EP2403622A1 - Dispersion that can be precipitated photocatalytically - Google Patents

Dispersion that can be precipitated photocatalytically

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Publication number
EP2403622A1
EP2403622A1 EP10707205A EP10707205A EP2403622A1 EP 2403622 A1 EP2403622 A1 EP 2403622A1 EP 10707205 A EP10707205 A EP 10707205A EP 10707205 A EP10707205 A EP 10707205A EP 2403622 A1 EP2403622 A1 EP 2403622A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dispersion
surfactant
dispersed
photocatalyst
photocatalytically
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP10707205A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Stephan Peter Bloess
Lothar Elfenthal
Karsten Loehr
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Kronos International Inc
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Kronos International Inc
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2403622A1 publication Critical patent/EP2403622A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/01—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation using flocculating agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/301—Detergents, surfactants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to a process for the deposition of surface-active dispersions by means of photocatalysis and to correspondingly composed dispersions.
  • Dispersions are heterogeneous mixtures of at least two different substances: the dispersed substance and the dispersion medium, which are mixed together.
  • surfactant dispersion is meant here a heterogeneous mixture which additionally contains a surfactant.
  • dispersions depending on the state of matter of the substances involved, a distinction is made between suspensions, with solid dispersed matter in liquid dispersion medium, or with emulsions, with liquid dispersed matter in liquid dispersion medium, or with gaseous dispersed matter in liquid dispersion medium.
  • solid dispersion medium solid mixtures - or gaseous dispersant - aerosols - which mix but usually without surfactant auxiliaries.
  • Surfactants are active agents which mediate between different surface properties and thereby support the mixture formation of heterogeneous substances. Basically, a distinction is made in the surface properties between polar - hydrophilic substances and nonpolar - hydrophobic substances.
  • the individual molecules of a surfactant have a polar and a nonpolar end and thus mediate between these different properties by aligning themselves in a molecular intermediate layer. Furthermore, there is a specific surface tension for each substance, with which the molecular binding forces per unit area are recorded.
  • surfactants can mediate between different substances due to a suitable surface tension.
  • surfactants are also referred to as "wetting agents” in the case of suspensions, as “emulsifiers” in the case of emulsions, and as “foaming agents” in foams, as a rule surfactants consist of relatively long-chain carbon-containing molecules Surfactant molecule is differentiated between anionic surfactants (with negatively charged end groups), cationic surfactants (with positively charged end groups), nonionic surfactants (with uncharged end groups), or amphoteric surfactants (with dipolar end groups.) This hydrophilic end group is linked by a chain of hydrocarbons each hydrophobic end group connected.
  • Photocatalysts are semiconductors in which the electromagnetic radiation of the light in the visible or non-visible spectrum leads to an electronically excited state.
  • the excited electrons in turn are the cause of a chemical reaction at the surface of the photocatalyst.
  • the resulting photocatalytic reaction finds use, for example, in photography, in the purification of waste water and air, or in energy conversion by photosynthesis, in photovoltaics or in photolysis.
  • the deposition of dispersions is understood to be a process of substance separation in which separation of the substances involved leads to deposition of the dispersed substances.
  • separations can be caused for example by mechanical force effects.
  • gravity or centrifugal force leads to sedimentation of the dispersed substances.
  • Dispersed material particles are also deposited under mechanical force due to their size, for example by means of sieves, filters or membranes, or due to their mobility, for example by means of fluid beds and classifiers.
  • the force effect of electric or magnetic fields can be used to deposit dispersed substances, for example by electrolysis, magnetic or eddy current divorce.
  • Methods of chemical separation include, for example, precipitation, extraction or distillation whereby either the dispersed or dispersant is removed from the mixture.
  • the deposition of dispersed substances from surface-active dispersions can also be effected by a reaction with the surfactant, in which the surfactant is decomposed or at least loses its mixing function.
  • the surfactant may also be modified or decomposed by an added reactant or by a thermal reaction so that the dispersed Material segregates and separates.
  • care must be taken to ensure that the added substances and reactions do not change the properties of the deposited substances.
  • the aqueous dispersion Teflon PTFE 3OB from DuPont is used to hydrophobicize textile or porous substrates and thus to keep them dry.
  • the substrate is coated with the dispersion and then the dispersed particles are precipitated from the dispersion.
  • this is done by evaporation of the dispersant water at about 120 0 C and subsequent thermal decomposition of the surfactant at about 290 0 C.
  • This significantly limits the use of the dispersion on temperature-sensitive substrates.
  • a better deactivation of the surfactant is needed, which takes place only above 360 0 C. At this temperature, however, already start the dispersed Teflon particles to decompose. Therefore, despite a complex process and temperature control, this deposition is associated with some limitations in terms of hydrophobing.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for depositing a dispersed substance from a surfactant dispersion, which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the object is achieved by a method for depositing a dispersed substance from a surfactant dispersion by decomposition of the surfactant, wherein the dispersion contains at least one dispersant, at least one dispersed substance, at least one surfactant and at least one photocatalyst, characterized in that the surfactant by photocatalytic Irradiation with electromagnetic waves or photons is decomposed.
  • the object is further achieved by a photocatalytically depositable dispersion, characterized in that at least one dispersing agent, at least one surfactant, at least one photocatalyst and as dispersed material polyfluoroethylene (PTFE) or latex is contained.
  • a photocatalytically depositable dispersion characterized in that at least one dispersing agent, at least one surfactant, at least one photocatalyst and as dispersed material polyfluoroethylene (PTFE) or latex is contained.
  • the photocatalytically depositable dispersion is characterized in that it contains several functional mixture components.
  • a mixture component may in turn consist of one or more substances having the same function.
  • the functional mixture components are in detail
  • At least one dispersed substance At least one dispersed substance
  • At least one surfactant At least one surfactant
  • the method for depositing the photocatalytically depositable dispersion is based on the technical irradiation with suitable electromagnetic waves or photons. It is known that photocatalysts when irradiated with suitable electromagnetic waves or photons lead to chemical reactions.
  • the surfactant is decomposed.
  • “decomposition” of the surfactant also includes a modification of the surfactant to the extent that the surfactant effect is removed, which in turn results in the dispersion of the dispersed substance from the dispersion.
  • the photocatalyst is a titania-based drug. It is known that arise in the semiconductor titanium dioxide in the anatase and rutile modifications under irradiation of UV light electron-hole pairs, which migrate to the surface and generate highly reactive radicals there.
  • titanium dioxide can be modified so that the photocatalytic effect also occurs when exposed to visible light in the spectral range of about 400 to 700 nm wavelength. This modification takes place, for example, by doping the semiconductor with metal ions such as chromium, iron or manganese, or with nitrogen, with sulfur or with carbon.
  • the surfactant is radically decomposed or modified so that the surfactant effect is repealed.
  • the dispersant is water or a water-containing liquid. It is known that photocatalysts based on titanium dioxide lead to the formation of hydroxyl radicals by excitations with photons of ultraviolet (UV) light or visible light in an aqueous environment. These hydroxyl radicals in turn react intensively with other constituents of the
  • the hydroxyl radical then decomposes or modifies the surfactant so that the surface-active effect is abolished. This in turn has the consequence that the dispersed substance separates from the dispersion.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • latex As a dispersed substance in particular PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) or latex is suitable.
  • PFT perfluorinated surfactants
  • 300 mg of the commercial titanium dioxide photocatalyst KRONOS vlp 7000 is dissolved in 100 ml of a 0.0039 mol% commercial Triton X 102 solution (octylphenol ethoxylate) from DOW containing 39 ppm Triton X 102, corresponding to 26 ppm total carbon content (TOC). by Ultra-Turrax at 9500 rev / min for 1 min dispersed. This suspension thus prepared is then irradiated by UV lamp (spectrum Figure 1) at a distance of 8 cm for 0, 150, 300 and 450 minutes.
  • UV lamp spectrum Figure 1
  • the total carbon content of the suspension is determined.
  • the Triton X content of the respective suspension is determined by means of the characteristic bands at 223 nm and 274 nm in the UV absorption spectrum (Table 1).
  • Table 1 shows that the total carbon content as well as the Triton X content decreases with the duration of the exposure.
  • Triton-X 102 solution but without titanium dioxide photocatalyst prepared in the same way and then irradiated by UV lamp in the same way.
  • Table 2 shows that without titanium dioxide photocatalyst the total carbon content as well as the Triton X content does not decrease with the duration of the exposure.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for photocatalytically precipitating a dispersed material from a tenside dispersion. The tenside dispersion comprises at least one dispersing agent, a dispersed material, a tenside, and a photocatalyst. Titanium dioxide is in particular suitable as a photocatalyst that is photoactive in the ultraviolet range and optionally also in the visible spectral range. The dispersing agent is preferably water or an aqueous fluid. Perfluoridated tensides (PFT), among others, are also suitable as a tenside. The method is characterized in that in particular temperature-sensitive materials, such as polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) can be precipitated in a simple manner.

Description

Photokatalytisch abscheidbare Dispersion Photocatalytically depositable dispersion
Gebiet der ErfindungField of the invention
Die Erfindung richtet sich auf ein Verfahren zur Abscheidung aus tensidischen Dispersionen mittels Photokatalyse sowie auf entsprechend zusammengesetzte Dispersionen.The invention is directed to a process for the deposition of surface-active dispersions by means of photocatalysis and to correspondingly composed dispersions.
Technologischer Hintergrund der ErfindungTechnological background of the invention
Dispersionen sind heterogene Gemische aus mindestens zwei verschiedenen Stoffen: dem dispergierten Stoff und dem Dispersionsmittel, welche miteinander vermischt sind. Unter „tensidische Dispersion" soll hier ein heterogenes Gemisch verstanden werden, welches zusätzlich ein Tensid enthält.Dispersions are heterogeneous mixtures of at least two different substances: the dispersed substance and the dispersion medium, which are mixed together. By "surfactant dispersion" is meant here a heterogeneous mixture which additionally contains a surfactant.
Bei Dispersionen unterscheidet man je nach Aggregatzustand der beteiligten Stoffe zwischen Suspensionen, mit festem dispergiertem Stoff in flüssigem Dispersionsmittel, oder Emulsionen, mit flüssigem dispergiertem Stoff in flüssigem Dispersionsmittel, oder Schäumen, mit gasförmigem dispergiertem Stoff in flüssigem Dispersionsmittel. Zwar gibt es auch Dispersionen mit festem Dispersionsmittel - Feststoffgemische - oder gasförmigem Dispersionsmittel - Aerosole -, welche sich aber in der Regel ohne tensidische Hilfsmittel mischen.In the case of dispersions, depending on the state of matter of the substances involved, a distinction is made between suspensions, with solid dispersed matter in liquid dispersion medium, or with emulsions, with liquid dispersed matter in liquid dispersion medium, or with gaseous dispersed matter in liquid dispersion medium. Although there are also dispersions with solid dispersion medium - solid mixtures - or gaseous dispersant - aerosols - which mix but usually without surfactant auxiliaries.
Tenside sind Wirkstoffe, welche zwischen unterschiedlichen Oberflächeneigenschaften vermitteln und dadurch die Gemischbildung heterogener Stoffe unterstützen. Grundsätzlich unterscheidet man bei den Oberflächeneigenschaften zwischen polaren - hydrophilen - Stoffen und unpolaren - hydrophoben - Stoffen. Die einzelnen Moleküle eines Tensids verfügen über ein polares und ein unpolares Ende und vermitteln somit zwischen diesen verschiedenen Eigenschaften, indem sie sich in einer molekularen Zwischenschicht ausrichten. Weiterhin besteht für jeden Stoff eine spezifische Oberflächenspannung, mit der die molekularen Bindungskräfte pro Flächeneinheit erfasst werden. Auch hier können Tenside aufgrund einer jeweils passenden Oberflächenspannung zwischen verschiedenen Stoffen vermitteln. Je nach Art von Dispersion bezeichnet man Tenside bei Suspensionen auch als „Netzmittel", bei Emulsionen auch als „Emulgatoren", und bei Schäumen auch als „Schaumbildner". In der Regel bestehen Tenside aus längerkettigen kohlenstoffhaltigen Molekülen. Je nach Ausprägung der hydrophilen Endgruppe des Tensidmoleküls wird unterschieden zwischen anionischen Tensiden (mit negativ geladener Endgruppe), kationischen Tensiden (mit positiv geladener Endgruppe), nichtionischen Tensiden (mit ungeladener Endgruppe), oder amphoteren Tensiden (mit dipolarer Endgruppe). Diese hydrophile Endgruppe ist über eine Kette aus Kohlenwasserstoffen mit der jeweils hydrophoben Endgruppe verbunden.Surfactants are active agents which mediate between different surface properties and thereby support the mixture formation of heterogeneous substances. Basically, a distinction is made in the surface properties between polar - hydrophilic substances and nonpolar - hydrophobic substances. The individual molecules of a surfactant have a polar and a nonpolar end and thus mediate between these different properties by aligning themselves in a molecular intermediate layer. Furthermore, there is a specific surface tension for each substance, with which the molecular binding forces per unit area are recorded. Here, too, surfactants can mediate between different substances due to a suitable surface tension. Depending on the type of dispersion, surfactants are also referred to as "wetting agents" in the case of suspensions, as "emulsifiers" in the case of emulsions, and as "foaming agents" in foams, as a rule surfactants consist of relatively long-chain carbon-containing molecules Surfactant molecule is differentiated between anionic surfactants (with negatively charged end groups), cationic surfactants (with positively charged end groups), nonionic surfactants (with uncharged end groups), or amphoteric surfactants (with dipolar end groups.) This hydrophilic end group is linked by a chain of hydrocarbons each hydrophobic end group connected.
Photokatalysatoren sind Halbleiter, bei denen die elektromagnetische Strahlung des Lichts im sichtbaren oder nicht sichtbaren Spektrum zu einem elektronisch angeregten Zustand führt. Die angeregten Elektronen wiederum sind Ursache für eine chemische Reaktion an der Oberfläche des Photokatalysators. Die daraus resultierende photokatalytische Reaktion findet beispielsweise Verwendung in der Photographie, bei der Reinigung von Abwasser und Luft, oder bei der Energieumwandlung durch Photosynthese, bei der Photovoltaik oder bei der Photolyse.Photocatalysts are semiconductors in which the electromagnetic radiation of the light in the visible or non-visible spectrum leads to an electronically excited state. The excited electrons in turn are the cause of a chemical reaction at the surface of the photocatalyst. The resulting photocatalytic reaction finds use, for example, in photography, in the purification of waste water and air, or in energy conversion by photosynthesis, in photovoltaics or in photolysis.
Unter der Abscheidung von Dispersionen versteht man ein Verfahren der Stofftrennung, bei der eine Entmischung der beteiligten Stoffe zu einer Ablagerung der dispergierten Stoffe führt. Solche Stofftrennungen können beispielsweise durch mechanische Kraftwirkungen verursacht werden. So führt die Schwerkraft oder die Zentrifugalkraft zu einer Sedimentation der dispergierten Stoffe. Dispergierte Stoffpartikel werden unter mechanischer Kraftwirkung auch abgeschieden aufgrund ihrer Größe, beispielsweise mittels Sieben, Filtern oder Membranen, oder aufgrund ihrer Beweglichkeit, beispielsweise mittels Fließbetten und Sichtern. Weiterhin kann die Kraftwirkung von elektrischen oder magnetischen Feldern genutzt werden, um dispergierte Stoffe abzuscheiden, beispielsweise durch Elektrolyse, Magnet- oder Wirbelstrom-Scheidung. Verfahren der chemischen Stofftrennung sind beispielsweise die Fällung, die Extraktion oder die Destillation, wobei entweder der dispergierte Stoff oder das Dispersionsmittel aus dem Gemisch entfernt wird.The deposition of dispersions is understood to be a process of substance separation in which separation of the substances involved leads to deposition of the dispersed substances. Such separations can be caused for example by mechanical force effects. Thus, gravity or centrifugal force leads to sedimentation of the dispersed substances. Dispersed material particles are also deposited under mechanical force due to their size, for example by means of sieves, filters or membranes, or due to their mobility, for example by means of fluid beds and classifiers. Furthermore, the force effect of electric or magnetic fields can be used to deposit dispersed substances, for example by electrolysis, magnetic or eddy current divorce. Methods of chemical separation include, for example, precipitation, extraction or distillation whereby either the dispersed or dispersant is removed from the mixture.
Die Abscheidung dispergierter Stoffe aus tensidischen Dispersionen kann zudem durch eine Reaktion mit dem Tensid erfolgen, bei dem das Tensid zersetzt wird oder zumindest seine mischende Funktion verliert. Beispielsweise kann ein weiterer Stoff zugesetzt werden, welcher das Tensid stärker bindet als der dispergierte Stoff, wodurch letzterer sich entmischt und abscheidet. Das Tensid kann auch durch ein zugesetztes Reaktionsmittel oder durch eine thermische Reaktion modifiziert oder zersetzt werden, so dass sich der dispergierte Stoff entmischt und abscheidet. Allerdings ist dabei jeweils Sorge zu tragen, dass die zugesetzten Stoffe und Reaktionen nicht auch die Eigenschaften der abgeschiedenen Stoffe verändern.The deposition of dispersed substances from surface-active dispersions can also be effected by a reaction with the surfactant, in which the surfactant is decomposed or at least loses its mixing function. For example, another substance may be added which binds the surfactant more strongly than the dispersed material, thereby segregating and separating the surfactant. The surfactant may also be modified or decomposed by an added reactant or by a thermal reaction so that the dispersed Material segregates and separates. However, care must be taken to ensure that the added substances and reactions do not change the properties of the deposited substances.
Beispielsweise wird die wässrige Dispersion Teflon PTFE 3OB der Firma DuPont dazu verwendet, textile oder poröse Substrate zu hydrophobieren und somit trocken zu halten. Dazu wird das Substrat mit der Dispersion beschichtet und anschließend die dispergierten Partikel aus der Dispersion abgeschieden. Laut Angaben des Herstellers erfolgt dies über Verdampfen des Dispersionsmittels Wasser bei etwa 1200C und anschließender thermischer Zersetzung des Tensids bei etwa 2900C. Dadurch ist der Einsatz der Dispersion auf temperatursensiblen Substraten erheblich eingeschränkt. Außerdem wird für manche Anwendung eine bessere Deaktivierung des Tensids benötigt, welche erst oberhalb von 3600C stattfindet. Bei dieser Temperatur beginnen sich aber auch bereits die dispergierten Teflon-Partikel zu zersetzen. Daher ist diese Abscheidung, trotz einer aufwendigen Prozess- und Temperatursteuerung, mit einigen Einschränkungen bezüglich der Hydrophobierung verbunden.For example, the aqueous dispersion Teflon PTFE 3OB from DuPont is used to hydrophobicize textile or porous substrates and thus to keep them dry. For this purpose, the substrate is coated with the dispersion and then the dispersed particles are precipitated from the dispersion. According to the manufacturer, this is done by evaporation of the dispersant water at about 120 0 C and subsequent thermal decomposition of the surfactant at about 290 0 C. This significantly limits the use of the dispersion on temperature-sensitive substrates. In addition, for some applications, a better deactivation of the surfactant is needed, which takes place only above 360 0 C. At this temperature, however, already start the dispersed Teflon particles to decompose. Therefore, despite a complex process and temperature control, this deposition is associated with some limitations in terms of hydrophobing.
Aufgabenstellungtask
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Abscheiden eines dispergierten Stoffes aus einer tensidischen Dispersion anzugeben, das die Nachteile des Stands der Technik überwindet.The invention has for its object to provide a method for depositing a dispersed substance from a surfactant dispersion, which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Abscheidung eines dispergierten Stoffes aus einer tensidischen Dispersion durch Zersetzung des Tensids, wobei die Dispersion mindestens ein Dispersionsmittel, mindestens einen dispergierten Stoff, mindestens ein Tensid und mindestens einen Photokatalysator enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Tensid photokatalytisch durch Bestrahlung mit elektromagnetischen Wellen oder Photonen zersetzt wird.The object is achieved by a method for depositing a dispersed substance from a surfactant dispersion by decomposition of the surfactant, wherein the dispersion contains at least one dispersant, at least one dispersed substance, at least one surfactant and at least one photocatalyst, characterized in that the surfactant by photocatalytic Irradiation with electromagnetic waves or photons is decomposed.
Die Aufgabe wird des Weiteren gelöst durch eine photokatalytisch abscheidbare Dispersion dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Dispersionsmittel, mindestens ein Tensid, mindestens ein Photokatalysator und als dispergierter Stoff Polyfluorethylen (PTFE) oder Latex enthalten ist. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.The object is further achieved by a photocatalytically depositable dispersion, characterized in that at least one dispersing agent, at least one surfactant, at least one photocatalyst and as dispersed material polyfluoroethylene (PTFE) or latex is contained. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the subclaims.
Beschreibung der ErfindungDescription of the invention
Die photokatalytisch abscheidbare Dispersion zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass sie mehrere funktionelle Gemischkomponenten enthält. Eine Gemischkomponente kann dabei selbst wiederum aus einem oder mehreren Stoffen mit gleicher Funktion bestehen. Bei den funktionellen Gemischkomponenten handelt es sich im Einzelnen umThe photocatalytically depositable dispersion is characterized in that it contains several functional mixture components. A mixture component may in turn consist of one or more substances having the same function. The functional mixture components are in detail
• mindestens einen dispergierten Stoff,At least one dispersed substance,
• mindestens ein Tensid,At least one surfactant,
• mindestens ein Dispersionsmittel• at least one dispersant
• und mindestens einen Photokatalysator.• and at least one photocatalyst.
Das Verfahren zur Abscheidung der photokatalytisch abscheidbaren Dispersion basiert auf der technischen Bestrahlung mit geeignetenelektromagnetischen Wellen oder Photonen. Es ist bekannt, dass Photokatalysatoren bei Bestrahlung mit geeigneten elektromagnetischen Wellen oder Photonen zu chemischen Reaktionen führen. Erfindungsgemäß wird das Tensid dabei zersetzt. In diesem Zusammenhang umfasst „Zersetzung" des Tensids auch eine Modifikation des Tensids insoweit, dass die tensidische Wirkung aufgehoben ist. Dies wiederum hat zur Folge, dass sich der dispergierte Stoff aus der Dispersion abscheidet.The method for depositing the photocatalytically depositable dispersion is based on the technical irradiation with suitable electromagnetic waves or photons. It is known that photocatalysts when irradiated with suitable electromagnetic waves or photons lead to chemical reactions. According to the invention, the surfactant is decomposed. In this context, "decomposition" of the surfactant also includes a modification of the surfactant to the extent that the surfactant effect is removed, which in turn results in the dispersion of the dispersed substance from the dispersion.
In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung handelt es sich bei dem Photokatalysator um einen Wirkstoff auf der Basis von Titandioxid. Es ist bekannt, dass bei dem Halbleiter Titandioxid in den Modifikationen Anatas und Rutil unter Bestrahlung von UV-Licht Elektron-Loch-Paare entstehen, welche zur Oberfläche wandern und dort hoch reaktive Radikale erzeugen. Darüber hinaus kann Titandioxid so modifiziert werden, dass der photokatalytische Effekt auch bei Einwirkung von sichtbarem Licht im Spektralbereich von etwa 400 bis 700 nm Wellenlänge auftritt. Diese Modifizierung erfolgt beispielsweise durch eine Dotierung des Halbleiters mit Metallionen wie Chrom, Eisen oder Mangan, oder mit Stickstoff, mit Schwefel oder mit Kohlenstoff. Erfindungsgemäß wird dadurch das Tensid radikalisch zersetzt oder soweit modifiziert, dass die tensidische Wirkung aufgehoben ist. Dies wiederum hat zur Folge, dass sich der dispergierte Stoff aus der Dispersion abscheidet. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung handelt es sich bei dem Dispersionsmittel um Wasser oder um eine wasserhaltige Flüssigkeit. Es ist bekannt, dass Photokatalysatoren auf Basis von Titandioxid durch Anregungen mit Photonen aus ultraviolettem (UV-) Licht oder sichtbarem Licht in wässriger Umgebung zur Bildung von Hydroxyl-Radikalen führen. Diese Hydroxyl-Radikale wiederum reagieren intensiv mit anderen Bestandteilen derIn one embodiment of the invention, the photocatalyst is a titania-based drug. It is known that arise in the semiconductor titanium dioxide in the anatase and rutile modifications under irradiation of UV light electron-hole pairs, which migrate to the surface and generate highly reactive radicals there. In addition, titanium dioxide can be modified so that the photocatalytic effect also occurs when exposed to visible light in the spectral range of about 400 to 700 nm wavelength. This modification takes place, for example, by doping the semiconductor with metal ions such as chromium, iron or manganese, or with nitrogen, with sulfur or with carbon. According to the invention, the surfactant is radically decomposed or modified so that the surfactant effect is repealed. This in turn has the consequence that the dispersed substance separates from the dispersion. In a further embodiment of the invention, the dispersant is water or a water-containing liquid. It is known that photocatalysts based on titanium dioxide lead to the formation of hydroxyl radicals by excitations with photons of ultraviolet (UV) light or visible light in an aqueous environment. These hydroxyl radicals in turn react intensively with other constituents of the
Umgebung. Erfindungsgemäß wird dann durch die Hydroxyl-Radikale das Tensid zersetzt oder soweit modifiziert, dass die tensidische Wirkung aufgehoben ist. Dies wiederum hat zur Folge, dass sich der dispergierte Stoff aus der Dispersion abscheidet.Surroundings. According to the invention, the hydroxyl radical then decomposes or modifies the surfactant so that the surface-active effect is abolished. This in turn has the consequence that the dispersed substance separates from the dispersion.
Als dispergierter Stoff ist insbesondere PTFE (Polytetrafluorethylen) oder Latex geeignet. Als Tensid sind erfahrungsgemäß im Prinzip alle Tenside geeignet, die die Gemischbildung des jeweiligen dispergierten Stoffs und des jeweiligen Dispersionsmittels unterstützen. Insbesondere sind perfluorierte Tenside (PFT) geeignet.As a dispersed substance in particular PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) or latex is suitable. As a surfactant, experience has shown that in principle all surfactants which promote the mixture formation of the respective dispersed substance and of the particular dispersant are suitable. In particular, perfluorinated surfactants (PFT) are suitable.
AusführunqsbeispielWorking Example
Die Erfindung wird anhand des folgenden Beispiels genauer erläutert, ohne dass damit eine Einschränkung der Erfindung beabsichtigt ist.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following example, without any intention to limit the invention.
300 mg des kommerziellen Titandioxid-Photokatalysators KRONOS vlp 7000 wird in 100 ml einer 0,0039 Mol-%igen kommerziellen Triton-X 102 Lösung (Octylphenolethoxylat) von DOW enthaltend 39 ppm Triton-X 102, entsprechend 26 ppm Gesamt-Kohlenstoffgehalt (TOC) mittels Ultra-Turrax bei 9500 U/min für 1 min dispergiert. Diese so präparierte Suspension wird anschließend mittels UV-Lampe (Spektrum Figur 1) im Abstand von 8 cm für jeweils 0, 150, 300 und 450 Minuten bestrahlt.300 mg of the commercial titanium dioxide photocatalyst KRONOS vlp 7000 is dissolved in 100 ml of a 0.0039 mol% commercial Triton X 102 solution (octylphenol ethoxylate) from DOW containing 39 ppm Triton X 102, corresponding to 26 ppm total carbon content (TOC). by Ultra-Turrax at 9500 rev / min for 1 min dispersed. This suspension thus prepared is then irradiated by UV lamp (spectrum Figure 1) at a distance of 8 cm for 0, 150, 300 and 450 minutes.
Nach der jeweiligen Bestrahlung wird der Gesamt-Kohlenstoffgehalt der Suspension bestimmt. Darüber hinaus wird der Triton-X-Gehalt der jeweiligen Suspension an Hand der charakteristischen Banden bei 223 nm und 274 nm im UV-Absorptionsspektrum bestimmt (Tab. 1 ).After the respective irradiation, the total carbon content of the suspension is determined. In addition, the Triton X content of the respective suspension is determined by means of the characteristic bands at 223 nm and 274 nm in the UV absorption spectrum (Table 1).
Tabelle 1 zeigt, dass der Gesamt-Kohlenstoff-Gehalt wie auch der Triton-X-Gehalt mit der Dauer der Belichtung abnimmt.Table 1 shows that the total carbon content as well as the Triton X content decreases with the duration of the exposure.
Parallel wird eine Triton-X 102 Lösung, jedoch ohne Titandioxid-Photokatalysator in gleicher Weise präpariert und anschließend mittels UV-Lampe in gleicher weise bestrahlt.In parallel, a Triton-X 102 solution, but without titanium dioxide photocatalyst prepared in the same way and then irradiated by UV lamp in the same way.
Nach der jeweiligen Bestrahlung wird der Gesamt-Kohlenstoffgehalt und der Triton-X-Gehalt der jeweiligen Lösung an Hand der charakteristischen Banden bei 223 nm und 274 nm im UV-Absorptionsspektrum bestimmt (Tab. 2).After the respective irradiation, the total carbon content and the Triton X content become of the respective solution based on the characteristic bands at 223 nm and 274 nm in the UV absorption spectrum (Table 2).
Tabelle 2 zeigt, dass ohne Titandioxid-Photokatalysator der Gesamt-Kohlenstoffgehalt, wie auch der Triton-X-Gehalt mit der Dauer der Belichtung nicht abnimmt.Table 2 shows that without titanium dioxide photocatalyst the total carbon content as well as the Triton X content does not decrease with the duration of the exposure.
Tabelle 1 : Abbau von Triton-X 102 in Anwesenheit von KRONOS vlp 7000 bei Bestrahlung mit UV-LichtTable 1: Degradation of Triton-X 102 in the presence of KRONOS vlp 7000 when irradiated with UV light
Tabelle 2: Kein Abbau von Triton-X 102 bei Bestrahlung mit UV-LichtTable 2: No degradation of Triton-X 102 upon irradiation with UV light
(ohne KRONOS vlp 7000)(without KRONOS vlp 7000)

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1. Verfahren zur Abscheidung eines dispergierten Stoffes aus einer tensidischen Dispersion durch Zersetzung des Tensids, wobei die Dispersion mindestens ein Dispersionsmittel, mindestens einen dispergierten Stoff, mindestens ein Tensid und mindestens einen Photokatalysator enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Tensid photokatalytisch durch Bestrahlung mit elektromagnetischen Wellen oder Photonen zersetzt wird.1. A method for depositing a dispersed substance from a surfactant dispersion by decomposition of the surfactant, wherein the dispersion contains at least one dispersant, at least one dispersed substance, at least one surfactant and at least one photocatalyst, characterized in that the surfactant photocatalytically by irradiation with electromagnetic waves or photons is decomposed.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der dispergierte Stoff Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE) oder Latex ist.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the dispersed material is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or latex.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Photokatalysator Titandioxid eingesetzt wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that is used as the photocatalyst titanium dioxide.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Bestrahlung UV-Licht und/oder sichtbares Licht eingesetzt wird.4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that for the irradiation of UV light and / or visible light is used.
5. Photokatalytisch abscheidbare Dispersion dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Dispersionsmittel, mindestens ein Tensid, mindestens ein Photokatalysator und als dispergierter Stoff Polyfluorethylen (PTFE) oder5. photocatalytically depositable dispersion, characterized in that at least one dispersant, at least one surfactant, at least one photocatalyst and as a dispersed substance polyfluoroethylene (PTFE) or
Latex enthalten ist.Latex is included.
6. Photokatalytische abscheidbare Dispersion nach Anspruch 5 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Photokatalysator Titandioxid eingesetzt ist.6. Photocatalytic depositable dispersion according to claim 5, characterized in that titanium dioxide is used as the photocatalyst.
7. Photokatalytische abscheidbare Dispersion nach Anspruch 5 oder 6 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Dispersionsmittel Wasser oder eine wasserhaltige Flüssigkeit eingesetzt ist. 7. Photocatalytic depositable dispersion according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that is used as the dispersant water or an aqueous liquid.
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