EP2397788A1 - Caloporteur et procédé de fabrication d'un tel caloporteur - Google Patents

Caloporteur et procédé de fabrication d'un tel caloporteur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2397788A1
EP2397788A1 EP10290330A EP10290330A EP2397788A1 EP 2397788 A1 EP2397788 A1 EP 2397788A1 EP 10290330 A EP10290330 A EP 10290330A EP 10290330 A EP10290330 A EP 10290330A EP 2397788 A1 EP2397788 A1 EP 2397788A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
potting compound
elements
heating unit
filling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10290330A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Kohl
Peter Englert
Thomas Spranger
Karl-Gerd Krumbach
Thierry Clauss
Peter Scheck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Mahle Behr France Rouffach SAS
Original Assignee
Behr GmbH and Co KG
Behr France Rouffach SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Behr GmbH and Co KG, Behr France Rouffach SAS filed Critical Behr GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP10290330A priority Critical patent/EP2397788A1/fr
Publication of EP2397788A1 publication Critical patent/EP2397788A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
    • F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F24H9/1872—PTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/262—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an insulated metal plate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H05B2203/023—Heaters of the type used for electrically heating the air blown in a vehicle compartment by the vehicle heating system

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1, a method for producing a heat exchanger according to claim 14 and a method for producing a heat exchanger according to claim 15.
  • Consumption-optimized motor vehicles generate less and less waste heat, which is available for heating the interior of the motor vehicle. Especially in the starting phase and at low outside temperatures, it is therefore necessary to heat for example by means of a Brennstoffzuloomers, an electric heater, an exhaust gas heat exchanger or the like.
  • the electrical heater has proved to be particularly advantageous because they cost, spontaneously noticeable (ie the electrical power is immediately converted into noticeable heat) and space-saving can be installed, which allows easy integration into an air conditioner and the air ducts.
  • the importance of the electric heater is even greater.
  • electrical power of> 3 kW is needed, as a conventional coolant radiator is only conditionally or no longer applicable.
  • the vehicle electrical system voltage is> 60 V, in some cases even> 300 V. Due to the high required heating power at the electric heater this is operated with a high voltage in order to keep the current as low as possible.
  • PTC heaters are commonly used as electric heaters.
  • the conversion of electrical energy from the electrical system into heat takes place in a PTC heating element, which comprises a ceramic thermistor, which is a very temperature-dependent semiconductor resistor.
  • the resistance of the PTC element increases sharply with increasing temperature.
  • a very uniform surface temperature at the PTC element ie applied voltage, nominal resistance, amount of air over the PTC element, etc.
  • This prevents overheating, as z. B. would arise with a normal heating wire, since regardless of the boundary conditions or regardless of whether heat can be delivered, always the same resistance is present, and thereby electrical heating power is introduced.
  • the electrical protection in the form of, for example, an overheating protection is not necessary because the PTC element is de-regulated by its own behavior, ie with increasing temperature, the electrical resistance increases proportionally.
  • the high voltage unit should be dust and waterproof encapsulated to meet the requirements of IP 67 (dust and water resistance up to 1 meter depth) to avoid short circuits.
  • IP 67 dust and water resistance up to 1 meter depth
  • the penetration of dust and water into the high voltage unit is disadvantageous, since they can form a "current bridge", which can then cause a short circuit.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a heat exchanger, in particular an electric heater for a motor vehicle and a method for its production, wherein the heat exchanger is provided with both a contact protection, so that none of the externally accessible electrically conductive components an electric Has potential, and wherein the contact protection process is reliable and the high-voltage heating unit also protects against dirt and moisture entry safely.
  • a heat exchanger in particular an electric heater for a motor vehicle, which has a plurality of alternately juxtaposed corrugated fin elements and heating units and an upper end trough, which comprises a plurality of openings for receiving and fixing the heating units, each heating unit having two electrically conductive Contact plates and arranged between the two electrically conductive contact plates PTC heating elements, which are accommodated in a housing element, wherein at least one space between an inner wall of the housing member and the contact plates is filled with an electrically insulating potting compound, wherein in the housing element at least one positioning element for positioning the heating unit is arranged in the housing element, which has an integrated first filling channel for filling the intermediate space with potting compound.
  • the positioning element with integrated first filling channel thus has two functions: on the one hand it ensures that the casting compound is reliably filled into the intermediate space, and on the other hand, the heating unit is securely positioned or fixed in the housing element. Without an integrated filling channel, a nozzle from which the potting compound flows would have to be applied to the bottom of the housing element, so that the potting compound penetrates from bottom to top into the intermediate space, and then move upwards during filling with the water level, which is very expensive would. However, the potting compound can flow downwards through the first filling channel and enter the intermediate space in the lower region of the first filling channel in order to fill it from bottom to top without bubbles. Depending on the design, the space between the individual PTC heating elements can also be used each heating unit to be completed.
  • the gap is process reliable filled, so that the filling compound filled in the gap permanently, that is over the life of the heat exchanger, provides a secure contact protection. Also, filling the interstice with potting compound of the high-voltage heater unit provides protection against ingress of dirt and moisture since the high-voltage heater unit is "encapsulated" in itself. and all electrically conductive surfaces of accessible external components are potential-free.
  • the housing element is a rectangular tube, an oval tube or a flow press.
  • the rectangular tube is made as a extruded part, the upper end pan and the lower bottom plate may be integrally formed therewith.
  • the rectangular tube or the oval tube or extruded part is used for retrofitting a prefabricated and provided with at least one positioning heating unit, which is inserted into the rectangular tube, the oval tube or the extruded part.
  • the tube width of a rectangular tube is between 2.5 to 10 mm.
  • the thickness of the contact sheets is preferably in the range between 0.2 to 1.5 mm and the thickness of the individual PTC heating elements between 0.8 to 3 mm.
  • the positioning element is designed as a position bar, which is provided at a lower end portion with at least one opening through which the potting compound enters during filling of the heating unit in the intermediate space.
  • the position bar is formed with an undercut.
  • the undercut has the task in a possibly occurring demolition of the contact between the Potting compound and the contact plate to create no direct air gap between the contact plate and the housing element.
  • a lower bottom plate is further provided, which is arranged spaced from a lower end portion of each heating unit of the plurality of heating units as a separate component.
  • the lower bottom plate may also be formed integrally on each housing element or on each rectangular tube, which in this case is, for example, a flow-molded part.
  • one, preferably two, side parts may be provided.
  • the gap has a gap which is in a range of 0.3 to 2.0 mm. This range is particularly preferred because the thinner the gap, the higher the heat conduction. However, if the gap is too narrow, there is the risk that air pockets may occur in the potting compound, which results in the risk of a flashover. On the other hand, wider gaps can be filled better, but here the heat extraction is worse.
  • the potting compound is electrically insulating and has a good thermal conductivity.
  • the heat from the PTC heating elements must be transferred via the contact plates and the potting compound to the housing element and then to the air-side corrugated fins. The largest temperature response will be in the potting compound, which should therefore have a good thermal conductivity.
  • the potting compound is curable, in particular by heat or by the addition of chemical curing agents, and heat stable, especially at continuous temperatures around 200 ° C.
  • the potting compound, which serves as a heat transfer medium is particular viscous during processing and solid hardening during operation. The hardness during operation can go up to a Shore hardness of A to D.
  • the potting compound contains thermally conductive fillers, in particular aluminum oxide, boron nitride and / or silicon carbide.
  • the base of the potting compound of resin or silicone Preferably, the base of the potting compound of resin or silicone.
  • the potting compound which is used as a heat transfer medium, advantageously separates electrical and thermal flows.
  • the upper end trough is at least partially filled with potting compound.
  • the potting compound When filling the gap, the potting compound, if it completely fills the gap, then also enters the top of the upper tundish, there to isolate the high voltage unit galvanic to "outside". In addition, this provides for improved heat transfer to the outside.
  • the function of the upper end tray as "overflow basin" when filling with potting compound is also advantageous because the amount of potting compound is not precisely metered.
  • the upper end pan also has the function of receiving the housing elements and provides an overall structure during the soldering of the blank.
  • the ceramic elements have a 10 times higher thermal conductivity than the potting compound. Thus, the proportion of heat and thus energy transferring solids is significantly increased throughout the system.
  • the at least one ceramic element is designed as a ceramic rod or as a ceramic plate, which defines a minimum distance of the inner wall of the housing member and the one of the two contact plates.
  • the ceramic elements also ensure that the heating unit in the housing element is mechanically accurately positioned.
  • the remaining film of potting compound between the surface of the ceramic element and the component surface compensates for unevenness in a flexible manner, thereby better admitting the hard inflexible ceramic surface to the metal surfaces of, for example, the housing element.
  • the components of the heat exchanger made of metal, in particular made of aluminum.
  • a gap is formed between the positioning and the PTC elements of the heating unit, which serves as a second filling channel for filling a cavity between the respective PTC heating elements of the heating unit with potting compound.
  • the invention also provides a method for producing a heat exchanger, comprising the following steps: producing a blank for a heat exchanger, which has a multiplicity of alternatingly arranged corrugated rib elements and housing elements, in particular rectangular tubes, for receiving heating units and an upper terminating trough; Inserting a respective heating unit into each of the housing elements, wherein each heating unit comprises two electrically conductive contact plates and PTC heating elements arranged between the two electrically conductive contact plates and at least one position element with an integrated first filling channel for filling at least one intermediate space between an inner wall of the Housing element and the respective contact plates, and filling the first filling channel with a potting compound, wherein the potting compound enters through an opening at a lower end portion of the first filling channel into the intermediate space and fills it from bottom to top.
  • the potting compound can flow down through the first filling channel, emerge at the lower region of the first filling channel in the intermediate space, where it is deflected and then fills the gap from bottom to top.
  • the space between the PTC heating elements are filled.
  • the inventive method is also very flexible, since a separate prefabrication of heat exchanger blank and heating unit is possible.
  • Another inventive method for producing a heat exchanger comprises the following steps: producing a blank for a heat exchanger, which has a plurality of alternately juxtaposed corrugated fin elements and housing elements, in particular rectangular tubes, for receiving heating units and an upper end trough; at least partially filling each of the plurality of housing elements with a potting compound; and inserting a respective heating unit into each of the housing elements, wherein each heating unit has two electrically conductive contact plates and between the two electrically conductive contact plates arranged PTC heating elements and at least one position element to which a stop is disposed at a lower end portion.
  • the stop guarantees to realize a defined distance of the heating unit and at the same time prevents the heating unit from slipping downwards. Since in the method according to the invention the prefabricated heating unit is introduced with the position elements in the potting compound, the potting compound fills by filling all to be filled gaps and gaps reliably.
  • the insertion of the heating unit can be carried out under ambient pressure.
  • the stop may be designed intgegral with the positioning element according to a preferred embodiment. Alternatively, however, the stop can also be arranged as a separate insert at the lower end portion of the positioning element.
  • the heating unit including the positioning elements may preferably be designed to be streamlined in order to minimize the formation of air bubbles during insertion.
  • the upper end trough is provided as a separate component.
  • the upper end trough may also be formed integrally on each housing element, if this is produced, for example, as extruded part.
  • the insertion can be realized in stages with small residence breaks.
  • the potting compound can be given time to displace.
  • Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a prefabricated blank 1 for a heat exchanger according to one embodiment.
  • the blank 1 consists essentially of a plurality of housing elements 2, which are formed here as rectangular tubes 3, and in which the heating units, not shown here, are insertable. Between each two rectangular tubes 3, a corrugated fin element 4 is arranged, so that the plurality of housing elements 2 arranged alternately side by side with a plurality of corrugated rib elements 4 form a block 5.
  • the block 5 is fixed at its upper end by an upper end trough 6, which has a plurality of openings 9, through which respective upper end portions 8 of the housing elements 2 and rectangular tubes 3 can be passed, and fixed at its lower end by a lower bottom plate 7, which has a plurality of receptacles 10, in which the lower end portions 11 of the housing elements 2 and rectangular tubes 3 can be used.
  • side parts not shown here may additionally be provided on the blank 1 in addition. All parts of the blank 1 are made of aluminum and fixed together by means of soldering. It thereby creates an intimate bond and good heat conduction to the air or to another medium to be heated, such as water.
  • the parts of the blank 1 can also be fixed to one another by means of gluing or mechanical clamping.
  • the upper end trough 6 and the lower bottom plate 7 can be retrofitted after soldering the rectangular tubes 3 and the corrugated fin elements 4, For example, in a case where these two components are made of plastic instead of aluminum.
  • Fig. 2 shows an exploded view of the blank 1 of Fig. 1 which, as described above in the embodiment, consists of a plurality of rectangular tubes 3, a plurality of corrugated fin elements 4, an upper end trough 6 and a lower bottom plate 7.
  • the rectangular tubes 3 are formed in the embodiment as open tubes, which are sealed down, for example by means of soldering to the bottom plate 7 through them.
  • flow pressings can be used, which are closed on one side. In this case could then be dispensed with the lower bottom plate 7.
  • Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of a finished and already filled with an electrically insulating and highly thermally conductive potting compound 13 heat exchanger 12 according to one embodiment. It can be seen that the potting compound 13 not only within the rectangular tubes 3, as later in connection with the FIGS. 5A to 5D is still described, and there the electrical high voltage unit galvanically separates to "outside", but at the same time provides the heat transfer, but also exits up into the upper end tray 6 and thus in the upper region for a galvanic isolation of the electrical from the outside touchable part, here the rectangular tubes 3, provides. As can still be seen, only the contact lugs 14, 14 'of the respective heating units protrude out of the potting compound 13.
  • Fig. 4A, 4B show respective exploded views of a heating unit 15 according to one embodiment.
  • Each heating unit 15 consists of a multiplicity of PTC heating elements 16, here three, and two contact plates 17, 17 ', which define the + and - pol, which are on both sides of the PTC heating elements 16 are arranged.
  • the heating unit 15 comprises positioning elements 19, which in Fig. 4A as two positioning bars and in Fig. 4B as a one-piece positioning frame, on which at a lower end portion 28 a stop not shown here is arranged.
  • the stop can also be provided as a separate insert. In both cases, it serves to space the heating unit 15 down, for example, from the lower base plate 7.
  • the heating unit 15 is the current-carrying and heating unit of the heat exchanger 12. It must be electrically galvanically isolated to the outside and still ensure the best possible heat flow to the outside.
  • Each heating unit 15 can be prefabricated.
  • the heating unit 15 can be prefabricated with a silicone adhesive.
  • Figs. 5A to 5D show respective representations of the process steps in a filling method according to an embodiment.
  • a PTC heating elements 16, the contact plates 17, 17 'and the positioning elements 19 comprehensive heating unit 15 is already introduced into the housing element 2 and rectangular tube 3, which is completed by the lower bottom plate 7.
  • Each of the positioning elements 19 is provided with a first filling channel 18, in which by means of the nozzles 20, the sealing compound 13 is filled filled from above.
  • the potting compound 13 In order not to form any air pockets in the intermediate space 21 to be filled between the contact plates 17, 17 'and an inner wall of the housing element 2 or rectangular tube 3, the potting compound 13 must penetrate from the bottom to the top in the intermediate space 21.
  • the positioning elements 19 thus have two functions: On the one hand, they ensure that the potting compound 13 penetrates from the bottom to the top and, on the other hand, they position the heating unit 15 in the rectangular tube 3. As in FIG Fig. 5B can be seen, the potting compound 13 first fills the respective positioning elements 19 from top to bottom, is then deflected at a gap between the lower bottom plate 7 and the heating unit 15 and then fills the gap 21 from bottom to top ( Fig. 5C .
  • the intermediate space between the three PTC heating elements 16 can also be filled with potting compound 13.
  • the potting compound 13 during processing is liquid and cures to a solid mass with a Shore hardness A to D, depending on the composition of.
  • the potting compound 13 ensures a separation of the electrical current flows from the thermal fluxes.
  • the base of the potting compound 13 consists of resin or alternatively also of silicone and contains heat-conductive particles of silicon carbide, boron nitride or aluminum oxide.
  • the filling process described above takes place in a vacuum. Alternatively, it can also be carried out at atmospheric pressure. The selection of the prevailing pressure takes place in accordance with the gap dimension of the intermediate space 21 to be filled.
  • An increase in the heat transfer from the inner wall of the rectangular tube 3 to the potting compound 13 can be achieved by the method described below.
  • the inner wall of the rectangular tube 3 is provided with a rough boron nitride surface. This increases the heat transfer surface.
  • the boron nitride is in this case baked into the aluminum surface of the rectangular tube 3, so that the thermal interface transition to the metal surface is further optimized.
  • This special coating is produced during a CAB brazing process.
  • a certain amount of boron nitride particles is added to a potassium aluminum flux, which is preferably between 2% and 20 ° C.
  • the potassium aluminum flux melts during the soldering process and forms the matrix for the boron nitride particles
  • a mixed phase of boron nitride, aluminum oxide and potassium aluminum fluoride is formed, while the flux crystallizes out with the boride particles on the surface, forming a rough, highly thermally conductive boron nitride -Surface.
  • Fig. 6 shows a sectional view of a housed in a housing element 2 and rectangular tube 3 heating unit 15 according to one embodiment.
  • each positioning element 19 is provided with a first filling channel 18, in which the potting compound 13 is filled to fill the gap 21 between an inner wall 22 of the rectangular tube 3 and the respective contact plates 17, 17 '.
  • only one of the two positioning elements 19 may be equipped with the first filling channel 18.
  • a gap 26 is provided, which serves as a second filling channel 27 to a cavity 29 (see Figs. 5A to 5D ) between the individual PTC heating elements 16 of each heating unit 15 to fill potting compound 13.
  • the potting compound, which is arranged between the PTC heating elements 16, contributes to even better heat dissipation to the outside.
  • the positioning elements 19 are each provided with an undercut 23, which serves that in a demolition of the contact between potting compound 13 and contact plate 17, 17 'no direct air gap between the contact plate 17, 17' and rectangular tube 3 arises.
  • Fig. 7 shows a sectional view of a housed in a housing element 2 or rectangular tube 3 heating unit 15 according to a further embodiment, which differs from the in Fig. 6 illustrated embodiment differs in that additional ceramic elements 24 are provided in the intermediate space 21 in order to achieve an improvement in the transfer of heat energy, without increasing the P
  • the ceramic elements 24 are formed as fine ceramic rods. Alternatively, they may also be formed as ceramic sheets, which after filling and the introduction of the heating unit 15 additionally between the inner wall 22 of the rectangular tube 3 and the respective contact plates 17, 17 'are introduced.
  • the ceramic elements 24 are smaller in diameter than the gap of the gap 21, but define a minimum distance of the heating unit 15 to the inner wall 22 of the rectangular tube 3 over the entire tube length.
  • the ceramic elements 24 have a tenfold higher heat conduction than the potting compound 13, so that the proportion of heat-transferring solids is thereby significantly increased.
  • the heating unit 15 is thereby mechanically accurately positioned in the rectangular tube 3.
  • the remaining film of potting compound 13 between the ceramic surface and the component surface compensates for unevenness in a flexible manner and thereby better adapts the hard inflexible ceramic surface to the metal surfaces.
  • FIGS. 8A to 8E show respective representations of the process steps in a filling process according to another embodiment.
  • the positioning elements 19, which are fixed to the heating unit 15 by means of clipping, gluing or mechanically fixed have no filling channel.
  • the potting compound 13 is first filled in a prefabricated soldered blank 1 or in each of the rectangular tubes 3, so that it partially fills them ( Fig. 8A ).
  • the filling level is dependent on the displacement amount of the heating unit 15 to be subsequently introduced.
  • the heating unit 15 is introduced with the positioning elements 19 fixed thereto in a respective rectangular tube 3 ( Fig.
  • the potting compound 13 fills all the gaps to be filled, especially the intermediate space 21.
  • the insertion of the heating unit 15 can be carried out under ambient pressure. A brief, easy evacuation of the filled blank 1 can be carried out before the insertion and possibly after the complete insertion of the heating unit 15. So can still existing Air bubbles escape. The insertion can also be carried out in stages with small residence breaks to give the potting compound 13 time to displace.
  • Fig. 9 shows a perspective view of the in Fig. 8D illustrated process step in which the heating unit 15 is already immersed in the potting compound 13, but not yet touches on the lower base plate 7.
  • Fig. 10 shows a sectional view of a housed in a housing element 2 and rectangular tube 3 heating unit 15 according to a further embodiment, which differs from the in Fig. 6 illustrated embodiment distinguished by the formation of the positioning elements 19, which are formed here without the first filling channel 18 and without the undercut 23.
  • Fig. 11 shows a perspective view of an end portion of a completed heat exchanger 12 and a single housing element 2 and rectangular tube 3. As can be seen here, occur at the upper end trough 6 of the potting compound 13, only the contact lugs 14, 14 'from. Also, by a joint 25 on the narrow longitudinal side of the rectangular tube 3, the potting compound 13 exits.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a heating unit 15 accommodated in a housing element 2 or rectangular tube 3 according to a further embodiment.
  • the potting compound 13 has entered the upper end trough 6 upwards beyond the heating unit 15 and almost completely fills it, so that only the contact lugs 14, 14 'project out of it.
  • Fig. 13A shows a sectional view through a housing member 2 with therein heating unit 15, while Fig. 13B a 90 ° rotated about the longitudinal axis L sectional view through the in Fig. 13A shown housing element 2 shows.
  • the housing element 2 or rectangular tube 3 is produced as extruded part, wherein both upper end trough 6, which serves as an overflow for emerging from the rectangular tube 3 potting compound 13 and the lower bottom plate 7 are integrally formed therewith.
  • both upper end trough 6 may be integrally formed on the rectangular tube 3, in which case a separate lower bottom plate 7 is provided.
  • only the lower bottom plate 7 may be integrally formed on the rectangular tube 3, in which case a separate upper end trough 6 is provided.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
EP10290330A 2010-06-17 2010-06-17 Caloporteur et procédé de fabrication d'un tel caloporteur Withdrawn EP2397788A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10290330A EP2397788A1 (fr) 2010-06-17 2010-06-17 Caloporteur et procédé de fabrication d'un tel caloporteur

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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EP10290330A EP2397788A1 (fr) 2010-06-17 2010-06-17 Caloporteur et procédé de fabrication d'un tel caloporteur

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EP2397788A1 true EP2397788A1 (fr) 2011-12-21

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Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013103433A1 (de) 2012-04-13 2013-10-17 Dbk David + Baader Gmbh Elektrischer Zuheizer
WO2014176988A1 (fr) * 2013-04-28 2014-11-06 Shenzhen Byd Auto R&D Company Limited Chauffage électrique, dégivreur, système de chauffage et de climatisation et véhicule
EP3101365A1 (fr) * 2015-06-02 2016-12-07 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif de chauffage électrique
EP3101998A1 (fr) * 2015-06-02 2016-12-07 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Élément de chauffage ptc et dispositif de chauffage électrique comprenant un tel élément de chauffage ptc et procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif de chauffage électrique
DE102016203939A1 (de) * 2016-03-10 2017-09-14 Mahle International Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Heizen von Fluiden
EP3401617A1 (fr) 2017-05-12 2018-11-14 Mahle International GmbH Dispositif de chauffage électrique
DE102017208086A1 (de) * 2017-05-12 2018-11-15 Mahle International Gmbh Elektrische Heizeinrichtung
WO2019079302A1 (fr) * 2017-10-19 2019-04-25 Tom Richards, Inc. Ensemble de transfert de chaleur
EP3503671A1 (fr) * 2017-12-22 2019-06-26 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de chauffage électrique ainsi que son procédé de fabrication
US10363797B2 (en) 2013-06-03 2019-07-30 Borgwarner Ludwigsburg Gmbh Vehicle heater
US10524310B2 (en) 2015-06-02 2019-12-31 Eberspächer Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg PTC heating element and electric heating device for an automotive vehicle comprising such a PTC heating element
DE102018215398A1 (de) * 2018-09-11 2020-03-12 Mahle International Gmbh Elektrische Heizeinrichtung
DE102018217030A1 (de) * 2018-10-04 2020-04-09 Mahle International Gmbh Elektrische Heizeinrichtung
DE102018218667A1 (de) * 2018-10-31 2020-04-30 Mahle International Gmbh PTC-Heizmodul und ein Verfahren zum Herstellen des PTC-Heizmoduls
DE102020113402A1 (de) 2020-05-18 2021-11-18 Eberspächer Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrische Heizvorrichtung
EP3945747A1 (fr) * 2020-07-26 2022-02-02 Valeo Klimasysteme GmbH Tube pour un chauffage électrique
US11672982B2 (en) 2018-11-13 2023-06-13 Onward Medical N.V. Control system for movement reconstruction and/or restoration for a patient
US11691015B2 (en) 2017-06-30 2023-07-04 Onward Medical N.V. System for neuromodulation
US11752342B2 (en) 2019-02-12 2023-09-12 Onward Medical N.V. System for neuromodulation
US11839766B2 (en) 2019-11-27 2023-12-12 Onward Medical N.V. Neuromodulation system
FR3137811A1 (fr) * 2022-07-11 2024-01-12 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de chauffage electrique pour vehicule automobile
US11957910B2 (en) 2011-01-03 2024-04-16 California Institute Of Technology High density epidural stimulation for facilitation of locomotion, posture, voluntary movement, and recovery of autonomic, sexual, vasomotor, and cognitive function after neurological injury
US11992684B2 (en) 2017-12-05 2024-05-28 Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) System for planning and/or providing neuromodulation
US12023492B2 (en) 2021-06-14 2024-07-02 The Regents Of The University Of California Non invasive neuromodulation device for enabling recovery of motor, sensory, autonomic, sexual, vasomotor and cognitive function

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US11957910B2 (en) 2011-01-03 2024-04-16 California Institute Of Technology High density epidural stimulation for facilitation of locomotion, posture, voluntary movement, and recovery of autonomic, sexual, vasomotor, and cognitive function after neurological injury
DE102013103433A1 (de) 2012-04-13 2013-10-17 Dbk David + Baader Gmbh Elektrischer Zuheizer
WO2014176988A1 (fr) * 2013-04-28 2014-11-06 Shenzhen Byd Auto R&D Company Limited Chauffage électrique, dégivreur, système de chauffage et de climatisation et véhicule
US9879880B2 (en) 2013-04-28 2018-01-30 Shenzhen Byd Auto R&D Company Limited Electric heater, and apparatus, heating and air conditioning system, and vehicle comprising the same
US10363797B2 (en) 2013-06-03 2019-07-30 Borgwarner Ludwigsburg Gmbh Vehicle heater
EP3101365A1 (fr) * 2015-06-02 2016-12-07 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif de chauffage électrique
EP3101998A1 (fr) * 2015-06-02 2016-12-07 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Élément de chauffage ptc et dispositif de chauffage électrique comprenant un tel élément de chauffage ptc et procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif de chauffage électrique
CN106231700A (zh) * 2015-06-02 2016-12-14 埃贝赫卡腾有限两合公司 Ptc加热元件和包括这种ptc加热元件的电加热装置和用于生产电加热装置的方法
CN106231700B (zh) * 2015-06-02 2020-04-24 埃贝赫卡腾有限两合公司 Ptc加热元件和包括这种ptc加热元件的电加热装置和用于生产电加热装置的方法
US10524310B2 (en) 2015-06-02 2019-12-31 Eberspächer Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg PTC heating element and electric heating device for an automotive vehicle comprising such a PTC heating element
US10485059B2 (en) 2015-06-02 2019-11-19 Eberspacher Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg PTC heating element and electric heating device comprising such a PTC heating element and method for producing an electric heating device
DE102016203939A1 (de) * 2016-03-10 2017-09-14 Mahle International Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Heizen von Fluiden
DE102017208086A1 (de) * 2017-05-12 2018-11-15 Mahle International Gmbh Elektrische Heizeinrichtung
EP3401617A1 (fr) 2017-05-12 2018-11-14 Mahle International GmbH Dispositif de chauffage électrique
US11691015B2 (en) 2017-06-30 2023-07-04 Onward Medical N.V. System for neuromodulation
WO2019079302A1 (fr) * 2017-10-19 2019-04-25 Tom Richards, Inc. Ensemble de transfert de chaleur
US11118810B2 (en) 2017-10-19 2021-09-14 Tom Richards, Inc. Heat transfer assembly
US11992684B2 (en) 2017-12-05 2024-05-28 Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) System for planning and/or providing neuromodulation
CN109963362A (zh) * 2017-12-22 2019-07-02 埃贝赫卡腾有限两合公司 电加热装置及其制造方法
DE102017223779A1 (de) * 2017-12-22 2019-06-27 Eberspächer Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrische Heizvorrichtung sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben
EP3503671A1 (fr) * 2017-12-22 2019-06-26 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de chauffage électrique ainsi que son procédé de fabrication
CN109963362B (zh) * 2017-12-22 2022-01-18 埃贝赫卡腾有限两合公司 电加热装置及其制造方法
DE102018215398A1 (de) * 2018-09-11 2020-03-12 Mahle International Gmbh Elektrische Heizeinrichtung
US11420499B2 (en) 2018-09-11 2022-08-23 Mahle International Gmbh Electric heating device
DE102018217030A1 (de) * 2018-10-04 2020-04-09 Mahle International Gmbh Elektrische Heizeinrichtung
US11765792B2 (en) 2018-10-31 2023-09-19 Mahle International Gmbh PTC heating module and a method for producing the PTC heating module
DE102018218667A1 (de) * 2018-10-31 2020-04-30 Mahle International Gmbh PTC-Heizmodul und ein Verfahren zum Herstellen des PTC-Heizmoduls
US11672982B2 (en) 2018-11-13 2023-06-13 Onward Medical N.V. Control system for movement reconstruction and/or restoration for a patient
US11752342B2 (en) 2019-02-12 2023-09-12 Onward Medical N.V. System for neuromodulation
US11839766B2 (en) 2019-11-27 2023-12-12 Onward Medical N.V. Neuromodulation system
DE102020113402A1 (de) 2020-05-18 2021-11-18 Eberspächer Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrische Heizvorrichtung
EP3945747A1 (fr) * 2020-07-26 2022-02-02 Valeo Klimasysteme GmbH Tube pour un chauffage électrique
US12023492B2 (en) 2021-06-14 2024-07-02 The Regents Of The University Of California Non invasive neuromodulation device for enabling recovery of motor, sensory, autonomic, sexual, vasomotor and cognitive function
FR3137811A1 (fr) * 2022-07-11 2024-01-12 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de chauffage electrique pour vehicule automobile
WO2024013082A1 (fr) * 2022-07-11 2024-01-18 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de chauffage électrique pour véhicule automobile

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