EP2376275A2 - Method for producing laid fibre fabrics, and laid fibre fabrics and their use - Google Patents

Method for producing laid fibre fabrics, and laid fibre fabrics and their use

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Publication number
EP2376275A2
EP2376275A2 EP09804017A EP09804017A EP2376275A2 EP 2376275 A2 EP2376275 A2 EP 2376275A2 EP 09804017 A EP09804017 A EP 09804017A EP 09804017 A EP09804017 A EP 09804017A EP 2376275 A2 EP2376275 A2 EP 2376275A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fiber
fibers
filaments
layer
range
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09804017A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Florian Gojny
Heide Gommel
Johannes LÜKEN
Peter Piechatzek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SGL Carbon SE
Original Assignee
SGL Carbon SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SGL Carbon SE filed Critical SGL Carbon SE
Publication of EP2376275A2 publication Critical patent/EP2376275A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/002—Inorganic yarns or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/20—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
    • B29C70/202—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres arranged in parallel planes or structures of fibres crossing at substantial angles, e.g. cross-moulding compound [XMC]
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/002—Inorganic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/004—Glass yarns or filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/03—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments at random
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24058—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
    • Y10T428/24124—Fibers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the production of fiber layers, as well as fiber fabrics and their use.
  • Fiber fabrics are inexpensive to produce compared to fabrics. At the same time, however, fiber fabrics have only a very poor cohesion, which makes processing of fiber layers, especially on an industrial scale, much more difficult.
  • fiber layers can be glued, be linked or forfeited by hot-melt binding threads or joined together by needling.
  • a method for producing a composite based on a fiber structure using a chemical binder is described, for example, in the patent FR 1 394 271.
  • a compound of fiber layers by needling leads only to comparatively low loadable fiber layers, while a compound by gluing or using hot melt binding threads carries the risk that at higher temperatures cohesion of the fiber fabric in sufficient strength is no longer given, as the adhesive or melt or decompose the hot-melt binding yarns.
  • residues may remain on the fiber layer.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to produce a fabric which avoids local accumulations of fibers and improves the final component properties.
  • filament yarn of carbon, glass, ceramic or polymer eg aramid
  • the scrim according to the invention should consist of laid fiber material in the form of fiber bundles or multifilaments and the binding thread (eg knitting thread) required for joining the individual device layers.
  • This object is achieved by a mechanical consolidation of the fiber bundle, wherein the fiber structure of the submitted fiber is included and used to stabilize the fiber structure.
  • a device for the mechanical consolidation of fiber layers is shown in FIG.
  • the number of submitted filament yarns according to the invention depends on the basis weight to be achieved in the device layer.
  • the sizing content and the fiber surface properties can already be adapted during the fiber production for the purpose of adjustment.
  • the invention therefore relates to a method for producing a fiber layer with a longitudinal direction, wherein the method is based on the fact that parallel guided fiber bundles of equal or different fiber fineness spreads, merged overlapping and thereby mechanically consolidated, wherein at least a sliver is obtained as a Einhechtungslage with a defined width without the application of an additional fixative and / or additional mechanical or physical fixation methods.
  • Different titers of the fiber particularly preferably allow different spread widths of the individual fiber bundles. The higher the titer, the greater the possible spread width.
  • Adhesion forces are interaction forces between molecules of different substances between several phases. Adhesion forces cause the stiction, the adhesion of different substances and the wetting.
  • filament yarns of the present invention are spread parallel to each other in accordance with the required number, wherein the filament yarns can also partially overlap.
  • Filament yarns are endless filaments, usually of synthetic, natural or inorganic raw materials, so-called filaments spun from spinnerets.
  • a fiber bundle consists of slivers, each representing thick, linear formations of many fibers, z. B. preferably 5000 to 400,000 fibers and more preferably 50,000 fibers in the band cross-section.
  • the spreading according to the invention is carried out in several, preferably two to five planes via round and / or angular deflection rollers, which are fixedly mounted.
  • the separately spread levels are then merged overlapping.
  • the course of the spreading is preferably carried out via heated deflection points and various devices that can act on the material with temperature, pressure and humidity.
  • individual deflection points are integrated with air or suction nozzles in the process.
  • an optional overlap of the fibers of at least 1% to a maximum of 100% is possible, preferably from 5% to 50% and particularly preferably from 10% to 20%.
  • a fiber layer is more than 70% by weight, more preferably more than 99% by weight, of fibers selected from the group consisting of carbon fibers, precursor fibers of carbon fibers, ceramic fibers, glass fibers, polymer fibers (e.g. Aramid) and mixtures thereof, based on the total weight of the respective fiber layer.
  • fibers selected from the group consisting of carbon fibers, precursor fibers of carbon fibers, ceramic fibers, glass fibers, polymer fibers (e.g. Aramid) and mixtures thereof, based on the total weight of the respective fiber layer.
  • At least one fiber layer has a weight per unit area in a range of 50 g / m 2 to 800 g / m 2 , particularly preferred is a range of 100 g / m 2 to 300 g / m 2 , with this Particularly preferred range, for example, biaxial scrim with 200 g / m 2 to 600 g / m 2 produce.
  • At least one fiber bundle has a number of filaments in a range of 0.5 K (500 filaments) up to 500 K (500000 filaments), preferably in a range of 1 K (1000 filaments) up to 400 K (400000 filaments) , more preferably in a range of 12 K (12000 filaments) to 60 K (60,000 filaments).
  • the invention further provides a fiber fabric consisting of at least one or more device layers having a different orientation, obtainable by providing an arrangement of at least one fiber layer having a longitudinal direction which has partially or completely superimposed device layers, without an additional fixative and / or additional mechanical or physical fixing methods are required and wherein at least one fiber layer to more than 70 wt .-%, preferably more than 85 wt .-%, more preferably more than 98 wt .-% consists of fibers which are selected from the group consisting of carbon fibers, precursor fibers of carbon fibers, ceramic fibers, glass fibers, polymer fibers (eg aramid) and theirs Mixtures, based on the total weight of the respective fiber layer. Particularly preferably, the device layer is applied without additional transverse adhesion.
  • the fiber layer may also contain random fiber layers.
  • FIG. 2 shows two-ply fiber scrims with a device layer of + 45 ° and -45 ° and with a device layer of + 0 ° and 90 °.
  • Preference may also Wirrfaserlagen, nonwovens, nonwovens, random fiber nonwoven fabrics and other textile structures such as nets or films may be included above, below or in the middle of the fiber layers.
  • the fiber webs are preferably used for wind power plants, for automobiles, ships, for the aerospace industry, for rail vehicles and the other transport sector, sports equipment as well as the construction and construction sector.
  • the finished device layers are preferably stored refrigerated before they are then fed to the subsequent installation process.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a fibre layer with a longitudinal direction, wherein the method is based on the fact that fibre bundles having the same or a different fibre fineness which are guided in parallel are guided together in an overspread, overlapping manner and as a result are mechanically strengthened, wherein at least one sliver is obtained as a unidirectional layer with a defined width without additional fixing agent and/or additional mechanical or physical fixing methods.

Description

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Fasergelegen, sowie Fasergelege und deren Verwendung Process for the production of fiber layers, as well as fiber fabrics and their use
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Fasergelegen, sowie Fasergelege und deren Verwendung.The present invention relates to a process for the production of fiber layers, as well as fiber fabrics and their use.
Fasergelege sind im Vergleich zu Geweben preisgünstig herstellbar. Gleichzeitig weisen Fasergelege jedoch nur einen sehr schlechten Zusammenhalt auf, was eine Verarbeitung von Fasergelegen, insbesondere im technischen Maßstab stark erschwert. Zur Verbesserung des Zusammenhalts von Fasergelegen können beispielsweise Faserlagen verklebt werden, durch warmschmelzende Bindefäden verknüpft oder verwirkt werden oder durch Nadelung miteinander verbunden werden. Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundwerkstoffs auf Basis einer Faserstruktur unter Verwendung eines chemischen Bindemittels ist beispielsweise in der Patentschrift FR 1 394 271 beschrieben.Fiber fabrics are inexpensive to produce compared to fabrics. At the same time, however, fiber fabrics have only a very poor cohesion, which makes processing of fiber layers, especially on an industrial scale, much more difficult. To improve the cohesion of fiber layers, for example, fiber layers can be glued, be linked or forfeited by hot-melt binding threads or joined together by needling. A method for producing a composite based on a fiber structure using a chemical binder is described, for example, in the patent FR 1 394 271.
Eine Verbindung von Faserlagen durch Nadelung führt jedoch nur zu vergleichsweise gering belastbaren Fasergelegen, während eine Verbindung durch Verklebung oder unter Verwendung warmschmelzender Bindefäden die Gefahr in sich birgt, dass bei höheren Temperaturen ein Zusammenhalt des Fasergeleges in ausreichender Stärke nicht mehr gegeben ist, da der Klebstoff oder die warmschmelzenden Bindefäden schmelzen oder sich zersetzen. Nach einem Schmelzen oder Zersetzen von Klebstoff oder warmschmelzenden Bindefäden können zudem Rückstände auf dem Fasergelege zurückbleiben.However, a compound of fiber layers by needling leads only to comparatively low loadable fiber layers, while a compound by gluing or using hot melt binding threads carries the risk that at higher temperatures cohesion of the fiber fabric in sufficient strength is no longer given, as the adhesive or melt or decompose the hot-melt binding yarns. In addition, after melting or decomposition of adhesive or hot-melt binding threads, residues may remain on the fiber layer.
Im vorliegenden Gebiet der Technik besteht daher ein Bedarf nach der Entwicklung eines Verfahrens, das die Herstellung von Fasergelegen erleichtert und bei dem die einzelnen Ausgangsmaterial-Komponenten des Fasergeleges aufeinander abgestimmt sind, sowie der Bedarf nach einem deutlich verbesserten Gelege, bei dem eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der Filamente auf die Breite erreicht wird. Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist daher die Herstellung eines Geleges, bei dem lokale Ansammlungen von Fasern vermieden und die endgültigen Bauteileigenschaften verbessert werden.There is therefore a need in the art for developing a process that facilitates the manufacture of fiber webs and in which the individual raw material components of the fiber web are matched and the need for a significantly improved web in which a uniform distribution of fiber webs is achieved Filaments to the width is achieved. The object of the present invention is therefore to produce a fabric which avoids local accumulations of fibers and improves the final component properties.
Durch das Aufspreizen von Filamentgarn aus Kohlenstoff, Glas, Keramik oder Polymer (z. B. Aramid) soll eine gleichmäße Verteilung der Filamente auf die Breite erreicht werden.By spreading filament yarn of carbon, glass, ceramic or polymer (eg aramid), a uniform distribution of the filaments over the width is to be achieved.
Es soll ein Material ohne zusätzlichen Fixierstoff durch Aufspreizen von parallel geführten Faserbündeln gleicher oder unterschiedlicher Faserfeinheit zu einem Faserband als Einrichtungslage auf eine definierte Breite hergestellt werden.It is intended to produce a material without additional fixing material by spreading parallel-guided fiber bundles of the same or different fiber fineness into a sliver as a device layer to a defined width.
Das erfindungsgemäße Gelege soll aus abgelegtem Fasermaterial in Form von Faserbündeln oder Multifilamenten und dem zum Verbinden der einzelnen Einrichtungslagen benötigten Bindefaden (z. B. Wirkfaden) bestehen.The scrim according to the invention should consist of laid fiber material in the form of fiber bundles or multifilaments and the binding thread (eg knitting thread) required for joining the individual device layers.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch eine mechanische Verfestigung des Faserbundes, wobei die Faserstruktur der vorgelegten Faser einbezogen und zur Stabilisierung des Faserverbandes genutzt wird. Als Beispiel ist eine Vorrichtung zur mechanischen Verfestigung von Faserlagen in Fig. 1 gezeigt. Die Anzahl der erfindungsgemäßen vorgelegten Filamentgarne richtet sich dabei nach dem zu erzielenden Flächengewicht in der Einrichtungslage.This object is achieved by a mechanical consolidation of the fiber bundle, wherein the fiber structure of the submitted fiber is included and used to stabilize the fiber structure. By way of example, a device for the mechanical consolidation of fiber layers is shown in FIG. The number of submitted filament yarns according to the invention depends on the basis weight to be achieved in the device layer.
Optional kann zur Adjustierung bereits bei der Faserherstellung der Schlichtegehalt und die Faseroberflächenbeschaffenheit (beispielsweise Aktivierung der Faseroberfläche) angepasst werden.Optionally, the sizing content and the fiber surface properties (for example activation of the fiber surface) can already be adapted during the fiber production for the purpose of adjustment.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist daher ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Faserlage mit einer Längsrichtung, wobei das Verfahren darauf beruht, dass parallel geführte Faserbündel gleicher oder unterschiedlicher Faserfeinheit überspreizt, überlappend zusammengeführt und hierdurch mechanisch verfestigt werden, wobei mindestens ein Faserband als Einhchtungslage mit einer definierten Breite ohne Applizierung eines zusätzlichen Fixierstoffs und/oder zusätzliche mechanische oder physikalische Fixierungsmethoden erhalten wird.The invention therefore relates to a method for producing a fiber layer with a longitudinal direction, wherein the method is based on the fact that parallel guided fiber bundles of equal or different fiber fineness spreads, merged overlapping and thereby mechanically consolidated, wherein at least a sliver is obtained as a Einhechtungslage with a defined width without the application of an additional fixative and / or additional mechanical or physical fixation methods.
Verschiedene Titer der Faser ermöglichen besonders bevorzugt unterschiedliche Spreizbreiten der einzelnen Faserbündel. Je höher der Titer ist, desto größer ist die mögliche Spreizbreite.Different titers of the fiber particularly preferably allow different spread widths of the individual fiber bundles. The higher the titer, the greater the possible spread width.
Vorzugsweise muss keine zusätzliche Queradhäsion durch Einbringen von Klebegittern oder Klebenetzen aufgebracht werden. Adhäsionskräfte sind Wechselwirkungskräfte zwischen Molekülen unterschiedlicher Stoffe zwischen mehreren Phasen. Adhäsionskräfte bewirken die Haftreibung, das Aneinanderhaften von verschiedenen Stoffen und die Benetzung.Preferably, no additional transverse adhesion needs to be applied by introducing adhesive strips or adhesive nets. Adhesion forces are interaction forces between molecules of different substances between several phases. Adhesion forces cause the stiction, the adhesion of different substances and the wetting.
Die Filamentgarne der vorliegenden Erfindung werden entsprechend der benötigten Anzahl parallel nebeneinander aufgespreizt, wobei die Filamentgarne auch partiell überlappen können. Bei Filamentgarnen handelt es sich um endlose Fäden, in der Regel aus synthetischen, natürlichen oder anorganischen Rohstoffen, aus Spinndüsen gesponnener sogenannter Filamente.The filament yarns of the present invention are spread parallel to each other in accordance with the required number, wherein the filament yarns can also partially overlap. Filament yarns are endless filaments, usually of synthetic, natural or inorganic raw materials, so-called filaments spun from spinnerets.
Durch das Überspreizen des Materials wird eine gleichmäßige Ablage der Faserbündel ermöglicht. Ein Faserbündel besteht dabei aus Faserbändern, die jeweils dicke, linienförmige Gebilde aus vielen Fasern darstellen, z. B. bevorzugt 5000 bis 400000 Fasern und besonders bevorzugt 50000 Fasern im Bandquerschnitt.By spreading the material a uniform filing of the fiber bundles is made possible. A fiber bundle consists of slivers, each representing thick, linear formations of many fibers, z. B. preferably 5000 to 400,000 fibers and more preferably 50,000 fibers in the band cross-section.
Das erfindungsgemäße Spreizen wird in mehreren, bevorzugt zwei bis fünf Ebenen über runde und/oder eckige Umlenkrollen, die feststehend gelagert sind, ausgeführt. Die getrennt gespreizten Ebenen werden dann überlappend zusammengeführt. Der Verlauf der Spreizung erfolgt bevorzugt über beheizte Umlenkstellen und verschiedene Einrichtungen, die das Material mit Temperatur, Druck und Feuchtigkeit beaufschlagen können. Vorzugsweise werden einzelne Umlenkstellen mit Luftoder Saugdüsen in den Ablauf integriert. Bei der Spreizung ist eine optionale Überlappung der Fasern von mindestens 1 % bis maximal 100% möglich, bevorzugt von 5% bis 50% und besonders bevorzugt von 10% bis 20%.The spreading according to the invention is carried out in several, preferably two to five planes via round and / or angular deflection rollers, which are fixedly mounted. The separately spread levels are then merged overlapping. The course of the spreading is preferably carried out via heated deflection points and various devices that can act on the material with temperature, pressure and humidity. Preferably, individual deflection points are integrated with air or suction nozzles in the process. In the spread, an optional overlap of the fibers of at least 1% to a maximum of 100% is possible, preferably from 5% to 50% and particularly preferably from 10% to 20%.
Bevorzugt besteht eine Faserlage zu mehr als 70 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt zu mehr als 99 Gew.-% aus Fasern, die ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Kohlenstofffasern, Vorstufenfasern von Kohlenstofffasern, Keramikfasern, Glasfasern, Polymerfasern (z. B. Aramid) und deren Gemischen, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der jeweiligen Faserlage.Preferably, a fiber layer is more than 70% by weight, more preferably more than 99% by weight, of fibers selected from the group consisting of carbon fibers, precursor fibers of carbon fibers, ceramic fibers, glass fibers, polymer fibers (e.g. Aramid) and mixtures thereof, based on the total weight of the respective fiber layer.
Es ist bevorzugt, dass mindestens eine Faserlage ein flächenbezogenes Gewicht in einem Bereich von 50 g/m2 bis 800 g/m2 aufweist, besonders bevorzugt ist ein Bereich von 100 g/m2 bis 300 g/m2, wobei sich aus diesem besonders bevorzugten Bereich beispielsweise biaxiale Gelege mit 200 g/m2 bis 600 g/m2 herstellen lassen.It is preferred that at least one fiber layer has a weight per unit area in a range of 50 g / m 2 to 800 g / m 2 , particularly preferred is a range of 100 g / m 2 to 300 g / m 2 , with this Particularly preferred range, for example, biaxial scrim with 200 g / m 2 to 600 g / m 2 produce.
Vorzugsweise weist mindestens ein Faserbündel eine Anzahl an Filamenten in einem Bereich von 0,5 K (500 Filamente) bis zu 500 K (500000 Filamente) auf, bevorzugt in einem Bereich von 1 K (1000 Filamente) bis zu 400 K (400000 Filamente), besonders bevorzugt in einem Bereich von 12 K (12000 Filamente) bis zu 60 K (60000 Filamente).Preferably, at least one fiber bundle has a number of filaments in a range of 0.5 K (500 filaments) up to 500 K (500000 filaments), preferably in a range of 1 K (1000 filaments) up to 400 K (400000 filaments) , more preferably in a range of 12 K (12000 filaments) to 60 K (60,000 filaments).
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ferner ein Fasergelege, bestehend aus mindestens einer oder mehrerer Einrichtungslagen mit unterschiedlicher Orientierung, erhältlich durch Bereitstellung einer Anordnung von mindestens einer Faserlage mit einer Längsrichtung, die teilweise oder vollständig übereinander angeordnete Einrichtungslagen aufweist, ohne dass ein zusätzlicher Fixierstoff und/oder zusätzliche mechanische oder physikalische Fixiermethoden benötigt werden und wobei mindestens eine Faserlage zu mehr als 70 Gew.-%, bevorzugt zu mehr als 85 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt zu mehr als 98 Gew.-% aus Fasern besteht, die ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Kohlenstofffasern, Vorstufenfasern von Kohlenstofffasern, Keramikfasern, Glasfasern, Polymerfasern (z. B. Aramid) und deren Gemischen, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der jeweiligen Faserlage. Besonders bevorzugt wird die Einrichtungslage ohne zusätzliche Queradhäsion appliziert.The invention further provides a fiber fabric consisting of at least one or more device layers having a different orientation, obtainable by providing an arrangement of at least one fiber layer having a longitudinal direction which has partially or completely superimposed device layers, without an additional fixative and / or additional mechanical or physical fixing methods are required and wherein at least one fiber layer to more than 70 wt .-%, preferably more than 85 wt .-%, more preferably more than 98 wt .-% consists of fibers which are selected from the group consisting of carbon fibers, precursor fibers of carbon fibers, ceramic fibers, glass fibers, polymer fibers (eg aramid) and theirs Mixtures, based on the total weight of the respective fiber layer. Particularly preferably, the device layer is applied without additional transverse adhesion.
Bevorzugt sind Fasergelege wobei die unterschiedliche Orientierung der Einrichtungslagen Winkel gleich -90° bis +90° mit der Längsrichtung der multiaxialen Lage umfasst. Bei dem Fasergelege können auch Wirrfaserlagen enthalten sein.Preference is given to fiber scrims wherein the different orientation of the device layers comprises angles equal to -90 ° to + 90 ° with the longitudinal direction of the multiaxial layer. The fiber layer may also contain random fiber layers.
Als Beispiel sind in Fig.2 zweilagige Fasergelege mit einer Einrichtungslage von +45° und -45° und mit einer Einrichtungslage von +0° und 90° gezeigt.By way of example, FIG. 2 shows two-ply fiber scrims with a device layer of + 45 ° and -45 ° and with a device layer of + 0 ° and 90 °.
Bei Faserbandablagen in +/- 45°-Lage (2 Lagen) wird vorzugsweise eine Gelegebreite von 10" - 152" (" = Zoll), besonders bevorzugt 50" und einem Flächengewicht von beispielsweise 300 g/m2 eingesetzt.In sliver deposits in +/- 45 ° -layer (2 layers) is preferably a Gelegebreite of 10 "- 152"("= inch), more preferably 50" and a basis weight of, for example, 300 g / m 2 used.
Bevorzugt können auch Wirrfaserlagen, Vliese, Vliesstoffe, Wirrfaser-Vliesstoffe und weitere textile Strukturen wie beispielsweise Netze oder Folien oben, unten oder mitten in den Fasergelegen enthalten sein.Preference may also Wirrfaserlagen, nonwovens, nonwovens, random fiber nonwoven fabrics and other textile structures such as nets or films may be included above, below or in the middle of the fiber layers.
Die Fasergelege werden vorzugsweise für Windkraftanlagen, für Automobile, Schiffe, für die Luft- und Raumfahrt, für Schienenfahrzeuge und den sonstigen Transportsektor, Sportgeräte sowie den Konstruktions- und Bausektor verwendet.The fiber webs are preferably used for wind power plants, for automobiles, ships, for the aerospace industry, for rail vehicles and the other transport sector, sports equipment as well as the construction and construction sector.
Bevorzugt ist ein Element oder eine Vorrichtung, umfassend ein Fasergelege ausgewählt aus einer Gruppe, bestehend aus Windkraftanlagen, Automobilen, Schiffen, Luft- und Raumfahrt, Schienenfahrzeuge und den sonstigen Transportsektor, Sportgeräte sowie den Konstruktions- und Bausektor.Preferred is an element or device comprising a fiber fabric selected from a group consisting of wind turbines, automobiles, ships, aerospace, rail vehicles and the other transport sector, sports equipment and the construction and construction sector.
Die fertigen Einrichtungslagen werden bevorzugt gekühlt gelagert, bevor sie dem dann folgenden Verlegeprozess zugeführt werden. The finished device layers are preferably stored refrigerated before they are then fed to the subsequent installation process.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Faserlage mit einer Längsrichtung, wobei das Verfahren darauf beruht, dass parallel geführte Faserbündel gleicher oder unterschiedlicher Faserfeinheit überspreizt, überlappend zusammengeführt und hierdurch mechanisch verfestigt werden, wobei mindestens ein Faserband als Einrichtungslage mit einer definierten Breite ohne zusätzlichen Fixierstoff und/oder zusätzliche mechanische oder physikalische Fixierungsmethoden erhalten wird.1. A method for producing a fiber layer having a longitudinal direction, wherein the method is based on the fact that parallel guided fiber bundles of equal or different fiber fineness spreads, merged overlapping and thereby mechanically solidified, wherein at least one sliver as a device layer with a defined width without additional fixer and / or additional mechanical or physical fixation methods are obtained.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , wobei das Überspreizen in einer oder mehrerer Ebenen über runde und eckige Umlenkrollen, die feststehend gelagert sind, ausgeführt wird.2. The method of claim 1, wherein the spreading in one or more levels on round and square pulleys, which are fixedly mounted, is executed.
3. Verfahren nach einem oder mehrerer der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei mindestens eine Faserlage zu mehr als 70 Gew.-%, bevorzugt zu mehr als 85 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt zu mehr als 99 Gew.-% aus Fasern besteht, die ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Kohlenstofffasern, Vorstufenfasern von Kohlenstofffasern, Keramikfasern, Glasfasern und deren Gemischen, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der jeweiligen Faserlage.3. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein at least one fiber layer to more than 70 wt .-%, preferably more than 85 wt .-%, more preferably more than 99 wt .-% consists of fibers selected are from the group consisting of carbon fibers, precursor fibers of carbon fibers, ceramic fibers, glass fibers and mixtures thereof, based on the total weight of the respective fiber layer.
4. Verfahren nach einem oder mehrerer der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei mindestens eine Faserlage ein flächenbezogenes Gewicht in einem Bereich von 50 g/m2 bis 800 g/m2, vorzugsweise in einem Bereich von 100 g/m2 bis 300 g/m2 , aufweist.4. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein at least one fiber layer has a basis weight in a range of 50 g / m 2 to 800 g / m 2 , preferably in a range of 100 g / m 2 to 300 g / m 2 , having.
5. Verfahren nach einem oder mehrerer der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei mindestens ein Faserbündel eine Anzahl an Filamenten in einem Bereich von 0,5 K (500 Filamente) bis zu 500 K (500 000 Filamente), bevorzugt in einem Bereich von 1 K (1000 Filamente) bis zu 400 K (400 000 Filamente), besonders bevorzugt in einem Bereich von 12 K (12 000 Filamente) bis zu 60 K (60 000 Filamente) aufweist. 5. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein at least one fiber bundle, a number of filaments in a range of 0.5 K (500 filaments) up to 500 K (500 000 filaments), preferably in a range of 1 K (1000 Filaments) up to 400 K (400,000 filaments), more preferably in the range of 12 K (12,000 filaments) up to 60 K (60,000 filaments).
6. Fasergelege, bestehend aus mindestens einer oder mehrerer Einrichtungslagen mit unterschiedlicher Orientierung, erhältlich durch Bereitstellung einer Anordnung von mindestens einer Faserlage mit einer Längsrichtung, die teilweise oder vollständig übereinander angeordnete Einrichtungslagen aufweist, ohne dass ein zusätzlicher Fixierstoff und/oder zusätzliche mechanische oder physikalische Fixiermethoden benötigt werden und wobei mindestens eine Faserlage zu mehr als 70 Gew.-%, bevorzugt zu mehr als 85 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt zu mehr als 99 Gew.-% aus Fasern besteht, die ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Kohlenstofffasern, Vorstufenfasern von Kohlenstofffasern, Keramikfasern, Glasfasern, Polymerfasern (z. B. Aramid) und deren Gemischen, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der jeweiligen Faserlage.6. fiber fabric, comprising at least one or more device layers with different orientation, obtainable by providing an arrangement of at least one fiber layer having a longitudinal direction, the partially or completely superimposed device layers, without any additional fixative and / or additional mechanical or physical fixing methods and wherein at least one fiber layer consists of more than 70 wt .-%, preferably more than 85 wt .-%, more preferably more than 99 wt .-% of fibers selected from the group consisting of carbon fibers , Precursor fibers of carbon fibers, ceramic fibers, glass fibers, polymer fibers (eg aramid) and mixtures thereof, based on the total weight of the respective fiber layer.
7. Fasergelege nach Anspruch 6, wobei die unterschiedliche Orientierung der Einrichtungslagen Winkel gleich -90° bis +90 mit der Längsrichtung der multiaxialen Lage umfasst.7. A fiber fabric according to claim 6, wherein the different orientation of the device layers comprises angles equal to -90 ° to +90 with the longitudinal direction of the multi-axial layer.
8. Fasergelege nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 7, dass auch Wirrfaserlagen, Vliese, Vliesstoffe oder Wirrfaser- Vliesstoffe oben, unten oder mitten in den Fasergelegen enthalten sein können.8. fiber fabric according to one of claims 6 to 7, that also random fiber layers, nonwovens, nonwovens or random fiber nonwovens may be included above, below or in the middle of the fiber webs.
9. Verwendung eines Fasergeleges nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8 für Windkraftanlagen, für Automobile, Schiffe, für die Luft- und Raumfahrt, für Schienenfahrzeuge und den sonstigen Transportsektor, Sportgeräte sowie den Konstruk- tions- und Bausektor.9. Use of a fiber fabric according to any one of claims 6 to 8 for wind turbines, for automobiles, ships, for aerospace, for rail vehicles and the other transport sector, sports equipment and the construc- tion and construction sector.
10. Element oder Vorrichtung, umfassend ein Fasergelege nach einem oder mehrerer der Ansprüche 6 bis 7, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Windkraftanlagen, Automobilen, Schiffen, Luft- und Raumfahrt, Schienenfahrzeugen und den sonstigen Transportsektor, Sportgeräte sowie den Konstruktions- und Bausektor. 10. An element or device comprising a fiber fabric according to one or more of claims 6 to 7, selected from the group consisting of wind turbines, automobiles, ships, aerospace, rail vehicles and other transport sector, sports equipment and the construction and construction sector ,
EP09804017A 2008-12-11 2009-12-11 Method for producing laid fibre fabrics, and laid fibre fabrics and their use Withdrawn EP2376275A2 (en)

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PCT/EP2009/066979 WO2010066894A2 (en) 2008-12-11 2009-12-11 Method for producing laid fibre fabrics, and laid fibre fabrics and their use

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