EP2394273B1 - High voltage electric transmission cable - Google Patents

High voltage electric transmission cable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2394273B1
EP2394273B1 EP10708260A EP10708260A EP2394273B1 EP 2394273 B1 EP2394273 B1 EP 2394273B1 EP 10708260 A EP10708260 A EP 10708260A EP 10708260 A EP10708260 A EP 10708260A EP 2394273 B1 EP2394273 B1 EP 2394273B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cable according
coating
cable
layer
composite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10708260A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2394273B3 (en
EP2394273A1 (en
Inventor
Sophie Barbeau
Daniel Guery
Michel Martin
Claus-Friedrich Theune
Michael Meyer
Corinne Poulard
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Nexans SA
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Nexans SA
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Publication date
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Priority to PL10708260T priority Critical patent/PL2394273T3/en
Publication of EP2394273A1 publication Critical patent/EP2394273A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2394273B1 publication Critical patent/EP2394273B1/en
Publication of EP2394273B3 publication Critical patent/EP2394273B3/en
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
    • H01B7/22—Metal wires or tapes, e.g. made of steel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B5/08—Several wires or the like stranded in the form of a rope
    • H01B5/10—Several wires or the like stranded in the form of a rope stranded around a space, insulating material, or dissimilar conducting material
    • H01B5/102—Several wires or the like stranded in the form of a rope stranded around a space, insulating material, or dissimilar conducting material stranded around a high tensile strength core
    • H01B5/105—Several wires or the like stranded in the form of a rope stranded around a space, insulating material, or dissimilar conducting material stranded around a high tensile strength core composed of synthetic filaments, e.g. glass-fibres
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/303—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups H01B3/38 or H01B3/302
    • H01B3/305—Polyamides or polyesteramides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
    • H01B7/182—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring comprising synthetic filaments
    • H01B7/1825—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring comprising synthetic filaments forming part of a high tensile strength core
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
    • H01B7/22—Metal wires or tapes, e.g. made of steel
    • H01B7/221—Longitudinally placed metal wires or tapes
    • H01B7/223—Longitudinally placed metal wires or tapes forming part of a high tensile strength core

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric cable. It typically, but not exclusively, applies to high voltage electrical transmission cables or overhead power transmission cables, well known under OHL "OverHead Lines". Last generation electric transmission cables typically have a relatively high operating temperature, which can be greater than 90 ° C, and reach 200 ° C and higher.
  • thermosetting matrix of its composite reinforcing element can undergo a thermo-oxidation, especially related to oxygen air, which generates a chemical degradation and thereby an increase in the porosity of said matrix.
  • thermo-oxidation especially related to oxygen air
  • the mechanical properties of the composite reinforcing element, in particular the organic matrix that composes it can significantly decrease and lead to the rupture of the electric transmission cable.
  • said organic matrix is subject to any type of external compounds, other than oxygen in the air, which can also degrade the composite reinforcing element.
  • each composite wire may be surrounded by a heat-resistant protective layer.
  • the aluminum coating does not optimize or the weight of the electrical cable, especially when it is of the OHL type, nor the mechanical properties of the cable, including its flexibility.
  • the aluminum coating is affixed with a significant heat input which tends to thermally degrade the composite son.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the techniques of the prior art.
  • the coating of the invention is devoid of joints or openings.
  • the waterproof coating advantageously protects the composite reinforcing element, whatever its nature, against any aggressions to which it could be sensitive, these attacks coming from external compounds surrounding the electric cable.
  • the waterproof coating in the operational configuration of the electrical cable, prevents any penetration of said outer compounds from outside said coating to the reinforcing composite element or elements.
  • the outer compounds may be, for example, oxygen in the air.
  • the sealed coating avoids the thermo-oxidation of the organic matrix of the reinforcing composite element.
  • the external compounds can also be moisture, ozone, pollution, or UV radiation, or come from coatings or residues of drawing oil during the manufacture of the electric cable, especially during the placing the conductive element or elements around the reinforcing composite element or elements.
  • the waterproof coating also has the advantage of protecting the reinforcing composite element (s) during the placement of accessories such as joints or anchors, or during the cutting of the conductive element of the cable, and also to protect it against 'abrasion.
  • the electric cable according to the invention has, on the one hand, a weight optimized for use as an OHL cable, and on the other hand very good mechanical properties, including flexibility: the waterproof coating of the invention thus does not degrade the flexibility of said electric cable provided by the reinforcing composite element or elements.
  • the flexibility of the electric cable of the invention makes it possible to avoid damaging the cable when on the one hand, it is wound on a drum to transport it, and when on the other hand, it passes on de-braking and / or pulleys when installed between two electrical pylons.
  • the implementation of the waterproof coating is not only greatly facilitated, but also avoids any thermal degradation of the composite or reinforcing elements.
  • the waterproof coating of the invention can be advantageously obtained by heat treatment of a metallic material and / or a polymeric material.
  • the waterproof coating comprises at least one metal layer obtained by heat treatment of a metallic material, the heat treatment making it possible to obtain the tightness of the coating.
  • this "metallic" waterproof coating participates in transporting the energy of the electric cable in operation when it is in direct contact with the conductive element.
  • the current flowing in the latter will therefore be divided between the sealed coating and the conductive element according to their respective electrical resistances.
  • At least one metal layer means a coating comprising one or more layers of a metal or a metal alloy.
  • the coating is called complex coating.
  • the metal layer is obtained by welding along the metal material in the form of a strip, the weld thus making it possible to obtain the seal.
  • the metal layer is obtained by helical welding of the metallic material in the form of a ribbon, the welding thus making it possible to obtain the seal.
  • the welding of the metal strip or the metal strip can be carried out by techniques well known to those skilled in the art, namely by laser welding or by arc welding. electric under protective gas (TIG for anglicism "Tungsten Inert Gas” or MIG for Anglisicme “Metal Inert Gas”).
  • the very small thickness of the waterproof coating advantageously facilitates the winding of the metallic material around the reinforcing composite element (s) prior to welding.
  • the so-called "metallic" coating, or metal layer is corrugated or corrugated, in particular to obtain a better flexibility of said coating.
  • the sealed metal coating has on its outer surface parallel or helical corrugations.
  • the metallic material is a metal or a metal alloy, and may be more particularly selected from steel, steel alloys, aluminum, aluminum alloys , copper, and copper alloys.
  • the waterproof coating comprises at least one polymeric layer obtained by heat treatment of a polymeric material, the heat treatment making it possible to obtain the tightness of the coating.
  • the polymeric layer is obtained by softening the polymeric material.
  • softening is meant a temperature capable of rendering the polymeric material, or softening temperature, malleable in order to make it watertight.
  • the softening temperature is a temperature higher than the melting temperature of the polymeric material.
  • the polymeric material may be selected from polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene polymer (FEP), and polyoxymethylene (POM), or a mixture thereof.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • FEP fluorinated ethylene polymer
  • POM polyoxymethylene
  • a ribbon of FEP may be used to helically surround the composite element (s) with a non-zero recovery rate.
  • This FEP tape is then heat-treated by heating at a temperature of about 250 ° C above its melting temperature to make the tape tight.
  • the first embodiment is, however, preferred over the second embodiment. Indeed, a metal-type waterproof coating provides better sealing and protection than a polymeric layer-type waterproof coating.
  • the waterproof coating comprises at least one polymeric layer and at least one metal layer respectively obtained by heat treatment of a polymeric material and a metallic material.
  • said waterproofing coating is a complex coating.
  • the waterproof coating surrounding the composite element or elements may be in the form of a tube.
  • the tube is conventionally a hollow cylinder whose thickness is substantially constant along the tube.
  • the internal diameter of the tube may or may not be identical along said tube.
  • This tubular shape advantageously makes it possible to improve the mechanical characteristics in rupture of the electric cable by uniformly distributing the mechanical stresses that may be caused by the compression of the conductive elements and / or the waterproof coating during the installation of the electric cable of the OHL type. .
  • anchoring accessories are necessary. These accessories make it possible to mechanically link the electric cable to an electrical pylon on which it must be installed. Similarly to connect two lengths of electrical cable according to the invention, junction accessories are used.
  • Said tube may have an inside diameter greater than or equal to the outside diameter in which are inscribed the reinforcing composite element or elements.
  • this inside diameter is greater than the outside diameter in which are inscribed the reinforcing composite element or elements, the tube is in particular a metal tube.
  • the step of obtaining the metal tube may be followed by a step intended to reduce, or in other words to reduce, the internal diameter of the tube metallic.
  • the thickness of said coating may be at most 600 microns, and preferably at most 300 microns.
  • the thickness of said coating may preferably range from 150 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of said coating may preferably range from 150 ⁇ m to 600 ⁇ m.
  • the organic matrix of the reinforcing composite element can, for its part, be chosen from a thermoplastic matrix and a thermosetting matrix, or a mixture thereof.
  • the organic matrix is a thermosetting matrix.
  • thermosetting matrix may be chosen from epoxies, vinyl esters, polyimides, polyesters, cyanate esters, phenolics, bismaleimides, and polyurethanes, or a mixture thereof.
  • the reinforcing element (s) of the reinforcing composite element may be chosen from (continuous) fibers, nanofibers, and nanotubes, or a mixture thereof.
  • the (continuous) fibers may be chosen from carbon, glass, aramid (Kevlar), ceramic, titanium, tungsten, graphite, boron, poly (p) fibers. phenyl-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (Zylon), basalt, and alumina.
  • Nanofibers can be carbon nanofibers.
  • the nanotubes may be carbon nanotubes.
  • the reinforcing element or elements that make up the composite element of the invention may be of the same nature or of a different nature.
  • the preferred reinforcing composite members are carbon or glass fibers at least partially embedded in a thermosetting matrix of epoxy, phenolic, bismaleimide or cyanate ester type.
  • the reinforcement element (s) are positioned within an area delimited by the surrounding waterproof coating.
  • said zone does not comprise optical fibers.
  • optical fibers the presence of optical fibers at the reinforcing composite element or elements, or in other words in the interior zone delimited by the waterproof coating, can only drastically limit the mechanical reinforcement properties of the electrical cable and therefore does not correspond to the properties required for OHL electric cables.
  • the optical fibers are very sensitive to the mechanical stresses exerted on them, and therefore these mechanical stresses must be limited to the maximum. They can not therefore be considered as composite reinforcing elements of an electric cable according to the invention, even when embedded in a polymer resin.
  • the electrical cable of the invention may still include one or more optical fibers, these optical fibers then being positioned around the waterproof coating.
  • the electrical conductive element of the invention which surrounds the waterproof coating, it may preferably be metallic, in particular based on aluminum, namely either solely of aluminum or of aluminum alloy such as, for example, aluminum alloy. aluminum and zirconium.
  • Aluminum or aluminum alloy has the advantage of having a significantly optimized electrical conductivity / specific weight pair, particularly with respect to copper.
  • the conductive element of the invention may be conventionally an assembly of son (or strands) metal whose cross section may be round or not, or a combination of both. When they are not round in shape, the cross section of these wires may be, for example, trapezoidal or Z-shaped. The different types of shape are defined in IEC 62219.
  • the electric cable may further comprise a neutral gas, such as argon, between the waterproof coating and the reinforcing composite element or elements.
  • a neutral gas such as argon
  • the electrical cable may further comprise an electrically insulating layer positioned between the waterproof coating and the reinforcing composite element or elements.
  • This layer may be a layer of a heat-resistant polymer material, such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK). It can surround including at least one of the composite elements, each composite element, or the assembly formed by the (all) composite elements.
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • This electrically insulating layer advantageously makes it possible to avoid the appearance of galvanic current between the composite element of reinforcement and the waterproof coating when the latter is metallic.
  • An electrically insulating layer surrounding the assembly formed by the reinforcing composite element (s) will preferably be used, this single electrically insulating layer being sufficient to avoid the appearance of galvanic current.
  • this layer surrounding all the reinforcing composite elements advantageously facilitates the implementation of said layer while having a material gain.
  • the electrical cable of the invention does not necessarily include an adhesive layer positioned between the reinforcing composite element (s) and the conductive element.
  • the electrical cable of the invention does not include an outer layer surrounding the conductive element or elements, this outer layer can typically be an electrically insulating layer or a protective sheath.
  • the conductive element or elements can therefore be considered as the outermost element or elements of the electrical cable of the invention.
  • the conductive element (s) are then in direct contact with their external environment (e.g., ambient air).
  • the range of the electrical cable between two electrical pylons can go up to 500 m, or even up to 2000 m.
  • the electric cable 10, illustrated on the figure 1 corresponds to a high voltage electric transmission cable of the OHL type.
  • This cable 10 comprises a composite element 1 of central reinforcement and, successively and coaxially around this composite element 1, a metal tube 2 of aluminum, and an electrically conductive element 3.
  • the conductive element 3 is directly in contact with the metal tube 2, and the latter is directly in contact with the composite reinforcing element 1.
  • the reinforcing composite member 1 comprises a plurality of carbon fiber strands embedded in an epoxy type thermosetting matrix.
  • the conductive element 3 is in this example an assembly of strands of aluminum alloy and zirconium whose cross section of each strand is trapezoidal shape, these strands being twisted together. Said conductive element is therefore in no way impervious to the external environment, and the strands that constitute it deviate elsewhere under the effect of heat due to the thermal expansion of the conductive element.
  • the metal tube 2 can be obtained from a metal strip transformed into a tube with a longitudinal slot by a forming tool. Then, the longitudinal slot is welded, in particular by means of a laser welding device or an electric arc welding device under protective gas, after contacting and maintaining the welding edges of said strip. .
  • the reinforcing composite element can be inside the metal band transformed into a tube. The diameter of the tube formed is then narrowed (reduction of the cross section of the tube) around the reinforcing composite element by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the metal tube 2 can be obtained from a metal ribbon wound helically around the reinforcing composite member or a substitute. Then the helical slot of this metal strip is welded, in particular using a laser welding device or a gas-shielded electric arc welding device, after contacting and maintaining the welding edges. said ribbon.
  • the shrinkage step mentioned above is also conceivable.
  • the cable of the figure 1 does not further comprise outer sheath: the conductive element 3 is thus left directly in contact with its external environment (ie ambient air).
  • the absence of outer sheath advantageously makes it possible to increase the range of said cable between two electrical pylons.
  • the figure 2 represents an electrical cable 20 according to the present invention, which is identical to the electrical cable 10 of the figure 1 except that the cable 20 further comprises a single layer electrically insulating 4 surrounding the composite reinforcing element (ie all the composite reinforcing elements). This electrically insulating layer 4 is positioned between the metal tube 2 and the reinforcing composite member 1.
  • the cable 20 also does not include an outer sheath around the conductive element 3.
  • a first electrical cable, "cable I1" is made as follows.
  • a reinforcing composite member comprising a set of carbon fibers embedded in an epoxy resin thermosetting matrix is coated with an electrically insulating layer of PEEK and then with a sealed aluminum layer.
  • the sealed aluminum layer was made using an aluminum strip welded along its length to create a tube around the composite reinforcing member. Then this aluminum tube was taped around said composite member to form said sealed aluminum layer.
  • a second electrical cable, "cable C1" corresponds to the cable I1 without it includes the sealed aluminum layer.
  • the aging test is performed respectively on the cables I1 and C1. This aging test consists in aging the cables I1 and C1 in drying ovens at different temperatures. The cable samples are between 65 cm and 85 cm approximately.
  • both The ends of the cable specimen I1 are covered with metal covers fixed with Kapton ® Tape and Teflon ® tape to seal the ends of the sample.
  • the aged samples are weighed in order to follow the loss of mass associated with the degradation of the thermosetting matrix.
  • a porosity measurement of the thermosetting matrix is also carried out.
  • the pieces are then inserted in a resin to facilitate the polishing process, then polished to obtain a flat surface.
  • This surface is then observed under an optical microscope, photographed and analyzed using an image analysis software to measure the surface of the pores relative to the surface of the sample. This gives the porosity of the sample.
  • the electrical cable according to the invention has a significant improvement in the aging properties related to the presence of the sealed metal coating.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un câble électrique. Elle s'applique typiquement, mais non exclusivement, aux câbles de transmission électrique à haute tension ou câbles aériens de transport d'énergie, bien connus sous l'anglicisme OHL « OverHead Lines». Les câbles de transmission électrique de dernière génération ont typiquement, en régime continu, une température de fonctionnement relativement élevée, qui peut être supérieure à 90°C, et atteindre 200°C et plus.The present invention relates to an electric cable. It typically, but not exclusively, applies to high voltage electrical transmission cables or overhead power transmission cables, well known under OHL "OverHead Lines". Last generation electric transmission cables typically have a relatively high operating temperature, which can be greater than 90 ° C, and reach 200 ° C and higher.

Le document US 6 559 385 décrit un câble de transmission électrique de ce type comprenant un élément composite de renforcement central comprenant par exemple une pluralité de fibres de carbone enrobées dans une matrice thermodurcissable du type époxy, un ruban métallique en aluminium enroulé autour dudit élément composite de renforcement, et un élément conducteur entourant ledit revêtement métallique.The document US 6,559,385 discloses an electrical transmission cable of this type comprising a central reinforcing composite element comprising for example a plurality of carbon fibers embedded in a thermosetting matrix of the epoxy type, an aluminum metal strip wound around said composite reinforcing element, and an element conductor surrounding said metal coating.

Toutefois, lorsque ce câble de transmission électrique fonctionne en régime continu à haute température, notamment à une température de fonctionnement supérieure à 90°C, la matrice thermodurcissable de son élément composite de renforcement peut subir une thermo-oxydation, liée notamment à l'oxygène de l'air, qui engendre une dégradation chimique et de ce fait une augmentation de la porosité de ladite matrice. Ainsi, les propriétés mécaniques de l'élément composite de renforcement, notamment de la matrice organique qui le compose, peuvent diminuer de façon significative et mener à la rupture du câble de transmission électrique. De plus, ladite matrice organique est sujette à tout type de composés extérieurs, autres que l'oxygène de l'air, pouvant également dégrader l'élément composite de renforcement.However, when this electric transmission cable operates at a continuous high temperature, especially at an operating temperature greater than 90 ° C, the thermosetting matrix of its composite reinforcing element can undergo a thermo-oxidation, especially related to oxygen air, which generates a chemical degradation and thereby an increase in the porosity of said matrix. Thus, the mechanical properties of the composite reinforcing element, in particular the organic matrix that composes it, can significantly decrease and lead to the rupture of the electric transmission cable. In addition, said organic matrix is subject to any type of external compounds, other than oxygen in the air, which can also degrade the composite reinforcing element.

Le document EP 1 821 318 décrit un câble électrique comprenant des fils composites entourés par un revêtement en aluminium, ledit revêtement étant lui-même entouré par des éléments conducteurs. Ce revêtement en aluminium est du type bourrant puisqu'il pénètre dans les interstices entre les fils composites. Enfin, chaque fil composite peut être entouré par une couche de protection thermorésistante.The document EP 1 821 318 discloses an electrical cable comprising composite wires surrounded by an aluminum coating, said coating being itself surrounded by conductive elements. This aluminum coating is stuffing type since it penetrates the interstices between the composite son. Finally, each composite wire may be surrounded by a heat-resistant protective layer.

Toutefois, une épaisseur trop importante du revêtement en aluminium ne permet pas d'optimiser ni le poids du câble électrique, notamment lorsqu'il est du type OHL, ni les propriétés mécaniques du câble, notamment sa flexibilité. En outre, le revêtement en aluminium est apposé avec un apport de chaleur important qui tend à dégrader thermiquement les fils composites.However, excessive thickness of the aluminum coating does not optimize or the weight of the electrical cable, especially when it is of the OHL type, nor the mechanical properties of the cable, including its flexibility. In addition, the aluminum coating is affixed with a significant heat input which tends to thermally degrade the composite son.

Le but de la présente invention est de pallier les inconvénients des techniques de l'art antérieur.The object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the techniques of the prior art.

La présente invention a pour objet un câble électrique comprenant :

  • au moins un élément composite de renforcement comprenant un ou plusieurs éléments de renforcement noyé(s) au moins partiellement dans une matrice organique,
  • un revêtement entourant ledit ou lesdits éléments composites de renforcement, ledit revêtement étant étanche tout autour du ou des éléments composites de renforcement, et
  • au moins un élément conducteur (électrique) entourant ledit revêtement,
caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur du revêtement étanche est d'au plus 3000 µm.The present invention relates to an electric cable comprising:
  • at least one reinforcing composite element comprising one or more reinforcing elements embedded at least partially in an organic matrix,
  • a coating surrounding said reinforcing composite member (s), said covering being tight all around the reinforcing composite member (s), and
  • at least one conductive element (electrical) surrounding said coating,
characterized in that the thickness of the waterproof coating is at most 3000 μm.

En d'autres termes, le revêtement de l'invention est dépourvu de jointures ou d'ouvertures.In other words, the coating of the invention is devoid of joints or openings.

Le revêtement étanche protège avantageusement l'élément composite de renforcement, quelque soit sa nature, contre toutes agressions auxquelles il pourrait être sensible, ces agressions provenant de composés extérieurs environnant le câble électrique. Ainsi, le revêtement étanche, en configuration opérationnelle du câble électrique, empêche toute pénétration desdits composés extérieurs depuis l'extérieur dudit revêtement vers le ou les éléments composites de renforcement.The waterproof coating advantageously protects the composite reinforcing element, whatever its nature, against any aggressions to which it could be sensitive, these attacks coming from external compounds surrounding the electric cable. Thus, the waterproof coating, in the operational configuration of the electrical cable, prevents any penetration of said outer compounds from outside said coating to the reinforcing composite element or elements.

Les composés extérieurs peuvent être par exemple l'oxygène de l'air. Dans ce cas, le revêtement étanche évite la thermo-oxydation de la matrice organique de l'élément composite de renforcement. Les composés extérieurs peuvent également être l'humidité, l'ozone, la pollution, ou les rayonnements UV, ou bien provenir de produits d'enduction ou de résidus d'huile de tréfilage lors de la fabrication du câble électrique, notamment lors de la pose du ou des éléments conducteurs autour du ou des éléments composites de renforcement.The outer compounds may be, for example, oxygen in the air. In this case, the sealed coating avoids the thermo-oxidation of the organic matrix of the reinforcing composite element. The external compounds can also be moisture, ozone, pollution, or UV radiation, or come from coatings or residues of drawing oil during the manufacture of the electric cable, especially during the placing the conductive element or elements around the reinforcing composite element or elements.

Le revêtement étanche présente aussi l'avantage de protéger le ou les éléments composites de renforcement lors du placement d'accessoires tels que des jonctions ou ancrages, ou lors de la coupe de l'élément conducteur du câble, et également de le protéger contre l'abrasion.The waterproof coating also has the advantage of protecting the reinforcing composite element (s) during the placement of accessories such as joints or anchors, or during the cutting of the conductive element of the cable, and also to protect it against 'abrasion.

Enfin, l'épaisseur du revêtement étanche n'étant que d'au plus 3000 µm, le câble électrique selon l'invention a d'une part, un poids optimisé pour une utilisation en tant que câble OHL, et d'autre part de très bonnes propriétés mécaniques, notamment de flexibilité : le revêtement étanche de l'invention ne dégrade ainsi pas la flexibilité dudit câble électrique apportée par le ou les éléments composites de renforcement.Finally, since the thickness of the waterproof coating is only at most 3000 μm, the electric cable according to the invention has, on the one hand, a weight optimized for use as an OHL cable, and on the other hand very good mechanical properties, including flexibility: the waterproof coating of the invention thus does not degrade the flexibility of said electric cable provided by the reinforcing composite element or elements.

La flexibilité du câble électrique de l'invention, notamment d'un câble OHL, permet de pouvoir éviter d'endommager ledit câble lorsque d'une part, il est enroulé sur un touret afin de le transporter, et lorsque d'autre part, il passe sur des dérouleuses-freineuses et/ou sur des poulies lors de son installation entre deux pylônes électriques.The flexibility of the electric cable of the invention, in particular of an OHL cable, makes it possible to avoid damaging the cable when on the one hand, it is wound on a drum to transport it, and when on the other hand, it passes on de-braking and / or pulleys when installed between two electrical pylons.

De plus, lors de la fabrication dudit câble, la mise en oeuvre du revêtement étanche est non seulement grandement facilité, mais également évite tout dégradation thermique du ou des éléments composites de renforcement.In addition, during the manufacture of said cable, the implementation of the waterproof coating is not only greatly facilitated, but also avoids any thermal degradation of the composite or reinforcing elements.

Le revêtement étanche de l'invention peut être avantageusement obtenu par traitement thermique d'un matériau métallique et/ou d'un matériau polymérique.The waterproof coating of the invention can be advantageously obtained by heat treatment of a metallic material and / or a polymeric material.

Dans un premier mode de réalisation, le revêtement étanche comporte au moins une couche métallique obtenue par traitement thermique d'un matériau métallique, le traitement thermique permettant d'obtenir l'étanchéité du revêtement.In a first embodiment, the waterproof coating comprises at least one metal layer obtained by heat treatment of a metallic material, the heat treatment making it possible to obtain the tightness of the coating.

Avantageusement, ce revêtement étanche « métallique » participe au transport de l'énergie du câble électrique en fonctionnement lorsqu'il est en contact direct avec l'élément conducteur. Le courant circulant dans ce dernier va donc se partager entre le revêtement étanche et l'élément conducteur en fonction de leurs résistances électriques respectives.Advantageously, this "metallic" waterproof coating participates in transporting the energy of the electric cable in operation when it is in direct contact with the conductive element. The current flowing in the latter will therefore be divided between the sealed coating and the conductive element according to their respective electrical resistances.

On entend par « au moins une couche métallique » un revêtement comportant une ou plusieurs couches d'un métal ou d'un alliage de métaux. Lorsque le revêtement comporte au moins une couche métallique et au moins une couche polymérique, le revêtement est appelé revêtement complexe.The term "at least one metal layer" means a coating comprising one or more layers of a metal or a metal alloy. When the coating comprises at least one metal layer and at least one polymeric layer, the coating is called complex coating.

Selon une première variante, la couche métallique est obtenue par soudure en long du matériau métallique sous forme d'une bande, la soudure permettant ainsi d'obtenir l'étanchéité.According to a first variant, the metal layer is obtained by welding along the metal material in the form of a strip, the weld thus making it possible to obtain the seal.

Selon une deuxième variante, la couche métallique est obtenue par soudure hélicoïdale du matériau métallique sous forme d'un ruban, la soudure permettant ainsi d'obtenir l'étanchéité.According to a second variant, the metal layer is obtained by helical welding of the metallic material in the form of a ribbon, the welding thus making it possible to obtain the seal.

Que ce soit dans la première ou dans la deuxième variante, le soudage de la bande métallique ou du ruban métallique peut s'effectuer par des techniques bien connues de l'homme du métier, à savoir par soudure laser ou par soudure à l'arc électrique sous gaz protecteur (TIG pour l'anglicisme « Tungsten Inert Gas » ou bien MIG pour l'anglisicme « Metal Inert Gas »).Whether in the first or in the second variant, the welding of the metal strip or the metal strip can be carried out by techniques well known to those skilled in the art, namely by laser welding or by arc welding. electric under protective gas (TIG for anglicism "Tungsten Inert Gas" or MIG for Anglisicme "Metal Inert Gas").

Dans ces deux variantes, la très faible épaisseur du revêtement étanche (i.e. au plus 3000 µm) permet avantageusement de facilité l'enroulement du matériau métallique autour du ou des éléments composites de renforcement préalablement au soudage.In these two variants, the very small thickness of the waterproof coating (i.e. at most 3000 .mu.m) advantageously facilitates the winding of the metallic material around the reinforcing composite element (s) prior to welding.

En outre, le faible apport d'énergie d'une part, et la limitation de la zone de chauffe induite par la soudure d'autre part, évitent la dégradation thermique du ou des éléments composites de renforcement.In addition, the low energy input on the one hand, and the limitation of the heating zone induced by the welding on the other hand, avoid the thermal degradation of the reinforcing composite element or elements.

Ces deux variantes sont ainsi plus avantageuses qu'une couche métallique obtenue par extrusion d'un matériau métallique autour du ou des éléments composites de renforcement, notamment lorsque l'extrusion est de type « bourrante » impliquant ainsi une mise en contact directe entre le matériau extrudé avec le ou les éléments composites de renforcement. En effet, l'extrusion d'un matériau métallique nécessite des températures de mise en oeuvre très élevées pouvant endommager lesdits éléments composites.These two variants are thus more advantageous than a metal layer obtained by extrusion of a metallic material around the reinforcing composite element or elements, in particular when the extrusion is of "stuffing" type thus implying a direct contact between the material extruded with the reinforcing composite element (s). Indeed, the extrusion of a metallic material requires very high processing temperatures that can damage said composite elements.

Selon une autre particularité de l'invention, le revêtement dit « métallique », ou couche métallique, est annelé, ou corrugué, afin d'obtenir notamment une meilleure flexibilité dudit revêtement. En d'autres termes, le revêtement métallique étanche présente sur sa surface extérieure des ondulations parallèles, ou hélicoïdales.According to another feature of the invention, the so-called "metallic" coating, or metal layer, is corrugated or corrugated, in particular to obtain a better flexibility of said coating. In other words, the sealed metal coating has on its outer surface parallel or helical corrugations.

Selon une caractéristique du revêtement métallique étanche de l'invention, le matériau métallique est un métal ou un alliage de métaux, et peut être plus particulièrement choisi parmi l'acier, les alliages d'acier, l'aluminium, les alliages d'aluminium, le cuivre, et les alliages de cuivre.According to a feature of the sealed metal coating of the invention, the metallic material is a metal or a metal alloy, and may be more particularly selected from steel, steel alloys, aluminum, aluminum alloys , copper, and copper alloys.

Dans un deuxième mode de réalisation, le revêtement étanche comporte au moins une couche polymérique obtenue par traitement thermique d'un matériau polymérique, le traitement thermique permettant d'obtenir l'étanchéité du revêtement.In a second embodiment, the waterproof coating comprises at least one polymeric layer obtained by heat treatment of a polymeric material, the heat treatment making it possible to obtain the tightness of the coating.

Plus particulièrement, la couche polymérique est obtenue par ramollissement du matériau polymérique.More particularly, the polymeric layer is obtained by softening the polymeric material.

On entend par « ramollissement » une température apte à rendre malléable le matériau polymère, ou température de ramollissement, afin de le rendre étanche. Par exemple, pour un thermoplastique cristallin ou semi-cristallin, la température de ramollissement est une température supérieure à la température de fusion du matériau polymérique.By "softening" is meant a temperature capable of rendering the polymeric material, or softening temperature, malleable in order to make it watertight. For example, for a crystalline or semi-crystalline thermoplastic, the softening temperature is a temperature higher than the melting temperature of the polymeric material.

Le matériau polymérique peut être choisi parmi un polyimide, un polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE), un polymère d'éthylène fluoré (FEP), et un polyoxyméthylène (POM), ou un de leurs mélanges.The polymeric material may be selected from polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene polymer (FEP), and polyoxymethylene (POM), or a mixture thereof.

A titre d'exemple, on peut utiliser un ruban de FEP pour entourer hélicoïdalement le ou les éléments composites avec un taux de recouvrement non nul. Ce ruban de FEP est ensuite traité thermiquement par chauffage à une température d'environ 250°C, température supérieure à sa température de fusion, pour rendre le ruban étanche.By way of example, a ribbon of FEP may be used to helically surround the composite element (s) with a non-zero recovery rate. This FEP tape is then heat-treated by heating at a temperature of about 250 ° C above its melting temperature to make the tape tight.

Le premier mode de réalisation est toutefois préféré par rapport au deuxième mode de réalisation. En effet, un revêtement étanche de type couche métallique assure une meilleure étanchéité et protection qu'un revêtement étanche de type couche polymérique.The first embodiment is, however, preferred over the second embodiment. Indeed, a metal-type waterproof coating provides better sealing and protection than a polymeric layer-type waterproof coating.

Dans un troisième mode de réalisation, le revêtement étanche comporte au moins une couche polymérique et au moins une couche métallique obtenues respectivement par traitement thermique d'un matériau polymérique et d'un matériau métallique. En d'autres termes, ledit revêtement étanche est un revêtement complexe. Les différentes caractéristiques décrites ci-avant dans le premier mode de réalisation et/ou dans le deuxième mode de réalisation s'appliquent.In a third embodiment, the waterproof coating comprises at least one polymeric layer and at least one metal layer respectively obtained by heat treatment of a polymeric material and a metallic material. In other words, said waterproofing coating is a complex coating. The various characteristics described above in the first embodiment and / or in the second embodiment apply.

Selon l'invention, le revêtement étanche entourant le ou les éléments composites peut être sous forme d'un tube.According to the invention, the waterproof coating surrounding the composite element or elements may be in the form of a tube.

Le tube est classiquement un cylindre creux dont l'épaisseur est sensiblement constante le long du tube. Le diamètre interne du tube peut être identique ou non le long dudit tube.The tube is conventionally a hollow cylinder whose thickness is substantially constant along the tube. The internal diameter of the tube may or may not be identical along said tube.

Cette forme tubulaire permet avantageusement d'améliorer les caractéristiques mécaniques en rupture du câble électrique en répartissant de manière uniforme les efforts mécaniques pouvant être provoqués par la compression des éléments conducteurs et/ou du revêtement étanche lors de l'installation du câble électrique de type OHL.This tubular shape advantageously makes it possible to improve the mechanical characteristics in rupture of the electric cable by uniformly distributing the mechanical stresses that may be caused by the compression of the conductive elements and / or the waterproof coating during the installation of the electric cable of the OHL type. .

En effet, pour suspendre ce type de câble à un pylône électrique, des accessoires d'ancrage sont nécessaires. Ces accessoires permettent de lier mécaniquement le câble électrique à un pylône électrique sur lequel il doit être installé. De même pour relier deux longueurs de câble électrique selon l'invention, des accessoires de jonction sont utilisés.Indeed, to suspend this type of cable to an electrical pylon, anchoring accessories are necessary. These accessories make it possible to mechanically link the electric cable to an electrical pylon on which it must be installed. Similarly to connect two lengths of electrical cable according to the invention, junction accessories are used.

La pose de ces accessoires s'effectue par compression de ceux-ci sur le ou les éléments conducteurs, sur le revêtement étanche et/ou sur le ou les éléments de renforcement.The fitting of these accessories is carried out by compression of the latter on the conductive element (s), on the impervious lining and / or on the reinforcing element (s).

Ledit tube peut avoir un diamètre intérieur supérieur ou égal au diamètre extérieur dans lequel sont inscrits le ou les éléments composites de renforcement. Dans le cas où ce diamètre intérieur est supérieur au diamètre extérieur dans lequel sont inscrits le ou les éléments composites de renforcement, le tube est notamment un tube métallique. Ainsi, pour obtenir un diamètre intérieur du tube métallique sensiblement identique audit diamètre extérieur, l'étape d'obtention du tube métallique peut être suivie d'une étape destinée à retreindre, ou en d'autres termes à réduire, le diamètre interne du tube métallique.Said tube may have an inside diameter greater than or equal to the outside diameter in which are inscribed the reinforcing composite element or elements. In the case where this inside diameter is greater than the outside diameter in which are inscribed the reinforcing composite element or elements, the tube is in particular a metal tube. Thus, to obtain an inner diameter of the metal tube substantially identical to said outer diameter, the step of obtaining the metal tube may be followed by a step intended to reduce, or in other words to reduce, the internal diameter of the tube metallic.

Selon une caractéristique du revêtement étanche de l'invention, l'épaisseur dudit revêtement peut être d'au plus 600 µm, et de préférence d'au plus 300 µm.According to a feature of the waterproof coating of the invention, the thickness of said coating may be at most 600 microns, and preferably at most 300 microns.

Lorsque le revêtement étanche est du type couche métallique selon l'invention, l'épaisseur dudit revêtement peut aller préférentiellement de 150 µm à 250 µm.When the waterproof coating is of the metal layer type according to the invention, the thickness of said coating may preferably range from 150 μm to 250 μm.

Lorsque le revêtement étanche est du type couche polymérique selon l'invention, l'épaisseur dudit revêtement peut aller préférentiellement de 150 µm à 600 µm.When the waterproof coating is of the polymeric layer type according to the invention, the thickness of said coating may preferably range from 150 μm to 600 μm.

Par ailleurs, la matrice organique de l'élément composite de renforcement peut, quant à elle, être choisie parmi une matrice thermoplastique et une matrice thermodurcissable, ou un de leurs mélanges. De préférence, la matrice organique est une matrice thermodurcissable.Moreover, the organic matrix of the reinforcing composite element can, for its part, be chosen from a thermoplastic matrix and a thermosetting matrix, or a mixture thereof. Preferably, the organic matrix is a thermosetting matrix.

A titre d'exemple, la matrice thermodurcissable peut être choisie parmi les époxy, les vinyles esters, les polyimides, les polyesters, les cyanates esters, les phénoliques, les bismaléimides, et les polyuréthanes, ou un de leurs mélanges.By way of example, the thermosetting matrix may be chosen from epoxies, vinyl esters, polyimides, polyesters, cyanate esters, phenolics, bismaleimides, and polyurethanes, or a mixture thereof.

Le ou les éléments de renforcement de l'élément composite de renforcement peuvent être choisis parmi les fibres (continues), les nanofibres, et les nanotubes, ou un de leurs mélanges.The reinforcing element (s) of the reinforcing composite element may be chosen from (continuous) fibers, nanofibers, and nanotubes, or a mixture thereof.

A titre d'exemple, les fibres (continues) peuvent être choisies parmi les fibres de carbone, de verre, d'aramides (Kevlar), de céramiques, de titanes, de tungstène, de graphites, de bore, de poly(p-phenyl-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (Zylon), de basalte, et d'alumine. Les nanofibres peuvent être des nanofibres de carbones. Les nanotubes peuvent être des nanotubes de carbone.By way of example, the (continuous) fibers may be chosen from carbon, glass, aramid (Kevlar), ceramic, titanium, tungsten, graphite, boron, poly (p) fibers. phenyl-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (Zylon), basalt, and alumina. Nanofibers can be carbon nanofibers. The nanotubes may be carbon nanotubes.

Le ou les éléments de renforcement qui composent l'élément composite de l'invention peuvent être de même nature ou de nature différente.The reinforcing element or elements that make up the composite element of the invention may be of the same nature or of a different nature.

Lesdits éléments de renforcement peuvent ainsi être incorporées au moins partiellement dans au moins une des matrices organiques mentionnées ci-avant. Les éléments composites de renforcement préférés sont des fibres de carbone ou de verre au moins partiellement noyées dans une matrice thermodurcissable de type résine époxy, phénolique, bismaléimide ou cyanate ester.Said reinforcing elements may thus be incorporated at least partially in at least one of the organic matrices mentioned above. The preferred reinforcing composite members are carbon or glass fibers at least partially embedded in a thermosetting matrix of epoxy, phenolic, bismaleimide or cyanate ester type.

Le ou les éléments de renforcement sont positionnés à l'intérieur d'une zone délimitée par le revêtement étanche qui les entoure. De préférence, ladite zone ne comprend pas de fibres optiques. En effet, la présence de fibres optiques au niveau du ou des éléments composites de renforcement, ou en d'autres termes dans la zone intérieure délimitée par le revêtement étanche, ne peut que limiter de façon dramatique les propriétés de renforcement mécanique du câble électrique et ne correspond donc pas aux propriétés requises pour les câbles électriques OHL. D'ailleurs, les fibres optiques sont très sensibles aux contraintes mécaniques exercées sur elles, et de ce fait ces contraintes mécaniques doivent être limitées au maximum. Elles ne peuvent donc pas être considérées comme des éléments composites de renforcement d'un câble électrique selon l'invention, même lorsqu'elles sont noyées dans une résine polymère.The reinforcement element (s) are positioned within an area delimited by the surrounding waterproof coating. Preferably, said zone does not comprise optical fibers. Indeed, the presence of optical fibers at the reinforcing composite element or elements, or in other words in the interior zone delimited by the waterproof coating, can only drastically limit the mechanical reinforcement properties of the electrical cable and therefore does not correspond to the properties required for OHL electric cables. Moreover, the optical fibers are very sensitive to the mechanical stresses exerted on them, and therefore these mechanical stresses must be limited to the maximum. They can not therefore be considered as composite reinforcing elements of an electric cable according to the invention, even when embedded in a polymer resin.

Bien entendu, dans des cas spécifiques, le câble électrique de l'invention peut tout de même comprendre une ou des fibres optiques, ces fibres optiques étant alors positionnées autour du revêtement étanche.Of course, in specific cases, the electrical cable of the invention may still include one or more optical fibers, these optical fibers then being positioned around the waterproof coating.

Concernant l'élément conducteur électrique de l'invention qui entoure le revêtement étanche, il peut être de préférence métallique, notamment à base d'aluminium, à savoir soit uniquement en aluminium, soit en alliage d'aluminium tel que par exemple en alliage d'aluminium et de zirconium. L'aluminium ou l'alliage d'aluminium a l'avantage de présenter un couple conductivité électrique/poids spécifique optimisé de façon significative, notamment par rapport au cuivre.With regard to the electrical conductive element of the invention which surrounds the waterproof coating, it may preferably be metallic, in particular based on aluminum, namely either solely of aluminum or of aluminum alloy such as, for example, aluminum alloy. aluminum and zirconium. Aluminum or aluminum alloy has the advantage of having a significantly optimized electrical conductivity / specific weight pair, particularly with respect to copper.

L'élément conducteur de l'invention peut être classiquement un assemblage de fils (ou brins) métalliques dont la section transversale peut être de forme ronde ou non, ou une combinaison des deux. Lorsqu'ils ne sont pas de forme ronde, la section transversale de ces fils peut être par exemple de forme trapézoïdales ou de forme Z. Les différents types de forme sont définis dans la norme IEC 62219.The conductive element of the invention may be conventionally an assembly of son (or strands) metal whose cross section may be round or not, or a combination of both. When they are not round in shape, the cross section of these wires may be, for example, trapezoidal or Z-shaped. The different types of shape are defined in IEC 62219.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, le câble électrique peut comprendre en outre un gaz neutre, comme par exemple l'argon, entre le revêtement étanche et le ou les éléments composites de renforcement. Ce gaz neutre permet de réduire au minimum la quantité d'oxygène en contact avec le ou les éléments composites de renforcement.In a particular embodiment, the electric cable may further comprise a neutral gas, such as argon, between the waterproof coating and the reinforcing composite element or elements. This neutral gas makes it possible to minimize the amount of oxygen in contact with the reinforcing composite element or elements.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, le câble électrique peut comprendre en outre une couche électriquement isolante positionnée entre le revêtement étanche, et le ou les éléments composites de renforcement. Cette couche peut être une couche en un matériau polymère thermorésistant, comme par exemple en polyétheréthercétone (PEEK). Elle peut entourer notamment au moins un des éléments composites, chaque élément composite, ou l'ensemble formé par le ou les (tous les) éléments composites.In a particular embodiment, the electrical cable may further comprise an electrically insulating layer positioned between the waterproof coating and the reinforcing composite element or elements. This layer may be a layer of a heat-resistant polymer material, such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK). It can surround including at least one of the composite elements, each composite element, or the assembly formed by the (all) composite elements.

Cette couche électriquement isolante permet avantageusement d'éviter l'apparition de courant galvanique entre l'élément composite de renforcement et le revêtement étanche lorsque ce dernier est métallique.This electrically insulating layer advantageously makes it possible to avoid the appearance of galvanic current between the composite element of reinforcement and the waterproof coating when the latter is metallic.

On utilisera de préférence une couche électriquement isolante entourant l'ensemble formé par le ou les éléments composites de renforcement, cette unique couche électriquement isolante étant suffisante pour éviter l'apparition de courant galvanique. En outre, l'utilisation de cette couche entourant tous les éléments composites de renforcement permet avantageusement de faciliter la mise en oeuvre de ladite couche tout en ayant un gain de matière.An electrically insulating layer surrounding the assembly formed by the reinforcing composite element (s) will preferably be used, this single electrically insulating layer being sufficient to avoid the appearance of galvanic current. In addition, the use of this layer surrounding all the reinforcing composite elements advantageously facilitates the implementation of said layer while having a material gain.

Par ailleurs, le câble électrique de l'invention ne comprend pas nécessairement une couche adhésive positionnée entre le ou les éléments composites de renforcement et l'élément conducteur.Moreover, the electrical cable of the invention does not necessarily include an adhesive layer positioned between the reinforcing composite element (s) and the conductive element.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulièrement préféré, le câble électrique de l'invention ne comprend pas de couche extérieure entourant le ou les éléments conducteurs, cette couche extérieure pouvant typiquement être une couche électriquement isolante ou une gaine de protection.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the electrical cable of the invention does not include an outer layer surrounding the conductive element or elements, this outer layer can typically be an electrically insulating layer or a protective sheath.

Le ou les éléments conducteurs peuvent donc être considérés comme le ou les éléments les plus à l'extérieur du câble électrique de l'invention. De ce fait, le ou les éléments conducteurs sont alors en contact direct avec leur environnement extérieur (e.g. l'air ambiant).The conductive element or elements can therefore be considered as the outermost element or elements of the electrical cable of the invention. As a result, the conductive element (s) are then in direct contact with their external environment (e.g., ambient air).

Cette absence de couche extérieure autour du ou des éléments conducteurs présente l'avantage de garantir un câble électrique avec une tension de pose la plus faible possible, cette tension de pose étant proportionnelle au poids du câble électrique. En d'autres termes, l'intérêt est d'avoir un câble électrique de type OHL présentant un effort mécanique le plus faible possible, cet effort mécanique étant exercé par le câble sur les deux pylônes entre lesquels il est suspendu.This absence of an outer layer around the conductive element or elements has the advantage of guaranteeing an electric cable with the lowest laying voltage possible, this laying voltage being proportional to the weight of the electric cable. In other words, the interest is to have an electric cable type OHL having the lowest possible mechanical stress, this mechanical stress being exerted by the cable on the two pylons between which it is suspended.

Par conséquent, la portée du câble électrique entre deux pylônes électriques peut aller jusqu'à 500 m, voire même jusqu'à 2000 m.Therefore, the range of the electrical cable between two electrical pylons can go up to 500 m, or even up to 2000 m.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lumière des exemples qui vont suivre en référence aux figures annotées, lesdits exemples et figures étant donnés à titre illustratif et nullement limitatif.

  • La figure 1 représente de manière schématique et en perspective un câble électrique conforme à la présente invention.
  • La figure 2 représente de manière schématique et en perspective le câble électrique de la figure 1, additionné d'une couche électriquement isolante conforme à l'invention.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will appear in light of the examples which follow with reference to the annotated figures, said examples and figures being given for illustrative and not limiting.
  • The figure 1 shows schematically and in perspective an electric cable according to the present invention.
  • The figure 2 schematically represents in perspective the electrical cable of the figure 1 , added with an electrically insulating layer according to the invention.

Pour des raisons de clarté, seuls les éléments essentiels pour la compréhension de l'invention ont été représentés de manière schématique, et ceci sans respect de l'échelle.For the sake of clarity, only the essential elements for understanding the invention have been shown schematically, and this without respect of the scale.

Le câble électrique 10, illustré sur la figure 1, correspond à un câble de transmission électrique à haute tension du type OHL.The electric cable 10, illustrated on the figure 1 , corresponds to a high voltage electric transmission cable of the OHL type.

Ce câble 10 comprend un élément composite 1 de renforcement central et, successivement et coaxialement autour de cet élément composite 1, un tube métallique 2 en aluminium, et un élément conducteur électrique 3. L'élément conducteur 3 est directement en contact avec le tube métallique 2, et ce dernier est directement en contact avec l'élément composite 1 de renforcement.This cable 10 comprises a composite element 1 of central reinforcement and, successively and coaxially around this composite element 1, a metal tube 2 of aluminum, and an electrically conductive element 3. The conductive element 3 is directly in contact with the metal tube 2, and the latter is directly in contact with the composite reinforcing element 1.

L'élément composite 1 de renforcement comprend une pluralité de brins de fibre de carbone enrobés dans une matrice thermodurcissable de type époxy.The reinforcing composite member 1 comprises a plurality of carbon fiber strands embedded in an epoxy type thermosetting matrix.

L'élément conducteur 3 est dans cet exemple un assemblage de brins en alliage d'aluminium et de zirconium dont la section transversale de chaque brin est de forme trapézoïdale, ces brins étant torsadés entre eux. Ledit élément conducteur n'est donc aucunement étanche à l'environnement extérieur, et les brins qui le constituent s'écartent d'ailleurs sous l'effet de la chaleur du fait de la dilation thermique de l'élément conducteur.The conductive element 3 is in this example an assembly of strands of aluminum alloy and zirconium whose cross section of each strand is trapezoidal shape, these strands being twisted together. Said conductive element is therefore in no way impervious to the external environment, and the strands that constitute it deviate elsewhere under the effect of heat due to the thermal expansion of the conductive element.

Le tube métallique 2 peut être obtenu à partir d'une bande de métal transformée en tube avec une fente longitudinale par un outil de formage. Puis, la fente longitudinale est soudée, notamment à l'aide d'un dispositif de soudage au laser ou d'un dispositif de soudage à l'arc électrique sous gaz protecteur, après mise en contact et maintient des bords de soudure de ladite bande. Lors de l'étape de soudage, l'élément composite de renforcement peut se trouver à l'intérieur de la bande de métal transformée en tube. Le diamètre du tube formé est ensuite rétreint (diminution de la section transversale du tube) autour de l'élément composite de renforcement par des techniques bien connues de l'homme du métier.The metal tube 2 can be obtained from a metal strip transformed into a tube with a longitudinal slot by a forming tool. Then, the longitudinal slot is welded, in particular by means of a laser welding device or an electric arc welding device under protective gas, after contacting and maintaining the welding edges of said strip. . During the welding step, the reinforcing composite element can be inside the metal band transformed into a tube. The diameter of the tube formed is then narrowed (reduction of the cross section of the tube) around the reinforcing composite element by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.

Comme indiqué précédemment, d'autres modes de réalisation de ce tube métallique sont possibles. Le tube métallique 2 peut être obtenu à partir d'un ruban de métal enroulé hélicoïdalement autour de l'élément composite de renforcement ou d'un substitut. Puis la fente hélicoïdale de ce ruban métallique est soudée, notamment à l'aide d'un dispositif de soudage au laser ou d'un dispositif de soudage à l'arc électrique sous gaz protecteur, après mise en contact et maintient des bords de soudure dudit ruban. L'étape de rétreint mentionnée ci-avant est également envisageable.As indicated above, other embodiments of this metal tube are possible. The metal tube 2 can be obtained from a metal ribbon wound helically around the reinforcing composite member or a substitute. Then the helical slot of this metal strip is welded, in particular using a laser welding device or a gas-shielded electric arc welding device, after contacting and maintaining the welding edges. said ribbon. The shrinkage step mentioned above is also conceivable.

Le câble de la figure 1 ne comporte pas en outre de gaine extérieure : l'élément conducteur 3 est ainsi laisser directement au contact de son environnement extérieur (i.e. l'air ambiant). En configuration opérationnelle du câble (i.e. une fois le câble suspendu entre deux pylônes électriques), l'absence de gaine extérieure permet avantageusement d'augmenter la portée dudit câble entre deux pylônes électriques.The cable of the figure 1 does not further comprise outer sheath: the conductive element 3 is thus left directly in contact with its external environment (ie ambient air). In the operational configuration of the cable (ie once the cable is suspended between two electrical pylons), the absence of outer sheath advantageously makes it possible to increase the range of said cable between two electrical pylons.

La figure 2 représente un câble électrique 20 selon la présente invention, qui est identique au câble électrique 10 de la figure 1, excepté le fait que le câble 20 comprend en outre une unique couche électriquement isolante 4 entourant l'élément composite de renforcement (i.e. tous les éléments composites de renforcement). Cette couche électriquement isolante 4 est positionnée entre le tube métallique 2 et l'élément composite 1 de renforcement. Le câble 20 ne comprend également pas de gaine extérieure autour de l'élément conducteur 3.The figure 2 represents an electrical cable 20 according to the present invention, which is identical to the electrical cable 10 of the figure 1 except that the cable 20 further comprises a single layer electrically insulating 4 surrounding the composite reinforcing element (ie all the composite reinforcing elements). This electrically insulating layer 4 is positioned between the metal tube 2 and the reinforcing composite member 1. The cable 20 also does not include an outer sheath around the conductive element 3.

ExempleExample

Afin de montrer les avantages du câble électrique selon l'invention, des tests comparatifs de vieillissement et de porosité ont été réalisés sur des échantillons de câbles électriques.In order to show the advantages of the electric cable according to the invention, comparative aging and porosity tests were carried out on samples of electric cables.

Un premier câble électrique, « câble I1 », est réalisé comme suit. Un élément composite de renforcement comprenant un ensemble de fibres de carbone noyées dans une matrice thermodurcissable de type résine époxy est revêtu d'une couche électriquement isolante de PEEK puis d'une couche d'aluminium étanche. La couche d'aluminium étanche a été réalisée à l'aide d'une bande d'aluminium soudée sur sa longueur afin de créer un tube autour de l'élément composite de renforcement. Puis ce tube en aluminium a été retreint autour dudit élément composite pour former ladite couche d'aluminium étanche.A first electrical cable, "cable I1" is made as follows. A reinforcing composite member comprising a set of carbon fibers embedded in an epoxy resin thermosetting matrix is coated with an electrically insulating layer of PEEK and then with a sealed aluminum layer. The sealed aluminum layer was made using an aluminum strip welded along its length to create a tube around the composite reinforcing member. Then this aluminum tube was taped around said composite member to form said sealed aluminum layer.

Un deuxième câble électrique, « câble C1 », correspond au câble I1 sans qu'il ne comprenne la couche d'aluminium étanche.A second electrical cable, "cable C1", corresponds to the cable I1 without it includes the sealed aluminum layer.

Le test de vieillissement est réalisé respectivement sur les câbles I1 et C1. Ce test de vieillissement consiste à laisser vieillir les câbles I1 et C1 dans des étuves à différentes températures. Les échantillons de câbles mesurent entre 65 cm et 85 cm environ.The aging test is performed respectively on the cables I1 and C1. This aging test consists in aging the cables I1 and C1 in drying ovens at different temperatures. The cable samples are between 65 cm and 85 cm approximately.

Afin d'éviter la propagation d'oxygène entre la couche d'aluminium étanche et l'élément composite de renforcement, les deux extrémités de l'échantillon de câble I1 sont revêtues de capots métalliques fixés à l'aide de Ruban Kapton® et de ruban Teflon® afin d'assurer l'étanchéité aux extrémités dudit échantillon.In order to avoid the propagation of oxygen between the sealed aluminum layer and the composite reinforcing element, both The ends of the cable specimen I1 are covered with metal covers fixed with Kapton ® Tape and Teflon ® tape to seal the ends of the sample.

Ces échantillons sont ensuite vieillis en isotherme à différentes températures (160, 180, 200 et 220°C) pendant des durées variables (10, 18, 32, 60, 180 et 600 jours).These samples are then aged in isotherm at different temperatures (160, 180, 200 and 220 ° C) for varying periods of time (10, 18, 32, 60, 180 and 600 days).

Les échantillons vieillis sont pesés afin de suivre la perte de masse associée à la dégradation de la matrice thermodurcissable. Une mesure de porosité de la matrice thermodurcissable est également réalisée.The aged samples are weighed in order to follow the loss of mass associated with the degradation of the thermosetting matrix. A porosity measurement of the thermosetting matrix is also carried out.

Sur les échantillons vieillis, trois morceaux de 2 cm environ sont coupés : un morceau de chaque coté des extrémités à environ 2-3cm du bord et un morceau au centre de l'échantillon de câble.On aged samples, three pieces of about 2 cm are cut: one piece on each side of the ends about 2-3cm from the edge and a piece in the center of the cable sample.

Les morceaux sont ensuite insérés dans une résine pour faciliter le processus de polissage, puis poli afin d'obtenir une surface bien plane.The pieces are then inserted in a resin to facilitate the polishing process, then polished to obtain a flat surface.

Cette surface est ensuite observée au microscope optique, photographiée et analysée à l'aide d'un logiciel d'analyse d'image permettant de mesurer la surface des pores par rapport à la surface de l'échantillon. On en déduit ainsi le taux de porosité de l'échantillon.This surface is then observed under an optical microscope, photographed and analyzed using an image analysis software to measure the surface of the pores relative to the surface of the sample. This gives the porosity of the sample.

Au vu des résultats obtenus, le câble électrique selon l'invention présente une amélioration significative des propriétés de vieillissement liées à la présence du revêtement métallique étanche.In view of the results obtained, the electrical cable according to the invention has a significant improvement in the aging properties related to the presence of the sealed metal coating.

Claims (17)

  1. An electrical cable (10, 20) comprising:
    - at least one composite reinforcing element (1) comprising one or more reinforcing elements at least partially embedded in an organic matrix,
    - a coating (2) surrounding said composite reinforcing element(s) (1), said coating (2) being sealed all around the composite reinforcing element(s) (1), and
    - at least one conducting element (3) surrounding said coating (2),
    characterized in that the thickness of the sealed coating (2) is at most 3,000 µm.
  2. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealed coating (2) includes at least one metal layer obtained by heat treatment of a metal material.
  3. The cable according to claim 2, characterized in that the metal layer is obtained by welding along the metal material in the form of a strip.
  4. The cable according to claim 2, characterized in that the metal layer is obtained by helical welding of the metal material in the form of a band.
  5. The electrical cable according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the metal layer is annealed.
  6. The cable according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the metal material is chosen from among steel, steel alloys, aluminum, aluminum alloys, copper, and copper alloys.
  7. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealed coating (2) includes at least one polymer layer obtained by heat treatment of a polymer material.
  8. The cable according to claim 7, characterized in that the polymer layer is obtained by softening the polymer material.
  9. The cable according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the polymer material is chosen from amongst a polyimide, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a fluorinated ethylene polymer (FEP), and a polyoxymethylene (POM), or a mixture thereof.
  10. The cable according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sealed coating (2) is in the form of a tube.
  11. The cable according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of the sealed coating (2) is no more than 600 µm.
  12. The cable according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the matrix of the composite reinforcing element is chosen from amongst a thermoplastic matrix and a thermosetting matrix, or a mixture thereof.
  13. The cable according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing element(s) of the composite reinforcing element (1) are chosen from amongst fibers, nanofibers, and nanotubes, or a mixture thereof.
  14. The cable according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical cable (20) also comprises at least one electrically insulating layer (4) positioned between the sealed coating (2) and the composite reinforcing element(s) (1).
  15. The cable according to claim 14, characterized in that the electrically insulating layer (4) surrounds the assembly formed by the composite reinforcing element(s) (1).
  16. The cable according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the conducting element (3) is aluminum-based.
  17. The cable according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical cable (10, 20) does not comprise an outer layer surrounding the conducting element(s) (3).
EP10708260.4A 2009-02-03 2010-02-01 High voltage electric transmission cable Not-in-force EP2394273B3 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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PL10708260T PL2394273T3 (en) 2009-02-03 2010-02-01 High voltage electric transmission cable

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0950672A FR2941812A1 (en) 2009-02-03 2009-02-03 ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION CABLE WITH HIGH VOLTAGE.
PCT/FR2010/050159 WO2010089500A1 (en) 2009-02-03 2010-02-01 High voltage electric transmission cable

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EP2394273A1 EP2394273A1 (en) 2011-12-14
EP2394273B1 true EP2394273B1 (en) 2013-04-03
EP2394273B3 EP2394273B3 (en) 2020-06-17

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EP (1) EP2394273B3 (en)
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BR (1) BRPI1008093B1 (en)
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CL (1) CL2011001697A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2417006T7 (en)
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AU2010212225B2 (en) 2016-03-31
KR20110112839A (en) 2011-10-13
ES2417006T7 (en) 2021-03-09
ZA201105319B (en) 2012-09-26
CN102308340A (en) 2012-01-04
RU2530039C2 (en) 2014-10-10
CA2749829A1 (en) 2010-08-12
CA2749829C (en) 2017-06-20
BRPI1008093A2 (en) 2016-03-15
CN105374442A (en) 2016-03-02
US20120090892A1 (en) 2012-04-19
FR2941812A1 (en) 2010-08-06
RU2011136697A (en) 2013-03-10
PL2394273T3 (en) 2013-08-30
US10395794B2 (en) 2019-08-27
NZ594054A (en) 2012-09-28
BRPI1008093B1 (en) 2019-01-15
AU2010212225C1 (en) 2018-07-05
AU2010212225A1 (en) 2011-07-28
WO2010089500A1 (en) 2010-08-12
EP2394273B3 (en) 2020-06-17
EP2394273A1 (en) 2011-12-14
CL2011001697A1 (en) 2011-10-14

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