EP2380236B1 - Flat screen with integrated antenna - Google Patents

Flat screen with integrated antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2380236B1
EP2380236B1 EP09801236.2A EP09801236A EP2380236B1 EP 2380236 B1 EP2380236 B1 EP 2380236B1 EP 09801236 A EP09801236 A EP 09801236A EP 2380236 B1 EP2380236 B1 EP 2380236B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flat screen
slot
antenna
conductive strip
screen according
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EP09801236.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2380236A1 (en
Inventor
Christophe Prat
Lionel Rudant
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2258—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used with computer equipment
    • H01Q1/2266—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used with computer equipment disposed inside the computer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/44—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an antenna, e.g. means for giving an antenna an aesthetic aspect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flat screen, of the active matrix type, comprising an integrated antenna.
  • the invention also relates to a portable electronic device, such as a mobile phone, comprising such a screen.
  • the screen - liquid crystal (LCD) or organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) - tends to occupy the largest possible area, usually at the expense of the keyboard that is sometimes purely and simply deleted to be replaced by a touch screen. It has therefore been envisaged to integrate transmitting and / or receiving antennas to flat screens.
  • the document US2004189625 discloses an antenna made of a conductive material integrated in a pixel screen.
  • the documents US 6,973,709 and US 6,825,811 describe antennas formed by a pattern made of transparent conductive material (ITO: indium oxide and tin) deposited on the screen. We speak of antennas printed on the screen (POD: printed-on-display).
  • ITO transparent conductive material
  • the document US 7,336,270 describes an RFID antenna made on the substrate of a liquid crystal screen, next to the screen itself, and connected to an electronic chip mounted on the same substrate.
  • This antenna is made at the same time as a conductive element of the screen, without the need for an additional technological step.
  • the antenna considered is an RFID antenna operating in the near field.
  • the invention aims to solve the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art by providing a screen provided with an integrated antenna whose manufacture does not require - or very few - additional technological steps, and allows more optimal use of the 'available space.
  • antenna is meant a radiating antenna, operating in the far field, transmitting and / or receiving.
  • this object can be achieved by a flat screen comprising an active matrix of pixels, an electrode common to said pixels and a conductive strip connected to said common electrode and at least partially surrounding said active matrix, characterized in that at least one slot forming an antenna is formed in said conductive strip.
  • the conductive strip may form a ring surrounding at least a portion of said active matrix (this is the case most common in the prior art), but it may also have an open shape, for example L or U.
  • the generally annular conductive strip surrounding the active matrix and its common electrode is normally provided in the active matrix flat screens in order to standardize the potential of said common electrode (generally the cathode). Therefore, the implementation of the invention does not increase the dimensions of the device.
  • the slot antenna can be produced simultaneously with the production by deposition of the conductive strip, thanks to a suitable photolithographic mask. The extra cost generated is therefore virtually zero.
  • Another object of the invention is a portable apparatus comprising: such a flat screen; an electronic card comprising a ground plane parallel to said flat screen and electrically connected with the conductive strip of the latter; means for generating and / or detecting radio frequency electrical signals; and an excitation port of the slot antenna integrated in the flat screen, connected to said means for generating and / or detecting radio frequency electrical signals.
  • the slot antenna may be sized to have a resonance and be at least approximately impedance matched to the excitation port at a frequency of electrical signals generated or detected by said means.
  • a flat screen E active matrix OLED type generally comprises a transparent substrate S, typically made of glass, on which is deposited a matrix M of electrodes (anodes) A transparent, individually connected to lines of d power supply (not shown) via thin-film transistors T.
  • a layer of electroluminescent semiconductor polymer forming the OLEDs is deposited on the anodes A.
  • Anode A and the corresponding OLED form a pixel, or more precisely a subpixel (a complete pixel consisting of three pixels of different colors: blue, green and red).
  • a metal layer C disposed above this polymer layer, forms a cathode common to all the pixels.
  • the common cathode C has a very small thickness, of the order of 1 micron, facing lateral dimensions (width, length) of a few centimeters.
  • lateral dimensions width, length
  • Such a ring - indicated by the reference R on the figures 2 and 3a - 3rd may typically have a thickness of between 50 nm and 2 ⁇ m, and preferably between 100 nm and 1 ⁇ m and a width of between 50 ⁇ m and 10 mm and preferably between 100 ⁇ m and 2 mm.
  • the conductivity of the ring R is sufficient to maintain it at a substantially homogeneous potential, and thus to homogenize the potential of the common cathode C.
  • This ring can be made of aluminum or silver or copper or even molybdenum for example.
  • the ring R could be replaced by a conductive strip of "open" shape, for example U or L, extending over only a portion of the periphery of the cathode.
  • the ring R does not protrude from the surface of the screen E to minimize the dimensions of the latter.
  • the idea underlying the invention is to use a slot or groove made in the ring R as an antenna.
  • the principle of the slot antenna, per se, is known from the prior art: see in particular the Chapter 7, lines 441 - 481 of R. Garg, P. Bhartia, I. Bahl & A. Ittipiboon, "Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook", 2001 Artech House .
  • the figure 2 shows an active matrix screen E having a conducting ring R in which is practiced a slot F opening on an edge of the ring.
  • a port P allows the excitation of the slot by a radio frequency signal or, conversely, the extraction of an electrical signal induced in the slot by an external radiofrequency electromagnetic field;
  • Paragraph 7.3 of the above-mentioned work describes excitation ports of a slot antenna based on the principle of the coplanar waveguide.
  • the wireless communication protocols for nomadic devices include the use of frequencies greater than 500 MHz, and can reach 5 - 6 GHz (for example, the GSM standard operates at 900 MHz, the GPS standard at 1, 5GHz, the UMTS standard at 2 GHz and the WiFi standard at 2.4 and 5 GHz).
  • a ground plane PM extends parallel to the screen E at a distance of a few millimeters from the latter: such a ground plane is generally provided in the electronic boards of the apparatus equipped with the screen according to the invention.
  • a CM connection connects the ring R to this ground plane.
  • the opening slot ("notch" antenna, or “notch”) of figures 2 and 3a is only one possible embodiment of the invention.
  • the slot may be non-opening and rectilinear ( figure 3b ), non-opening and L-shaped ( figure 3c ), L-shaped and opening at one end (not shown) or ring-shaped ( figure 3d ).
  • the slot coming out of the figure 3a is the preferred embodiment of the invention, because of its small size: indeed, its length is only ⁇ / 4, instead of ⁇ / 2 for the case of a non-opening slot, ⁇ being the wavelength associated with the resonance frequency of the slot.
  • the ring slot of the figure 3d is a relatively restrictive embodiment, because the dimensions of the ring determine the resonant frequency of the antenna. In addition, it is necessary to provide a conductive "bridge" for interconnecting the two parts of the ring R, separated by the slot.
  • the graph of the figure 4a shows the impedance Z (curve ReZ: real part, curve ImZ: imaginary part) of the slot as a function of the frequency f, expressed in GHz.
  • Z curve ReZ: real part
  • curve ImZ imaginary part
  • the first resonance peak makes it possible to perform an impedance quasi-adaptation (at 50 ⁇ ) between the slot and the port P at a frequency f m ⁇ 2.3 GHz.
  • the graph of the parameter S 11 module (voltage reflection coefficient at the input), reproduced on the figure 2b confirms this result: a minimum value of
  • f m does not depend solely on the geometry of the slot F, but also on its environment, and in particular the dielectric properties of the substrate S and the distance at which the ground plane PM is located.
  • the resistivity of the ring R and especially the dielectric losses in the glass substrate limit the radiation efficiency R eff of the antenna, as shown in FIG. figure 4c . Since the structure has not been optimized, this efficiency is minimal at the frequency f m ; even under these conditions, however, it is compatible with the specifications of most wireless communications applications.
  • the invention has been described with reference to a particular type of OLED screen, but this in no way constitutes a limitation. Indeed, the invention can also be applied to liquid crystal displays (LCD), as well as OLED or LCD screens of different structure, using an opaque substrate and a common electrode C (which may be a cathode, as in the example, or a transparent anode).
  • LCD liquid crystal displays
  • common electrode C which may be a cathode, as in the example, or a transparent anode.

Description

L'invention porte sur un écran plat, du type à matrice active, comportant une antenne intégrée. L'invention porte également sur un appareil électronique portable, tel qu'un téléphone portable, comportant un tel écran.The invention relates to a flat screen, of the active matrix type, comprising an integrated antenna. The invention also relates to a portable electronic device, such as a mobile phone, comprising such a screen.

Le marché des appareils portables, ou « nomades », communicants, tels que les téléphones portables, les ordinateurs palmaires, etc. est en expansion continue. Ces appareils nécessitent des antennes pour pouvoir se connecter à des réseaux de communications (GSM, UMTS, etc.), utiliser des liaisons sans-fils à courte portée (Wifi, Bluetooth, etc.) ou des systèmes de navigation et positionnement par satellite (GPS, Galileo, etc.). Parfois un seul appareil doit comporter plusieurs antennes, fonctionnant à des fréquences différentes.The market for portable devices, or "nomads", communicating, such as mobile phones, palm computers, etc. is in continuous expansion. These devices require antennas to be able to connect to communication networks (GSM, UMTS, etc.), use short-range wireless links (Wifi, Bluetooth, etc.) or satellite navigation and positioning systems ( GPS, Galileo, etc.). Sometimes a single device must have multiple antennas, operating at different frequencies.

L'utilisation d'antennes de type traditionnel, réalisées en tant qu'éléments discrets et assemblées aux autres composants, s'avère peu satisfaisante du point de vue de la compacité de l'appareil et du coût de fabrication. Par conséquent, différentes solutions ont été développées pour intégrer des antennes dans d'autres composants.The use of antennas of traditional type, made as discrete elements and assembled with the other components, proves unsatisfactory from the point of view of the compactness of the apparatus and the cost of manufacture. As a result, different solutions have been developed for integrating antennas into other components.

Dans les appareils modernes, l'écran - à cristaux liquides (LCD) ou à diodes électroluminescentes organiques (OLED : organic light-emitting diodes) - tend à occuper la plus grande surface possible, généralement au détriment du clavier qui est parfois purement et simplement supprimé pour être remplacé par un écran tactile. Il a donc été envisagé d'intégrer des antennes émettrices et/ou réceptrices à des écrans plats.In modern devices, the screen - liquid crystal (LCD) or organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) - tends to occupy the largest possible area, usually at the expense of the keyboard that is sometimes purely and simply deleted to be replaced by a touch screen. It has therefore been envisaged to integrate transmitting and / or receiving antennas to flat screens.

Le document US2004189625 divulgue une antenne réalisée par un matériau conducteur intégrée dans un écran à pixels. Les documents US 6,973,709 et US 6,825,811 décrivent des antennes formées par un motif réalisé en matériau conducteur transparent (ITO : oxyde d'indium et étain) déposé sur l'écran. On parle d'antennes imprimées sur l'écran (POD : printed-on-display).The document US2004189625 discloses an antenna made of a conductive material integrated in a pixel screen. The documents US 6,973,709 and US 6,825,811 describe antennas formed by a pattern made of transparent conductive material (ITO: indium oxide and tin) deposited on the screen. We speak of antennas printed on the screen (POD: printed-on-display).

Le document US 7,242,353 décrit une antenne intégrée non directement à un écran, mais à un support mécanique enserrant ce dernier.The document US 7,242,353 describes an antenna integrated not directly to a screen, but to a mechanical support enclosing the latter.

Ces solutions ne sont pas entièrement satisfaisantes d'un point de vue économique, car une ou plusieurs étapes technologiques supplémentaires doivent être prévues pour la fabrication de l'antenne.These solutions are not entirely satisfactory from an economic point of view, because one or more additional technological steps must be provided for the manufacture of the antenna.

Le document US 7,336,270 décrit une antenne RFID réalisée sur le substrat d'un écran à cristaux liquides, à côté de l'écran proprement dit, et connectée à une puce électronique montée sur le même substrat. Cette antenne est réalisée en même temps qu'un élément conducteur de l'écran, sans besoin d'une étape technologique supplémentaire. Cependant, il faut prévoir sur le substrat la place pour la puce et l'antenne à côté de l'écran, ce qui va à l'encontre des exigences de miniaturisation des appareils et a également une influence négative sur leur coût. Mais surtout, l'antenne considérée n'est qu'une antenne RFID fonctionnant en champs proche.The document US 7,336,270 describes an RFID antenna made on the substrate of a liquid crystal screen, next to the screen itself, and connected to an electronic chip mounted on the same substrate. This antenna is made at the same time as a conductive element of the screen, without the need for an additional technological step. However, it is necessary to provide on the substrate the place for the chip and the antenna next to the screen, which goes against the requirements of miniaturization devices and also has a negative influence on their cost. But above all, the antenna considered is an RFID antenna operating in the near field.

L'invention vise à résoudre les inconvénients précités de l'art antérieur en procurant un écran pourvu d'une antenne intégrée dont la fabrication ne nécessite pas - ou très peu - d'étapes technologiques additionnelles, et permet de plus une utilisation optimale de l'espace disponible. Par « antenne » on entend une antenne rayonnante, opérant en champ lointain, en émission et/ou en réception.The invention aims to solve the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art by providing a screen provided with an integrated antenna whose manufacture does not require - or very few - additional technological steps, and allows more optimal use of the 'available space. By "antenna" is meant a radiating antenna, operating in the far field, transmitting and / or receiving.

Conformément à l'invention, ce but peut être atteint par un écran plat comportant une matrice active de pixels, une électrode commune auxdites pixels et une bande conductrice connectée à ladite électrode commune et entourant au moins partiellement ladite matrice active, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une fente formant une antenne est pratiquée dans ladite bande conductrice. La bande conductrice peut former un anneau entourant au moins une partie de ladite matrice active (c'est là le cas le plus courant dans l'art antérieur), mais elle peut également présenter une forme ouverte, par exemple en L ou en U.According to the invention, this object can be achieved by a flat screen comprising an active matrix of pixels, an electrode common to said pixels and a conductive strip connected to said common electrode and at least partially surrounding said active matrix, characterized in that at least one slot forming an antenna is formed in said conductive strip. The conductive strip may form a ring surrounding at least a portion of said active matrix (this is the case most common in the prior art), but it may also have an open shape, for example L or U.

La bande conductrice, généralement annulaire, entourant la matrice active et son électrode commune est normalement prévue dans les écrans plats à matrice active afin d'uniformiser le potentiel de ladite électrode commune (généralement, la cathode). Par conséquent, la mise en oeuvre de l'invention n'augmente pas les dimensions du dispositif. En outre, l'antenne à fente peut être réalisée simultanément à la fabrication par dépôt de la bande conductrice, grâce à un masque photolithographique opportun. Le surcoût engendré est donc pratiquement nul.The generally annular conductive strip surrounding the active matrix and its common electrode is normally provided in the active matrix flat screens in order to standardize the potential of said common electrode (generally the cathode). Therefore, the implementation of the invention does not increase the dimensions of the device. In addition, the slot antenna can be produced simultaneously with the production by deposition of the conductive strip, thanks to a suitable photolithographic mask. The extra cost generated is therefore virtually zero.

Selon des modes de réalisation particuliers de l'invention :

  • L'antenne peut être formée par une fente débouchant sur un bord de ladite bande, par une fente non débouchant ou par une fente annulaire entourant la matrice active de pixels.
  • Ladite bande conductrice peut être réalisée par dépôt sur un substrat de l'écran et présenter une épaisseur comprise entre 50 nm et 2 µm (de préférence entre 100 nm et 1 µm) et/ou une largeur comprise entre 50 µm et 10 mm (de préférence entre 100 µm et 2 mm). Cette largeur peut être constante ou variable le long de la bande. On choisira avantageusement de réaliser la fente dans la partie la plus large de la bande
  • Ladite fente peut être dimensionnée de manière à présenter au moins une résonance à une fréquence comprise entre 100 MHz et 10 GHz.
According to particular embodiments of the invention:
  • The antenna may be formed by a slot opening on an edge of said strip, a non-opening slot or an annular slot surrounding the active matrix of pixels.
  • Said conductive strip may be produced by deposition on a substrate of the screen and have a thickness of between 50 nm and 2 μm (preferably between 100 nm and 1 μm) and / or a width of between 50 μm and 10 mm ( preferably between 100 μm and 2 mm). This width can be constant or variable along the strip. We will advantageously choose to make the slot in the widest part of the strip
  • The slot may be sized to have at least one resonance at a frequency between 100 MHz and 10 GHz.

Un autre objet de l'invention est un appareil portable comportant : un tel écran plat ; une carte électronique comportant un plan de masse parallèle audit écran plat et connecté électriquement avec la bande conductrice de ce dernier ; des moyens de génération et/ou de détection de signaux électriques à radiofréquence ; et un port d'excitation de l'antenne à fente intégrée dans l'écran plat, connecté auxdits moyens de génération et/ou de détection de signaux électriques à radiofréquence.Another object of the invention is a portable apparatus comprising: such a flat screen; an electronic card comprising a ground plane parallel to said flat screen and electrically connected with the conductive strip of the latter; means for generating and / or detecting radio frequency electrical signals; and an excitation port of the slot antenna integrated in the flat screen, connected to said means for generating and / or detecting radio frequency electrical signals.

Avantageusement, l'antenne à fente peut être dimensionnée de manière à présenter une résonance et être au moins approximativement adaptée en impédance au port d'excitation à une fréquence des signaux électriques générés ou détectés par lesdits moyens.Advantageously, the slot antenna may be sized to have a resonance and be at least approximately impedance matched to the excitation port at a frequency of electrical signals generated or detected by said means.

D'autres caractéristiques, détails et avantages de l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description faite en référence aux dessins annexés donnés à titre d'exemple et qui représentent, respectivement :

  • la figure 1, une vue éclatée d'un écran plat à diodes électroluminescentes organiques connu de l'art antérieur ;
  • la figure 2, d'une manière schématique, une vue en élévation d'un écran plat selon l'invention, dans lequel une antenne à fente est intégrée ;
  • les figures 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d et 3e, différentes géométries d'une antenne à fente pouvant être intégrée à un écran du type de la figure 1 ;
  • les figures 4a, 4b et 4c, des graphiques permettant d'apprécier les performances d'une antenne intégrée à un écran plat selon l'invention.
Other characteristics, details and advantages of the invention will emerge on reading the description given with reference to the accompanying drawings given by way of example and which represent, respectively:
  • the figure 1 an exploded view of a flat screen organic light-emitting diode known from the prior art;
  • the figure 2 schematically an elevational view of a flat screen according to the invention, in which a slot antenna is integrated;
  • the FIGS. 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d and 3e , different geometries of a slotted antenna that can be integrated into a screen of the type of the figure 1 ;
  • the Figures 4a, 4b and 4c , graphics making it possible to appreciate the performances of an antenna integrated in a flat screen according to the invention.

La figure 1 montre qu'un écran plat E à matrice active de type OLED comporte en général un substrat transparent S, typiquement réalisé en verre, sur lequel est déposée une matrice M d'électrodes (anodes) A transparentes, connectées de manière individuelle à des lignes d'alimentation électrique (non représentées) par l'intermédiaire de transistors à film mince T. Une couche de polymère semiconducteur électroluminescent formant les OLED est déposée sur les anodes A. Une anode A et l'OLED correspondant forment un pixel, ou plus précisément un sous-pixel (un pixel complet étant constitué par trois pixels de couleurs différentes : bleu, vert et rouge). Une couche métallique C, disposée au-dessus de cette couche de polymère, forme une cathode commune à tous les pixels.The figure 1 shows that a flat screen E active matrix OLED type generally comprises a transparent substrate S, typically made of glass, on which is deposited a matrix M of electrodes (anodes) A transparent, individually connected to lines of d power supply (not shown) via thin-film transistors T. A layer of electroluminescent semiconductor polymer forming the OLEDs is deposited on the anodes A. Anode A and the corresponding OLED form a pixel, or more precisely a subpixel (a complete pixel consisting of three pixels of different colors: blue, green and red). A metal layer C, disposed above this polymer layer, forms a cathode common to all the pixels.

La cathode commune C présente une épaisseur très faible, de l'ordre de 1 µm, face à des dimensions latérales (largeur, longueur) de quelques centimètres. Pour éviter que la résistance relativement importante qui en résulte induise des chutes de tension non négligeables d'un point à l'autre de la cathode, et donc un potentiel électrique inhomogène qui pourrait interférer avec le bon fonctionnement de la matrice de transistors, il est connu de prévoir une bande conductrice en forme d'anneau plus épaisse à la périphérie de la cathode et en contact électrique avec ce dernier. Un tel anneau - indiqué par la référence R sur les figures 2 et 3a - 3e, peut présenter typiquement une épaisseur comprise entre 50 nm et 2 µm, et de préférence entre 100 nm et 1 µm et une largeur comprise entre 50 µm et 10 mm et de préférence entre 100 µm et 2 mm. La conductivité de l'anneau R est suffisante pour le maintenir à un potentiel sensiblement homogène, et pour homogénéiser ainsi le potentiel de la cathode commune C. Cet anneau peut être réalisé en aluminium ou en argent ou en cuivre ou encore en molybdène par exemple. Comme évoqué plus haut, l'anneau R pourrait être remplacé par une bande conductrice de forme « ouverte », par exemple en U ou en L, s'étendant sur une partie seulement de la périphérie de la cathode.The common cathode C has a very small thickness, of the order of 1 micron, facing lateral dimensions (width, length) of a few centimeters. In order to prevent the relatively large resistance that results from inducing significant voltage drops from one point to the other of the cathode, and therefore an inhomogeneous electrical potential which could interfere with the proper operation of the matrix of transistors, it is It is known to provide a thicker ring-shaped conductive strip at the periphery of the cathode and in electrical contact therewith. Such a ring - indicated by the reference R on the figures 2 and 3a - 3rd may typically have a thickness of between 50 nm and 2 μm, and preferably between 100 nm and 1 μm and a width of between 50 μm and 10 mm and preferably between 100 μm and 2 mm. The conductivity of the ring R is sufficient to maintain it at a substantially homogeneous potential, and thus to homogenize the potential of the common cathode C. This ring can be made of aluminum or silver or copper or even molybdenum for example. As mentioned above, the ring R could be replaced by a conductive strip of "open" shape, for example U or L, extending over only a portion of the periphery of the cathode.

De préférence, comme dans le cas de la figure, l'anneau R ne déborde pas de la surface de l'écran E pour minimiser les dimensions de ce dernier.Preferably, as in the case of the figure, the ring R does not protrude from the surface of the screen E to minimize the dimensions of the latter.

L'idée à la base de l'invention consiste à utiliser une fente ou rainure pratiquée dans l'anneau R en tant qu'antenne. Le principe de l'antenne à fente, en soi, est connu de l'art antérieur : voir en particulier le chapitre 7, lignes 441 - 481 de l'ouvrage de R. Garg, P. Bhartia, I. Bahl & A. Ittipiboon, « Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook », 2001 Artech House .The idea underlying the invention is to use a slot or groove made in the ring R as an antenna. The principle of the slot antenna, per se, is known from the prior art: see in particular the Chapter 7, lines 441 - 481 of R. Garg, P. Bhartia, I. Bahl & A. Ittipiboon, "Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook", 2001 Artech House .

La figure 2 montre un écran à matrice active E comportant un anneau conducteur R dans lequel est pratiquée une fente F débouchant sur un bord de l'anneau. Un port P permet l'excitation de la fente par un signal à radiofréquence ou, inversement, l'extraction d'un signal électrique induit dans la fente par un champ électromagnétique externe à radiofréquence ; le paragraphe 7.3 de l'ouvrage précité décrit des ports d'excitation d'une antenne à fente basés sur le principe du guide d'onde coplanaire.The figure 2 shows an active matrix screen E having a conducting ring R in which is practiced a slot F opening on an edge of the ring. A port P allows the excitation of the slot by a radio frequency signal or, conversely, the extraction of an electrical signal induced in the slot by an external radiofrequency electromagnetic field; Paragraph 7.3 of the above-mentioned work describes excitation ports of a slot antenna based on the principle of the coplanar waveguide.

Le signal électromagnétique injecté dans la fente F par le port P, ou capté par ladite fente, n'influence pas le fonctionnement des transistors de l'écran E car sa fréquence est bien au-delà de la fréquence de coupure de ces dispositifs. En effet, typiquement les protocoles de communication sans fils pour appareils nomades comportent l'utilisation de fréquences supérieures à 500 MHz, et pouvant atteindre les 5 - 6 GHz (par exemple, le standard GSM fonctionne à 900 MHz, le standard GPS à 1,5GHz, le standard UMTS à 2 GHz et le standard Wifi à 2,4 et 5 GHz).The electromagnetic signal injected into the slot F by the port P, or picked up by said slot, does not influence the operation of the transistors of the screen E because its frequency is well beyond the cutoff frequency of these devices. Typically, the wireless communication protocols for nomadic devices include the use of frequencies greater than 500 MHz, and can reach 5 - 6 GHz (for example, the GSM standard operates at 900 MHz, the GPS standard at 1, 5GHz, the UMTS standard at 2 GHz and the WiFi standard at 2.4 and 5 GHz).

Un plan de masse PM s'étend parallèlement à l'écran E à une distance de quelques millimètres de ce dernier : un tel plan de masse est généralement prévu dans les cartes électroniques de l'appareillage équipé de l'écran selon l'invention. Une connexion CM relie l'anneau R à ce plan de masse.A ground plane PM extends parallel to the screen E at a distance of a few millimeters from the latter: such a ground plane is generally provided in the electronic boards of the apparatus equipped with the screen according to the invention. A CM connection connects the ring R to this ground plane.

La fente débouchant (antenne de type « notch », ou « encoche ») des figures 2 et 3a ne constitue qu'un mode de réalisation possible de l'invention. En variante, la fente peut être non-débouchant et rectiligne (figure 3b), non-débouchant et en forme de L (figure 3c), en forme de L et débouchant à une extrémité (non représentée), voire en forme d'anneau (figure 3d). Il est également possible de réaliser plusieurs antennes à fente distinctes (F1, F2) pour opérer à des fréquences multiples, ou pour réaliser des systèmes à diversité d'antennes (figure 3e).The opening slot ("notch" antenna, or "notch") of figures 2 and 3a is only one possible embodiment of the invention. As a variant, the slot may be non-opening and rectilinear ( figure 3b ), non-opening and L-shaped ( figure 3c ), L-shaped and opening at one end (not shown) or ring-shaped ( figure 3d ). It is also possible to realize several separate slot antennas (F 1 , F 2 ) to operate at multiple frequencies, or to realize antenna diversity systems ( figure 3e ).

En général, la fente débouchant de la figure 3a constitue le mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, en raison de ses petites dimensions : en effet, sa longueur n'est que de λ/4, au lieu de λ/2 pour le cas d'une fente non débouchant, λ étant la longueur d'onde associée à la fréquence de résonance de la fente.In general, the slot coming out of the figure 3a is the preferred embodiment of the invention, because of its small size: indeed, its length is only λ / 4, instead of λ / 2 for the case of a non-opening slot, λ being the wavelength associated with the resonance frequency of the slot.

La fente en anneau de la figure 3d constitue un mode de réalisation relativement contraignant, car les dimensions de l'anneau déterminent la fréquence de résonance de l'antenne. En outre, il faut prévoir un « pont » conducteur pour relier entre elles les deux parties de l'anneau R, séparées par la fente.The ring slot of the figure 3d is a relatively restrictive embodiment, because the dimensions of the ring determine the resonant frequency of the antenna. In addition, it is necessary to provide a conductive "bridge" for interconnecting the two parts of the ring R, separated by the slot.

Les figures 4a - 4c montent les résultats d'une simulation basée sur le dispositif de la figure 2. Les caractéristiques de la structure simulée sont les suivantes :

  • substrat en verre pyrex de 1 mm d'épaisseur, avec |εr|=4,82 et tanδ=0,0054 et de dimensions 30 x 50 mm ;
  • anneau conducteur en aluminium de largeur 2 mm, d'épaisseur 1 µm, de forme rectangulaire et de dimensions 22 x 42 mm ;
  • plan de masse supposé infini, à 5 mm de la cathode C ;
  • cathode C en aluminium, 1 µm d'épaisseur ;
  • fente débouchant sur un côté long de l'anneau, de forme rectangulaire, largeur 0,5 mm ; longueur 3cm
  • port P à 50 Ω.
The Figures 4a - 4c mount the results of a simulation based on the device of the figure 2 . The characteristics of the simulated structure are as follows:
  • pyrex glass substrate 1 mm thick, with | ε r | = 4.82 and tanδ = 0.0054 and dimensions 30 x 50 mm;
  • aluminum conductor ring of width 2 mm, thickness 1 μm, rectangular in shape and dimensions 22 x 42 mm;
  • ground plane assumed infinite, 5 mm from cathode C;
  • aluminum cathode C, 1 μm thick;
  • slot opening on a long side of the ring, rectangular in shape, width 0.5 mm; length 3cm
  • port P at 50 Ω.

Le graphique de la figure 4a montre l'impédance Z (courbe ReZ : partie réelle ; courbe ImZ : partie imaginaire) de la fente en fonction de la fréquence f, exprimée en GHz. On observe deux résonances, une aux alentours de 2,3 GHz et une autre à 2,75 GHz environ. Le premier pic de résonance permet de réaliser une quasi-adaptation d'impédance (à 50 Ω) entre la fente et le port P à une fréquence fm≅2,3 GHz. Le graphique du module du paramètre S11 (coefficient de réflexion en tension à l'entrée), reproduit sur la figure 2b, confirme ce résultat : on observe une valeur minimale de |S11| de -25 dB et une bande B10 à -10 dB d'une largeur d'environ 25 MHz centrée autour de fm.The graph of the figure 4a shows the impedance Z (curve ReZ: real part, curve ImZ: imaginary part) of the slot as a function of the frequency f, expressed in GHz. There are two resonances, one around 2.3 GHz and another around 2.75 GHz. The first resonance peak makes it possible to perform an impedance quasi-adaptation (at 50 Ω) between the slot and the port P at a frequency f m ≅2.3 GHz. The graph of the parameter S 11 module (voltage reflection coefficient at the input), reproduced on the figure 2b confirms this result: a minimum value of | S 11 | -25 dB and a 10 dB band at -10 dB with a width of about 25 MHz centered around f m .

La valeur de fm ne dépend pas uniquement de la géométrie de la fente F, mais également de son environnement, et en particulier des propriétés diélectriques du substrat S et de la distance à laquelle est situé le plan de masse PM.The value of f m does not depend solely on the geometry of the slot F, but also on its environment, and in particular the dielectric properties of the substrate S and the distance at which the ground plane PM is located.

La résistivité de l'anneau R et surtout les pertes diélectriques dans le substrat en verre limitent l'efficacité de rayonnement Reff de l'antenne, comme représenté sur la figure 4c. La structure n'ayant pas été optimisée, cette efficacité est minimale à la fréquence fm; même dans ces conditions, cependant, elle est compatible avec les spécifications de la plupart des applications de communications sans-fils.The resistivity of the ring R and especially the dielectric losses in the glass substrate limit the radiation efficiency R eff of the antenna, as shown in FIG. figure 4c . Since the structure has not been optimized, this efficiency is minimal at the frequency f m ; even under these conditions, however, it is compatible with the specifications of most wireless communications applications.

L'invention a été décrite en référence à un type particulier d'écran OLED, mais cela ne constitue nullement une limitation. En effet, l'invention peut s'appliquer également à des écrans à cristaux liquides (LCD), ainsi qu'à des écrans OLED ou LCD de structure différente, utilisant un substrat opaque et une électrode commune C (qui peut être une cathode, comme dans l'exemple, ou une anode) transparente.The invention has been described with reference to a particular type of OLED screen, but this in no way constitutes a limitation. Indeed, the invention can also be applied to liquid crystal displays (LCD), as well as OLED or LCD screens of different structure, using an opaque substrate and a common electrode C (which may be a cathode, as in the example, or a transparent anode).

Claims (11)

  1. Flat screen (E) comprising an active pixel matrix (M), an electrode (C) common to said pixels and a conductive strip (R) electrically connected to said common electrode and surrounding at least partially said active matrix, characterised in that at least one slot (F) forming an antenna is used in said conductive strip.
  2. Flat screen according to claim 1, wherein said conductive strip forms a ring surrounding at least one part of said active matrix.
  3. Flat screen according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein said antenna is formed by a slot leading to an edge of said conductive strip.
  4. Flat screen according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein said antenna is formed by a non-leading slot.
  5. Flat screen according to claim 2, wherein said antenna is formed by an annular slot surrounding the pixel active matrix.
  6. Flat screen according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said conductive strip is made by depositing on a substrate (S) of the screen.
  7. Flat screen according to claim 6, wherein said conductive strip presents a thickness comprised between 50 nm and 2 µm, and preferably between 100 nm and 1 µm.
  8. Flat screen according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said conductive strip presents a width comprised between 50 µm and 10 mm, and preferably between 100 µm and 2 mm.
  9. Flat screen according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said slot is sized so as to present at least one resonance at a frequency comprised between 100 MHz and 10 GHz.
  10. Portable device comprising:
    - a flat screen (E) according to any one of the preceding claims;
    - an electronic board comprising a mass plane (PM) parallel to said flat screen and electrically connected to the conductive strip of the latter;
    - means for generating and/or detecting electrical radiofrequency signals; and
    - an excitation port (P) of the antenna with integrated-slot in the flat screen, connected to said means for generating and/or detecting electrical radiofrequency signals.
  11. Portable device according to claim 10, wherein the slot antenna is sized so as to present a resonance and be at least approximately adapted in impedance to the excitation port at a frequency (fm) of the electrical signals generated or detected by said means.
EP09801236.2A 2009-01-07 2009-12-18 Flat screen with integrated antenna Active EP2380236B1 (en)

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FR0900036A FR2940872B1 (en) 2009-01-07 2009-01-07 FLAT SCREEN WITH INTEGRATED ANTENNA
PCT/FR2009/001461 WO2010079268A1 (en) 2009-01-07 2009-12-18 Flat screen with integrated antenna

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FR2940872A1 (en) 2010-07-09
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JP5539392B2 (en) 2014-07-02
EP2380236A1 (en) 2011-10-26
JP2012514926A (en) 2012-06-28
US20120019419A1 (en) 2012-01-26
US8922434B2 (en) 2014-12-30
KR20110103452A (en) 2011-09-20

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