EP2359911B1 - Safety device, in particular rope safety device - Google Patents
Safety device, in particular rope safety device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2359911B1 EP2359911B1 EP11153075.4A EP11153075A EP2359911B1 EP 2359911 B1 EP2359911 B1 EP 2359911B1 EP 11153075 A EP11153075 A EP 11153075A EP 2359911 B1 EP2359911 B1 EP 2359911B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rope
- brake
- climbing
- protection device
- recited
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
- A63B69/0048—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for mountaineering, e.g. climbing-walls, grip elements for climbing-walls
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B1/00—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
- A62B1/06—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices
- A62B1/08—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices with brake mechanisms for the winches or pulleys
- A62B1/10—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices with brake mechanisms for the winches or pulleys mechanically operated
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
- A63B69/0064—Attachments on the trainee preventing falling
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
- A63B71/0054—Features for injury prevention on an apparatus, e.g. shock absorbers
- A63B2071/0072—Limiting the applied force, torque, movement or speed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
- A63B71/0054—Features for injury prevention on an apparatus, e.g. shock absorbers
- A63B2071/0081—Stopping the operation of the apparatus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
- A63B2220/80—Special sensors, transducers or devices therefor
- A63B2220/805—Optical or opto-electronic sensors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2225/00—Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment
- A63B2225/50—Wireless data transmission, e.g. by radio transmitters or telemetry
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a safety rope with the features of the preamble of the independent claim.
- the invention thus relates to a safety device for handling, tracking and / or securing a climbing rope along a climbing route with a climbing rope, one end of which is connected to a person climbing and to be secured and the at least one point or above the position in which locking person is located, and which is connected at the other end to the securing device comprising a stationary and equipped with a motor and cooperating with a braking device drive climbing cable.
- a climbing person is usually secured by a second person on the ground holding and handling a safety rope.
- the climber and person to be secured is secured by the securing person with the safety rope, which is deflected above the highest point of the climbing route in the so-called toprope.
- the locking person can optionally use a fixed to their body mechanical belay device, which is connected to their own climbing harness and the safety rope, whereby the climbing rope on which the climbing person is secured, can be slowed down when draining. Further, it can be ensured by the belay device that in the lead-in, in which the climber successively guides the safety rope through several safety elements during climbing, the safety rope is blocked. By the cable guide and suitable deflections in the belay device targeted rope friction is generated, which prevents the rope from slipping.
- belay devices all work mechanically and require manual handling by a second person, the belayer.
- handling of such security devices requires some experience and great care in order to minimize the risk of improper securing and thus of an accident.
- a device for securing a climbing rope along a climbing route comprises a stationary and motorized climbing cable, an on-off switch and a receiver for wireless radio transmission.
- the climbing person wears a transmitter or a voice radio device to remotely control the holding device can.
- the device also referred to as a climbing cable, is equipped with a pulley and a backstop.
- the pulley is driven by an electric motor, either via a belt drive or via a shaft with gear.
- This known security device does not comprise redundant systems for securing a climbing person.
- the EP 0 876 987 A1 discloses an elevator with a planetary gear.
- the planetary gear is connected to a shaft.
- a flywheel is attached with a brake weight.
- a brake band is provided, which can be adjusted with a lever. If the elevator is to be lowered, the brake band is moved away from the flywheel by means of the lever. At high centrifugal force, the brake weight acts on the brake band to reduce a lowering speed of the elevator.
- WO 95/16496 A1 a safety device for sports climbing known.
- a climber is secured by a rope which is attached to a coil and can be wound by a motor.
- the engine turns a shaft and a gearbox.
- a friction clutch connects the motor to the coil.
- the anti-climbing device comprises a motor, by means of which motor a cable drum can be rotated.
- Next sensors are provided, which can be registered when the climber falls. If the climber falls, the motor is controlled and the climber on the rope to the ground. Another sensor is provided, which can be manually activated by the climber to increase safety.
- the US Pat. No. 4,653,609 A discloses a descender.
- the device comprises a rope which is wound around a drum.
- a control mechanism is provided. This can consist of a vacuum pump, which by an axis connected to the drum.
- a centrifugal brake for braking the drum or the rope may also be provided a centrifugal brake.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a partially or fully automatic security system, which has a particularly high operational and reliability and is designed optimized in terms of its handling and ergonomics.
- a securing device with the features of independent claim 1 is proposed.
- the securing device according to the invention is used for handling, for tracking and / or securing a climbing rope along a climbing route and can thus be used, for example, when climbing in front and / or post.
- a securing device according to the invention is used for handling, for tracking and / or securing a climbing rope along a climbing route and can thus be used, for example, when climbing in front and / or post.
- this can be used when working on structures, towers and sloping surfaces, such as in roofing work.
- the security device can be used for example in the maintenance and repair of telephone poles, the maintenance of trees and in the maintenance and / or repair of power lines and corresponding masts. Since in practice - in other areas not mentioned here - personal safety devices via climbing ropes are used, the use of the safety device according to the invention is not limited to the previously enumerated areas.
- the safety device comprises and guides a climbing rope, one end of which is connected to a person to be climbed and secured.
- the climbing rope can be for example a dynamic or a static rope.
- the diameter of the climbing rope used can vary. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention climbing ropes with a typical diameter of, for example, about 8.9 mm to 10.5 mm can be used.
- the connection between climbing rope and the person to be secured for example, via a harness, which is attached to the person to be secured - in particular this belted - done.
- the climbing rope via knots and / or additional fasteners, such as snap and / or locking devices such as carabiners o. The like., Are arranged on the harness.
- the skilled person knows all known from the prior art connection options between rope and the person to be secured due to his expertise, so that will not be discussed in more detail.
- the climbing rope at at least one point and / or above the position in which the person to be secured is deflected.
- the deflecting can be done via one or more carabiners that can be fixed to the climbing route.
- additional, possibly complementary means, such as rope brakes can be provided for the deflection, which can be arranged at one or more points of the climbing route.
- the climbing rope is connected at its other end to the securing device.
- the connection between safety device and climbing rope may for example be such that the end of the climbing rope, which is not connected to a person to be secured, is arranged on a climbing cable.
- the climbing cable may comprise a cylindrical element, which can perform a rotational movement, generated by a drive motor, so that the climbing rope is wound or unwound during the rotational movement on the cylindrical element.
- the cylindrical element can thus be designed, for example, as a deflection cable drum.
- a plurality of cylindrical elements may be present over which the climbing rope can be guided. If several cylindrical elements are present, they may be subject to different variations with regard to their diameter and / or their length.
- a meaningful embodiment of the cable guide can provide, for example, two parallel shafts with respective rotatably attached pulleys, over which the climbing rope is looped and deflected several times, so that a reliable and safe against slipping protective cable guide and a cable drive by motor drive at least one of the waves, possibly both waves, is guaranteed.
- the drive motor which may be provided for generating the rotational movement, may optionally be connected via deflection with one or more of the cylindrical elements, for example.
- a belt drive one of the two waves with the rotatably mounted pulleys, optionally by a belt drive both shafts.
- the motor may be designed such that it applies a constant force for retrieving the climbing rope in the climb. If a rappelling of the climber is allowed and supported, it is possible to minimize the torque of the motor or set to zero. This can be done for example via a remote control. If the torque chosen is sufficiently large to catch the climbing rope, but not sufficiently large enough to support the self-weight of the climber when rappelling, in this embodiment of the invention, in practice, the torque of the engine need not necessarily be set equal to zero.
- the drive motor can easily provide for relatively loose rope for an automatic retrieval, while the climbing person can easily work against the torque of the motor and roll the rope in a movement in which more rope length is needed, if necessary even by means of a reversal of the direction of rotation of the drive motor providing a resistance.
- the climbing cable according to the invention acts in the context of the present invention via the motor drive with a braking device together.
- the operative connection can be, for example, such that the output of the climbing rope can be braked or blocked by the braking device and the recovery of the rope is effected via the torque of the motor.
- the braking device at least two coupled, but independently activatable, the guided climbing rope if necessary decelerating and / or comprises blocking actuating systems for activating the braking device.
- an actuation system can be activated in such a way that, when a predefined output speed of the climbing rope is exceeded, it causes the output speed to be decelerated to a predefined setpoint value.
- the desired value may preferably be chosen such that a comfortable and safe rappelling of the climber is made possible or, if necessary, a complete blocking of the output of the climbing rope takes place.
- a second actuation system which, for example, can be activated manually in one embodiment of the present invention.
- the second actuation system may be activatable such that it is adjustable according to the user's request and in a suitable manner either causes complete blockage of the release of the climbing rope or has no effect on the release of the climbing rope.
- a further control of the second actuating system is provided, in which a braking of the guided climbing rope is effected.
- the control can be done via a remote control.
- three modes may be available to the user or climber in this embodiment of the present invention.
- the first mode in which the second operating system has no effect on the output of the climbing rope, can be selected, for example, in advance.
- the climber can thus lead the climbing rope without much resistance successively through the various security elements on the climbing route. If the climber falls, blocking or deceleration of the climbing rope's output can be effected by the first actuation system and / or the second actuation system.
- the second mode in which the second actuating system causes a decelerating effect on the output of the climbing rope, can be selected for example in the so-called toprope and / or in the lead after guiding the climbing rope through the last securing element. As a result, a safe and comfortable abseiling of the climber can be achieved.
- the decelerating effect can be adapted to the mass of the person climbing.
- the third mode in which the second actuation system causes a blocking effect on the release of the climbing rope, can in practice be chosen by the climber, for example, if several breaks are to be made during climbing along a climbing route. By blocking the output of the climbing rope, the climber can load the climbing rope with its own weight and change after the break, for example, to the aforementioned second or third mode.
- the coupling of the first and the second actuating system can be provided, for example, that a deceleration of the output of the climbing rope can be done simultaneously by the first actuating system and the second actuating system. Also, for example, blocking the output of the climbing rope can be done by both the first actuating system and the second actuating system.
- the first or the second actuation system can be integrated into the safety device as so-called redundant systems. Also, the second system may assist in, for example, braking the output of the climbing rope to the first actuation system.
- the climbing cable comprises at least one deflection cable drum on which the climbing rope is arranged.
- the braking device comprises at least one mechanical friction brake, wherein the at least one mechanical friction brake is arranged to rotate on at least one Umlenkseiltrommel and is in operative connection with at least one of the brakes when required and / or blocking actuating systems.
- the actuation systems can be designed in such a way that, for example, they have regions that come into contact with the mechanical friction brake by a change in position. The static friction generated thereby achieves a deceleration of the rotational speed of the friction brake and thus reduces the output speed of the climbing rope located on the deflection cable drum.
- the friction brake by a disc brake, by an inner shoe brake o.
- the friction brake may also be formed by a band brake having a rotating drum, on whose cylindrical outer circumferential surface a the drum at least partially or over most of its circumference wraps around brake band, wherein the brake band can be fed by means of at least one actuating system on surface contact with the rotating drum.
- a band brake has several advantages. Thus, in a compact space by the relatively large effective friction surface by means of relatively low operating force a strong delay can be achieved. Furthermore, such band brakes have the advantage of a so-called.
- the brake band can, for example, consist of a spring steel strip, which may optionally have a suitable friction lining.
- friction lining comes, for example, a belt section, a lining made of carbon fiber o. The like.
- woven flat belts made of aramid fibers as carrier material with plastic coatings as friction lining are ideal as brake bands.
- relatively small diameter of the brake drum and the belt partially effetschlschlenden be realized because such belts are very flexible and can be bent better than, for example, spring steel bands.
- aramid belts are less expensive to manufacture and use, especially since they can be used very wear-resistant or almost wear-free.
- the necessary for the wrap band feed element for applying the actuating forces may have a variety of configurations.
- a variety of actuators are conceivable to actuate the brake band, for example.
- Electromagnetic, electromotive or fluidly activated motors or actuators are conceivable to actuate the brake band, for example.
- Electromagnetic, electromotive or fluidly activated motors or actuators are conceivable to actuate the brake band, for example.
- Electromagnetic, electromotive or fluidly activated motors or actuators A particularly advantageous and precisely controlled variant can be achieved by designing the feed element, in which a rotating movement - for example, a stepping motor o. The like. - Is converted into a linear movement.
- the delivery element may for example comprise a suitable spindle drive or a ball screw o. The like.
- the first actuation system may include an electric servomotor.
- the first actuating system is mechanically formed or in a suitable mechanical manner is activatable.
- the second actuation system may include a speed-dependent activation for the brake band, whereby the desired redundancy and protection against crashes and associated rapid unwinding of the rolled-up rope can be achieved.
- the second actuating system may include an incremental encoder which cooperates with a corresponding signal generator, which in turn triggers the second actuating system and thus the brake in a suitable manner.
- the second actuation system includes a centrifugal clutch that can cooperate with the first actuation system in a suitable manner to strengthen the rope brake or to block it when needed.
- the speed of rotation of the cable drums is used directly for triggering the centrifugal clutch and if the centrifugal clutch acts directly on the cable brake, then a very simple, reliable and safe system is created which, if the cable is unacceptably rapidly unwound, slows down the cable considerably. may even cause a desired blocking of the rope. Since the centrifugal clutch can be deactivated again after dropping below the triggering speed, the cable drum can be released again after the strong braking of the cable, so that the user can again control the rope speed in the desired manner as previously through targeted control interventions and braking operations.
- slip clutch With a mechanically acting slip clutch or with a magnetic coupling or with an electromagnetically acting slip clutch o. The like., Which permanently limits the transmittable torque to a fixed or adjustable value ,
- the purpose of the slip clutch is to limit the maximum transmissible torque from the centrifugal clutch to the ball screw to reliably prevent damage to the gear or ball screw.
- a purely mechanically acting and wear-prone slip or friction clutch or a maintenance-free permanent or electromagnetic clutch can be used.
- the rope can be guided over at least two deflection drums, which are connected to the electric drive motor.
- the deflection drums can be arranged one above the other.
- the deflection drums can have V-shaped depressions in which the climbing rope is guided.
- the climbing rope is friction-optimally connected to the respective deflection drum so that slippage, slipping or sliding of the climbing rope over the deflection drum is avoided.
- the person skilled in the art has further options for optimizing the friction between the rope and the deflection drum, for example by means of a corresponding configuration of the surface of the deflection drums or by means of a suitable coating.
- the surface may in this case have groove profiles.
- the grooves may, for example, be arranged obliquely, diagonally or otherwise in terms of their orientation.
- the grooves as in the DE 698 30 742 T2 be arranged.
- the climbing rope can be guided in the context of the invention over a deflection angle of at least 180 ° and at most about 270 to 300 degrees to at least one tail pulley, which is connected to the electric drive motor.
- the climbing rope is guided around at least one tail pulley at an angle which is between 180 ° and 200 °.
- the climbing rope can be sensibly monitored by at least one of the deflection drums having an optical detection device for detecting a cable tension and / or for detecting a slack rope length assigned.
- an optical detection device can advantageously be formed, for example, by light barrier sensors, for example with LED arrays or the like, which are able to detect the cable tension.
- a corresponding optical detection device or light barrier In order to keep the rope as tight as possible at all times and to prevent too much slack rope, for example, can be arranged on each side of the pulley, a corresponding optical detection device or light barrier. When a slack rope is detected, the rope usually falls through one of the two light barriers and is detected there as an interruption of the light signal.
- a control signal for the cable retracting motor can be formed so that this feeds rope again.
- the rope length to be pulled in each case upon activation of the light barriers can optionally be set to a fixed value, made dependent on the further signal characteristic of the light barriers or defined as a time delay in the shutdown of the cable pull-in motor.
- the invention provides a motor-driven, eg electrically activatable, and additionally centrifugal-controlled band brake and thus combines two braking systems which are operatively connected to one another, thereby providing redundancy in the event of failure of one of the systems.
- the proposed concept can be realized easily and compactly in the construction.
- An advantage of the optionally usable band brake is the servo effect that can be achieved during braking. If the direction of rotation of the brake drum and the direction of actuation of the brake band are the same, then the braking force is amplified by the fact that the brake drum entrains the brake band and thus increases the surface pressure from the brake band to the brake drum.
- the shaft on which the brake drum rotates is firmly connected to an intermediate gear and the band brake.
- the rotational movement of a spindle causes a flange connection to move, thus opening and closing the brake.
- the actuation of the conversion gear for converting the rotational movement into a linear adjusting movement for the delivery of the brake band takes place either via the electric motor or via a centrifugal clutch.
- the electric motor takes over the control of the brake. This is connected via a toothed belt with the spindle.
- emergency mode so if the electronics fails or the power fails, closes at a defined speed, the centrifugal clutch, the band brake.
- the centrifugal clutch transmits a speed-dependent torque to the ball screw and closes the band brake.
- the crown gear is necessary to raise the speed to usable levels, since the centrifugal clutch from a speed of, for example, about 2100 min -1 can transmit the necessary torque for the delivery of the band brake.
- the band brake slows down the rotational movement of the shaft with the brake drum or disc running thereon, whereby the centrifugal clutch again ensures a low contact force and the brake drum is braked less. This sets a constant lowering speed.
- the stated values represent only exemplary information on how the present invention can be configured. Depending on the embodiment of the present invention, a large number of values are available to the person skilled in the art, from which he can select the appropriate value on the basis of his specialist knowledge.
- a specific embodiment of the securing device according to the invention may provide an anchored to a wall or floor support frame with two guided therein and arranged in parallel shafts each having disposed thereon pulleys and coupled to the shafts drive motor. Furthermore, it can be provided with at least one of the shafts rotatably connected band brake, which is activated by means of a linear drive.
- This linear drive can, for example, cooperate with two actuators, which cooperate via a conversion gear for converting a rotational movement in a linear movement on the one hand with a servomotor for controlled actuation of the brake and on the other hand with a Fliehkraftversteller for speed-dependent actuation of the brake, wherein the Fliehkraftversteller via a gear ratio with a the two shafts, which carries the pulleys, is coupled.
- the two actuators can be coupled via belt drives with the servomotor or the Fliehkraftversteller.
- the climbing rope 12 is looped around one or more pulleys 14 and thereby redirected several times (cf. Fig. 4 ), so that with appropriate guidance can set a sufficient self-locking, the rope on the respective parallel pulleys 14 to which the climbing rope 12 is a total of four times, against the weight of a person to be secured (not shown here) hold and fix can.
- exactly one pulley 14 may be provided, the surface of which may have grooves 13 in order to prevent the climbing rope 12 from slipping, slipping or sliding off the pulley 14 (cf. Fig. 5 ).
- the cable can be continued here via additional deflection 15.
- the total of four pulleys 14 off FIG. 4 are each mounted in pairs on two parallel and closely spaced shafts 16, which in turn are each rotatably mounted in a U-shaped support frame 18.
- the two shafts 16 are each coupled via pulleys 20 by means of drive belt 22 with an electric drive motor 24, which can put the two shafts 16 in the same direction revolutions at the same rotational speed when the climbing rope 12 in one or the other direction up or unrolled shall be.
- the drive motor 24 provided with a cylindrical housing 26 is mounted in a mating receptacle below the two parallel shafts 16 and the pulleys 14 mounted thereon in the support frame 18, so that the motor shaft is arranged parallel to the axes of rotation of the two bearing shafts 16 for the pulleys 14 ,
- the drive motor 24 may also be arranged in the region of the brake device 30 (cf. Fig. 8 ).
- the drive motor 24 is connected via the additional belt drive 53 and the pinion 60 with the crown gear 58 in connection, on which the shaft 16 (see. Fig. 4 ) is arranged.
- the speed of the drive motor 24 is designed so low that the centrifugal force due to the speed of the drive motor 24 does not actuate the linear drive 48.
- the pulleys 14 are between the two parallel, plate-like legs 28 of the U-shaped support frame 18, while the frontally acting on the shafts 16 pulleys 20 with the drive belt 22 thereon on the in Fig. 4 left outside of one of the two plates 28 are arranged.
- a braking device 30 is arranged, which has a narrow, Cylindrical brake disk 32 and arranged on the cylindrical outer circumferential surface and the brake disk 32 by an angle of about 270 to 300 degrees wraparound brake band 34 has.
- the brake disc 32 is non-rotatably connected to the lower of the two shafts 16 with the rotatably mounted lower two pulleys 14, while the brake band 34, its anchor and the actuators 36, 38 are fixed to the brake band 34 to support frame 40 with the support frame 18 are connected.
- the most important according to the present invention core components of the braking device 30 are again with reference to the schematic representations of FIGS. 9 to 11 explained in more detail.
- This first actuator 36 can pull the brake band 34 upwards by a servomotor 42 via a belt drive 44 and a pulley 46 a rotational movement on a linear drive 48 exerts, which then acts on the train connection clamp 50 directly on the brake band 34 and this can pull up ,
- the aforementioned servo action or self-amplification which leads to a relatively strong friction and thus deceleration force with simultaneously relatively low actuating forces of the linear drive 48, is due to the movement in the same direction of the brake disc 32 (see the direction of rotation B in FIG Fig. 9 , counterclockwise) and the pulling direction A of the brake band 34 given.
- the linear drive 48 which transmits the rotational movement of the servomotor 42 via a relatively small change in angle of the pulley 46 in a linear pulling movement of its actuating piston 52, for example.
- Ball screw by a spindle drive with worm gear, by a rack drive or by another suitable transmission design be realized.
- a centrifugal phaser 54 With the same pulley 46, which couples the linear drive 48 via the belt drive 44 with the servo motor 42, via a further belt drive 52, a centrifugal phaser 54 cooperates.
- the Fliehkraftversteller 54 which may be formed as a centrifugal clutch, has a rotational connection to the crown wheel 56 of the shaft 16 coupled to the brake disc 32, formed in the illustrated embodiment by a spur gear or by a crown gear 58.
- a pinion 60 provides the connection from the crown gear 58 to Fliehkraftversteller 54 ago, so that this depending on the setting in response to a definable limit speed for actuation of the linear drive 48 can provide to trigger the braking device 30 either at all or to actuate or to enhance the braking effect when the brake band 34 already in the direction A pulled to the cylindrical outer surface of the brake disc 32 and the brake device 30 is thus already activated.
- the crown gear 58 provides a suitable translation, since such a centrifugal clutch is triggered only at significantly higher speeds than they are achieved by the shaft 16 and the brake disc 32.
- the shaft 16 rotates with the associated brake disc 32, for example.
- the crown gear 58 provides for a translation to more than 2000 revolutions per minute, since only at such speeds of the centrifugal phaser 54 provides a release torque, the via the belt drive 52 for rotation of the pulley 46 and thus for a further advancement of the linear drive 48 provides.
- the centrifugal force adjuster 54 thus forms the second actuating device 38 in the sense of the invention, which together with the first actuating device 36, which comprises an electric servomotor 42, provides the desired redundant protection of the braking device 30 and of the cable drive.
- the schematic representation of Fig. 3 further clarifies a monitoring option for the climbing rope 12, in which one of the idler pulleys or pulleys 14 or both each associated with an optical detection device 64 for detecting a rope tension and / or for detecting a slack rope length.
- the optical detection device 64 can be formed, for example, by light barrier sensors with LED arrays or the like, which are able to detect the cable tension.
- a corresponding optical detection device 64 and light barrier can be arranged on each side of the pulley 14, a corresponding optical detection device 64 and light barrier. If a slack rope is found, the rope 12 falls through one of the two light barriers and is detected there as an interruption of the light signal.
- a control signal for the cable pull-in motor 42 are formed so that this feeds rope 12 again.
- the cable length to be pulled in each case when the light barriers 64 are triggered can optionally be set to a fixed value, depending on the further signal characteristic of the light barriers be made or defined as a time delay in the shutdown of the cable feed motor 42.
- the invention provides an electrically and centrifugally controlled band brake and thus combines two operatively connected brake systems, which is provided for redundancy in case of failure of one of the systems.
- the proposed concept is lightweight and compact in construction.
- An advantage of the band brake used is the achievable servo effect during braking. If the direction of rotation of the brake drum and the direction of actuation of the brake band are the same, then the braking force is increased by the fact that the brake drum entrains the brake band and thus increases the surface pressure from brake band to brake drum. By this effect, the switching force is very low and a smaller motor can be used.
- the shaft on which the brake drum rotates is firmly connected to an intermediate gear and the band brake.
- the rotational movement of a spindle causes a flange connection to move, thus opening and closing the brake.
- the actuation of the conversion gear for converting the rotational movement into a linear adjusting movement for the delivery of the brake band takes place either via the electric motor or via a centrifugal clutch.
- the electric motor takes over the control of the brake. This is connected via a toothed belt with the spindle.
- the centrifugal clutch In emergency mode, so if the electronics fails or the power fails, closes at a defined speed, the centrifugal clutch, the band brake. Reaches the shaft with the mounted on it, the cable drum and brake band, a speed of about 350 min -1, so the centrifugal clutch transmits a speed-dependent torque on the ball screw and closes the band brake.
- the crown gear is necessary to increase the speed to useful levels, since the centrifugal clutch from a speed of about 2100 min -1 can transmit the necessary torque for the delivery of the band brake.
- the band brake slows down the rotational movement of the shaft with the brake drum or disc running thereon, whereby the centrifugal clutch again ensures a low contact force and the brake drum is braked less. This sets a constant lowering speed.
- FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary use of the device 10 according to the invention, by means of suitable Connecting points (on the support frame 18; Fig. 4 ) can be anchored to a wall or floor and the user 8 by means of a remote control (not shown) or a suitable automatic tracking the safety rope 12.
- a remote control not shown
- a suitable automatic tracking the safety rope 12 Once the user 8 crashes, the rope first runs a short distance from the device 10, passing over the hook 62 into which the user 8 has last hooked it.
- the brake band 34 is pulled over the servomotor 42 or via the centrifugal phaser 54 in the direction of the cylindrical outer circumferential surface of the brake disc 32, the brake device 30 ensures a blockade or at least a sufficient delay of the cable guide. so that the user 8 either hangs on the safety rope 12 and is prevented from falling or is gradually lowered from the automatic circuit breaker 10 to the ground.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
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Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Seilsicherung mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs. Die Erfindung betrifft demnach eine Sicherungsvorrichtung zum Handhaben, Nachführen und/oder Sichern eines Kletterseils längs einer Kletterroute mit einem Kletterseil, dessen eines Ende mit einer kletternden und zu sichernden Person verbunden und das mindestens an einer Stelle oder oberhalb der Position, in der sich die zu sichernde Person befindet, umgelenkt ist, und das am anderen Ende mit der Sicherungsvorrichtung verbunden ist, die einen stationären und mit einem motorischen und mit einer Bremseinrichtung zusammenwirkenden Antrieb ausgestatteten Kletterseilzug umfasst.The present invention relates to a safety rope with the features of the preamble of the independent claim. The invention thus relates to a safety device for handling, tracking and / or securing a climbing rope along a climbing route with a climbing rope, one end of which is connected to a person climbing and to be secured and the at least one point or above the position in which locking person is located, and which is connected at the other end to the securing device comprising a stationary and equipped with a motor and cooperating with a braking device drive climbing cable.
Beim Klettersport in Kletterhallen wird eine kletternde Person üblicherweise durch eine am Boden befindliche zweite Person, die ein Sicherungsseil hält und handhabt, gesichert. Die kletternde und zu sichernde Person ist dabei mit dem Sicherungsseil, das beim sogenannten Toprope über dem höchsten Punkt der Kletterroute umgelenkt ist, von der sichernden Person gesichert. Hierbei kann die sichernde Person wahlweise ein an ihrem Körper befestigtes mechanisches Sicherungsgerät, das mit ihrem eigenen Klettergurt und dem Sicherungsseil verbunden ist, einsetzen, wodurch das Kletterseil, an dem die kletternde Person gesichert ist, beim Ablassen gebremst werden kann. Weiter kann durch das Sicherungsgerät gewährleitstet werden, dass im Vorstieg, bei dem der Kletterer während des Kletterns nacheinander das Sicherungsseil durch mehrere Sicherungselemente führt, ein Blockieren des Sicherungsseils bewirkt wird. Durch die Seilführung und geeignete Umlenkungen in dem Sicherungsgerät wird eine gezielte Seilreibung erzeugt, was verhindert, dass das Seil durchrutscht.During climbing in climbing gyms, a climbing person is usually secured by a second person on the ground holding and handling a safety rope. The climber and person to be secured is secured by the securing person with the safety rope, which is deflected above the highest point of the climbing route in the so-called toprope. Here, the locking person can optionally use a fixed to their body mechanical belay device, which is connected to their own climbing harness and the safety rope, whereby the climbing rope on which the climbing person is secured, can be slowed down when draining. Further, it can be ensured by the belay device that in the lead-in, in which the climber successively guides the safety rope through several safety elements during climbing, the safety rope is blocked. By the cable guide and suitable deflections in the belay device targeted rope friction is generated, which prevents the rope from slipping.
Derzeit bekannte und in der Praxis eingesetzte Sicherungsgeräte funktionieren allesamt mechanisch und erfordern eine manuelle Handhabung durch eine zweite Person, den Sichernden. Allerdings erfordert die Handhabung solcher Sicherungsvorrichtungen eine gewisse Erfahrung und ausgeprägte Sorgfalt, um die Gefahr unsachgemäßen Sicherns und damit eines Unfalls gering zu halten.Presently known and in practice used belay devices all work mechanically and require manual handling by a second person, the belayer. However, the handling of such security devices requires some experience and great care in order to minimize the risk of improper securing and thus of an accident.
Aus der
Die
Zudem ist aus der
Eine automatische Klettersicherung beschreibt die
Die
Ein Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, ein teil- oder vollautomatisches Sicherungssystem zur Verfügung zu stellen, welches eine besonders hohe Betriebs- und Ausfallsicherheit aufweist und hinsichtlich seiner Handhabbarkeit und Ergonomie optimiert ausgestaltet ist.An object of the present invention is to provide a partially or fully automatic security system, which has a particularly high operational and reliability and is designed optimized in terms of its handling and ergonomics.
Dieses Ziel der Erfindung wird mit dem Gegenstand des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs erreicht. Merkmale vorteilhafter Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen. Zur Erreichung des Ziels der Erfindung wird eine Sicherungsvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 vorgeschlagen. Die erfindungsgemäße Sicherungsvorrichtung dient zur Handhabung, zum Nachführen und/oder Sichern eines Kletterseil längs einer Kletterroute und kann somit beispielsweise beim Klettern im Vor- und/oder Nachstieg verwendet werden. Abgesehen davon sind weitere sinnvolle Verwendungsmöglichkeiten für die erfindungsgemäße Sicherungsvorrichtung denkbar. Beispielsweise kann diese bei Arbeiten an Bauwerken, Türmen und schrägen Flächen, wie beispielsweise bei Dachdeckerarbeiten, eingesetzt werden. Ferner kann die Sicherungsvorrichtung beispielsweise bei der Wartung und Reparatur von Telefonmasten, dem Pflegen von Bäumen und bei der Wartung und/oder Reparatur von Hochspannungsleitungen und entsprechenden Masten eingesetzt werden. Da in der Praxis auch in weiteren - hier nicht genannten - Bereichen Personensicherungen via Kletterseile eingesetzt werden, ist die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsvorrichtung nicht auf die bisher aufgezählten Bereiche beschränkt.This object of the invention is achieved with the subject matter of the independent patent claim. Features of advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims. To achieve the object of the invention, a securing device with the features of independent claim 1 is proposed. The securing device according to the invention is used for handling, for tracking and / or securing a climbing rope along a climbing route and can thus be used, for example, when climbing in front and / or post. Apart from that, further meaningful uses for the securing device according to the invention are conceivable. For example, this can be used when working on structures, towers and sloping surfaces, such as in roofing work. Further, the security device can be used for example in the maintenance and repair of telephone poles, the maintenance of trees and in the maintenance and / or repair of power lines and corresponding masts. Since in practice - in other areas not mentioned here - personal safety devices via climbing ropes are used, the use of the safety device according to the invention is not limited to the previously enumerated areas.
Die Sicherungsvorrichtung umfasst und führt ein Kletterseil, dessen eines Ende mit einer kletternden und zu sichernden Person verbunden ist. Das Kletterseil kann beispielsweise ein dynamisches oder ein statisches Seil sein. Der Durchmesser des verwendeten Kletterseils kann variieren. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung können Kletterseile mit einem typischen Durchmesser von bspw. ca. 8,9 mm bis 10,5 mm verwendet werden. Die Verbindung zwischen Kletterseil und der zu sichernden Person kann beispielsweise über einen Klettergurt, der an der zu sichernden Person befestigt ist - insbesondere dieser umgeschnallt - erfolgen. Beispielsweise kann das Kletterseil über Knoten und/oder zusätzliche Verbindungselemente, wie beispielsweise Schnapp- und/oder Rasteinrichtungen wie Karabiner o. dgl., am Klettergurt angeordnet werden. Dem Fachmann sind aufgrund seines Fachwissens sämtliche aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Verbindungsmöglichkeiten zwischen Seil und der zu sichernden Person bekannt, so dass auf diese nicht näher eingegangen wird.The safety device comprises and guides a climbing rope, one end of which is connected to a person to be climbed and secured. The climbing rope can be for example a dynamic or a static rope. The diameter of the climbing rope used can vary. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention climbing ropes with a typical diameter of, for example, about 8.9 mm to 10.5 mm can be used. The connection between climbing rope and the person to be secured, for example, via a harness, which is attached to the person to be secured - in particular this belted - done. For example, the climbing rope via knots and / or additional fasteners, such as snap and / or locking devices such as carabiners o. The like., Are arranged on the harness. The skilled person knows all known from the prior art connection options between rope and the person to be secured due to his expertise, so that will not be discussed in more detail.
Ferner ist das Kletterseil an mindestens einer Stelle und/oder oberhalb der Position, in der sich die zu sichernde Person befindet, umgelenkt. Beispielsweise kann das Umlenken über ein oder mehrere Karabiner erfolgen, die an der Kletterroute fixiert sein können. Auch können zur Umlenkung weitere, ggf. ergänzende Mittel, wie beispielsweise Seilbremsen vorgesehen sein, die an einer oder mehreren Stellen der Kletterroute angeordnet sein können.Furthermore, the climbing rope at at least one point and / or above the position in which the person to be secured is deflected. For example, the deflecting can be done via one or more carabiners that can be fixed to the climbing route. Also, additional, possibly complementary means, such as rope brakes can be provided for the deflection, which can be arranged at one or more points of the climbing route.
Weiterhin ist das Kletterseil an seinem anderen Ende mit der Sicherungsvorrichtung verbunden. Die Verbindung zwischen Sicherungsvorrichtung und Kletterseil kann beispielsweise dergestalt sein, dass das Ende des Kletterseils, welches nicht mit einer zu sichernden Person verbunden ist, an einem Kletterseilzug angeordnet ist. Beispielsweise kann der Kletterseilzug ein zylinderförmiges Element umfassen, welches eine Rotationsbewegung, erzeugt über einen Antriebsmotor, ausführen kann, so dass das Kletterseil während der Rotationsbewegung am zylinderförmigen Element auf- oder abgewickelt wird. Das zylinderförmige Element kann somit beispielsweise als Umlenkseiltrommel ausgebildet sein. Ebenso können mehrere zylinderförmige Elemente vorhanden sein, über die das Kletterseil geführt sein kann. Sind mehrere zylinderförmige Elemente vorhanden, so können diese hinsichtlich ihres Durchmessers und/oder ihrer Länge unterschiedlichen Variationen unterliegen. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung sind genau zwei zylinderförmige Elemente vorhanden, die hinsichtlich der Frequenz ihrer beiden Rotationsbewegungen identisch ausgebildet sind. Eine sinnvolle Ausführungsvariante der Seilführung kann bspw. zwei parallele Wellen mit daran jeweils drehfest befestigten Seilrollen vorsehen, über die das Kletterseil mehrfach geschlungen und umgelenkt ist, so dass eine zuverlässige und sicher gegen Durchrutschen schützende Seilführung sowie ein Seilantrieb durch motorischen Antrieb wenigstens einer der Wellen, ggf. beider Wellen, gewährleistet ist.Furthermore, the climbing rope is connected at its other end to the securing device. The connection between safety device and climbing rope may for example be such that the end of the climbing rope, which is not connected to a person to be secured, is arranged on a climbing cable. For example, the climbing cable may comprise a cylindrical element, which can perform a rotational movement, generated by a drive motor, so that the climbing rope is wound or unwound during the rotational movement on the cylindrical element. The cylindrical element can thus be designed, for example, as a deflection cable drum. Likewise, a plurality of cylindrical elements may be present over which the climbing rope can be guided. If several cylindrical elements are present, they may be subject to different variations with regard to their diameter and / or their length. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention are exactly two cylindrical elements present, which are identical in the frequency of their two rotational movements. A meaningful embodiment of the cable guide can provide, for example, two parallel shafts with respective rotatably attached pulleys, over which the climbing rope is looped and deflected several times, so that a reliable and safe against slipping protective cable guide and a cable drive by motor drive at least one of the waves, possibly both waves, is guaranteed.
Der Antriebsmotor, welcher zur Erzeugung der Rotationsbewegung vorgesehen sein kann, kann ggf. über Umlenkmittel mit einem oder mehreren der zylinderförmigen Elemente verbunden sein, bspw. durch einen Riemenantrieb einer der beiden Wellen mit den daran drehfest angeordneten Seilrollen, wahlweise durch einen Riemenantrieb beider Wellen. Auch kann der Motor derart ausgebildet sein, dass er im Nachstieg eine konstante Kraft zum Einholen des Kletterseils aufbringt. Soll ein Abseilen der kletternden Person ermöglicht und unterstützt werden, so besteht die Möglichkeit, das Drehmoment des Motors zu minimieren bzw. gleich Null zu setzen. Dies kann beispielsweise über eine Fernbedienung erfolgen. Ist das Drehmoment ausreichend groß gewählt, um das Kletterseil einzuholen, aber nicht ausreichend groß genug, um beim Abseilen das Eigengewicht der kletternden Person zu tragen, so muss bei dieser Ausgestaltung der Erfindung in der Praxis das Drehmoment des Motors nicht zwingend gleich Null gesetzt werden. Auf die beschriebene Weise kann der Antriebsmotor auf einfache Weise bei relativ losem Seil für ein automatisches Einholen sorgen, während die kletternde Person bei einer Bewegung, bei der mehr Seillänge benötigt wird, problemlos gegen das Drehmoment des Motors arbeiten und das Seil abrollen kann, ggf. sogar mittels einer Drehrichtungsumkehr des einen Widerstand liefernden Antriebsmotors.The drive motor, which may be provided for generating the rotational movement, may optionally be connected via deflection with one or more of the cylindrical elements, for example. By a belt drive one of the two waves with the rotatably mounted pulleys, optionally by a belt drive both shafts. Also, the motor may be designed such that it applies a constant force for retrieving the climbing rope in the climb. If a rappelling of the climber is allowed and supported, it is possible to minimize the torque of the motor or set to zero. This can be done for example via a remote control. If the torque chosen is sufficiently large to catch the climbing rope, but not sufficiently large enough to support the self-weight of the climber when rappelling, in this embodiment of the invention, in practice, the torque of the engine need not necessarily be set equal to zero. In the manner described, the drive motor can easily provide for relatively loose rope for an automatic retrieval, while the climbing person can easily work against the torque of the motor and roll the rope in a movement in which more rope length is needed, if necessary even by means of a reversal of the direction of rotation of the drive motor providing a resistance.
Der erfindungsgemäße Kletterseilzug wirkt im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung über den motorischen Antrieb mit einer Bremseinrichtung zusammen. Der Wirkzusammenhang kann beispielsweise derart sein, dass die Ausgabe des Kletterseils durch die Bremseinrichtung gebremst oder blockiert werden kann und das Einholen des Seiles über das Drehmoment des Motors bewirkt wird. Weiterhin ist zur Erreichung des oben genannten Ziels der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass die Bremseinrichtung wenigstens zwei miteinander gekoppelte, jedoch unabhängig voneinander aktivierbare, das geführte Kletterseil bei Bedarf abbremsende und/oder blockierende Betätigungssysteme zur Aktivierung der Bremseinrichtung umfasst. So kann beispielsweise ein Betätigungssystem derart aktivierbar sein, dass es bei Überschreiten einer vordefinierten Ausgabegeschwindigkeit des Kletterseils ein Abbremsen der Ausgabegeschwindigkeit auf einen vordefinierten Sollwert bewirkt. Der Sollwert kann vorzugsweise derart gewählt sein, dass ein bequemes und sicheres Abseilen der kletternden Person ermöglicht wird oder bei Bedarf ein vollständiges Blockieren der Ausgabe des Kletterseils erfolgt.The climbing cable according to the invention acts in the context of the present invention via the motor drive with a braking device together. The operative connection can be, for example, such that the output of the climbing rope can be braked or blocked by the braking device and the recovery of the rope is effected via the torque of the motor. Furthermore, in order to achieve the above-mentioned aim of the invention, it is provided that the braking device at least two coupled, but independently activatable, the guided climbing rope if necessary decelerating and / or comprises blocking actuating systems for activating the braking device. Thus, for example, an actuation system can be activated in such a way that, when a predefined output speed of the climbing rope is exceeded, it causes the output speed to be decelerated to a predefined setpoint value. The desired value may preferably be chosen such that a comfortable and safe rappelling of the climber is made possible or, if necessary, a complete blocking of the output of the climbing rope takes place.
Weiterhin ist ein zweites Betätigungssystem vorhanden, das in einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung beispielsweise manuell aktiviert werden kann. Hinsichtlich seiner Ausgestaltung kann das zweite Betätigungssystem derart aktivierbar sein, dass es je nach Wunsch des Benutzers regelbar ist und auf geeignete Weise entweder ein vollständiges Blockieren der Ausgabe des Kletterseils bewirkt oder keinen Effekt auf die Ausgabe des Kletterseils hat. Vorzugsweise ist im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung eine weitere Regelung des zweiten Betätigungssystems vorgesehen, bei der ein Abbremsen des geführten Kletterseils bewirkt wird. Beispielweise kann die Regelung über eine Fernsteuerung erfolgen. Dem Benutzer bzw. der kletternden Person können bei dieser Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung somit beispielsweise drei Modi zur Verfügung stehen.Furthermore, a second actuation system is provided which, for example, can be activated manually in one embodiment of the present invention. With regard to its configuration, the second actuation system may be activatable such that it is adjustable according to the user's request and in a suitable manner either causes complete blockage of the release of the climbing rope or has no effect on the release of the climbing rope. Preferably, in the context of the present invention, a further control of the second actuating system is provided, in which a braking of the guided climbing rope is effected. For example, the control can be done via a remote control. Thus, for example, three modes may be available to the user or climber in this embodiment of the present invention.
Der erste Modus, bei dem das zweite Betätigungssystem keinen Effekt auf die Ausgabe des Kletterseils hat, kann beispielsweise im Vorstieg gewählt werden. Die kletternde Person kann somit das Kletterseil ohne großen Widerstand nacheinander durch die verschiedenen Sicherungselemente an der Kletterroute führen. Fällt die kletternde Person, so kann durch das erste Betätigungssystem und/oder das zweite Betätigungssystem ein Blockieren oder ein Abbremsen der Ausgabe des Kletterseils bewirkt werden.The first mode, in which the second operating system has no effect on the output of the climbing rope, can be selected, for example, in advance. The climber can thus lead the climbing rope without much resistance successively through the various security elements on the climbing route. If the climber falls, blocking or deceleration of the climbing rope's output can be effected by the first actuation system and / or the second actuation system.
Der zweite Modus, bei dem das zweite Betätigungssystem einen abbremsenden Effekt auf die Ausgabe des Kletterseils bewirkt, kann beispielsweise beim sogenannten Toprope und/oder im Vorstieg nach dem Führen des Kletterseils durch das letzte Sicherungselement gewählt werden. Hierdurch kann ein sicheres und bequemes Abseilen der kletternden Person erreicht werden. Der abbremsende Effekt kann an die Masse der kletternden Person angepasst sein.The second mode, in which the second actuating system causes a decelerating effect on the output of the climbing rope, can be selected for example in the so-called toprope and / or in the lead after guiding the climbing rope through the last securing element. As a result, a safe and comfortable abseiling of the climber can be achieved. The decelerating effect can be adapted to the mass of the person climbing.
Der dritte Modus, bei dem das zweite Betätigungssystem einen blockierenden Effekt auf die Ausgabe des Kletterseils bewirkt, kann in der Praxis beispielsweise dann von der kletternden Person gewählt werden, wenn während des Kletterns entlang einer Kletterroute mehrere Pausen eingelegt werden sollen. Durch das Blockieren der Ausgabe des Kletterseils kann die kletternde Person das Kletterseil mit ihrem Eigengewicht belasten und nach der Pause beispielsweise auf den bereits erwähnten zweiten oder dritten Modus wechseln.The third mode, in which the second actuation system causes a blocking effect on the release of the climbing rope, can in practice be chosen by the climber, for example, if several breaks are to be made during climbing along a climbing route. By blocking the output of the climbing rope, the climber can load the climbing rope with its own weight and change after the break, for example, to the aforementioned second or third mode.
Hinsichtlich der Koppelung des ersten und des zweiten Betätigungssystems kann beispielsweise vorgesehen sein, dass ein Abbremsen der Ausgabe des Kletterseils gleichzeitig durch das erste Betätigungssystem und das zweite Betätigungssystem erfolgen kann. Auch kann beispielsweise ein Blockieren der Ausgabe des Kletterseils sowohl durch das erste Betätigungssystem als auch durch das zweite Betätigungssystem erfolgen. Das erste oder das zweite Betätigungssystem können als sog. redundante Systeme in die Sicherungsvorrichtung integriert sein. Auch kann das zweite System unterstützend, beispielsweise beim Abbremsen der Ausgabe des Kletterseils zum ersten Betätigungssystem, agieren.With regard to the coupling of the first and the second actuating system can be provided, for example, that a deceleration of the output of the climbing rope can be done simultaneously by the first actuating system and the second actuating system. Also, for example, blocking the output of the climbing rope can be done by both the first actuating system and the second actuating system. The first or the second actuation system can be integrated into the safety device as so-called redundant systems. Also, the second system may assist in, for example, braking the output of the climbing rope to the first actuation system.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung umfasst der Kletterseilzug mindestens eine Umlenkseiltrommel, an der das Kletterseil angeordnet ist. Weiter umfasst die Bremseinrichtung mindestens eine mechanische Reibungsbremse, wobei die mindestens eine mechanische Reibungsbremse an mindestens einer Umlenkseiltrommel rotierend angeordnet ist und mit mindestens einem der bei Bedarf abbremsenden und/oder blockierenden Betätigungssysteme in Wirkzusammenhang steht. Die Betätigungssysteme können bei dieser Ausführungsvariante derart ausgestaltet sein, dass sie beispielsweise Bereiche aufweisen, die durch eine Positionsveränderung in Oberflächenkontakt mit der mechanischen Reibungsbremse gelangen bzw. stehen. Durch die hierdurch erzeugte Haftreibung wird ein Abbremsen der Rotationsgeschwindigkeit der Reibungsbremse erreicht und somit die Ausgabegeschwindigkeit des sich an der Umlenkseiltrommel befindlichen Kletterseils reduziert.In one embodiment of the present invention, the climbing cable comprises at least one deflection cable drum on which the climbing rope is arranged. Further, the braking device comprises at least one mechanical friction brake, wherein the at least one mechanical friction brake is arranged to rotate on at least one Umlenkseiltrommel and is in operative connection with at least one of the brakes when required and / or blocking actuating systems. In this embodiment variant, the actuation systems can be designed in such a way that, for example, they have regions that come into contact with the mechanical friction brake by a change in position. The static friction generated thereby achieves a deceleration of the rotational speed of the friction brake and thus reduces the output speed of the climbing rope located on the deflection cable drum.
Wahlweise kann die Reibungsbremse durch eine Scheibenbremse, durch eine Innenbackenbremse o. dgl. gebildet sein. Wahlweise kann die Reibungsbremse auch durch eine Bandbremse gebildet sein, die eine rotierende Trommel aufweist, an deren zylindrischer Außenmantelfläche ein die Trommel zumindest abschnittsweise bzw. über den größten Teil ihres Umfangs umschlingendes Bremsband anliegt, wobei das Bremsband mittels mindestens eines Betätigungssystems auf Oberflächenkontakt mit der rotierenden Trommel zustellbar ist. Eine solche Bandbremse weist mehrere Vorteile auf. So kann bei kompaktem Bauraum durch die relativ große wirksame Reibfläche mittels relativ geringer Betätigungskraft eine starke Verzögerung erreicht werden. Weiterhin weisen derartige Bandbremsen bei einer Auslegung mit gleichsinniger Dreh- und Anzugrichtung den Vorteil eines sog. Servoeffekts auf, bei dem durch Anlegen des Bremsbandes eine Selbstverstärkung erzielt wird, die bei sehr geringen Aktivierungskräften eine relativ hohe wirksame Verzögerungskraft liefert. Das Bremsband kann bspw. aus einem Federstahlband bestehen, das ggf. einen geeigneten Reibbelag aufweisen kann. Als solcher Reibbelag kommt bspw. ein Riemenabschnitt, ein Belag aus Kohlefaser o. dgl. in Betracht. Auch gewebte Flachriemen aus Aramidfasern als Trägermaterial mit Kunststoffbeschichtungen als Reibbelag eignen sich hervorragend als Bremsbänder. Bei solcherart ausgestalteten Bremsbändern können relativ kleine Durchmesser der Bremstrommel und des teilumschlingenden Riemens realisiert werden, da solche Riemen sehr flexibel sind und sich besser biegen lassen als bspw. Federstahlbänder. Zudem sind Aramidriemen kostengünstiger herstell- und einsetzbar, zumal sie sich sehr verschleißarm bzw. nahezu verschleißfrei einsetzen lassen.Alternatively, the friction brake by a disc brake, by an inner shoe brake o. The like. Be formed. Optionally, the friction brake may also be formed by a band brake having a rotating drum, on whose cylindrical outer circumferential surface a the drum at least partially or over most of its circumference wraps around brake band, wherein the brake band can be fed by means of at least one actuating system on surface contact with the rotating drum. Such a band brake has several advantages. Thus, in a compact space by the relatively large effective friction surface by means of relatively low operating force a strong delay can be achieved. Furthermore, such band brakes have the advantage of a so-called. Servo effect in a design with the same direction of rotation and tightening direction, in which by applying the brake band self-amplification is achieved, which provides a relatively high effective deceleration force at very low activation forces. The brake band can, for example, consist of a spring steel strip, which may optionally have a suitable friction lining. As such friction lining comes, for example, a belt section, a lining made of carbon fiber o. The like. Into consideration. Also woven flat belts made of aramid fibers as carrier material with plastic coatings as friction lining are ideal as brake bands. In such configured brake bands relatively small diameter of the brake drum and the belt partially durchschlschlenden be realized because such belts are very flexible and can be bent better than, for example, spring steel bands. In addition, aramid belts are less expensive to manufacture and use, especially since they can be used very wear-resistant or almost wear-free.
Das für das umschlingende Band notwendige Zustellelement zum Aufbringen der Betätigungskräfte kann die unterschiedlichsten Ausgestaltungen aufweisen. Die verschiedensten Aktoren sind denkbar, um das Bremsband zu betätigen, bspw. elektromagnetische, elektromotorische oder fluidisch aktivierbare Motoren oder Aktoren. Eine besonders vorteilhafte und präzise zu steuernde Variante kann durch Ausbildung des Zustellelements erreicht werden, bei dem eine rotierende Bewegung - bspw. eines Schrittmotors o. dgl. - in eine lineare Bewegung umgesetzt wird. Das Zustellelement kann beispielsweise einen geeigneten Spindelantrieb oder einen Kugelgewindetrieb o. dgl. umfassen.The necessary for the wrap band feed element for applying the actuating forces may have a variety of configurations. A variety of actuators are conceivable to actuate the brake band, for example. Electromagnetic, electromotive or fluidly activated motors or actuators. A particularly advantageous and precisely controlled variant can be achieved by designing the feed element, in which a rotating movement - for example, a stepping motor o. The like. - Is converted into a linear movement. The delivery element may for example comprise a suitable spindle drive or a ball screw o. The like.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung kann das erste Betätigungssystem einen elektrischen Stellmotor umfassen. Davon abgesehen sind auch andere Ausführungen vorstellbar, bei denen beispielsweise das erste Betätigungssystem mechanisch ausgebildet ist oder auf geeignete mechanische Weise aktivierbar ist. Weiterhin kann das zweite Betätigungssystem eine drehzahlabhängige Aktivierung für das Bremsband umfassen, wodurch sich die gewünschte Redundanz und Absicherung gegen Abstürzen und damit verbundener schneller Abrollung des aufgerollten Seils erzielen lässt. Durch geeignete Definition einer Grenzgeschwindigkeit der abrollenden Seiltrommeln, die einem ungewollten Absturz der zu sichernden Person entspricht, kann durch gezielte Aktivierung des zweiten Betätigungssystems auf die Bremse derart eingewirkt werden, dass diese blockiert oder zumindest so stark betätigt werden kann, dass das schnelle Abrollen des Seils deutlich verlangsamt oder zum Stillstand gebracht wird. Beispielsweise kann das zweite Betätigungssystem einen Inkrementalgeber beinhalten, der mit einem entsprechenden Signalgeber zusammenwirkt, der wiederum auf geeignete Weise das zweite Betätigungssystem und damit die Bremse auslöst. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung weist das zweite Betätigungssystem eine Fliehkraftkupplung auf, die mit dem ersten Betätigungssystem auf geeignete Weise zusammenwirken kann, um die Seilbremse zu verstärken oder bei Bedarf zu blockieren. Wird für die Auslösung der Fliehkraftkupplung direkt die Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeit der Seiltrommeln herangezogen und wirkt die Fliehkraftkupplung direkt mit der Seilbremse zusammen, so ist damit ein sehr einfaches, zuverlässig arbeitendes und sicheres System geschaffen, das bei unzulässig schnellem Abrollen des Seils für dessen starkes Abbremsen, ggf. sogar zu einer gewünschten Blockierung des Seils sorgen kann. Da die Fliehkraftkupplung nach Unterschreiten der Auslösedrehzahl wahlweise wieder deaktivierbar ist, kann nach dem starken Abbremsen des Seils die Seiltrommel wieder freigegeben werden, so dass der Benutzer wieder wie zuvor durch gezielte Steuerungseingriffe und Bremsvorgänge die Seilgeschwindigkeit in der gewünschten Weise steuern kann.In one embodiment of the present invention, the first actuation system may include an electric servomotor. Apart from that, other embodiments are conceivable in which, for example, the first actuating system is mechanically formed or in a suitable mechanical manner is activatable. Furthermore, the second actuation system may include a speed-dependent activation for the brake band, whereby the desired redundancy and protection against crashes and associated rapid unwinding of the rolled-up rope can be achieved. By suitable definition of a limit speed of the rolling cable drums, which corresponds to an accidental crash of the person to be secured, can be acted upon by targeted activation of the second actuation system on the brake so that it can be blocked or at least so strong that the rapid unwinding of the rope slowed down significantly or brought to a standstill. For example, the second actuating system may include an incremental encoder which cooperates with a corresponding signal generator, which in turn triggers the second actuating system and thus the brake in a suitable manner. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second actuation system includes a centrifugal clutch that can cooperate with the first actuation system in a suitable manner to strengthen the rope brake or to block it when needed. If the speed of rotation of the cable drums is used directly for triggering the centrifugal clutch and if the centrifugal clutch acts directly on the cable brake, then a very simple, reliable and safe system is created which, if the cable is unacceptably rapidly unwound, slows down the cable considerably. may even cause a desired blocking of the rope. Since the centrifugal clutch can be deactivated again after dropping below the triggering speed, the cable drum can be released again after the strong braking of the cable, so that the user can again control the rope speed in the desired manner as previously through targeted control interventions and braking operations.
Es hat sich in der Praxis allerdings herausgestellt, dass die Betätigung der Bremseinrichtung mittels der Fliehkraftkupplung aufgrund der sehr hohen Beschleunigungen beim Absturz einer zu sichernden Person zu schlagartigen Belastungen führt, die auf die Stirnradübersetzung zwischen der Seiltrommel und der Welle mit der damit gekoppelten Fliehkraftkupplung zurückwirkt. So kann die Fliehkraftkupplung innerhalb einer sehr kurzen Zeit von ca. 20 Millisekunden auf Umdrehungen von bis zu 15.000 je Minute beschleunigt werden, woraus eine schlagartige Aktivierung der Fliehkraftkupplung erfolgen kann. Um diese schlagartige Belastung zu reduzieren, ist es bei einer Ausführungsvariante der erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsvorrichtung sinnvoll, die Fliehkraftkupplung mit einer das Drehmoment begrenzenden weiteren Kupplung zu kombinieren, bspw. mit einer mechanisch wirkenden Rutschkupplung oder mit einer Magnetkupplung bzw. mit einer elektromagnetisch wirkenden Rutschkupplung o. dgl., die permanent das übertragbare Drehmoment auf einen festen oder einstellbaren Wert begrenzt. Der Zweck der Rutschkupplung besteht darin, das maximal übertragbare Moment von der Fliehkraftkupplung auf den Kugelgewindetrieb zu begrenzen, um eine Beschädigung des Getriebes oder des Kugelgewindegetriebes zuverlässig zu verhindern. Für die Rutschkupplung kann entweder eine rein mechanisch wirkende und verschleißbehaftete Rutsch- oder Reibungskupplung oder eine wartungsfreie Permanent- oder Elektromagnetkupplung eingesetzt werden.It has been found in practice, however, that the operation of the braking device by means of the centrifugal clutch due to the very high accelerations in the crash of a person to be secured leads to sudden loads, which acts on the Stirnradübersetzung between the cable drum and the shaft with the coupled centrifugal clutch. Thus, the centrifugal clutch can be accelerated within a very short time of about 20 milliseconds to revolutions of up to 15,000 per minute, resulting in a sudden activation of the centrifugal clutch can be done. To reduce this sudden load, it is in one embodiment of the invention Securing device makes sense to combine the centrifugal clutch with a torque limiting further coupling, for example. With a mechanically acting slip clutch or with a magnetic coupling or with an electromagnetically acting slip clutch o. The like., Which permanently limits the transmittable torque to a fixed or adjustable value , The purpose of the slip clutch is to limit the maximum transmissible torque from the centrifugal clutch to the ball screw to reliably prevent damage to the gear or ball screw. For the slip clutch either a purely mechanically acting and wear-prone slip or friction clutch or a maintenance-free permanent or electromagnetic clutch can be used.
Auch kann das Seil über mindestens zwei Umlenktrommeln geführt sein, die mit dem elektrischen Antriebsmotor verbunden sind. Beispielsweise können die Umlenktrommeln übereinander angeordnet sein. Weiter können die Umlenktrommeln V-förmige Einsenkungen aufweisen, in denen das Kletterseil geführt ist. Hierdurch ist das Kletterseil haftreibungsoptimiert mit der jeweiligen Umlenktrommel verbunden, so dass ein Durchrutschen, Verrutschen oder Abgleiten des Kletterseils über die Umlenktrommel vermieden wird. Zudem stehen dem Fachmann weitere Möglichkeiten zur Haftreibungsoptimierung zwischen Seil und Umlenktrommel zur Verfügung, beispielsweise durch eine entsprechende Ausgestaltung der Oberfläche der Umlenktrommeln oder durch eine geeignete Beschichtung. Die Oberfläche kann hierbei Rillenprofile aufweisen. Die Rillen können hinsichtlich ihrer Ausrichtung beispielsweise schräg, diagonal oder auf andere Weise angeordnet sein. Beispielsweise können die Rillen wie in der
Das Kletterseil kann im Rahmen der Erfindung über einen Umlenkungswinkel von wenigstens 180° und höchstens ca. 270 bis 300 Grad um mindestens eine Umlenktrommel geführt sein, die mit dem elektrischen Antriebsmotor verbunden ist. Vorzugsweise wird das Kletterseil um mindestens eine Umlenktrommel in einem Winkel geführt, der sich zwischen 180° und 200° befindet.The climbing rope can be guided in the context of the invention over a deflection angle of at least 180 ° and at most about 270 to 300 degrees to at least one tail pulley, which is connected to the electric drive motor. Preferably, the climbing rope is guided around at least one tail pulley at an angle which is between 180 ° and 200 °.
Weiterhin kann das Kletterseil sinnvoll dadurch überwacht werden, dass wenigstens einer der Umlenktrommeln eine optische Erfassungseinrichtung zur Erfassung einer Seilspannung und/oder zur Erkennung einer Schlappseillänge zugeordnet ist. Eine solche optische Erfassungseinrichtung kann in vorteilhafter Weise bspw. durch Lichtschrankensensoren, z.B. mit LED-Arrays o. dgl. gebildet sein, die in der Lage sind, die Seilspannung zu erkennen. Um das Seil jederzeit möglichst straff halten zu können und um zu viel Schlappseil zu verhindern, kann bspw. an jeder Seite der Seilrolle eine entsprechende optische Erfassungseinrichtung bzw. Lichtschranke angeordnet sein. Bei einem festgestellten Schlappseil fällt das Seil i.d.R. durch eine der beiden Lichtschranken und wird dort als Unterbrechung des Lichtsignals erfasst. Aus diesem Signal der optischen Erfassungseinrichtung kann ein Steuersignal für den Seileinzugsmotor gebildet werden, damit dieser wieder Seil einzieht. Die jeweils bei Auslösung der Lichtschranken einzuziehende Seillänge kann wahlweise auf einen festen Wert eingestellt, vom weiteren Signalverlauf der Lichtschranken abhängig gemacht werden oder als Zeitverzögerung bei der Abschaltung des Seileinzugsmotors definiert werden.Furthermore, the climbing rope can be sensibly monitored by at least one of the deflection drums having an optical detection device for detecting a cable tension and / or for detecting a slack rope length assigned. Such an optical detection device can advantageously be formed, for example, by light barrier sensors, for example with LED arrays or the like, which are able to detect the cable tension. In order to keep the rope as tight as possible at all times and to prevent too much slack rope, for example, can be arranged on each side of the pulley, a corresponding optical detection device or light barrier. When a slack rope is detected, the rope usually falls through one of the two light barriers and is detected there as an interruption of the light signal. From this signal of the optical detection device, a control signal for the cable retracting motor can be formed so that this feeds rope again. The rope length to be pulled in each case upon activation of the light barriers can optionally be set to a fixed value, made dependent on the further signal characteristic of the light barriers or defined as a time delay in the shutdown of the cable pull-in motor.
Wie zuvor anhand verschiedener Ausführungsvarianten verdeutlicht ist, liefert die Erfindung eine motorisch, bspw. elektrisch aktivierbare ,und zusätzlich fliehkraftgeregelte Bandbremse und vereint damit zwei miteinander wirkverbundene Bremssysteme, wodurch für eine Redundanz bei Ausfall eines der Systeme gesorgt ist. Zugleich kann das vorgeschlagene Konzept leicht und kompakt in der Bauausführung realisiert werden. Ein Vorteil der optional einsetzbaren Bandbremse ist der damit erzielbare Servoeffekt beim Bremsen. Ist die Drehrichtung der Bremstrommel und die Betätigungsrichtung des Bremsbandes gleich gerichtet, so verstärkt sich die Bremskraft dadurch, dass die Bremstrommel das Bremsband mitnimmt und damit die Flächenpressung vom Bremsband zu Bremstrommel erhöht. Durch diesen Effekt ist die Schaltkraft sehr gering und ein kleinerer Motor kann verwendet werden. Die Welle, auf der die Bremstrommel umläuft, ist fest mit einem Zwischengetriebe und der Bandbremse verbunden. Durch die Drehbewegung einer Spindel bewegt sich eine Flanschverbindung und sorgt so für ein Öffnen und Schließen der Bremse. Die Betätigung des Umsetzungsgetriebes zur Umsetzung der Drehbewegung in eine lineare Stellbewegung für die Zustellung des Bremsbandes erfolgt entweder über den Elektromotor oder über eine Fliehkraftkupplung. Im Normalbetrieb übernimmt der Elektromotor die Regelung der Bremse. Dieser ist über einen Zahnriemen mit der Spindel verbunden. Im Notfallbetrieb, also falls die Elektronik versagt oder die Energieversorgung ausfällt, schließt bei einer definierten Drehzahl die Fliehkraftkupplung die Bandbremse. Erreicht die Welle mit der darauf gelagerten Seiltrommel und Bandbremse eine Drehzahl von beispielsweise ungefähr 350 min-1, so überträgt die Fliehkraftkupplung ein drehzahlabhängiges Drehmoment auf den Kugelgewindetrieb und schließt die Bandbremse. Das Kronenradgetriebe ist notwendig, um die Drehzahl auf brauchbare Werte hochzusetzen, da die Fliehkraftkupplung ab einer Drehzahl von beispielsweise ungefähr 2100 min-1 das notwendige Drehmoment zur Zustellung der Bandbremse übertragen kann. Die Bandbremse verlangsamt die Drehbewegung der Welle mit der darauf laufenden Bremstrommel bzw. -scheibe, wodurch die Fliehkraftkupplung wieder für eine geringe Anpresskraft sorgt und die Bremstrommel weniger stark gebremst wird. Dadurch stellt sich eine konstante Senkgeschwindigkeit ein. Für den Fachmann stellen die genannten Werte lediglich beispielhafte Angaben dar, wie die vorliegende Erfindung ausgestaltet sein kann. Je nach Ausführungsvariante der vorliegenden Erfindung stehen dem Fachmann eine Vielzahl von Werten zur Verfügung, aus denen er aufgrund seines Fachwissens den geeigneten Wert wählen kann.As has been clarified above with reference to various design variants, the invention provides a motor-driven, eg electrically activatable, and additionally centrifugal-controlled band brake and thus combines two braking systems which are operatively connected to one another, thereby providing redundancy in the event of failure of one of the systems. At the same time, the proposed concept can be realized easily and compactly in the construction. An advantage of the optionally usable band brake is the servo effect that can be achieved during braking. If the direction of rotation of the brake drum and the direction of actuation of the brake band are the same, then the braking force is amplified by the fact that the brake drum entrains the brake band and thus increases the surface pressure from the brake band to the brake drum. By this effect, the switching force is very low and a smaller motor can be used. The shaft on which the brake drum rotates is firmly connected to an intermediate gear and the band brake. The rotational movement of a spindle causes a flange connection to move, thus opening and closing the brake. The actuation of the conversion gear for converting the rotational movement into a linear adjusting movement for the delivery of the brake band takes place either via the electric motor or via a centrifugal clutch. In normal operation, the electric motor takes over the control of the brake. This is connected via a toothed belt with the spindle. In emergency mode, so if the electronics fails or the power fails, closes at a defined speed, the centrifugal clutch, the band brake. Reach the wave with it on it Cable drum and band brake a speed of, for example, about 350 min -1 , the centrifugal clutch transmits a speed-dependent torque to the ball screw and closes the band brake. The crown gear is necessary to raise the speed to usable levels, since the centrifugal clutch from a speed of, for example, about 2100 min -1 can transmit the necessary torque for the delivery of the band brake. The band brake slows down the rotational movement of the shaft with the brake drum or disc running thereon, whereby the centrifugal clutch again ensures a low contact force and the brake drum is braked less. This sets a constant lowering speed. For the person skilled in the art, the stated values represent only exemplary information on how the present invention can be configured. Depending on the embodiment of the present invention, a large number of values are available to the person skilled in the art, from which he can select the appropriate value on the basis of his specialist knowledge.
Eine konkrete Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsvorrichtung kann ein an einer Wand oder am Boden verankerbares Stützgestell mit zwei darin geführten und parallel angeordneten Wellen mit jeweils darauf angeordneten Seilrollen und einen mit den Wellen gekoppelten Antriebsmotor vorsehen. Weiterhin kann eine mit wenigstens einer der Wellen drehfest verbundene Bandbremse vorgesehen sein, die mittels eines Linearantriebs aktivierbar ist. Dieser Linearantrieb kann bspw. mit zwei Betätigungseinrichtungen zusammenwirken, die über ein Umsetzungsgetriebe zur Umwandlung einer Drehbewegung in eine Linearbewegung einerseits mit einem Stellmotor zur gesteuerten Betätigung der Bremse und andererseits mit einem Fliehkraftversteller zur drehzahlabhängigen Betätigung der Bremse zusammenwirken, wobei der Fliehkraftversteller über eine Getriebeübersetzung mit einer der beiden Wellen, welche die Seilrollen trägt, gekoppelt ist. Weiterhin können die beiden Betätigungseinrichtungen jeweils über Riemenantriebe mit dem Stellmotor bzw. dem Fliehkraftversteller gekoppelt sein.A specific embodiment of the securing device according to the invention may provide an anchored to a wall or floor support frame with two guided therein and arranged in parallel shafts each having disposed thereon pulleys and coupled to the shafts drive motor. Furthermore, it can be provided with at least one of the shafts rotatably connected band brake, which is activated by means of a linear drive. This linear drive can, for example, cooperate with two actuators, which cooperate via a conversion gear for converting a rotational movement in a linear movement on the one hand with a servomotor for controlled actuation of the brake and on the other hand with a Fliehkraftversteller for speed-dependent actuation of the brake, wherein the Fliehkraftversteller via a gear ratio with a the two shafts, which carries the pulleys, is coupled. Furthermore, the two actuators can be coupled via belt drives with the servomotor or the Fliehkraftversteller.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die nachfolgend beschriebenen Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Die Figuren illustrieren und verdeutlichen ein nicht einschränkend zu verstehendes Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung in seinen Details, Schaltmöglichkeiten und Funktionen.
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Fig. 1 zeigt eine Perspektivansicht einer Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung zum Sichern eines Kletterseils. -
Fig. 2 zeigt eine weitere Perspektivansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsvorrichtung. -
Fig. 3 zeigt eine schematische Seitenansicht der Sicherungsvorrichtung. -
Fig. 4 zeigt eine schematische Explosionsdarstellung mit den wesentlichen Baugruppen der erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsvorrichtung. -
Fig. 5 zeigt eine Perspektivansicht einer Ausführungsform einer Seilrolle mit Kletterseil. -
Fig. 6 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine Ebene der Sicherungsvorrichtung, in der die beiden Wellen mit den rotierenden Seiltrommeln liegen. -
Fig. 7 zeigt eine Perspektivansicht einer Ausführungsform der Bremseinrichtung der Sicherungsvorrichtung. -
Fig. 8 zeigt eine Perspektivansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Bremseinrichtung der Sicherungsvorrichtung. -
Fig. 9 zeigt eine schematische Teilschnittansicht eines ersten blockierenden Bremssystems der Bremseinrichtung. -
Fig. 10 zeigte eine weitere Perspektivansicht eines zweiten blockierenden Bremssystems der Bremseinrichtung. -
Fig. 11 zeigt eine Variante einer Seilführung der Vorrichtung zum Sichern eines Kletterseils. -
Fig. 12 zeigt eine Möglichkeit zum Anordnen einer Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung zum Sichern eines Kletterseils an einer Kletterroute.
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Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a device for securing a climbing rope. -
Fig. 2 shows a further perspective view of the securing device according to the invention. -
Fig. 3 shows a schematic side view of the securing device. -
Fig. 4 shows a schematic exploded view with the main components of the securing device according to the invention. -
Fig. 5 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a pulley with climbing rope. -
Fig. 6 shows a cross section through a plane of the securing device, in which lie the two waves with the rotating cable drums. -
Fig. 7 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the braking device of the securing device. -
Fig. 8 shows a perspective view of another embodiment of the braking device of the securing device. -
Fig. 9 shows a schematic partial sectional view of a first blocking brake system of the braking device. -
Fig. 10 showed a further perspective view of a second blocking brake system of the braking device. -
Fig. 11 shows a variant of a cable guide of the device for securing a climbing rope. -
Fig. 12 shows a possibility for arranging an embodiment of a device for securing a climbing rope on a climbing route.
Anhand der
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung kann der Antriebsmotor 24 auch im Bereich der Bremseinrichtung 30 angeordnet sein (vgl.
Wie die
Die gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung wichtigsten Kernbestandteile der Bremseinrichtung 30 sind nochmals anhand der schematischen Darstellungen der
Der Linearantrieb 48, der die Drehbewegung des Stellmotors 42 über die eine relativ kleine Winkeländerung der Riemenscheibe 46 in eine lineare Zugbewegung seines Stellkolbens 52 überträgt, kann bspw. durch einen sog. Kugelgewindetrieb, durch einen Spindelantrieb mit Schneckengetriebe, durch einen Zahnstangenantrieb oder durch eine andere geeignete Getriebebauart realisiert sein.The
Mit derselben Riemenscheibe 46, die den Linearantrieb 48 über den Riemenantrieb 44 mit dem Stellmotor 42 koppelt, wirkt über einen weiteren Riemenantrieb 52 ein Fliehkraftversteller 54 zusammen. Der Fliehkraftversteller 54, der als Fliehkraftkupplung ausgebildet sein kann, weist eine Drehverbindung zum Kronenrad 56 der mit den Wellen 16 gekoppelten Bremsscheibe 32 auf, im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel durch eine Stirnradverzahnung oder durch ein Kronenradgetriebe 58 gebildet. Ein Ritzel 60 stellt dabei die Verbindung vom Kronenradgetriebe 58 zum Fliehkraftversteller 54 her, so dass dieser je nach Einstellung in Abhängigkeit von einer definierbaren Grenzdrehzahl für eine Betätigung des Linearantriebs 48 sorgen kann, um die Bremseinrichtung 30 entweder überhaupt auszulösen bzw. zu betätigen oder um die Bremswirkung zu verstärken, wenn das Bremsband 34 bereits in Richtung A zur zylindrischen Außenmantelfläche der Bremsscheibe 32 gezogen und die Bremseinrichtung 30 damit bereits aktiviert ist. Gleichzeitig sorgt das Kronenradgetriebe 58 für eine geeignete Übersetzung, da eine solche Fliehkraftkupplung erst bei deutlich höheren Drehzahlen ausgelöst wird, als sie von der Welle 16 bzw. der Bremsscheibe 32 erreicht werden. Dreht sich die Welle 16 mit der damit verbundenen Bremsscheibe 32 bspw. mit ca. 350 Umdrehungen je Minute, so liefert das Kronenradgetriebe 58 für eine Übersetzung auf mehr als 2000 Umdrehungen je Minute, da erst bei solchen Drehzahlen der Fliehkraftversteller 54 ein Auslösedrehmoment liefert, das über den Riemenantrieb 52 für eine Drehung der Riemenscheibe 46 und damit für ein weiteres Zustellen des Linearantriebs 48 sorgt. Der Fliehkraftversteller 54 bildet somit die zweite Betätigungseinrichtung 38 im Sinne der Erfindung, die zusammen mit der ersten Betätigungseinrichtung 36, die einen elektrischen Stellmotor 42 umfasst, die gewünschte redundante Absicherung der Bremseinrichtung 30 und des Seiltriebs liefert.With the
Die schematische Darstellung der
Wie anhand der detaillierten
Die schematische Darstellung der
- 88th
- Benutzeruser
- 1010
- Vorrichtung zum Sichern eines KletterseilsDevice for securing a climbing rope
- 1212
- Kletterseilclimbing rope
- 1313
- Rillengrooves
- 1414
- Seilrollepulley
- 1515
- zusätzliche Umlenkmitteladditional deflection
- 1616
- Wellewave
- 1818
- Stützgestellsupport stand
- 2020
- Riemenscheibepulley
- 2222
- Antriebsriemendrive belts
- 2424
- Antriebsmotordrive motor
- 2626
- Gehäusecasing
- 2828
- Platte, plattenförmiger SchenkelPlate, plate-shaped leg
- 3030
- Bremseinrichtungbraking means
- 3232
- Bremsscheibe, BremstrommelBrake disc, brake drum
- 3434
- Bremsbandbrake band
- 3636
- erste Betätigungseinrichtungfirst actuating device
- 3838
- zweite Betätigungseinrichtungsecond actuating device
- 4040
- Halterahmenholding frame
- 4242
- Stellmotorservomotor
- 4444
- Riemenantriebbelt drive
- 4646
- Riemenscheibepulley
- 4848
- Linearantrieblinear actuator
- 5050
- Zugverbindungsschelletrain Schelle
- 5252
- weiterer Riemenantriebfurther belt drive
- 5353
- zusätzlicher Riemenantriebadditional belt drive
- 5454
- Fliehkraftversteller, FliehkraftkupplungCentrifugal force adjuster, centrifugal clutch
- 5555
- drehmomentbegrenzende Kupplung, RutschkupplungTorque limiting clutch, slip clutch
- 5656
- Kronenradcrown
- 5858
- Kronenradgetriebecrown-gear
- 6060
- Ritzelpinion
- 6262
- Hakenhook
- 6464
- optische Erfassungseinrichtung, Lichtschrankeoptical detection device, light barrier
Claims (13)
- Protection device (10) for handling, paying out and/or securing a climbing rope (12) along a climbing route wherein the climbing rope (12) is connected with one end to a person (8) who is climbing and who is to be secured, and is deflected in at least one point or above the position where the person (8) to be secured is located, and with the other end, the climbing rope (12) is connected to the protection device (10), which comprises a stationary climbing rope pulley, which is equipped with a motorised drive interacting with a braking device (30), wherein the braking device (30) comprises at least two actuation systems (36, 38), which are coupled with each other, which are, however, activatable independently of each other and which effect braking and/or blocking, as required, of the guided climbing rope (12), characterised in that the braking device (30) comprises at least one mechanical friction brake, which mechanical friction brake is formed by a band brake, which has a rotating drum (32) against the cylindrical external surface of which a brake band (34) fits embracing the drum (32) at least sectionwise, and wherein the first actuation system (36) and the second actuation system (38) are coupled with a closing element (48) and the brake band (34) is bringable into surface contact with the rotating drum (32) via the closing element (48).
- The protection device as recited in claim 1, in which the climbing rope pulley comprises at least one deflection rope drum (14) at which the climbing rope (12) is arranged, and wherein the at least one mechanical friction brake (30) is rotationally arranged at at least one deflection drum (14).
- The protection device as recited in claim 1 or claim 2, in which the closing element (48) converts a rotating movement of an actuating drive (42, 54) into a linear movement.
- The protection device as recited in one of the previous claims, in which the first actuation system (36) comprises an electric actuating motor (42).
- The protection device as recited in one of the previous claims, in which the second actuation system (38) comprises a rotational speed-dependent activation for the brake band (34).
- The protection device as recited in claim 5, in which the rotational speed-dependent activation for the brake band (34) provides a centrifugal clutch (54).
- The protection device as recited in claim 5 or claim 6, in which the centrifugal clutch (54) is associated with a torque-limiting clutch (55).
- The protection device as recited in one of the previous claims, in which the climbing rope (12) is guided via at least two deflection drums (14), which are connected with the electric drive motor (24).
- The protection device as recited in one of the previous claims, in which the climbing rope (12) is guided over at least 180 degrees and at most 270 degrees about at least one deflection drum (14), which is connected with the electric drive motor (24).
- The protection device as recited in claim 8 or 9, in which at least one of the deflection drums (14) is associated with an optical detection device (64) for detecting a rope tension and/or for detecting a rope slack length.
- The protection device as recited in one of the claims 8 to 10, in which the deflection drums (14) respectively have V-shaped grooves, in which the climbing rope (12) is guided.
- The protection device as recited in one of the claims 1 to 11, which comprises a support frame (18) with two shafts (16) guided and arranged in parallel therein, with rope pulleys (14) arranged thereon and a drive motor (24) coupled with the shafts as well as the band brake (30), which is torque-proofly connected with at least one of the shafts (16), wherein the band brake (30) is activatable by means of a linear drive (48), which interacts with two actuation apparatuses (36, 38), which interact with an actuating motor (42) for the controlled actuation of the brake (30) via a conversion gear for converting a rotary movement into a linear movement on the one hand, and, on the other hand, with a centrifugal adjuster (54) for the rotational speed-dependent activation of the brake (30), wherein the centrifugal adjuster (54) is coupled with one of the two shafts (16), which supports the rope pulleys (14), via a gearbox ratio (58).
- The protection device as recited in claim 12, in which the two actuation apparatuses (36, 38) are respectively coupled with the actuating motor (42) or with the centrifugal adjuster (54), as the case may be, via belt drives (44, 52).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102010000363A DE102010000363A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 | 2010-02-11 | Safety device, in particular safety rope |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2359911A2 EP2359911A2 (en) | 2011-08-24 |
EP2359911A3 EP2359911A3 (en) | 2012-12-05 |
EP2359911B1 true EP2359911B1 (en) | 2016-04-20 |
Family
ID=44012632
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11153075.4A Active EP2359911B1 (en) | 2010-02-11 | 2011-02-02 | Safety device, in particular rope safety device |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2359911B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102010000363A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2582036T3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102021102673A1 (en) | 2021-02-04 | 2022-08-04 | Edelrid Gmbh & Co. Kg | Portable lifeline device for belaying a partner when climbing |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103801011B (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2016-09-28 | 陆继儒 | Fire disaster escaping, outside Wall Cleaning, the multi-functional simple and direct lifter of climbing |
CN103072928A (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2013-05-01 | 东莞市天楠光电科技有限公司 | Multipurpose lifter |
DE102015100798A1 (en) | 2014-01-29 | 2015-07-30 | Widmesser & Lohse Patent-Verwaltungs-GbR (vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter: Florian Widmesser, 81379 München) | Safety device, in particular safety rope |
DE102015207363A1 (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2016-10-27 | Oberalp SpA | backup device |
CN109850819A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-06-07 | 胡永波 | A kind of climbing string device |
EP4031254A2 (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2022-07-27 | Trublue LLC | Lock-off descent control systems and devices |
IT202000006769A1 (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-10-01 | Prograde S R L | SAFETY EQUIPMENT FOR SPORTS CLIMBING. |
IT202000006760A1 (en) | 2020-03-31 | 2021-10-01 | Prograde S R L | SAFETY EQUIPMENT FOR SPORTS CLIMBING. |
CN116570851B (en) * | 2023-06-29 | 2024-06-14 | 凯夫拉科技集团有限公司 | Follow-up descent control device applied to high-altitude self-rescue escape |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4653609A (en) * | 1984-11-30 | 1987-03-31 | Devine Millard J | Controlled descent apparatus |
WO1995016496A1 (en) * | 1993-12-14 | 1995-06-22 | Strickler James H | Sport climbing safety device |
FR2727026B1 (en) * | 1994-11-18 | 1996-12-27 | Jomard Christine Brouty | DEVICE FOR AUTOMATICALLY INSURING A CLIMBER DURING CLIMBING |
KR100251014B1 (en) * | 1997-05-06 | 2000-04-15 | 김경주 | Lifter |
SE521204C2 (en) | 1997-11-06 | 2003-10-07 | Act Safe Systems Ab | Climbing device |
DE20012018U1 (en) | 2000-07-11 | 2000-11-16 | Sotgiu, Walter, 52499 Baesweiler | Device for securing a climbing rope |
-
2010
- 2010-02-11 DE DE102010000363A patent/DE102010000363A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-02-02 ES ES11153075.4T patent/ES2582036T3/en active Active
- 2011-02-02 EP EP11153075.4A patent/EP2359911B1/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102021102673A1 (en) | 2021-02-04 | 2022-08-04 | Edelrid Gmbh & Co. Kg | Portable lifeline device for belaying a partner when climbing |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2582036T3 (en) | 2016-09-08 |
DE102010000363A1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
EP2359911A3 (en) | 2012-12-05 |
EP2359911A2 (en) | 2011-08-24 |
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