either have a curved or arcuate cross-section or flat planar hollow sections are arranged obliquely in the heat exchanger.
- the lamellae are located between the hollow profiles and are adapted to the shape of the gap between the hollow profiles used.
- a combination of fins and hollow profiles is preferably carried out by brazing.
- it may be provided in a heat exchanger with flat planar hollow sections that the slats are additionally held positively against the flat profiles. If, in fact, a solder connection between hollow profile and lamella becomes ineffective over time, the lamella would slip out. An additional positive locking prevents this.
- a preferred embodiment of the heat exchanger uses new hollow sections with the features of claim 1.
- These new hollow profiles for heat exchangers consist of flat base profiles.
- the flat base profile thus has an outer wall of two broad sides, namely on the one hand, the broad side, which forms the top of the base profile and on the other hand, the broad side, which forms the bottom of the base profile and two narrow sides, which represent the lateral boundary of the basic profile and connect the broad sides together.
- As with known flat flat profiles surrounding the outer wall at least one cavity, so that there is a hollow profile.
- This cavity comprises at least one extending in the longitudinal direction of the base profile channel for the heat exchange medium.
- a plurality of channels for a heat exchange medium is provided.
- the broad sides are flat and give a flat top or bottom of the base profile.
- at least the upper broad side is formed in such a way that a convexly upwardly shaped upper side results, which is uniform in the longitudinal direction of the basic profile. This results in the transverse direction of the base profile, a longitudinal extension of the upper broad side, which is greater than the width of the base profile, which is determined by the distance of the narrow sides of the base profile.
- the lower broad side is deformed, so that there is an upwardly shaped underside.
- the formations of the top and bottom of the basic profile are upward curvatures of the cross-sectional curve of the broad sides, so that the base profile has an arcuate or angularly curved cross-section.
- the upper broadside starting from one of the narrow sides to the summit always has a positive slope.
- a hollow profile with an upper broad side which has no sub-areas which are formed horizontally or concave bulges, since such horizontal areas or bulges in the built-in Heat exchanger areas represent where dirt can accumulate and thus there is a risk of corrosion.
- the new hollow sections used in the heat exchangers are mirror-symmetrical basic profiles.
- the peak of the formation of the broad sides is in the region of the central axis of the basic profiles. This peak extends over the entire longitudinal extent of the profile, so that either results in a basic profile, which is pronounced of a pointed roof shape, but preferably with a rounded ridge or there is a basic profile in a round arch shape.
- the summit of the shaping of the broad sides can also be in an area between a narrow side and the central axis of the basic profile, so that an asymmetrical basic profile results.
- a basic profile is present in a pointed roof shape
- the area of the summit is convexly curved.
- the broad sides extend between the summit and the narrow sides straight and in a preferred embodiment, both broad sides parallel to each other.
- the narrow sides can be provided flat or arched outwards. Arched narrow sides have the advantage that they provide a lower flow resistance of the gaseous cooling medium, which flows across the hollow profiles when the hollow sections are installed in a heat exchanger to cool the medium flowing through the hollow sections.
- Such a hollow profile can be achieved in a simple manner from a known planar flat profile with parallel flat broadsides by bending the longitudinal edges of the flat profile to an arcuate base profile. Furthermore, such a known flat flat profile can also be folded so that an angularly curved cross section results for the basic profile. To make things easier a bending process can be provided in the flat flat profile produced at the bottom in the region of the bending axis a groove. Such a groove facilitates the folding or bending, especially for larger bending radii.
- the flat flat profiles are obtained by extrusion, preferably as Mehrhunthochprofile or composite profiles.
- a flat well-known flat profile which is produced by other manufacturing processes, such as by casting, roll forming and welding, be converted to a novel tube profile.
- a known planar flat profile can be produced by folding or bending the longitudinal edges. It is of course also possible to form a basic profile in the desired final shape directly by extrusion.
- the new hollow profiles can be coated in the same way as known heat exchanger profiles with a solder / flux mixture, for example with 2 to 7 g / m 2 Nocolok, 1 to 12 g / m 2 KZnF3, 1 to 5 g / m 2 zinc, 0 , 1 to 5 g / m 2 of lithium cryolite or with other known solder / flux mixtures.
- solder / flux mixture for example with 2 to 7 g / m 2 Nocolok, 1 to 12 g / m 2 KZnF3, 1 to 5 g / m 2 zinc, 0 , 1 to 5 g / m 2 of lithium cryolite or with other known solder / flux mixtures.
- the advantage of the new hollow sections for heat exchangers is that such a heat exchanger with the curved or curved hollow profiles offers no surfaces for the deposition of dirt. This allows such heat exchangers made of aluminum materials for air conditioning systems of hotels that are on the roofs, so are exposed to environmental pollution, such as dust. On the sloping or curved surfaces of the hollow profile adhering dust is quickly removed by wind or rain. Thus, the new profile shape causes a self-cleaning. Furthermore, it has been found advantageous that the efficiency of such a heat exchanger increases, since the gaseous medium, which flows through the heat exchanger in the cross-flow, is additionally deflected by the curved or curved shape of the hollow profiles.
- Another advantage of new hollow sections is that the lamellae arranged between the hollow sections can not escape from the heat exchanger even with an ineffective solder joint, since an additional form-fit is present in addition to the effective solder joint.
- known heat exchangers especially in non-stationary air conditioning systems, it has been shown that in the case of non-effective soldering a leaching of the slats takes place.
- This base profile 10 has two broad sides 31, 32 and two narrow sides 33, 34, which together form the outer wall of the base section 10.
- a plurality of channels 30 in this case are provided for the medium flowing through the heat exchanger.
- the individual channels 30 are separated from each other by channel walls 38.
- the basic profile 10 shown is a symmetrical profile, wherein the central axis M represents the axis of symmetry.
- the basic profile 10 according to the invention is not flat, but bent. It has an arcuate cross-section.
- the upper broad side 31, which forms the upper side 35, is curved convexly upwards.
- the lower broadside 32. which forms the bottom 36 of the base section 10. Both broad sides 31, 32 are parallel to each other. Because of this curved cross-sectional shape of the base profile 10, the width B of the base profile 10 is smaller than the longitudinal extent L1 of the upper broadside 31.
- the narrow sides 33, 34 are in this example just trained. In the example of Fig.2 are the narrow sides 33, 34 arched outwards. As a result, they provide a lower flow resistance for air streams which flow transversely to the heat exchanger, ie also in the transverse direction to the base profile 10, in order to cool the medium flowing through the channels 30.
- Fig.2 we have an asymmetrical basic profile 10 that is angular in cross section. The bend is located in the Fig.2 to the left of the central axis M, ie closer to the narrow side 33.
- the broadsides 31, 32 not only run parallel to each other, but have in essential areas between the narrow sides 33 and 34 and the summit 37 a straight course.
- Vaults has the basic profile 10 of the Fig.2 exclusively in the region of the narrow sides 33, 34 and the convex curvatures of the broad sides 31, 32 in the region of the summit 37.
- cooling fins 41 serve to increase the heat exchange.
- this basic profile 10 of the Fig.2 can be achieved by folding the longitudinal edges of a flat profile 10 ', wherein the fold in this case is not centered in the longitudinal direction.
- the flat profile 10 ' In order to facilitate a bending or bending, the flat profile 10 'according to Figure 3 a groove 39 '. In this way, a predetermined bending point on the flat profile 10 'is specified.
- This groove 39 ' is in the example of Figure 3 in the region of the central axis M of the flat profile 10 'is arranged. To achieve an asymmetrical profile, such a groove 39 'may also be provided outside this central axis M.
- Fig.1 to 3 show in cross-section substantially rectangular channels 30, apart from the channels 30 which are bounded by curved narrow sides 33, 34 or in the example of Figure 3 the channels 30 adjacent to the central axis M. which deviate by the shape of the groove 39 from the rectangular shape. It is of course also possible to provide other cross-sectional shapes for the channels 30.
- In the example of Figure 4 are round cross-sections for the channels 30 in the flat profile 10 'formed and thus also in the base section 10, since the basic profile 10 is produced solely by bending from the flat profile 10' without the flat profile 10 'is pulled in the transverse direction.
- Other cross-sectional shapes for the channels 30 are conceivable, such as oval, square, triangular or polygonal cross-sectional shapes.
- the individual channels 30 of a basic profile 10 also do not have to have the same shape or size.
- the basic profile 10 in Figure 4 also has a curved cross-section.
- the summit 37 of the convex Forming upwards is located in the area of the central axis M of the basic profile 10, so that a symmetrical basic profile 10 results.
- the embodiments of the figures Fig.1 to 3 the embodiment of Figure 4 preferable.
- the flat profiles 10 'used to form the hollow profile according to the invention in the Fig.1 to 4 are multi-chamber hollow profiles. It is also possible as a flat profile 10 'to use a composite profile, which is preferably produced by extrusion. Such a composite profile as a flat profile 10 'shows Figure 5 . To achieve the basic profile 10, the flat profile 10 'is deformed, bent in this example about its central axis M, so that there is an angled base profile 10 with a concave in the region of the composite web 40 vaulted top 37. Unlike the above basic profiles 10 of Fig.1 to 4 is located in the region of the summit 37 only the composite web 40 and no hollow profile area, so no channel 30.
- the upper broadside 31 but in the same way forms a closed smooth upper surface 35, starting from the narrow sides 33, 34 rises towards the summit 37 and in Area of the summit 37 is bulged convex upward.
- the lower broadside 32 extends from the narrow sides 33, 34 to the end of the upper channels 30 and forms between the two upper channels 30 together with the upper broad side 31 a common wall, the composite web 40.
- Such an embodiment has the advantage in that only the composite web has to be bent.
- the particular advantage of the hollow profile according to the invention is that a heat exchanger with these hollow sections can also be used for building air conditioning, since it withstands high environmental impact.
- this heat exchanger 23 'of the prior art has a plurality of planar flat sections 10', which are arranged one above the other and at the front end into a collecting pipe 21 'and at the rear end into a collecting pipe 22' open.
- These hollow sections 10 ' are flowed through in one direction, ie in direct current.
- Other heat exchangers of the prior art are designed so that the medium can flow through the flat profiles 10 'in countercurrent. Between the flat profiles 10 'are slats 20'.
- a similar cleaning effect can be with a heat exchanger 23 ", in cross section in Fig. 9 shown, achieve.
- This heat exchanger 23 uses the known flat tubes 10 ', but not in a horizontal orientation, as in Figure 7 , but in a tilted orientation.
- This heat exchanger 23 has, like the heat exchanger 23 'of the prior art, a solder connection between the flat profiles 10' and the lamellae 20 'or 20". If the solder joint becomes ineffective, a lamella 20 'of the prior art heat exchanger 23' can be released and certainly a lamella 20 would also slip out due to the inclination of the flat profiles 10.
- the lamellae 20 " can be equipped such that they engage behind the narrow sides of the flat profiles 10 'by means of a wrap-around 25. In this way, the lamellae 20" are additionally held in a form-fitting manner in the heat exchanger 23 ".
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Hohlprofil für Wärmetauscher, insbesondere aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung, und einen Wärmetauscher, der eine sehr gute Korrosionsbeständigkeit besitzt.The invention relates to a hollow profile for heat exchangers, in particular of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and a heat exchanger which has a very good corrosion resistance.
Wärmetauscher im Automobilbereich bestehen heutzutage fast ausschließlich aus Aluminiummaterial. Die Lebensdauer und Haltbarkeit der Wärmetauscher wird wesentlich von ihrer Korrosionsbeständigkeit beeinflusst. Die meisten Aluminiumlegierungen weisen aufgrund ihrer natürlichen Oxidschicht zwar eine Korrosionsbeständigkeit auf. Diese ist jedoch für viele Anwendungszwecke nicht ausreichend, insbesondere nicht wenn die Bauteile aus Aluminiummaterial stark sauren bzw. stark basischen Medien ausgesetzt sind. Solche Medien können Umwelteinflüsse sein oder Substanzen, mit denen die Bauteile im Herstellungsprozess in Berührung kommen. So werden die aus Aluminiummaterial bestehenden Einzelkomponenten des Wärmetauschers, wie beispielsweise die von dem Wärmeaustauschmedium durchströmten Flachrohre und die den Wärmeaustausch verbessernden Lamellen miteinander durch Hartlöten verbunden. Nach dem Hartlöten verbleibt das beim Hartlöten verwendete Flussmittel auf den Wärmertauscherkomponenten. Zur Erhöhung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit wurden daher verbesserte Lotflussmittelmischungen entwickelt, insbesondere nichtkorrosive Flussmittel. Eine andere Entwicklungsrichtung zielt auf verbesserte Werkstoffe mit höherer Korrosionsbeständigkeit. Dabei handelt es sich insbesondere um Aluminiumlegierungen mit hohen Anteilen an Mangan und mit hohen Anteilen an Kupfer. Bei diesen verbesserten Aluminiumwerkstoffen wird die höhere Korrosionsbeständigkeit jedoch mit einer schlechteren Extrudierbarkeit erkauft. Durch die schlechtere Extrudierbarkeit erhöht sich der Werkzeugverschleiß beim Strangpressen, was neben den höheren Werkstoffkosten auch zu höheren Werkzeugkosten führt.Today heat exchangers in the automotive sector consist almost exclusively of aluminum material. The life and durability of the heat exchangers is significantly affected by their corrosion resistance. Although most aluminum alloys have a corrosion resistance due to their natural oxide layer. However, this is not sufficient for many applications, especially not if the components of aluminum material are exposed to strongly acidic or strongly basic media. Such media can be environmental influences or substances with which the components come into contact in the manufacturing process. Thus, the individual components of the heat exchanger made of aluminum material, such as the flat tubes through which the heat exchange medium flows and the heat exchange-improving blades are connected to one another by brazing. After brazing, the flux used in brazing remains on the heat exchanger components. To increase the corrosion resistance were Therefore, developed improved Lotflussmittelmischungen, especially non-corrosive flux. Another development direction aims at improved materials with higher corrosion resistance. These are in particular aluminum alloys with high proportions of manganese and with high proportions of copper. In these improved aluminum materials, however, the higher corrosion resistance is paid for with a poorer extrudability. Due to the poorer extrudability, the tool wear increases during extrusion, which in addition to the higher material costs also leads to higher tool costs.
Darüber hinaus hat sich herausgestellt, dass die aus dem Automobilbau bekannten Wärmertauscher für eine Anwendung bei der Gebäudeklimatisierung nicht ausreichend korrosionsbeständig sind. Insbesondere bei großen Gebäuden, wie beispielsweise Hotels, befinden sich solche Klimaanlagen auf dem Dach. Diese Klimaanlagen sind starken Umweltbelastungen ausgesetzt, zum einen durch Industriestäube, die sich auf der Oberfläche der Flachprofile und im Bereich der Lamellentäler ablagern. Diese Industriestäube enthalten Metalle, wie Eisen, Kupfer oder Titan, die edler sind als Aluminium und führen daher zu Korrosionserscheinungen.In addition, it has been found that the heat exchangers known from the automotive industry are not sufficiently resistant to corrosion for use in building air conditioning. Especially in large buildings, such as hotels, such air conditioning systems are located on the roof. These air conditioning systems are exposed to heavy environmental pollution, on the one hand by industrial dusts, which are deposited on the surface of the flat profiles and in the area of the lamella valleys. These industrial dusts contain metals, such as iron, copper or titanium, which are more noble than aluminum and therefore lead to corrosion phenomena.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen Wärmetauscher mit einer höheren Korrosionsbeständigkeit und damit einer größeren Anwendungsbreite zur Verfügung zu stellen.Object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger with a higher corrosion resistance and thus a wider range of application available.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit einem Wärmetauscher mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 9 erfüllt. Dieser Wärmetauscher umfasst flache Hohlprofile und zwischen den Hohlprofilen Lamellen, insbesondere aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung. Die Hohlprofile besitzen eine Außenwand aus zwei Breitseiten, welche einerseits die Oberseite und andererseits die Unterseite der Hohlprofile bilden sowie aus zwei Schmalseiten, welche die seitliche Begrenzung der Hohlprofile darstellen. Diese Außenwand begrenzt mehrere in Längsrichtung des Hohlprofils verlaufende Kanäle für ein Wärmeaustauschmedium nach außen. Anders als beim Stand der Technik bieten die flachen Hohlprofile jedoch keine ebene Ablagefläche für Schmutzablagerungen, da die Hohlprofile entweder einen gekrümmten oder bogenförmigen Querschnitt besitzen oder flache ebene Hohlprofile im Wärmetauscher schräg angeordnet sind. In beiden Fällen können Schmutz und Feuchtigkeit von der Oberseite der Hohlprofile abrutschen bzw. abfließen, was die Ursachen für Korrosionserscheinungen gegenüber bekannten Wärmetauschern wesentlich minimiert. Die Lamellen befinden sich zwischen den Hohlprofilen und sind an die Form des Zwischenraums zwischen den verwendeten Hohlprofilen angepasst. Eine Verbindung von Lamellen und Hohlprofilen erfolgt bevorzugt durch Hartlöten. Zusätzlich kann bei einem Wärmetauscher mit flachen ebenen Hohlprofilen vorgesehen sein, dass die Lamellen zusätzlich noch formschlüssig an den Flachprofilen gehalten werden. Sollte nämlich eine Lotverbindung zwischen Hohlprofil und Lamelle mit der Zeit unwirksam werden, würde die Lamelle herausrutschen. Ein zusätzlicher Formschluss verhindert dies.This object is achieved with a heat exchanger having the features of claim 9. This heat exchanger comprises flat hollow profiles and between the hollow profiles slats, in particular made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The hollow profiles have an outer wall of two broad sides, which on the one hand form the top and on the other hand, the underside of the hollow sections and two Narrow sides, which represent the lateral boundary of the hollow sections. This outer wall defines a plurality of extending in the longitudinal direction of the hollow profile channels for a heat exchange medium to the outside. However, unlike the prior art, the flat hollow profiles do not provide a flat storage surface for dirt deposits, since the hollow profiles either have a curved or arcuate cross-section or flat planar hollow sections are arranged obliquely in the heat exchanger. In both cases, dirt and moisture from slipping off the top of the hollow sections or drain, which significantly minimizes the causes of corrosion phenomena compared to known heat exchangers. The lamellae are located between the hollow profiles and are adapted to the shape of the gap between the hollow profiles used. A combination of fins and hollow profiles is preferably carried out by brazing. In addition, it may be provided in a heat exchanger with flat planar hollow sections that the slats are additionally held positively against the flat profiles. If, in fact, a solder connection between hollow profile and lamella becomes ineffective over time, the lamella would slip out. An additional positive locking prevents this.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform des Wärmetauschers verwendet neue Hohlprofile mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1.A preferred embodiment of the heat exchanger uses new hollow sections with the features of claim 1.
Diese neuen Hohlprofile für Wärmetauscher, insbesondere aus Aluminiumwerkstoffen, nämlich Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung, bestehen aus flachen Grundprofilen. Dies bedeutet, dass der Abstand zwischen Ober- und Unterseite des Grundprofils geringer ist als der Abstand zwischen den Seitenflächen. Das flache Grundprofil besitzt damit eine Außenwand aus zwei Breitseiten, nämlich einerseits der Breitseite, welche die Oberseite des Grundprofils bildet und andererseits der Breitseite, welche die Unterseite des Grundprofils bildet sowie aus zwei Schmalseiten, welche die seitliche Begrenzung des Grundprofils darstellen und die Breitseiten miteinander verbinden. Wie bei bekannten ebenen Flachprofilen umgibt die Außenwand mindestens einen Hohlraum, so dass sich ein Hohlprofil ergibt. Dieser Hohlraum umfasst mindestens einen in Längsrichtung des Grundprofils verlaufenden Kanal für das Wärmeaustauschmedium. In der Regel ist eine Vielzahl von Kanälen für ein Wärmeaustauschmedium vorgesehen. Bei den bekannten ebenen Flachprofilen sind die Breitseiten eben ausgebildet und ergeben eine ebene Ober- oder Unterseite des Grundprofils. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Hohlprofil ist zumindest die obere Breitseite so ausgebildet, dass sich eine konvex nach oben ausgeformte Oberseite ergibt, die in Längsrichtung des Grundprofils gleichmäßig ausgebildet ist. Es ergibt sich damit in Querrichtung des Grundprofils eine Längenausdehnung der oberen Breitseite, die größer ist als die Breite des Grundprofils, welche durch den Abstand der Schmalseiten des Grundprofils bestimmt wird.These new hollow profiles for heat exchangers, in particular of aluminum materials, namely aluminum or an aluminum alloy, consist of flat base profiles. This means that the distance between the top and bottom of the base profile is less than the distance between the side surfaces. The flat base profile thus has an outer wall of two broad sides, namely on the one hand, the broad side, which forms the top of the base profile and on the other hand, the broad side, which forms the bottom of the base profile and two narrow sides, which represent the lateral boundary of the basic profile and connect the broad sides together. As with known flat flat profiles surrounding the outer wall at least one cavity, so that there is a hollow profile. This cavity comprises at least one extending in the longitudinal direction of the base profile channel for the heat exchange medium. In general, a plurality of channels for a heat exchange medium is provided. In the known flat flat profiles, the broad sides are flat and give a flat top or bottom of the base profile. In the case of the hollow profile according to the invention, at least the upper broad side is formed in such a way that a convexly upwardly shaped upper side results, which is uniform in the longitudinal direction of the basic profile. This results in the transverse direction of the base profile, a longitudinal extension of the upper broad side, which is greater than the width of the base profile, which is determined by the distance of the narrow sides of the base profile.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird auch die untere Breitseite verformt, so dass sich eine nach oben ausgeformte Unterseite ergibt. Im Querschnitt stellen die Ausformungen der Ober- und Unterseite des Grundsprofils nach oben gerichtete Krümmungen der Querschnittskurve der Breitseiten dar, so dass das Grundprofil einen bogenförmigen oder winkelförmig gekrümmten Querschnitt besitzt. Betrachtet man den Querschnitt des neuen Hohlprofils für den Wärmertauscher, so zeigt sich, dass die Breitseiten ausgehend von einer Schmalseite also von einer Längskante des Grundprofils bis zu einem Gipfel der Ausformung einen ansteigenden Verlauf haben. Dies kann ein gerader oder bogenförmiger Verlauf sein. Vom Gipfel an zur gegenüberliegenden Schmalseite fällt die Breitseite wieder ab. Auch dieser abfallende Verlauf kann gerade oder bogenförmig sein. Wesentlich ist, dass die obere Breitseite ausgehend von einer der Schmalseiten zum Gipfel hin immer einen positiven Anstieg hat. Besonders bevorzugt ist ein Hohlprofil mit einer oberen Breitseite, welche keine Teilbereiche besitzt, die horizontal ausgebildet sind oder konkave Ausbauchungen enthalten, da solche horizontalen Bereiche oder Ausbauchungen im eingebauten Wärmetauscher Bereiche darstellen, wo sich Schmutz ablagern kann und damit die Gefahr von Korrosionserscheinungen besteht.In a preferred embodiment, the lower broad side is deformed, so that there is an upwardly shaped underside. In cross-section, the formations of the top and bottom of the basic profile are upward curvatures of the cross-sectional curve of the broad sides, so that the base profile has an arcuate or angularly curved cross-section. Looking at the cross section of the new hollow profile for the heat exchanger, it turns out that the broad sides, starting from a narrow side, that is, from a longitudinal edge of the basic profile up to a summit of the formation, have an ascending course. This can be a straight or curved course. From the summit to the opposite narrow side, the broadside falls off again. This sloping course can also be straight or curved. It is essential that the upper broadside, starting from one of the narrow sides to the summit always has a positive slope. Particularly preferred is a hollow profile with an upper broad side, which has no sub-areas which are formed horizontally or concave bulges, since such horizontal areas or bulges in the built-in Heat exchanger areas represent where dirt can accumulate and thus there is a risk of corrosion.
Je nach Anwendungsfall sind die in den Wärmetauschern eingesetzten neuen Hohlprofile spiegelsymmetrische Grundprofile. In diesem Fall befindet sich der Gipfel der Ausformung der Breitseiten im Bereich der Mittelachse der Grundprofile. Dieser Gipfel zieht sich über die gesamte Längsausdehnung des Profils hin, so dass sich entweder ein Grundprofil ergibt, welches an eine Spitzdachform erinnert, vorzugsweise jedoch mit einem abgerundeten First oder es ergibt sich ein Grundprofil in einer Rundbogenform. Zur Erzielung der vorteilhaften Eigenschaften ist eine solche Spiegelsymmetrie jedoch nicht notwendig, d.h. der Gipfel der Ausformung der Breitseiten kann sich auch in einem Bereich zwischen einer Schmalseite und der Mittelachse des Grundprofils befinden, so dass sich ein asymmetrisches Grundprofil ergibt.Depending on the application, the new hollow sections used in the heat exchangers are mirror-symmetrical basic profiles. In this case, the peak of the formation of the broad sides is in the region of the central axis of the basic profiles. This peak extends over the entire longitudinal extent of the profile, so that either results in a basic profile, which is reminiscent of a pointed roof shape, but preferably with a rounded ridge or there is a basic profile in a round arch shape. However, to achieve the advantageous properties such mirror symmetry is not necessary, i. the summit of the shaping of the broad sides can also be in an area between a narrow side and the central axis of the basic profile, so that an asymmetrical basic profile results.
Liegt beispielsweise ein Grundprofil in einer Spitzdachform vor, so ist vorzugsweise der Bereich des Gipfels konvex gewölbt. Die Breitseiten verlaufen zwischen dem Gipfel und den Schmalseiten gerade und in bevorzugter Ausführungsform beide Breitseiten parallel zueinander. Die Schmalseiten können eben oder nach außen gewölbt vorgesehen werden. Gewölbte Schmalseiten haben den Vorteil, dass diese einen geringeren Strömungswiderstand dem gasförmigen Kühlmedium bieten, welches quer über die Hohlprofile strömt, wenn die Hohlprofile in einem Wärmetauscher eingebaut sind, um das durch die Hohlprofile strömende Medium abzukühlen.If, for example, a basic profile is present in a pointed roof shape, preferably the area of the summit is convexly curved. The broad sides extend between the summit and the narrow sides straight and in a preferred embodiment, both broad sides parallel to each other. The narrow sides can be provided flat or arched outwards. Arched narrow sides have the advantage that they provide a lower flow resistance of the gaseous cooling medium, which flows across the hollow profiles when the hollow sections are installed in a heat exchanger to cool the medium flowing through the hollow sections.
Ein solches Hohlprofil lässt sich in einfacher Weise aus einem bekannten ebenen Flachprofil mit parallelen ebenen Breitseiten durch Abbiegen der Längskanten des Flachprofils zu einem bogenförmigen Grundprofil erzielen. Des Weiteren kann ein solches bekanntes ebenes Flachprofil auch abgekantet werden, so dass sich ein winkelförmig gekrümmter Querschnitt für das Grundprofil ergibt. Zur Erleichterung eines Abkantprozesses kann bei dem hergestellten ebenen Flachprofil an der Unterseite im Bereich der Biegeachse eine Nut vorgesehen werden. Eine solche Nut erleichtert das Abkanten oder Abbiegen, insbesondere bei größeren Biegeradien.Such a hollow profile can be achieved in a simple manner from a known planar flat profile with parallel flat broadsides by bending the longitudinal edges of the flat profile to an arcuate base profile. Furthermore, such a known flat flat profile can also be folded so that an angularly curved cross section results for the basic profile. To make things easier a bending process can be provided in the flat flat profile produced at the bottom in the region of the bending axis a groove. Such a groove facilitates the folding or bending, especially for larger bending radii.
In einfacher Weise werden die ebenen Flachprofile durch Strangpressen erhalten, vorzugsweise als Mehrkammerhochprofile oder als Verbundprofile. Selbstverständlich kann auch ein ebenes bekanntes Flachprofil, welches durch andere Herstellungsverfahren, wie beispielsweise durch ein Gießen, Rollformen und Schweißen herstellt wird, zu einem neuartigen Rohrprofil umgeformt werden. Wie bereits angedeutet, lässt sich ein bekanntes ebenes Flachprofil durch Abkanten oder Abbiegen der Längskanten erzeugen. Es ist selbstverständlich auch möglich, ein Grundprofil in der gewünschten Endform direkt durch Strangpressen zu formen.In a simple way, the flat flat profiles are obtained by extrusion, preferably as Mehrkammerhochprofile or composite profiles. Of course, a flat well-known flat profile, which is produced by other manufacturing processes, such as by casting, roll forming and welding, be converted to a novel tube profile. As already indicated, a known planar flat profile can be produced by folding or bending the longitudinal edges. It is of course also possible to form a basic profile in the desired final shape directly by extrusion.
Die neuen Hohlprofile lassen sich ein gleicher Weise, wie bekannte Wärmetauscherprofile, mit einer Lot/Flussmittelmischung beschichten, beispielsweise mit 2 bis 7 g/m2 Nocolok, 1 bis 12 g/m2 KZnF3, 1 bis 5 g/m2 Zink, 0,1 bis 5 g/m2 Lithiumkryolith oder mit anderen bekannten Lot/Flussmittelmischungen.The new hollow profiles can be coated in the same way as known heat exchanger profiles with a solder / flux mixture, for example with 2 to 7 g / m 2 Nocolok, 1 to 12 g / m 2 KZnF3, 1 to 5 g / m 2 zinc, 0 , 1 to 5 g / m 2 of lithium cryolite or with other known solder / flux mixtures.
Der Vorteil der neuen Hohlprofile für Wärmetauscher besteht darin, dass ein solcher Wärmetauscher mit den gekrümmten oder gebogenen Hohlprofilen keine Flächen zur Ablagerung von Schmutz bietet. Damit lassen sich solche Wärmetauscher aus Aluminiummaterialien auch für Klimaanlagen von Hotels, die sich auf den Dächern befinden, also Umweltbelastungen, wie Staub, ausgesetzt sind, einsetzen. Auf den schrägen oder gebogenen Flächen des Hohlprofils wird anhaftender Staub schnell durch Wind oder Regen entfernt. Damit bewirkt die neue Profilform eine Selbstreinigung. Des Weiteren hat sich vorteilhafterweise herausgestellt, dass sich der Wirkungsgrad eines solchen Wärmetauschers erhöht, da das gasförmige Medium, welches im Querstrom den Wärmetauscher durchströmt, durch die gebogene oder gekrümmte Form der Hohlprofile zusätzlich abgelenkt wird. Ein weiterer Vorteil der neuen Hohlprofile besteht darin, dass sich die zwischen den Hohlprofilen angeordneten Lamellen auch bei einer unwirksamen Lötverbindung nicht aus dem Wärmetauscher herauslösen können, da ein zusätzlicher Formschluss neben der wirksamen Lötverbindung vorliegt. Bei bekannten Wärmerauschern, insbesondere bei nichtstationären Klimaanlagen, hat sich gezeigt, dass bei nicht wirksamer Lötverbindung ein Herauslösen der Lamellen stattfindet.The advantage of the new hollow sections for heat exchangers is that such a heat exchanger with the curved or curved hollow profiles offers no surfaces for the deposition of dirt. This allows such heat exchangers made of aluminum materials for air conditioning systems of hotels that are on the roofs, so are exposed to environmental pollution, such as dust. On the sloping or curved surfaces of the hollow profile adhering dust is quickly removed by wind or rain. Thus, the new profile shape causes a self-cleaning. Furthermore, it has been found advantageous that the efficiency of such a heat exchanger increases, since the gaseous medium, which flows through the heat exchanger in the cross-flow, is additionally deflected by the curved or curved shape of the hollow profiles. Another advantage of new hollow sections is that the lamellae arranged between the hollow sections can not escape from the heat exchanger even with an ineffective solder joint, since an additional form-fit is present in addition to the effective solder joint. In known heat exchangers, especially in non-stationary air conditioning systems, it has been shown that in the case of non-effective soldering a leaching of the slats takes place.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und der Zeichnung beschrieben. Die Zeichnung zeigt:
- Fig.1
- ein erfindungsgemäßes gebogenes Hohlprofil im Querschnitt,
- Fig.2
- ein erfindungsgemäßes abgewinkeltes Hohlprofil im Querschnitt,
- Fig.3
- ein weiteres erfindungsgemäßes abgewinkeltes Hohlprofil im Querschnitt,
- Fig.4
- ein weiteres abgebogenes Hohlprofil im Querschnitt,
- Fig.5
- ein weiteres erfindungsgemäßes Hohlprofil im Querschnitt,
- Fig.6
- ein Wärmetauscher gemäß dem Stand der Technik,
- Fig.7
- ein Ausschnitt aus dem Wärmetauscher gemäß
Fig.6 , - Fig.8
- einen Querschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauscher und
- Fig.9
- einen Querschnitt durch einen weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauscher.
- Fig.1
- an inventive curved hollow profile in cross section,
- Fig.2
- an inventive angled hollow profile in cross section,
- Figure 3
- another inventive angled hollow profile in cross section,
- Figure 4
- another bent hollow profile in cross section,
- Figure 5
- another inventive hollow profile in cross section,
- Figure 6
- a heat exchanger according to the prior art,
- Figure 7
- a section of the heat exchanger according to
Figure 6 . - Figure 8
- a cross section through a heat exchanger according to the invention and
- Figure 9
- a cross section through another heat exchanger according to the invention.
In der
In der
Um eine Abkantung oder Abbiegung zu erleichtern, besitzt das Flachprofil 10' gemäß
Die Beispiele gemäß
Die zur Bildung des erfindungsgemäßen Hohlprofils verwendeten Flachprofilen 10' in den
Alle vorbeschriebenen Grundprofile 10 in den
Auch andere Herstellungsverfahren sind möglich, wie beispielsweise Rollformen eines Aluminiumblechs zu einem offenen Mehrkammerprofil und Verbinden der Längsränder dieses vorgeformten Profils durch Laserschweißen.Other manufacturing methods are possible, such as roll forming an aluminum sheet into an open multi-chamber profile and joining the longitudinal edges of this preformed profile by laser welding.
Der besondere Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Hohlprofils besteht darin, dass ein Wärmetauscher mit diesen Hohlprofilen auch für die Gebäudeklimatisierung verwendet werden kann, da er hohen Umweltbelastungen standhält. Betrachtet man einen bekannten Wärmetauscher 23', wie er in
Vergleicht man den Querschnitt eines solchen bekannten Wärmetauschers 23', gezeigt in
Ein ähnlicher Reinigungseffekt lässt sich mit einem Wärmetauscher 23", im Querschnitt in
Bei einem Wärmetauscher 23 gemäß
Die in den Figuren gezeigten Ausführungen der Erfindung sind nur Beispiele. Die Erfindung ist nicht auf diese Beispiele beschränkt.The embodiments of the invention shown in the figures are only examples. The invention is not limited to these examples.
- 10'10 '
- 10 Grundprofil Flachprofil10 basic profile flat profile
- 20, 20', 20"20, 20 ', 20 "
- Lamellelamella
- 21'21 '
- Sammelrohrmanifold
- 22'22 '
- Sammelrohrmanifold
- 23.23'.23"23.23'.23 "
- Wärmetauscherheat exchangers
- 24'24 '
- LamellentalLamellental
- 25"25 "
- Umgriffthrowing
- 3030
- Kanalchannel
- 3 13 1
- Breitseitebroadside
- 3232
- Breitseitebroadside
- 3333
- Schmalseitenarrow side
- 3434
- Schmalseitenarrow side
- 3535
- Oberseitetop
- 3636
- Unterseitebottom
- 3737
- Gipfelsummit
- 3838
- Kanalwandchannel wall
- 3939
- Nutgroove
- 39'39 '
- Nutgroove
- 4040
- VerbundstegThe web
- 4141
- Kühlrippencooling fins
- BB
- Breite von 10Width of 10
- L 1L 1
- Längsausdehnung von 31Longitudinal extent of 31
- MM
- Mittelachsecentral axis
Claims (15)
bestehend aus einem flachen Grundprofil (10) mit einer Außenwand aus zwei Breitseiten (31, 32), welche einerseits die Oberseite (35) und andererseits die Unterseite (36) des Grundprofils (10) bilden sowie aus zwei Schmalseiten (33, 34), welche die seitliche Begrenzung des Grundprofils (10) darstellen,
wobei die Außenwand mindestens einen in Längsrichtung des Grundprofils (10) verlaufenden Kanal (30) für ein Wärmeaustauschmedium nach außen begrenzt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
zumindest die obere Breitseite (31) so ausgebildet ist, dass sich eine konvex nach oben ausgeformte Oberseite (35) ergibt und
die Breite (B) des Grundprofils (10) kleiner ist als die Längsausdehnung (L1) der oberen Breitseite (31) in Querrichtung des Grundprofils (10).Hollow profile for heat exchangers, in particular of aluminum or an aluminum alloy,
consisting of a flat base profile (10) with an outer wall of two broad sides (31, 32) which on the one hand form the upper side (35) and on the other hand the underside (36) of the base profile (10) and two narrow sides (33, 34), which represent the lateral boundary of the basic profile (10),
wherein the outer wall defines at least one outwardly of the base profile (10) extending channel (30) for a heat exchange medium to the outside,
characterized in that
at least the upper broad side (31) is formed so as to give a convex upwardly shaped upper side (35) and
the width (B) of the base profile (10) is smaller than the longitudinal extent (L1) of the upper broad side (31) in the transverse direction of the base profile (10).
wobei die Außenwand mehrere in Längsrichtung des Grundprofils (10) verlaufende Kanäle für ein Wärmeaustauschmedium nach außen begrenzt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Hohlprofile so geformt oder so im Wärmetauscher (23, 23") angeordnet sind, dass sich im Querschnitt eine Oberseite (35) der Hohlprofile ergibt, die sich ausgehend vom ihrem höchsten Punkt zumindest zu einer Schmalseite der Hohlprofile hin abfällt.Heat exchanger, in particular made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, with flat hollow sections and arranged between the hollow sections slats, wherein the hollow sections an outer wall of two broad sides (31, 32) which on the one hand the top (35) and on the other hand, the bottom (36) of the hollow profile and from two narrow sides (33, 34), which represent the lateral boundary of the hollow profile, and have
wherein the outer wall defines a plurality of outwardly extending channels for a heat exchange medium in the longitudinal direction of the base profile (10),
characterized in that
the hollow profiles are shaped or so in the heat exchanger (23, 23 ") are arranged, that in cross-section an upper side (35) of the hollow profiles results, which decreases starting from its highest point at least to a narrow side of the hollow profiles out.
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DE202010010187U DE202010010187U1 (en) | 2010-07-14 | 2010-07-14 | Hollow profile for heat exchangers |
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DE (1) | DE202010010187U1 (en) |
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DE102013201233A1 (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2014-07-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Heat exchanger for utilizing waste heat of e.g. hot fluid for use with thermoelectric generator, has fluid chambers engaging with walls in cut portion such that flow of fluid is consecutively meandered through chambers |
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WO2002016834A2 (en) * | 2000-08-21 | 2002-02-28 | Engineered Dynamics Corporation | Heat exchanger assembly and a method for efficiently transferring heat |
DE10115513A1 (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2002-10-10 | Behr Gmbh & Co | Heat exchanger |
JP2004092942A (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2004-03-25 | Denso Corp | Heat exchanger |
DE102008020230A1 (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2008-10-30 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Heat exchanger for vehicle combustion engine coolant radiator has exchanger tube wall perpendicular to longitudinal direction with zigzag profile and/or zigzag flow cross-section for first medium; cross-section can also have interruptions |
DE102007023361A1 (en) * | 2007-05-18 | 2008-11-20 | Modine Manufacturing Co., Racine | Heat exchanger core, manufacturing process, roller mill |
US20100115771A1 (en) * | 2008-11-10 | 2010-05-13 | Mark Johnson | Heat exchanger, heat exchanger tubes and method |
-
2010
- 2010-07-14 DE DE202010010187U patent/DE202010010187U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2011
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