EP2402970B1 - Arc chamber for a medium- or high-voltage circuit breaker with reduced operating energy and dimensions - Google Patents

Arc chamber for a medium- or high-voltage circuit breaker with reduced operating energy and dimensions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2402970B1
EP2402970B1 EP11172008.2A EP11172008A EP2402970B1 EP 2402970 B1 EP2402970 B1 EP 2402970B1 EP 11172008 A EP11172008 A EP 11172008A EP 2402970 B1 EP2402970 B1 EP 2402970B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arc
contact
movable
chamber
blowing
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Active
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EP11172008.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2402970A1 (en
Inventor
Sébastien Silvant
Denis Dufournet
Assen Vassilev
Christophe Creusot
Johannes Blatter
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H2033/028—Details the cooperating contacts being both actuated simultaneously in opposite directions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H2033/907—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism using tandem pistons, e.g. several compression volumes being modified in conjunction or sequential
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H2033/908—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism using valves for regulating communication between, e.g. arc space, hot volume, compression volume, surrounding volume

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a breaking chamber for use in a medium or high voltage circuit breaker typically in the range of 7.2 kV to 800 kV.
  • high voltage circuit breaker includes circuit breakers that can be classified in the ultra-high voltage category, i-e beyond 550 kV.
  • the design must be provided so that the opening and closing maneuvers of the three-pole circuit breaker can be realized. only by the operation of a low energy mechanism control, usually a spring latch mechanism which is located outside the interrupt chambers.
  • the patent FR 2,435,118 describes a solution which consists in integrating a coil spring 20 inside the interrupting chamber, which is compressed during a closing operation by the external control and whose function is to compress the arc-blowing gas present in a blowing volume during an opening maneuver.
  • the helical spring 20 bearing against the blowing piston 15 formed integrally and around an arcing contact 18 is compressed during the closing operation by the other arc contact 21 connected to the control.
  • the helical spring 20 expands and thus compresses the gas present in the blast volume 30.
  • the pressure in this volume 30 is further increased by the heating of the gas from the arc energy 25.
  • the patent EP 0 441 292 discloses a solution similar to the previous one and which furthermore consists of the short-circuit operation illustrated in FIGS. Figures 3 and 4 to realize a double flow of blowing from the volumes V1 and V4 in parallel towards the arc contact 4A and through the nozzle 16.
  • the volume V1 increases during the breaking of high currents and as a result the overpressure generated for the cut is decreased.
  • Another disadvantage is that the two arcing contacts 4A, 7A may repel each other when breaking high short-circuit currents if the force of the spring 13 is not sufficient.
  • the blows in parallel from each other respectively volumes V1, V4 tend to interfere with each other.
  • the short circuit currents to be cut for the circuit breaker according to this application FR 2683382 were at most equal to 25 kA, which resulted in pressures in the thermal expansion volume of up to ten bars. Even by oversizing the compression spring 13 with necessarily an oversize of the external control, such a circuit breaker could not be considered currently because the short-circuit currents to be cut are even higher (up to 63kA) with pressures generated up to at 70 bars. It is also not certain that a compression spring 13 oversized to the extreme does not withstand these pressures. In other words, the solutions according to the patent EP 0 441 292 and the demand FR 2683382 can not be applied for high short-circuit currents (> 25kA).
  • the patent WO 2006/066420 discloses another solution which consists of cooling the arc which occurs between the arcing contacts 4 and 5 by a gas blowing generated from the volume 24, as schematized in FIG. figure 1 of this patent.
  • the pressure increase in the volume 24 is performed by the compressed gas from the volume 27 through the channel 29 and simultaneously by the heating of the gases caused by the energy of the arc.
  • volume 27 is arranged on an outer diameter of the volume 24. This outer diameter is wide and tends to increase the diameter of the insulators 3, 3c.
  • blowing piston 28 and the arc contact 4 must be moved by the same mechanism by means of a complex linkage because of the different races to be performed for each moving part and that the linkage must have complete compression in the volume 27 when the arc is established between the arc contacts 4 and 5.
  • the patent US 5, 258,590 discloses a cutting chamber of small external diameter thanks to the compact arrangement of two arc contacts 8, 9, tubular so-called end and permanent contact 2. More precisely, one of the contacts of arc 8 is fixed and the other 9 is movable, and their ends 8 ', 9' are supported against each other in the closed position.
  • the fixed arcing contact 8 also constitutes a permanent contact, the other permanent contact 2 also being in tubular and mobile form, and arranged coaxially and close to the other arcing contact 9.
  • the arcing and permanent contact 8 at the end abutment against the other arcing contact 9 slides in abutment with the interior of the other permanent contact 2 until their separation from which the arc is created (see figure 3 ).
  • the patent US 4, 511, 776 also discloses a breaking chamber with a compact arrangement of two arc contacts 5, 6 in tubular form and a permanent contact 4.
  • the arc contact 5 is fixed and the other 6 is movable and they are arranged coaxially and distance one in the other in the closed position.
  • the movable arcing contact 6 is also a permanent contact, the other permanent contact 4 being in tubular and fixed form and arranged coaxially with the fixed arcing contact 5.
  • the arcing contact and permanent 6 mobile is in peripheral support with the permanent contact 4 and around and away from the other arc contact 5.
  • the arc contact and permanent slides while being in peripheral support with the interior of the other permanent contact 4 until their separation from which the arc is created (see figure 1 ).
  • the object of the invention is thus to propose a breaking chamber which does not have the drawbacks of the prior art and which requires a low operating energy, in particular in case of high short-circuit current failure ( ⁇ 40 kA), which is simple to make and which has compact transverse dimensions.
  • the interrupting chamber may comprise sliding guide means of the movable permanent arc contact connected to the actuating rod, arranged between said movable contact and a supply or output contact of current from outside the interrupting chamber, the sliding guide means being further adapted to allow the passage of current between the supply contact or output contact and the arc contact and moving permanent.
  • These sliding guiding means may consist of rollers mounted between the contacts or alternatively by a widening section of the arc contact and moving permanent.
  • the moving arc and permanent contact is indirectly linked to the operating rod by mechanical transmission means adapted to increase the speed ratio in translation between the moving arc and permanent contact and the operating rod. This further reduces the operating energy by increasing, preferably doubling, the speed of translation of the arc contact and permanent with respect to the speed of actuation of the operating rod.
  • the transmission means comprise at least one pinion whose axis of rotation is fixed to the operating rod, a first rack being arranged fixedly in the breaking chamber and a second rack fixed to the contact. mobile and permanent arc, the first and second rack being arranged diametrically opposed to each other with respect to the diameter of the pinion.
  • the invention relates to a high or medium voltage circuit breaker, comprising, for a pole, one or more breaking chambers described above.
  • the current interrupting chamber 1 for a medium or high voltage circuit breaker D extends along a longitudinal axis (XX ') and firstly comprises an insulating envelope 10 in which a pair of permanent contacts 2 is arranged. , One of which, in the form of a tulip, is fixed and the other 3, in the form of a tube, is movable along the longitudinal axis (XX ') under the action of an operating rod 4 itself arranged in another insulating envelope 40.
  • It also comprises a pair of arc contacts 5, 6 both movable along the longitudinal axis (XX ').
  • the permanent contacts 2, 3 and arc 5, 6 are provided to separate each other during a power failure.
  • the travel in translation of the movable contact 5 is sufficiently high to achieve the power failure regardless of value and to obtain the dielectric strength of the circuit breaker.
  • an arc-blowing nozzle 7 integral with the fixed permanent contact 2.
  • the insulating blast nozzle and the permanent contact 2 are fixed to an outlet contact 8 of the current towards the outside of the the chamber via a fixed metal part 9 forming a support.
  • a blowing chamber 70 defined by the fixed part 9 and the arc-blowing nozzle 7 defines a fixed volume V2 and which opens inside the blast nozzle 7 fixed by a channel 700 of small diameter to bring the gas blowing towards the zone of arc formed between the contacts 5, 6 during a break. It is therefore specified here that the volume V2 is therefore the thermal expansion volume for the high currents to be cut.
  • a compression chamber 71 defines a volume V1 which varies and opens into the blowing chamber 70 under the action of a piston 60.
  • the chambers The compression 71 and blowing 70 are substantially arranged one behind the other parallel to the longitudinal axis XX '.
  • the compression chamber 71 and the blowing chamber 70 are separated by a valve 701.
  • the valve setting 701 is designed to open by the overpressure generated in the compression chamber 71 by the movable piston 60. In the event of a break in high currents ( ⁇ 40 kA), the arc energy produces an overpressure in the fixed thermal expansion volume V2, which causes the closure of the valve 701.
  • a helical spring 11 is fixed by one of its ends directly to the piston 60 and by the other of its ends to the output contact 8 of the current to the outside of the interrupting chamber.
  • the breaking chamber 1 further comprises temporary mechanical connection means between the piston 60 and the moving arcing contact 5 connected to the actuating rod for compressing the spring 11 against the piston 60 during a maneuver. closing the permanent contacts 2, 3 and arc 5, 6 and to obtain a stroke of the movable arcing contact 5 greater than the stroke of the spring 11 which compresses the volume V1. Furthermore, the compression of the gas in the volume V1 is performed approximately as soon as the arcing contacts 3, 5 are separated ( figure 3 ).
  • a mechanical stop (not shown) is provided to block the moving arcing contact 6 integral with the blowing piston 60 in a locking position corresponding to or close to the intermediate opening position ( figure 2 ) of peripheral support with the permanent contact, said locking position constituting the position of separation of the arc contacts facing the blast channel 700.
  • metal rollers 30 are arranged between the supply contact 12 of the nominal current from outside the chamber and the arcing contact and moving permanent 3, 5. These rollers 30 and allow the sliding guide of the latter of its closed position ( figure 1 ) to its extreme opening position ( figure 5 ). These metal rollers 30 furthermore ensure the passage of the nominal current of the supply contact 12 in contact with the arc and permanent moving 5.
  • the high voltage circuit breaker is in the closed position, ie in a position permitting the passage of a permanent nominal current from the supply contact of the current 12 from the outside of the breaking chamber 1 to the output contact 8 of the current to the outside of the chamber, the nominal current flowing through the permanent contacts 2, 3 in mutual peripheral support.
  • the compression spring 11 bearing against the blowing piston 60 is in the compressed state. This compressed state is maintained by the two arcing contacts 5, 6 at end support or in other words end-to-end, the moving arcing contact 5 connected to the operating rod (to the right on the figure 1 ) being held in position by the locked operation control.
  • the mechanical stop not shown has locked in translation the blowing piston 60 and thus the movable arcing contact 6 which is integral.
  • the latter has its end opposite the edge of the blast channel 700.
  • the movable and permanent arc contact 3, 5 which is connected to the operating rod 4 is always in translation: there is no longer in this position end support blocking between the two arcing contacts 5, 6. In other words, it is the position of separation of the two arcing contacts 5, 6.
  • the current no longer transits and an electric arc is created and generates an overpressure in the chamber 70 by heating through the channel 700.
  • the figure 5 illustrates the extreme opening position of the movable contacts 3, 5 and 6 or otherwise says the open position of the high voltage circuit breaker D.
  • these mechanical means of increasing the transmission ratio advantageously consist of a double rack system 130, 310, one of which is fixed and the other integral with the movable and movable arcing contact, each of the two racks meshing with a fixed pinion 41 of the operating rod 4. More exactly and as illustrated in figure 6 , there is provided a first rack 130 made on a fixed support 13 in the interrupting chamber or in the insulating jacket portion 40 in which is housed the operating rod 4.
  • An axis 410 is mounted at the end of the operating rod 4 and constitutes the axis of rotation of the pinion 41.
  • the second rack 310 is integral with the arcing contact and movable permanent 3, 5 and arranged being diametrically opposed with the first rack 130 relative to the diameter of the pinion 41. Thanks to such system of racks 130, 310 and pinion 41 secured to the operating rod 4, the translation speed of the arcing contact and moving permanent 3, 5 is doubled with respect to the speed of translation of the operating rod 4. In other words, when the pinion 41 is moved a distance X 1 in the breaking chamber by the operating rod 4, the arcing contact and permanent 3, 5 moves for the same period of time on a double distance 2X 1 , which doubles its speed of translation.
  • a sectional enlargement 31 on the contact of bow and permanent 3, 5 ( figure 6 ). Provision is furthermore made to conform the supply contact in the form of a tulip 120. During a maneuver, the tulip 120 then slides on the enlargement of section 31 of the contact 3, 5.
  • the first rack 130 is arranged in the inner part of the fixed support 130, it can be provided on the outer part 131.
  • the arc contact 3, 5 is made so that the pinion 41 s' meshes between this upper portion 131 of the fixed support 13 and a lower part of a tube additional cylinder connected to the operating rod 4.
  • the fixed support 13 supporting the rack 130 constitutes a supply or output contact of the nominal current from or to the outside of the interrupting chamber.
  • the tulip 120 and the fixed support 13 can also be made in one piece in order to simplify the geometry of the breaking chamber according to the invention and to facilitate its assembly.
  • the mechanical stop of the piston 60 is arranged in an intermediate position of the compression chamber such that the volume V1 is not completely compressed when the movable contact 6 is blocked by said stop ( figure 5 ). It is also possible that this stop is constituted by the bottom of the compression chamber so that the volume V1 is completely compressed when the movable contact 6 is blocked.
  • the thermal expansion volume 70 remains constant / frozen and the pressure that may occur therein can not disturb the displacement piston 60 under the action of the spring 11, and this for any value of the current to be cut.

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  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUETECHNICAL AREA

L'invention concerne une chambre de coupure destinée à être utilisée dans une disjoncteur à moyenne ou haute tension typiquement dans la gamme de 7.2 kV à 800 kV.The invention relates to a breaking chamber for use in a medium or high voltage circuit breaker typically in the range of 7.2 kV to 800 kV.

Par convention, on précise ici que la terminologie « disjoncteur à haute tension » englobe les disjoncteurs qui peuvent classés dans la catégorie ultra haute tension, i-e au-delà de 550 kV.By convention, it is specified here that the terminology "high voltage circuit breaker" includes circuit breakers that can be classified in the ultra-high voltage category, i-e beyond 550 kV.

Une application particulière intéressante est l'utilisation dans un disjoncteur d'alternateur.An interesting particular application is the use in an alternator circuit breaker.

ART ANTÉRIEURPRIOR ART

Dans cette application particulière dans laquelle il est nécessaire de pouvoir couper un courant de court-circuit élevé, typiquement de 40 kA voire plus, la conception doit être prévue de sorte que les manoeuvres d'ouverture et de fermeture du disjoncteur à tripolaire puissent être réalisées uniquement au moyen de l'actionnement d'une commande à mécanisme à faible énergie, usuellement une commande à mécanisme à accrochage de ressort qui est implantée à l'extérieur des chambres de coupure.In this particular application in which it is necessary to be able to cut a high short circuit current, typically 40 kA or more, the design must be provided so that the opening and closing maneuvers of the three-pole circuit breaker can be realized. only by the operation of a low energy mechanism control, usually a spring latch mechanism which is located outside the interrupt chambers.

Or, la masse et les dimensions (volumes) nécessaires aux pièces traversées par le courant de court-circuit augmentent avec la valeur de ce dernier.However, the mass and dimensions (volumes) required for the parts through which the short-circuit current increases with the value of the latter.

L'énergie de manoeuvre nécessaire à leurs déplacements pour couper le courant de court-circuit augmente en conséquence jusqu'au point où il n'est plus possible d'utiliser des commandes à mécanisme à faible énergie qui soient standards.The maneuvering energy required to move them to cut the short-circuit current accordingly increases to the point where it is no longer possible to use low-energy mechanism controls that are standard.

Pour résoudre cette problématique, différentes solutions alternatives à un surdimensionnement des commandes extérieures ont été proposées.To solve this problem, various alternative solutions to an oversizing of the external controls have been proposed.

Ces solutions alternatives ont en commun de prévoir une buse de soufflage fixe ce qui permet ainsi d'avoir les parties les plus lourdes fixes.These alternative solutions have in common to provide a fixed blowing nozzle which allows to have the heavier parts fixed.

Ainsi, le brevet FR 2 435 118 décrit une solution qui consiste à intégrer un ressort hélicoïdal 20 à l'intérieur de la chambre de coupure, qui est comprimé durant une manoeuvre de fermeture par la commande extérieure et dont la fonction est de comprimer le gaz de soufflage d'arc présent dans un volume de soufflage pendant une manoeuvre d'ouverture. En se référant au mode de réalisation des figures 5 et 6 de ce brevet, le ressort hélicoïdal 20 en appui contre le piston de soufflage 15 formé intégralement et autour d'un contact d'arc 18 est comprimé durant la manoeuvre de fermeture par l'autre contact d'arc 21 relié à la commande. Lors d'une manoeuvre d'ouverture, le ressort hélicoïdal 20 se détend et comprime ainsi le gaz présent dans le volume de soufflage 30. Lors de la coupure de courants élevés, la pression dans ce volume 30 est encore augmentée par l'échauffement des gaz à partir de l'énergie d'arc 25.Thus, the patent FR 2,435,118 describes a solution which consists in integrating a coil spring 20 inside the interrupting chamber, which is compressed during a closing operation by the external control and whose function is to compress the arc-blowing gas present in a blowing volume during an opening maneuver. Referring to the embodiment of Figures 5 and 6 of this patent, the helical spring 20 bearing against the blowing piston 15 formed integrally and around an arcing contact 18 is compressed during the closing operation by the other arc contact 21 connected to the control. During an opening maneuver, the helical spring 20 expands and thus compresses the gas present in the blast volume 30. During the breaking of high currents, the pressure in this volume 30 is further increased by the heating of the gas from the arc energy 25.

L'inconvénient principal de cette solution est que le piston 15 est poussé en sens inverse (vers la gauche sur les figures 5 et 6) lorsque la pression est augmentée par l'énergie d'arc. Le volume de soufflage 30 est alors augmenté, ce qui tend à abaisser la pression du gaz de soufflage lors de la coupure. Un autre inconvénient est que le soufflage d'arc est limité au soufflage unique à travers la buse 27b.The main disadvantage of this solution is that the piston 15 is pushed in the opposite direction (to the left on the Figures 5 and 6 ) when the pressure is increased by the arc energy. The blowing volume 30 is then increased, which tends to lower the pressure of the blowing gas during the cut. Another disadvantage is that the arc blow is limited to single blow through the nozzle 27b.

Ce même brevet FR 2 435 118 propose dans son mode de réalisation des figures 36 et 37 des moyens qui en théorie sont susceptibles de pallier l'inconvénient principal : ces moyens consistent en des loquets 43 agencés en bordure du volume de soufflage 30 et actionnés par des ressorts à lame 44 qui sont prévus pour venir se loger dans des gorges 45 ménagées dans le piston 15 et ainsi le bloquer en translation dans la position de détente du ressort 20 ayant comprimé le gaz. En pratique, il s'avère que ces moyens mécaniques de blocage en translation 43, 44, 45 du piston ne peuvent être efficaces dans des chambres de coupure à auto soufflage récentes dans lesquelles les variations de pression sont trop élevées (jusqu'à 60 bars et plus). En d'autres termes, les moyens mécaniques de blocage en translation 43, 44, 45 ne peuvent bloquer réellement le piston 15 lors d'une coupure de courants de court-circuit élevés.This same patent FR 2,435,118 proposes in its embodiment of Figures 36 and 37 means which in theory are able to overcome the main disadvantage: these means consist of latches 43 arranged at the edge of the blast volume 30 and actuated by leaf springs 44 which are provided to be housed in grooves 45 formed in the piston 15 and thus lock in translation in the detent position of the spring 20 which compressed the gas. In practice, it turns out that these mechanical translation locking means 43, 44, 45 of the piston can not be effective in recent self-blow-off chambers in which the pressure variations are too high (up to 60 bar and more). In other words, the mechanical translation locking means 43, 44, 45 can not actually block the piston 15 when breaking high short circuit currents.

Le brevet EP 0 441 292 divulgue une solution similaire à la précédente et qui consiste en outre selon le fonctionnement en court-circuit illustré aux figures 3 et 4 à réaliser un double flux de soufflage depuis les volumes V1 et V4 en parallèle vers le contact d'arc 4A et à travers la buse 16. Cependant, le volume V1 augmente lors de la coupure de courants élevés et par suite la surpression générée pour la coupure est diminuée. Un autre inconvénient est que les deux contacts d'arc 4A, 7A peuvent se repousser mutuellement lors de la coupure de courants de court-circuit élevés si la force du ressort 13 n'est pas suffisante. En outre, les soufflages en parallèle l'un de l'autre provenant respectivement des volumes V1, V4 ont tendance à se perturber mutuellement. Pour tenter de résoudre les inconvénients du disjoncteur selon ce brevet EP 0 411 292 , il a été proposé un perfectionnement dans la demande FR 2683382 . La conception de la chambre de coupure selon cette demande est satisfaisante sur un point : il n'y a plus de volumes de soufflage en parallèle puisqu'un un seul volume d'expansion thermique V1 + V4 est prévu. Ainsi il n'y a plus de risque de perturbation mutuelle des soufflages. A l'époque de cette demande (1991), l'agencement d'un contact permanent 30,31 supplémentaire à l'intérieur de la buse de soufflage 16 et en bout de cylindre fixe 9 a pu être envisagé pour limiter efficacement la longueur de l'arc créé lors de la coupure de courant et donc éviter l'augmentation de pression trop importante dans le volume d'expansion thermique V4 et par là tout recul du piston 8 mobile auquel est lié le contact mobile 4. A cette époque, les courants de court-circuit à couper pour le disjoncteur selon cette demande FR 2683382 étaient au plus égaux à 25 kA, ce qui se traduisait par des pressions dans le volume d'expansion thermique jusqu'à une dizaine de bars. Même en surdimensionnant le ressort de compression 13 avec nécessairement un surdimensionnement de la commande extérieure, un tel disjoncteur ne pourrait être envisagé actuellement car les courants de court-circuit à couper sont encore plus élevés (jusqu'à 63kA) avec des pressions générées jusqu'à 70 bars. Il n'est d'ailleurs pas certain qu'un ressort de compression 13 surdimensionné à l'extrême ne résiste à ces pression. En d'autres termes, les solutions selon le brevet EP 0 441 292 et la demande FR 2683382 ne peuvent être appliquées pour des courants de court-circuit élevés (> 25kA).The patent EP 0 441 292 discloses a solution similar to the previous one and which furthermore consists of the short-circuit operation illustrated in FIGS. Figures 3 and 4 to realize a double flow of blowing from the volumes V1 and V4 in parallel towards the arc contact 4A and through the nozzle 16. However, the volume V1 increases during the breaking of high currents and as a result the overpressure generated for the cut is decreased. Another disadvantage is that the two arcing contacts 4A, 7A may repel each other when breaking high short-circuit currents if the force of the spring 13 is not sufficient. In addition, the blows in parallel from each other respectively volumes V1, V4 tend to interfere with each other. To try to solve the disadvantages of the circuit breaker according to this patent EP 0 411 292 it has been proposed a refinement in the application FR 2683382 . The design of the interrupting chamber according to this application is satisfactory on one point: there are no more volumes of blowing in parallel since a single volume of thermal expansion V1 + V4 is provided. Thus there is more risk of mutual disruption of blowing. At the time of this application (1991), the arrangement of an additional permanent contact 30, 31 inside the blast nozzle 16 and at the end of the fixed cylinder 9 could be envisaged to effectively limit the length of the the arc created during the power failure and thus avoid excessive pressure increase in the thermal expansion volume V4 and thus any decline of the movable piston 8 which is connected to the movable contact 4. At this time, the short circuit currents to be cut for the circuit breaker according to this application FR 2683382 were at most equal to 25 kA, which resulted in pressures in the thermal expansion volume of up to ten bars. Even by oversizing the compression spring 13 with necessarily an oversize of the external control, such a circuit breaker could not be considered currently because the short-circuit currents to be cut are even higher (up to 63kA) with pressures generated up to at 70 bars. It is also not certain that a compression spring 13 oversized to the extreme does not withstand these pressures. In other words, the solutions according to the patent EP 0 441 292 and the demand FR 2683382 can not be applied for high short-circuit currents (> 25kA).

Le brevet WO 2006/066420 divulgue une autre solution qui consiste à refroidir l'arc qui se produit entre les contacts d'arc 4 et 5 par un soufflage de gaz généré depuis le volume 24, comme schématisé en figure 1 de ce brevet. L'augmentation de pression dans le volume 24 est réalisée par le gaz comprimé provenant du volume 27 par le canal 29 et simultanément par l'échauffement des gaz provoqué par l'énergie de l'arc.The patent WO 2006/066420 discloses another solution which consists of cooling the arc which occurs between the arcing contacts 4 and 5 by a gas blowing generated from the volume 24, as schematized in FIG. figure 1 of this patent. The pressure increase in the volume 24 is performed by the compressed gas from the volume 27 through the channel 29 and simultaneously by the heating of the gases caused by the energy of the arc.

Un inconvénient de cette solution est que le volume 27 est agencé sur un diamètre extérieur au volume 24. Ce diamètre extérieur est large et tend à augmenter le diamètre des isolants 3, 3c.A disadvantage of this solution is that the volume 27 is arranged on an outer diameter of the volume 24. This outer diameter is wide and tends to increase the diameter of the insulators 3, 3c.

Un autre inconvénient de cette solution est que le piston de soufflage 28 et le contact d'arc 4 doivent être déplacés par le même mécanisme par le biais d'une tringlerie complexe du fait des courses différentes à réaliser pour chaque pièce mobile et que la tringlerie doit avoir achever la compression dans le volume 27 lorsque l'arc est établi entre les contacts d'arc 4 et 5.Another disadvantage of this solution is that the blowing piston 28 and the arc contact 4 must be moved by the same mechanism by means of a complex linkage because of the different races to be performed for each moving part and that the linkage must have complete compression in the volume 27 when the arc is established between the arc contacts 4 and 5.

La demanderesse a proposé une solution de conception de chambre de coupure qui ne présente pas les inconvénients de l'art antérieur précité et qui nécessite une faible énergie de manoeuvre: cette solution a fait l'objet de la demande de brevet française déposée le 14 Août 2009 sous le numéro FR 09 55677 .The Applicant has proposed a break chamber design solution that does not have the drawbacks of the aforementioned prior art and which requires a low maneuvering energy: this solution was the subject of the French patent application filed August 14 2009 under the number FR 09 55677 .

Bien que satisfaisante, les inventeurs ont alors cherché à encore améliorer cette solution en simplifiant sa réalisation et en diminuant les dimensions transversales (diamètre) de la chambre de coupure pour obtenir en final un diamètre réduit, soit d'isolant pour les disjoncteurs haute tension de type « Live tank » soit de cuve métallique pour ceux de type « GIS » (en anglais « Gas Insulated Switchgear ») ou de type « Dead tank ».Although satisfactory, the inventors then sought to further improve this solution by simplifying its implementation and decreasing the transverse dimensions (diameter) of the interrupting chamber to finally obtain a reduced diameter, or insulation for high-voltage circuit breakers. type "Live tank" or metal tank for those type "GIS" (English "Gas Insulated Switchgear") or type "Dead tank".

Il est connu de l'art antérieur qu'il est possible de réduire les dimensions transversales (diamètre) d'une chambre de coupure de disjoncteur haute tension en conférant à un contact une fonction double à la fois de passage du courant d'arc (court-circuit) et du courant permanent et en agençant l'autre contact permanent de manière coaxiale et à proximité de l'autre contact d'arc, c'est-à-dire sensiblement sur un même diamètre. La cinématique et l'agencement prévus permettent ainsi de mettre le contact à fonction double d'arc et permanent :

  • en appui mécanique à la fois contre l'autre contact permanent et contre l'autre contact d'arc en position de fermeture, c'est-à-dire lors du passage de courant permanent ;
  • à distance à la fois de l'autre contact d'arc et de l'autre contact permanent lors de l'ouverture, c'est-à-dire lors de la coupure d'un courant d'arc, jusqu'à la position d'ouverture complète.
It is known from the prior art that it is possible to reduce the transverse dimensions (diameter) of a high-voltage circuit-breaker breaking chamber by conferring on a contact a dual function at the same time of passage of the arc current ( short circuit) and the permanent current and arranging the other permanent contact coaxially and in the vicinity of the other arcing contact, that is to say substantially the same diameter. The kinematics and the arrangement provided thus make it possible to put the contact with double arc function and permanent:
  • in mechanical support both against the other permanent contact and against the other contact arc in the closed position, that is to say during the passage of permanent current;
  • remote from both the other arcing contact and the other permanent contact during the opening, that is to say during the breaking of an arc current, to the position full opening.

Ainsi, le brevet US 5, 258,590 divulgue une chambre de coupure de diamètre externe peu important grâce à l'agencement compact de deux contacts d'arc 8, 9, sous forme tubulaire dits en bout et d'un contact permanent 2. Plus exactement, l'un des contacts d'arc 8 est fixe et l'autre 9 est mobile, et leurs extrémités 8', 9' sont en appui l'un contre l'autre en position de fermeture. Le contact d'arc fixe 8 constitue également un contact permanent, l'autre contact permanent 2 étant également sous forme tubulaire et mobile, et agencé de manière coaxiale et à proximité de l'autre contact d'arc 9. Lors de l'ouverture, le contact d'arc et permanent 8 en butée d'extrémité contre l'autre contact d'arc 9 coulisse en étant appui avec l'intérieur de l'autre contact permanent 2 jusqu'à leur séparation à partir de laquelle l'arc est créé (voir figure 3). L'inconvénient majeur de cette solution est que les parties mobiles sont les plus lourdes puisqu'elles comprennent la chambre de soufflage 5, la buse de soufflage, l'autre contact d'arc 9 et l'autre contact permanent 2. Autrement dit, l'énergie de manoeuvre d'une chambre de coupure selon ce brevet US 5, 258,590 peut être considérée comme relativement élevée.Thus, the patent US 5, 258,590 discloses a cutting chamber of small external diameter thanks to the compact arrangement of two arc contacts 8, 9, tubular so-called end and permanent contact 2. More precisely, one of the contacts of arc 8 is fixed and the other 9 is movable, and their ends 8 ', 9' are supported against each other in the closed position. The fixed arcing contact 8 also constitutes a permanent contact, the other permanent contact 2 also being in tubular and mobile form, and arranged coaxially and close to the other arcing contact 9. At the opening the arcing and permanent contact 8 at the end abutment against the other arcing contact 9 slides in abutment with the interior of the other permanent contact 2 until their separation from which the arc is created (see figure 3 ). The major disadvantage of this solution is that the moving parts are heavier since they comprise the blowing chamber 5, the blowing nozzle, the other arc contact 9 and the other permanent contact 2. In other words, the operating energy of a breaking chamber according to this patent US 5, 258,590 can be considered relatively high.

Le brevet US 4, 511, 776 divulgue également une chambre de coupure avec un agencement compact de deux contacts d'arc 5, 6 sous forme tubulaire et un contact permanent 4. Le contact d'arc 5 est fixe et l'autre 6 est mobile et ils sont agencés coaxialement et à distance l'un dans l'autre en position de fermeture. Le contact d'arc mobile 6 constitue également un contact permanent, l'autre contact permanent 4 étant sous forme tubulaire et fixe et agencé de manière coaxial au contact d'arc fixe 5. En position de fermeture, le contact d'arc et permanent 6 mobile est en appui périphérique avec le contact permanent 4 et autour et à distance de l'autre contact d'arc 5. Lors de l'ouverture, le contact d'arc et permanent coulisse en étant en appui périphérique avec l'intérieur de l'autre contact permanent 4 jusqu'à leur séparation à partir de laquelle l'arc est créé (voir figure 1).The patent US 4, 511, 776 also discloses a breaking chamber with a compact arrangement of two arc contacts 5, 6 in tubular form and a permanent contact 4. The arc contact 5 is fixed and the other 6 is movable and they are arranged coaxially and distance one in the other in the closed position. The movable arcing contact 6 is also a permanent contact, the other permanent contact 4 being in tubular and fixed form and arranged coaxially with the fixed arcing contact 5. In the closed position, the arcing contact and permanent 6 mobile is in peripheral support with the permanent contact 4 and around and away from the other arc contact 5. During the opening, the arc contact and permanent slides while being in peripheral support with the interior of the other permanent contact 4 until their separation from which the arc is created (see figure 1 ).

L'inconvénient majeur de cette solution est qu'il n'y pas réellement de chambre de compression des gaz mais une aspiration dans la zone d'échappement des gaz depuis la chambre 11. Autrement dit, une telle chambre de coupure selon le brevet US 4, 511,776 ne peut être adaptée dans des disjoncteurs à haute tension pour lesquels une compression des gaz est impérative pour la coupure de courants faibles. En outre, l'agencement des contacts prévu implique l'utilisation d'un contact d'arc 6 mobile avec une partie d'extrémité 6A très fine pour pouvoir justement être insérée entre l'autre contact d'arc 5 et l'autre contact permanent 4. Une telle géométrie de contacts ne peut être adoptée dans un disjoncteur haute tension car cela impliquerait nécessairement un champ électrique trop élevé dans la zone d'arc.The major disadvantage of this solution is that there is not really a gas compression chamber but a suction in the gas exhaust zone from the chamber 11. In other words, such a break chamber according to the patent US 4, 511,776 can not be adapted in high-voltage circuit-breakers for which gas compression is imperative for the breaking of weak currents. In addition, the arrangement of the contacts provided involves the use of a movable arcing contact 6 with a very thin end portion 6A to be able to be inserted between the other arcing contact 5 and the other contact. permanent 4. Such geometry of contacts can not be adopted in a high-voltage circuit breaker as this would necessarily imply a too high electric field in the arc zone.

Le but de l'invention est ainsi de proposer une chambre de coupure qui ne présente pas les inconvénients de l'art antérieur et qui nécessite une faible énergie de manoeuvre, en particulier en cas de coupure de courant de court-circuit élevés (≥ 40 kA), qui soit simple à réaliser et qui présente des dimensions transversales peu encombrantes.The object of the invention is thus to propose a breaking chamber which does not have the drawbacks of the prior art and which requires a low operating energy, in particular in case of high short-circuit current failure (≥ 40 kA), which is simple to make and which has compact transverse dimensions.

EXPOSÉ DE L'INVENTIONSTATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

Pour ce faire, l'invention a pour objet une chambre de coupure selon la revendication 1. Ainsi, l'invention consiste donc essentiellement à définir une chambre de coupure :

  • dont l'énergie de manoeuvre est réduite en prévoyant une conception comme dans la demande de brevet susmentionnée N° FR 09 55677 ,
  • avec des dimensions réduites par l'agencement compact des contacts permanents et d'arc en conférant judicieusement à l'un d'entre eux la fonction double de contact permanent et d'arc et à l'autre contact d'arc mobile la fonction de support du piston de soufflage, c'est-à-dire la fonction de liaison temporaire mécanique entre ce dernier et le contact à la fonction double (permanent et d'arc).
For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a breaking chamber according to claim 1. Thus, the invention essentially consists in defining a breaking chamber:
  • whose maneuvering energy is reduced by providing a design as in the aforementioned patent application No. FR 09 55677 ,
  • with dimensions reduced by the compact arrangement of the permanent and arc contacts by judiciously conferring on one of them the double function of permanent contact and arc and the other movable arc contact the function of support of the blow piston, that is to say the function of temporary mechanical connection between the latter and the contact with the double function (permanent and arc).

Autrement dit, l'invention consiste à :

  • définir un volume de soufflage figé et une buse de soufflage fixe afin de réduire la masse mobile de la chambre de coupure et par là l'énergie cinétique,
  • générer une augmentation de pression dans le volume de soufflage principalement par l'échauffement des gaz en courants élevés, et avoir une augmentation de pression par le volume de compression pour les coupures en faibles courants,
  • réaliser les contacts d'arc et permanents sur un diamètre réduit correspondant sensiblement à celui du tube d'un contact d'arc usuel, ce qui permet de réduire les dimensions transversales de la chambre de coupure,
  • avoir des contacts d'arc en appui d'extrémité, aussi appelée en bout, qui peuvent avoir des plots ou bourrelets d'extrémité à rayon de courbure important, ce qui permet d'avoir un champ électrique plus faible et une meilleure tenue aux courants élevés avec une usure réduite,
  • conférer judicieusement la fonction support de piston à l'un des contacts d'arc mobiles qui sert donc également de moyen de liaison temporaire entre ledit piston et l'autre contact d'arc mobile,
  • produire une compression des gaz, approximativement jusqu'à ce que les contacts d'arc soient séparés, et uniquement par un ressort hélicoïdal qui pousse le piston solidaire de l'un des contacts d'arc mobiles et ainsi réduit le volume de compression, l'augmentation de pression étant alors transmise au volume de soufflage par l'ouverture d'une valve. Le ressort est par ailleurs agencé juste derrière le piston et est comprimé durant une opération de fermeture en étant poussé par les contacts d'arc mobile. L'énergie nécessaire à la compression du gaz est ainsi minimisée du fait de la proximité du ressort avec le volume de compression,
  • obtenir une manière simple de déplacer le piston et les contact d'arc mobiles avec leurs courses respectives nécessaires, la course du contact d'arc mobile lié à la tige de manoeuvre étant égale à la course de compression du piston plus une course supplémentaire pour obtenir une distance suffisante entre les contacts d'arc en position ouverte (suffisamment élevée pour réaliser la coupure de courant quelle que soit sa valeur et pour obtenir la tenue diélectrique du disjoncteur),
  • définir une géométrie à double flux de soufflage,
  • avoir la possibilité d'utiliser une commande de manoeuvre extérieure au disjoncteur qui fournit une énergie au juste nécessaire pour fermer les contacts et pour manoeuvrer le contact d'arc mobile lié à la tige lors de l'ouverture.
In other words, the invention consists in:
  • define a fixed blowing volume and a fixed blast nozzle in order to reduce the moving mass of the breaking chamber and thereby the kinetic energy,
  • generating a pressure increase in the blowing volume mainly by heating the gases in high currents, and having a pressure increase by the compression volume for the cuts in small currents,
  • making the arcing and permanent contacts on a reduced diameter substantially corresponding to that of the tube of a conventional arc contact, which makes it possible to reduce the transverse dimensions of the interrupting chamber,
  • have end-end arc contacts, which may also have ends or ends with a large radius of curvature, which makes it possible to have a weaker electric field and better resistance to currents high with reduced wear,
  • suitably conferring the piston support function on one of the movable arcing contacts which thus also serves as a temporary connection means between said piston and the other movable arcing contact,
  • producing a compression of the gases, approximately until the arcing contacts are separated, and only by a helical spring which pushes the piston secured to one of the movable arcing contacts and thus reduces the compression volume, pressure increase is then transmitted to the blowing volume by the opening of a valve. The spring is also arranged just behind the piston and is compressed during a closing operation by being pushed by the moving arc contacts. The energy required for the compression of the gas is thus minimized because of the proximity of the spring to the compression volume,
  • obtain a simple way of moving the piston and the movable arcing contacts with their respective necessary strokes, the stroke of the movable arcing contact connected to the actuating rod being equal to the compression stroke of the piston plus an additional stroke to obtain a sufficient distance between the arcing contacts in the open position (sufficiently high to achieve the power failure regardless of its value and to obtain the dielectric strength of the circuit breaker),
  • define a geometry with double flow of blow,
  • have the possibility of using a circuit breaker external control command that provides energy just needed to close the contacts and to manipulate the movable bow contact connected to the rod during opening.

Par comparaison aux chambres de coupure selon les documents FR 2 435 118 , EP 0 441 292 , US 5258590 et US 4511776 mentionnés en préambule, la chambre de coupure selon l'invention présente :

  • un volume de soufflage V2 figé et qui n'est pas augmenté avec les augmentations importantes de pression durant les coupures de courant élevées,
  • une chambre de soufflage avec une forme standard telle que celle utilisée dans les disjoncteurs à haute tension modernes, et qui débouche par un canal de diamètre réduit sur la zone ou se produit l'arc,
  • un double flux de gaz de soufflage sur l'arc.
Compared to cut-off rooms according to the documents FR 2,435,118 , EP 0 441 292 , US 5258590 and US 4511776 mentioned in the preamble, the breaking chamber according to the invention presents:
  • a blown volume V2 that is not increased with the significant increases in pressure during the high power outages,
  • a blow molding chamber with a standard shape such as that used in modern high-voltage circuit breakers, and which opens with a small diameter channel on the area where the arc occurs,
  • a double flow of gas blowing on the arc.

Par comparaison avec une chambre de coupure selon le brevet WO 2006/066420 mentionné en préambule, la chambre de coupure selon l'invention présente :

  • un diamètre plus faible des pièces actives de l'agencement de la chambre de compression derrière celle de soufflage,
  • des contacts d'arc et permanents de diamètres réduits et donc des dimensions transversales externes de la chambre de coupure réduites,
  • un mécanisme plus simple pour déplacer le piston et les contacts mobiles dont le contact d'arc à double fonction d'arc et permanent,
  • une plus grande efficacité du fait de la proximité du ressort avec le volume de compression,
  • une forme de la chambre de soufflage et une forme de canal reliant la chambre de soufflage à la zone d'arc standard, comme usuellement utilisés dans les disjoncteurs à haute tension. Cela permet d'avoir un mélange optimal entre gaz chauds et froids dans le volume de soufflage.
Compared with a break chamber according to the patent WO 2006/066420 mentioned in the preamble, the breaking chamber according to the invention presents:
  • a smaller diameter of the active parts of the arrangement of the compression chamber behind that of blowing,
  • arcing contacts and permanent reduced diameters and therefore external transverse dimensions of the reduced cutting chamber,
  • a simpler mechanism for moving the piston and the movable contacts whose arc-dual and permanent arc contact,
  • greater efficiency due to the proximity of the spring with the compression volume,
  • a shape of the blow chamber and a channel shape connecting the blow chamber to the standard arc area, as commonly used in high voltage circuit breakers. This makes it possible to have an optimal mixture between hot and cold gases in the blowing volume.

Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, la chambre de coupure peut comprendre des moyens de guidage en coulissement du contact d'arc et permanent mobile lié à la tige de manoeuvre, agencés entre ledit contact mobile et un contact d'amenée ou de sortie de courant depuis l'extérieur de la chambre de coupure, les moyens de guidage en coulissement étant en outre adaptés pour permettre le passage du courant entre le contact d'amenée ou de sortie et le contact d'arc et permanent mobile. Ces moyens de guidage en coulissement peuvent être constitués par des galets de roulement montés entre les contacts ou de manière alternative par un élargissement de section du contact d'arc et permanent mobile. On obtient ainsi un guidage simple et efficace du contact d'arc et permanent de sa position de fermeture dans laquelle il est en appui d'extrémité avec l'autre contact d'arc et en appui périphérique avec l'autre contact permanent à sa position extrême d'ouverture dans laquelle tout courant est coupé.According to an advantageous embodiment, the interrupting chamber may comprise sliding guide means of the movable permanent arc contact connected to the actuating rod, arranged between said movable contact and a supply or output contact of current from outside the interrupting chamber, the sliding guide means being further adapted to allow the passage of current between the supply contact or output contact and the arc contact and moving permanent. These sliding guiding means may consist of rollers mounted between the contacts or alternatively by a widening section of the arc contact and moving permanent. Thus, a simple and effective guide of the arcing contact and permanent of its closed position in which it is in end support with the other arcing contact and in peripheral support with the other permanent contact in its position extreme opening in which any current is cut off.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation avantageux, le contact d'arc et permanent mobile est lié indirectement à la tige de manoeuvre par des moyens mécaniques de transmission adaptés pour augmenter le rapport de vitesse en translation entre le contact d'arc et permanent mobile et la tige de manoeuvre. On réduit ainsi encore l'énergie de manoeuvre en augmentant, de préférence en doublant, la vitesse de translation du contact d'arc et permanent par rapport à la vitesse d'actionnement de la tige de manoeuvre.According to another advantageous embodiment, the moving arc and permanent contact is indirectly linked to the operating rod by mechanical transmission means adapted to increase the speed ratio in translation between the moving arc and permanent contact and the operating rod. This further reduces the operating energy by increasing, preferably doubling, the speed of translation of the arc contact and permanent with respect to the speed of actuation of the operating rod.

Selon une variante de réalisation, les moyens de transmission comprennent au moins un pignon dont l'axe de rotation est fixé à la tige de manoeuvre, une première crémaillère en étant agencée de manière fixe dans la chambre de coupure et une deuxième crémaillère fixée au contact d'arc mobile et permanent, la première et deuxième crémaillère étant agencées diamétralement opposées l'une à l'autre par rapport au diamètre du pignon. Cette variante est avantageuse car elle utilise peu de composants assemblés de manière simple.According to an alternative embodiment, the transmission means comprise at least one pinion whose axis of rotation is fixed to the operating rod, a first rack being arranged fixedly in the breaking chamber and a second rack fixed to the contact. mobile and permanent arc, the first and second rack being arranged diametrically opposed to each other with respect to the diameter of the pinion. This variant is advantageous because it uses few components assembled in a simple manner.

L'invention concerne un disjoncteur à haute ou moyenne tension supérieure, comprenant, pour un pôle, une ou plusieurs chambres de coupure décrites précédemment.The invention relates to a high or medium voltage circuit breaker, comprising, for a pole, one or more breaking chambers described above.

BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention ressortiront mieux à la lecture de la description détaillée faite en référence aux figures suivantes :

  • les figures 1 à 5 représentent un mode de réalisation d'une chambre de coupure selon l'invention en vue de coupe longitudinale et selon différentes positions depuis la fermeture des contacts jusqu'à l'ouverture extrême des contacts et la coupure réalisée,
  • la figure 6 représente une vue de détail d'une variante de réalisation d'une chambre de coupure selon l'invention en vue de coupe longitudinale.
Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will emerge more clearly on reading the detailed description given with reference to the following figures:
  • the Figures 1 to 5 represent an embodiment of a breaking chamber according to the invention for longitudinal cutting and in different positions since the closing of the contacts to the extreme opening of the contacts and the cut made,
  • the figure 6 is a detail view of an alternative embodiment of a breaking chamber according to the invention for longitudinal sectional view.

EXPOSÉ DÉTAILLÉ DE MODES DE RÉALISATION PARTICULIERSDETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS

La chambre de coupure de courant 1 pour disjoncteur à moyenne ou haute tension D selon l'invention s'étend selon un axe longitudinal (XX') et comprend tout d'abord une enveloppe isolante 10 dans laquelle est agencée une paire de contacts permanents 2, 3 dont l'un 2, sous forme d'une tulipe, est fixe et l'autre 3, sous forme de tube, est mobile selon l'axe longitudinal (XX') sous l'action d'une tige de manoeuvre 4 elle-même agencée dans une autre enveloppe isolante 40.The current interrupting chamber 1 for a medium or high voltage circuit breaker D according to the invention extends along a longitudinal axis (XX ') and firstly comprises an insulating envelope 10 in which a pair of permanent contacts 2 is arranged. , One of which, in the form of a tulip, is fixed and the other 3, in the form of a tube, is movable along the longitudinal axis (XX ') under the action of an operating rod 4 itself arranged in another insulating envelope 40.

Elle comprend également une paire de contacts d'arc 5, 6 tous les deux mobiles selon l'axe longitudinal (XX'). Les contacts permanents 2, 3 et d'arc 5, 6 sont prévus pour se séparer mutuellement lors d'une coupure de courant. La course en translation du contact mobile 5 est suffisamment élevée pour réaliser la coupure de courant quelle que soit valeur et pour obtenir la tenue diélectrique du disjoncteur.It also comprises a pair of arc contacts 5, 6 both movable along the longitudinal axis (XX '). The permanent contacts 2, 3 and arc 5, 6 are provided to separate each other during a power failure. The travel in translation of the movable contact 5 is sufficiently high to achieve the power failure regardless of value and to obtain the dielectric strength of the circuit breaker.

Il est prévu en outre une buse de soufflage d'arc 7 solidaire du contact permanent fixe 2. Tel qu'illustré, la buse de soufflage isolante et le contact permanent 2 sont fixés à un contact de sortie 8 du courant vers l'extérieur de la chambre par l'intermédiaire d'une pièce fixe métallique 9 formant support.It is furthermore provided with an arc-blowing nozzle 7 integral with the fixed permanent contact 2. As illustrated, the insulating blast nozzle and the permanent contact 2 are fixed to an outlet contact 8 of the current towards the outside of the the chamber via a fixed metal part 9 forming a support.

Une chambre de soufflage 70 délimitée par la pièce fixe 9 et la buse de soufflage d'arc 7 définit un volume V2 figé et qui débouche à l'intérieur de la buse de soufflage 7 fixe par un canal 700 de faible diamètre pour amener le gaz de soufflage vers la zone de 'arc formé entre les contacts 5, 6 lors d'une coupure. On précise ici donc que le volume V2 est donc le volume d'expansion thermique pour les courants élevés à couper.A blowing chamber 70 defined by the fixed part 9 and the arc-blowing nozzle 7 defines a fixed volume V2 and which opens inside the blast nozzle 7 fixed by a channel 700 of small diameter to bring the gas blowing towards the zone of arc formed between the contacts 5, 6 during a break. It is therefore specified here that the volume V2 is therefore the thermal expansion volume for the high currents to be cut.

Une chambre de compression 71 définit un volume V1 qui varie et débouche dans la chambre de soufflage 70 sous l'action d'un piston 60. Les chambres de compression 71 et de soufflage 70 sont sensiblement agencées l'une derrière l'autre parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal XX'.A compression chamber 71 defines a volume V1 which varies and opens into the blowing chamber 70 under the action of a piston 60. The chambers The compression 71 and blowing 70 are substantially arranged one behind the other parallel to the longitudinal axis XX '.

La chambre de compression 71 et la chambre de soufflage 70 sont séparées par une valve 701. Le tarage de valve 701 est prévu pour s'ouvrir par la surpression générée dans la chambre de compression 71 par le piston mobile 60. En cas de coupure de courants élevés (≥ 40 kA), l'énergie de l'arc produit une surpression dans le volume d'expansion thermique V2 figé, ce qui entraîne la fermeture de la valve 701.The compression chamber 71 and the blowing chamber 70 are separated by a valve 701. The valve setting 701 is designed to open by the overpressure generated in the compression chamber 71 by the movable piston 60. In the event of a break in high currents (≥ 40 kA), the arc energy produces an overpressure in the fixed thermal expansion volume V2, which causes the closure of the valve 701.

Un ressort hélicoïdal 11 est fixé par une de ses extrémités directement au piston 60 et par l'autre de ses extrémités au contact de sortie du courant 8 vers l'extérieur de la chambre de coupure.A helical spring 11 is fixed by one of its ends directly to the piston 60 and by the other of its ends to the output contact 8 of the current to the outside of the interrupting chamber.

La chambre de coupure 1 comprend en outre des moyens de liaison mécanique temporaire entre le piston 60 et le contact d'arc mobile 5 lié à la tige de manoeuvre pour réaliser la compression du ressort 11 en appui contre le piston 60 lors d'une manoeuvre de fermeture des contacts permanents 2, 3 et d'arc 5, 6 et pour obtenir une course du contact d'arc mobile 5 supérieure à la course du ressort 11 qui réalise la compression du volume V1. Par ailleurs, la compression du gaz dans le volume V1 est réalisée approximativement dès que les contacts d'arc 3, 5 sont séparés (figure 3).The breaking chamber 1 further comprises temporary mechanical connection means between the piston 60 and the moving arcing contact 5 connected to the actuating rod for compressing the spring 11 against the piston 60 during a maneuver. closing the permanent contacts 2, 3 and arc 5, 6 and to obtain a stroke of the movable arcing contact 5 greater than the stroke of the spring 11 which compresses the volume V1. Furthermore, the compression of the gas in the volume V1 is performed approximately as soon as the arcing contacts 3, 5 are separated ( figure 3 ).

Selon l'invention et tel qu'illustré aux figures 1 à 5 :

  • le contact d'arc mobile 5 lié à la tige de manoeuvre constitue en outre le contact permanent mobile 3,
  • les moyens de liaison temporaire sont constitués par l'autre contact d'arc 6, également mobile en appui d'extrémité contre l'extrémité du contact d'arc mobile 5 lié à la tige de manoeuvre, l'autre contact d'arc mobile 6 étant solidaire du piston de soufflage 60,
  • le contact permanent fixe 5 est agencé coaxialement et en appui périphérique avec le contact d'arc mobile 6 lié à la tige de manoeuvre 4 en position de fermeture jusqu'à une position intermédiaire d'ouverture (figure 2) dans laquelle il est en appui périphérique avec le contact d'arc mobile 6 solidaire du piston de soufflage 60.
According to the invention and as illustrated Figures 1 to 5 :
  • the movable arc contact 5 connected to the actuating rod constitutes, in addition, the moving permanent contact 3,
  • the temporary connection means are constituted by the other arcing contact 6, also movable in end support against the end of the moving arcing contact 5 connected to the operating rod, the other movable arcing contact 6 being integral with the blowing piston 60,
  • the fixed permanent contact 5 is arranged coaxially and in peripheral support with the movable arcing contact 6 connected to the operating rod 4 in the closed position to an intermediate opening position ( figure 2 ) in which it is in peripheral support with the moving arcing contact 6 integral with the blowing piston 60.

Il est prévu en outre, une butée mécanique non représentée pour bloquer le contact d'arc mobile 6 solidaire du piston de soufflage 60 dans une position de blocage correspondant ou à proximité de la position intermédiaire d'ouverture (figure 2) d'appui périphérique avec le contact permanent, ladite position de blocage constituant la position de séparation des contacts d'arc en regard du canal de soufflage 700.In addition, a mechanical stop (not shown) is provided to block the moving arcing contact 6 integral with the blowing piston 60 in a locking position corresponding to or close to the intermediate opening position ( figure 2 ) of peripheral support with the permanent contact, said locking position constituting the position of separation of the arc contacts facing the blast channel 700.

Dans le mode de réalisation des figures 1 à 5, des galets métalliques 30 sont agencés entre le contact d'amenée 12 du courant nominal depuis l'extérieur de la chambre et le contact d'arc et permanent mobile 3, 5. Ces galets 30 permettent ainsi le guidage en coulissement de ce dernier de sa position de fermeture (figure 1) jusqu'à sa position extrême d'ouverture (figure 5). Ces galets métalliques 30 assurent en outre le passage du courant nominal du contact d'amenée 12 au contact d'arc et permanent mobile 5.In the embodiment of Figures 1 to 5 , metal rollers 30 are arranged between the supply contact 12 of the nominal current from outside the chamber and the arcing contact and moving permanent 3, 5. These rollers 30 and allow the sliding guide of the latter of its closed position ( figure 1 ) to its extreme opening position ( figure 5 ). These metal rollers 30 furthermore ensure the passage of the nominal current of the supply contact 12 in contact with the arc and permanent moving 5.

Le fonctionnement de la chambre de coupure va être maintenant mieux expliqué en référence aux figures 1 à 5.The operation of the breaking chamber will now be better explained with reference to Figures 1 to 5 .

En figure 1, le disjoncteur haute tension est en position fermée, i-e dans une position permettant le passage d'un courant nominal permanent depuis le contact d'amenée du courant 12 depuis l'extérieur de la chambre de coupure 1 vers le contact de sortie 8 du courant vers l'extérieur de la chambre, le courant nominal circulant par les contacts permanents 2, 3 en appui périphérique mutuel. Le ressort de compression 11 en appui contre le piston de soufflage 60 est à l'état comprimé. Cet état comprimé est maintenu par les deux contacts d'arc 5, 6 en appui d'extrémité ou autrement dit en bout à bout, le contact d'arc mobile 5 lié à la tige manoeuvre (à droite sur la figure 1) étant maintenu en position par la commande de manoeuvre bloquée.In figure 1 the high voltage circuit breaker is in the closed position, ie in a position permitting the passage of a permanent nominal current from the supply contact of the current 12 from the outside of the breaking chamber 1 to the output contact 8 of the current to the outside of the chamber, the nominal current flowing through the permanent contacts 2, 3 in mutual peripheral support. The compression spring 11 bearing against the blowing piston 60 is in the compressed state. This compressed state is maintained by the two arcing contacts 5, 6 at end support or in other words end-to-end, the moving arcing contact 5 connected to the operating rod (to the right on the figure 1 ) being held in position by the locked operation control.

En figure 2, une manoeuvre d'ouverture pour couper le courant est commencée. La tige de manoeuvre 4 est tirée (de la gauche vers la droite sur les figures), le contact d'arc et permanent mobile 3, 5 qui y est lié suit le mouvement ainsi que l'autre contact d'arc mobile 6 en appui d'extrémité du fait de la poussée exercée par le ressort 11 en appui contre le piston de soufflage solidaire dudit contact d'arc 6. La raideur du ressort est suffisante pour maintenir l'appui d'extrémité entre contacts d'arc 5, 6. Simultanément le piston de soufflage 60 comprime le gaz dans la chambre de compression 71. Dans cette position intermédiaire d'ouverture de la figure 2, le courant nominal à la fois dans le contact d'arc et permanent 3, 5, dans le contact d'arc mobile 6 en appui d'extrémité avec ce dernier et dans le contact permanent fixe 2 lui-même en appui périphérique avec le contact d'arc mobile 6.In figure 2 an opening maneuver to turn off the power is started. The operating rod 4 is pulled (from left to right in the figures), the arc contact and moving permanent contact 3, 5 which is connected thereto following the movement as well as the other movable arcing contact 6 in support end due to the thrust exerted by the spring 11 in abutment against the blowing piston integral with said arc contact 6. The stiffness of the spring is sufficient to maintain the end support between arc contacts 5, 6 At the same time, the blowing piston 60 compresses the gas in the compression chamber 71. In this intermediate opening position of the figure 2 , the nominal current in both the arcing contact and permanent contact 3, 5, in the movable arcing contact 6 in end support with the latter and in the stationary permanent contact 2 itself in peripheral support with the movable arc contact 6.

En figure 3, la butée mécanique non représentée a bloqué en translation le piston de soufflage 60 et donc le contact d'arc mobile 6 qui est solidaire. Celui-ci a son extrémité en regard du bord du canal de soufflage 700. Le contact d'arc et permanent 3, 5 mobile qui est lié à la tige de manoeuvre 4 est toujours en translation: il n'y a plus dans cette position de blocage d'appui d'extrémité entre les deux contacts d'arc 5, 6. Autrement dit, il s'agit de la position de séparation des deux contacts d'arc 5, 6. Le courant ne transite plus et un arc électrique est créé et génère une surpression dans la chambre 70 par échauffement par le biais du canal 700.In figure 3 , the mechanical stop not shown has locked in translation the blowing piston 60 and thus the movable arcing contact 6 which is integral. The latter has its end opposite the edge of the blast channel 700. The movable and permanent arc contact 3, 5 which is connected to the operating rod 4 is always in translation: there is no longer in this position end support blocking between the two arcing contacts 5, 6. In other words, it is the position of separation of the two arcing contacts 5, 6. The current no longer transits and an electric arc is created and generates an overpressure in the chamber 70 by heating through the channel 700.

En figure 4, la translation du contact d'arc et permanent 3, 5 s'est poursuivie ce qui augmente la distance de séparation avec l'autre contact d'arc 6 en position de blocage et donc allonge l'arc. A un moment déterminé, le courant passe à zéro et les gaz de soufflage provenant du volume V1 comprimé et issus dans le volume V2 par la valve 701 et ceux échauffés dans le volume V2 viennent souffler l'arc et le refroidir. Le courant d'arc est alors coupé.In figure 4 the translation of the arcing and permanent contact 3, 5 has continued, which increases the separation distance with the other arcing contact 6 in the locking position and thus lengthens the arc. At a given moment, the current goes to zero and the blowing gases from the compressed volume V1 and issued in the volume V2 by the valve 701 and those heated in the volume V2 blow the arc and cool. The arc current is then cut.

La figure 5 illustre la position extrême d'ouverture des contacts mobiles 3, 5 et 6 ou autrement dit la position d'ouverture du disjoncteur haute tension D.The figure 5 illustrates the extreme opening position of the movable contacts 3, 5 and 6 or otherwise says the open position of the high voltage circuit breaker D.

Dans le mode de réalisation illustré aux figures 1 à 5, la tige de manoeuvre 4 et le contact d'arc et permanent mobile 3, 5 sont liés directement l'un à l'autre, i-e avec un rapport de transmission en translation égale à 1.In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 5 the operating rod 4 and the movable permanent arc contact 3, 5 are directly connected to one another, ie with a transmission ratio in translation equal to 1.

Pour réduire encore l'énergie de manoeuvre de la chambre de coupure selon l'invention, on peut prévoir des moyens mécaniques pour augmenter ce rapport de transmission, c'est-à-dire des moyens permettant d'accélérer la translation du contact d'arc et permanent mobile 3, 5. Tel qu'illustré en vue de détail en figure 6, ces moyens mécaniques d'augmentation du rapport de transmission consistent avantageusement en un système de double crémaillère 130, 310 dont une fixe et l'autre solidaire du contact d'arc et permanent mobile, chacune des deux crémaillères en engrènement avec un pignon 41 solidaire de la tige de manoeuvre 4. Plus exactement et tel qu'illustré en figure 6, il est prévu une première crémaillère 130 réalisée sur un support fixe 13 dans la chambre de coupure ou dans la partie enveloppe isolante 40 dans laquelle est logée la tige de manoeuvre 4. Un axe 410 est monté en extrémité de la tige de manoeuvre 4 et constitue l'axe de rotation du pignon 41. La deuxième crémaillère 310 est solidaire du contact d'arc et permanent mobile 3, 5 et agencée en étant diamétralement opposée avec la première crémaillère 130 par rapport au diamètre du pignon 41. Grâce à un tel système de crémaillères 130, 310 et pignon 41 solidaire de la tige de manoeuvre 4, la vitesse de translation du contact d'arc et permanent mobile 3, 5 est doublée par rapport à la vitesse de translation de la tige de manoeuvre 4. Autrement dit, lorsque le pignon 41 est déplacé sur une distance X1 dans la chambre de coupure par la tige de manoeuvre 4, le contact d'arc et permanent 3, 5 se déplace pendant le même laps de temps sur une double distance 2X1, ce qui double sa vitesse de translation.To further reduce the operating energy of the breaking chamber according to the invention, it is possible to provide mechanical means for increasing this transmission ratio, that is to say means making it possible to accelerate the translation of the contact. bow and mobile standing 3, 5. As shown in detail view in figure 6 these mechanical means of increasing the transmission ratio advantageously consist of a double rack system 130, 310, one of which is fixed and the other integral with the movable and movable arcing contact, each of the two racks meshing with a fixed pinion 41 of the operating rod 4. More exactly and as illustrated in figure 6 , there is provided a first rack 130 made on a fixed support 13 in the interrupting chamber or in the insulating jacket portion 40 in which is housed the operating rod 4. An axis 410 is mounted at the end of the operating rod 4 and constitutes the axis of rotation of the pinion 41. The second rack 310 is integral with the arcing contact and movable permanent 3, 5 and arranged being diametrically opposed with the first rack 130 relative to the diameter of the pinion 41. Thanks to such system of racks 130, 310 and pinion 41 secured to the operating rod 4, the translation speed of the arcing contact and moving permanent 3, 5 is doubled with respect to the speed of translation of the operating rod 4. In other words, when the pinion 41 is moved a distance X 1 in the breaking chamber by the operating rod 4, the arcing contact and permanent 3, 5 moves for the same period of time on a double distance 2X 1 , which doubles its speed of translation.

Pour assurer la continuité électrique entre le contact d'amenée 12 du courant depuis l'extérieur de la chambre et le contact d'arc et permanent mobile 2, on peut prévoir au lieu de galets métalliques 30, un élargissement de section 31 sur le contact d'arc et permanent 3, 5 (figure 6). On prévoit en outre de conformer le contact d'amenée sous la forme d'une tulipe 120. Lors d'une manoeuvre, la tulipe 120 coulisse alors sur l'élargissement de section 31 du contact 3, 5.To ensure the electrical continuity between the supply contact 12 of the current from outside the chamber and the arcing and movable permanent contact 2 may be provided instead of metal rollers 30, a sectional enlargement 31 on the contact of bow and permanent 3, 5 ( figure 6 ). Provision is furthermore made to conform the supply contact in the form of a tulip 120. During a maneuver, the tulip 120 then slides on the enlargement of section 31 of the contact 3, 5.

D'autres améliorations peuvent être prévues sans pour autant sortir du cadre de l'invention.Other improvements may be provided without departing from the scope of the invention.

Ainsi, on peut prévoir un ou des capots pare-effluve dans la chambre de coupure 1 pour réduire le champ électrique sur le contact d'arc mobile et permanent 3, 5 plus particulièrement dans la position extrême d'ouverture comme représentée en figure 5.Thus, it is possible to provide one or more corona shields in the breaking chamber 1 for reducing the electric field on the movable and permanent arcing contact 3, more particularly in the extreme open position as shown in FIG. figure 5 .

Si dans le mode illustré de la figure 6, la première crémaillère 130 est agencée dans la partie intérieure du support fixe 130, on peut prévoir de la réaliser sur la partie extérieure 131. Dans ce cas, le contact d'arc 3, 5 est réalisé de manière que le pignon 41 s'engrène entre cette partie supérieure 131 du support fixe 13 et une partie inférieure d'un tube cylindrique supplémentaire relié à la tige de manoeuvre 4. Cela est explicitement montré en figure 1 de la demande de brevet déposée ce jour au nom de la demanderesse sous le numéro FR 10 55323 et intitulée « Chambre de coupure pour disjoncteur haute ou moyenne tension à énergie de manoeuvre réduite ». If in the illustrated mode of the figure 6 , the first rack 130 is arranged in the inner part of the fixed support 130, it can be provided on the outer part 131. In this case, the arc contact 3, 5 is made so that the pinion 41 s' meshes between this upper portion 131 of the fixed support 13 and a lower part of a tube additional cylinder connected to the operating rod 4. This is explicitly shown in figure 1 of the patent application filed today in the name of the plaintiff under the number FR 55323 and entitled "Breaker Room for High and Low Voltage Circuit Breakers with Reduced Maneuvering Energy".

On peut aussi prévoir que le support fixe 13 supportant la crémaillère 130 constitue un contact d'amenée ou de sortie du courant nominal depuis ou vers l'extérieur de la chambre de coupure.It can also be provided that the fixed support 13 supporting the rack 130 constitutes a supply or output contact of the nominal current from or to the outside of the interrupting chamber.

On peut aussi réaliser la tulipe 120 et le support fixe 13 en une seule pièce afin de simplifier la géométrie de la chambre de coupure selon l'invention et de faciliter son montage.The tulip 120 and the fixed support 13 can also be made in one piece in order to simplify the geometry of the breaking chamber according to the invention and to facilitate its assembly.

Enfin, dans le mode de réalisation des figures 1 à 5, la butée mécanique du piston 60 est agencée dans une position intermédiaire de la chambre de compression telle que le volume V1 n'est pas complètement comprimé lorsque le contact mobile 6 est bloqué par ladite butée (figure 5). On peut aussi prévoir que cette butée soit constituée par le fond de la chambre de compression de sorte que le volume V1 est complètement comprimé lorsque le contact mobile 6 est bloqué.Finally, in the embodiment of Figures 1 to 5 , the mechanical stop of the piston 60 is arranged in an intermediate position of the compression chamber such that the volume V1 is not completely compressed when the movable contact 6 is blocked by said stop ( figure 5 ). It is also possible that this stop is constituted by the bottom of the compression chamber so that the volume V1 is completely compressed when the movable contact 6 is blocked.

Quelle que soit la compression du volume V1 envisagée à l'aide du piston de soufflage 60 mobile, le volume d'expansion thermique 70 reste constant/figé et la surpression susceptible de s'y produire à l'intérieur ne peut venir perturber le déplacement du piston 60 sous l'action du ressort 11, et ce pour toute valeur du courant à couper.Whatever the compression of the volume V1 envisaged with the aid of the blowing piston 60 mobile, the thermal expansion volume 70 remains constant / frozen and the pressure that may occur therein can not disturb the displacement piston 60 under the action of the spring 11, and this for any value of the current to be cut.

Claims (7)

  1. Arc chamber (1) for a medium or high voltage circuit breaker (D) extending along a longitudinal axis (XX') and comprising:
    - a pair of permanent contacts (2, 3), of which one (2) is fixed and the other (3) is movable along the longitudinal axis (XX') under the action of an operating rod (4) to which it is connected, for mutually separating between a closed position in which a nominal current can flow through and an open position in which the current is interrupted,
    - a pair of arc contacts (5, 6), of which one (5) is movable along the longitudinal axis (XX') under the action of the operating rod to which it is connected, the translational travel of the movable contact being sufficiently high to carry out the current interruption regardless of its value and to obtain the dielectric strength of the circuit breaker,
    - an arc-blowing nozzle (7) that is secured to the fixed permanent contact (2),
    - a blowing chamber (70) the volume V2 of which is fixed, said blowing chamber opening into the interior of the fixed blowing nozzle through a blowing channel (700) for supplying the blowing gas to the zone where the arc formed between the arc contacts occurs during an interruption,
    - a compression chamber (71) the volume V1 of which varies, said compression chamber opening into the blowing chamber under the action of a piston (60), the compression chamber being arranged substantially behind the blowing chamber (70) parallel to the longitudinal axis XX',
    - a helical spring (11) attached, at one of its ends, directly to the piston (60) and at the other of its ends to a fixed part (8),
    - means for temporary mechanical connection between the piston (60) and the arc contact (5) that is movable under the action of the operating rod (4) in order to compress the spring (11) directly attached to the piston during an operation for closing the contacts and in order to obtain a travel of the movable arc contact that is greater than the travel of the spring that compresses the volume V1, said compression of the gas in the volume V1 being moreover carried out approximately as soon as the arc contacts are separated,
    wherein:
    - the movable arc contact (3) connected to the operating rod (4) constitutes, in addition, the movable permanent contact (5),
    - the temporary connection means are formed by the other arc contact (6), which is also movable with its end resting against the end of the movable arc contact (5) connected to the operating rod, the other movable arc contact (6) being secured to the blowing piston (60),
    - the fixed permanent contact (2) is arranged coaxially and with its periphery resting against the movable arc contact (5) connected to the operating rod in the closed position up to an intermediate open position,
    and the arc chamber comprises a mechanical stop for blocking the movable arc contact that is secured to the blowing piston in a blocking position corresponding to or in the vicinity of the intermediate open position,
    said blocking position constituting the separation position of the arc contacts facing the blowing channel (700),
    characterised in that:
    in the intermediate open position, the periphery of the fixed permanent contact (2) rests against the movable arc contact (6) that is secured to the blowing piston, and in that the compression chamber (71) and the blowing chamber (70) are separated by a valve (701), the valve (701) setting being provided to open said valve by means of an overpressure generated in the compression chamber (71) by the movable piston (60).
  2. Arc chamber according to claim 1, comprising sliding guide means of the arc and movable permanent contact (3, 5) connected to the operating rod (4), arranged between said movable contact (3, 5) and a contact for current supply (12) or current output from outside the arc chamber, the sliding guide means being further adapted to allow the passage of current between the supply (12) or output contact and the arc and movable permanent contact (3, 5).
  3. Arc chamber according to claim 2, wherein the sliding guide means consist of running rollers (30) mounted between the contacts.
  4. Arc chamber according to claim 2, wherein the sliding guide means are formed by a section widening (31) of the arc and movable permanent contact (3, 5).
  5. Arc chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the arc and movable permanent contact (3, 5) is indirectly connected to the operating rod by mechanical transmission means adapted to increase the translational speed ratio between the arc and movable permanent contact and the operating rod.
  6. Arc chamber according to claim 5, wherein the transmission means (130, 310, 41, 410) comprise at least one pinion (41) whose axis of rotation (410) is attached to the operating rod (4), a first rack (130) thereof being fixedly arranged in the arc chamber and a second rack (310) attached to the movable and permanent arc contact (3, 5), the first (130) and second (310) racks being arranged diametrically opposite each other with respect to the diameter of the pinion (41).
  7. Upper-intermediate or high voltage circuit breaker (D), comprising, for a pole, one or more arc chambers (1) according to any of the preceding claims.
EP11172008.2A 2010-07-01 2011-06-29 Arc chamber for a medium- or high-voltage circuit breaker with reduced operating energy and dimensions Active EP2402970B1 (en)

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FR1055322A FR2962253B1 (en) 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 BREAKER CHAMBER FOR MEDIUM-VOLTAGE HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH REDUCED DIMENSIONS

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FR2962253B1 (en) 2012-08-31
FR2962253A1 (en) 2012-01-06
EP2402970A1 (en) 2012-01-04

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