EP2342728B1 - Keypad with long key travel and improved touch feeling - Google Patents

Keypad with long key travel and improved touch feeling Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2342728B1
EP2342728B1 EP09823100.4A EP09823100A EP2342728B1 EP 2342728 B1 EP2342728 B1 EP 2342728B1 EP 09823100 A EP09823100 A EP 09823100A EP 2342728 B1 EP2342728 B1 EP 2342728B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
key
plunger
stiffness
switch
recess
Prior art date
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Application number
EP09823100.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2342728A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Louis Bigand
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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Publication of EP2342728A1 publication Critical patent/EP2342728A1/en
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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/70Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
    • H01H13/702Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard with contacts carried by or formed from layers in a multilayer structure, e.g. membrane switches
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/70Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
    • H01H13/84Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard characterised by ergonomic functions, e.g. for miniature keyboards; characterised by operational sensory functions, e.g. sound feedback
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/70Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
    • H01H13/84Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard characterised by ergonomic functions, e.g. for miniature keyboards; characterised by operational sensory functions, e.g. sound feedback
    • H01H13/85Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard characterised by ergonomic functions, e.g. for miniature keyboards; characterised by operational sensory functions, e.g. sound feedback characterised by tactile feedback features
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2215/00Tactile feedback
    • H01H2215/002Longer travel
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2215/00Tactile feedback
    • H01H2215/004Collapsible dome or bubble
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2221/00Actuators
    • H01H2221/036Return force
    • H01H2221/044Elastic part on actuator or casing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a keyboard comprising at least one push switch and a key for operating the switch. It relates to taking into account geometric dispersions of the keyboard, lengthening the stroke of the key and improving the tactile sensation when pressing the key to operate the switch.
  • the invention finds particular, but not exclusive, utility in a dashboard of an aircraft.
  • a keypad When it is intended for a dashboard of an aircraft, but also for other areas, a keypad must meet a number of constraints, in particular dimensional constraints.
  • a first constraint is the tolerance on the key override. The difference in height between the upper surface of the key and the fixed surface of the keyboard is called the key overhang. This tolerance is generally low, of the order of two to three tenths of a millimeter.
  • a second constraint relates to the stroke of the key. This race must generally be between seven and ten tenths of a millimeter depending on the application.
  • a third constraint relates to the effort to be applied to a key in order to actuate the switch. The effort is for example five or six newtons with a tolerance around a newton.
  • a fourth constraint may also relate to the switch maneuverability, that is to say the tactile sensation provided at the touch of a key. This sensation is notably related to the resistance opposed by the key when it is stressed and the resistance break observed when the switch goes from the open state to the closed state. This feeling is important to ensure reliable feedback to the operator operating the key.
  • the keyboard then comprises at least one front face, a printed circuit forming a support and a diffuser interposed between the front face and the printed circuit.
  • the keyboard may further include sealing elements between the fixed part and the movable part, that is to say the key or keys.
  • the assembly of the different parts of the keyboard causes a geometric dispersion generally of the same order of magnitude as the stroke of the key and the tolerance on exceeding the key.
  • the geometric dispersion is usually between six and ten tenths of a millimeter depending on the tolerances of the parts and the care taken in mounting the keyboard.
  • JP-A-1264125 An example of a keyboard with a long stroke of keys is described in JP-A-1264125 .
  • the push switches have insufficient travel to achieve the minimum stroke required for the key.
  • the stroke of a dome switch is rarely more than three tenths of a millimeter. Even for a switch incorporating elastomers, the stroke is generally less than seven tenths of a millimeter. Therefore, it is generally not possible to make a rigid connection between the key and the moving part of the switch.
  • the figure 1 illustrates a first embodiment of a keyboard in a sectional view of a portion of the keyboard in a plane passing through a key.
  • the keyboard comprises a printed circuit 10 forming a support, a front face 11 fixedly secured to the printed circuit 10 by means of a plate 12 and a push-button switch 13 mounted on the printed circuit board 10.
  • the pushbutton switch 13 is for example a switch of the type called "dome” or "blistering", that is to say where the switching is effected by deflection of a conductive elastic blister dome against two conductors to connect. This type of switch is known in the Anglo-Saxon literature as the "dome switch”.
  • the front face 11 and the plate 12 comprise an opening 14 allowing a key 15 to translate along an axis X and to operate the switch 13.
  • the tolerance of greater than 16 key 15 is guaranteed by a plating of the key 15 against the front face 11.
  • This plating can be achieved by a spring 17 prestressed between the key 15 and the assembly consisting of the printed circuit 10, the front face 11 and the plate 12.
  • the spring 17 can rely on a internal flange 18 made on the plate 12.
  • the stroke of the key 15 may be limited on the opposite side to the switch 13 by the support of a shoulder 20 made on the key 15 against the bottom of a countersink 19 made on the front face 11.
  • the minimum stroke of the key can in turn be guaranteed by the existence of a clearance 21 between the lower end 151 of the key 15 and the switch 13.
  • the figure 2 represents in the form of a graph the evolution of a force applied to the key 15 as a function of a stroke of this key 15 for the first exemplary embodiment.
  • the key 15 moves along the X axis, the origin O of the race being determined by the rest position, that is to say when the key is not stressed and that it is pressed against the bottom of the countersink 19. It is also considered that the force is applied to the key 15 along the X axis towards the switch 13.
  • the evolution of the force as a function of the stroke is represented by a curve 24.
  • a first portion 241 of this curve 24 is represented by a positive slope line.
  • This portion 241 corresponds to the biasing of the spring 17 alone, the slope of the straight line corresponding to the stiffness of the spring 17. Beyond a race point C 1 , the lower end 151 of the key 15 comes into contact with the moving part of the switch 13. The stiffness of the switch 13 is then added to the stiffness of the spring 17. On the graph, the accumulation of the stiffness of the spring 17 and the switch 13 results in a second part 242 of curve 24 represented by a line of steeper slope and therefore by a discontinuity of the variation of the force for the stroke point C 1 .
  • a third portion 243 of the curve 24 may be represented by a convex curve portion. This part 243 corresponds to the beginning of the deflection of the switch 13 and includes the point of maximum effort F max that can be applied to the key 15 before the switch 13 establishes an electrical contact. This maximum effort F max occurs for a race point C 2 .
  • a fourth portion 244 of the curve 24 may be represented by a portion of concave curve, the force falling abruptly after the crossing of the travel point C 2 . This portion 244 corresponds to the further deflection of the switch 13.
  • the figure 3 illustrates a second example envisaged by the applicant for the realization of a keyboard in a sectional view similar to the figure 1 .
  • the tolerance of greater than 16 of key 15 is also guaranteed by a plating of the key 15 against the front face 11.
  • the plating is carried out by a deformable element, called plunger 31, prestressed between the lower end 151 of the key 15 and the switch 13.
  • the plunger 31 consists for example of a cylinder of revolution.
  • the figure 4 represents in the form of a graph similar to the figure 2 , the evolution of the force applied to the key 15 as a function of its stroke for the second embodiment.
  • a first curve 41 represents the evolution of the force for a plunger 31 with low stiffness and a second curve 42 represents the evolution of the effort for a plunger 31 with greater stiffness.
  • the race points C 2 and C 4 defined above are considered identical for the two curves 41 and 42.
  • the running point C 3 is marked C 31 for the curve 41 and C 32 for the curve 42.
  • second embodiment eliminates the clearance 21 between the lower end 151 of the key 15 and the switch 13. As a result, there is no break in stiffness when actuating the key 15 between the origin O and the race point C 2 .
  • this second embodiment allows to a certain extent to lengthen the race of the key 15 and absorb the geometric dispersions of the assembly.
  • the lengthening of the stroke of the key 15 and the absorption capacity of the dispersions are favored by a low stiffness of the plunger 31, which then easily deforms between the key 15 and the switch 13.
  • a plunger 31 with a low stiffness has a less good tactile sensation.
  • the tactile sensation associated with the transition of the switch 13 from the open position to the closed position can be represented by the ratio R between the force difference ⁇ F between the minimum forces F min and maximum F max and the travel difference ⁇ C between race points C 2 and C 3 .
  • the travel difference ⁇ C 1 between the race points C 2 and C 31 is greater than the travel difference ⁇ C 2 between the travel points C 2 and C 32 .
  • This phenomenon is related to a faster return of the energy stored in a plunger 31 with high stiffness than in a plunger 31 low stiffness.
  • the switch 13 may not be operated with a plunger 31 low stiffness. Indeed, the plunger 31 may deform in flexion and store energy without being able to restore it along the X axis to activate the switch 13.
  • this second embodiment a compromise must be found on the stiffness of the plunger 31 to, on the one hand, have a sufficient capacity for elongation and absorption of the dispersions and, on the other hand, to guarantee the activation of the switch 13 when pressing off-center on the key 15.
  • this second example of embodiment is especially adapted to a weak lengthening the travel of the switch 13 and requires an adaptation of the length of each plunger 31 to the geometric dispersions of the keyboard at each key 15.
  • the individual adjustment of the lengths of plungers 31 is obviously expensive and makes this implementation inappropriate to a mass production of keyboards.
  • An object of the invention is in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by providing a simple keyboard whose keys 15 have a long stroke and a good tactile sensation.
  • the subject of the invention is a keyboard comprising a push-button switch, a button for operating the push-button switch along a translation axis and a plunger interposed between the button and the switch.
  • a stiffness of the plunger along the translation axis increases continuously with an increase in the compression of the plunger.
  • the invention has the particular advantage that it allows to combine the advantages of a keyboard with a low stiffness plunger with those of a keyboard with a high stiffness plunger for low production cost.
  • the figure 5 represents an exemplary embodiment of a keyboard according to the invention in a sectional view similar to figures 1 and 3 .
  • the keyboard according to the invention is similar to the second embodiment, the main difference relating to the plunger 31.
  • the stiffness of the plunger 31 along the X axis increases continuously when pressing the front button 15 the actuation of the switch 13. In other words, the stiffness of the plunger 31 increases with an increase in its compression for a stroke of the key 15 preceding the actuation of the switch 13.
  • the stiffness of the plunger 31 increases continuously until reaching a given compression point, the stiffness remaining constant beyond this point of compression.
  • the plunger 31 is for example made of a single piece of homogeneous material.
  • the plunger 31 can thus be produced by molding in a very economical manner.
  • the material is advantageously an elastomer such as silicone.
  • the hardness of the The elastomer may be between 60 and 80 Shore A. It is for example 70 Shore A.
  • the present description relates to a keyboard with a single key 15.
  • the keyboard may comprise several keys 15 and, in particular, a plunger 31 as described above for each key 15 of the keyboard.
  • the figure 6 represents, in the form of a graph similar to the graphs of figures 2 and 4 , the evolution of the effort applied on a key 15 of the keyboard of the figure 5 according to the stroke of this key 15 for the first embodiment of the invention.
  • the evolution of the force is represented by a curve 61.
  • the plunger 31 is prestressed between the lower end 151 of the key 15 and the switch 13, the ordinate to the origin F 0 of the curve 61 being greater than zero. It is also possible to see that, on a first portion 611 of the curve 61, the stiffness of the key 15, represented by the slope of the curve 61, increases progressively without discontinuity.
  • the difference in stroke ⁇ C between the race points C 2 and C 3 is of the same order of magnitude as the difference in stroke ⁇ C 2 observed for a plunger 31 with high stiffness. This phenomenon is explained by the fact that, just before the deflection of the switch 13, the plunger 31 is strongly compressed and is thus characterized by a high stiffness. Therefore, the ratio R is important and the key 15 has a good tactile sensation.
  • the plunger 31 has two distinct constant stiffnesses.
  • it has a low stiffness k 1 at the beginning of compression and stiffness stronger k 2 at the end of compression.
  • the low stiffness k 1 allows, by its high deformation capacity, to absorb the geometric dispersions and lengthen the stroke of the key, and the high stiffness k 2 provides a good tactile sensation.
  • a plunger 31 whose stiffness increases with its compression can in particular be achieved by a suitable form of the plunger 31.
  • the plunger 31 comprises a recess 63, as shown in FIG. figure 5 .
  • This recess 63 defines an upper portion 31a of the plunger 31 and a lower portion 31b of the plunger 31, the upper portion 31a corresponding to the portion of the plunger 31 comprising the recess.
  • the plunger 31 and / or the recess 63 may be of revolution along the axis X.
  • the plunger 31 and / or the recess 63 are cylindrical.
  • the recess 63 is used to fix the plunger 31 to the key 15.
  • the key 15 then comprises a lug 152 whose shape is complementary to that of an upper portion 63a of the recess 63.
  • the plunger 31 is fitted on the lug 152 and is held there by elastic deformation.
  • the relative heights of the lug 152 and the recess 63 along the X axis are determined so as to leave a gap 63b between the lug 152 and the bottom of the recess 63.
  • the height of this empty space 63b is for example between five and fifteen tenths of a millimeter for a total height of the plunger 31 for example between three and four millimeters.
  • the height of the void space 63b is determined by a calculation of the average geometric dispersion of the keyboard assembly and the knowledge of the key stroke required. It is the presence of the empty space 63 which makes it possible to modify the stiffness of the plunger 31 with its compression.
  • the figure 7 represents, in the form of a graph similar to the graphs of figures 2 , 4 and 6 , the evolution of the effort applied on a key of the keyboard of the figure 5 according to its stroke for the second embodiment of the invention.
  • the evolution of the force is represented by a curve 71.
  • the upper part 31a of the plunger 31 bears the major part of the deformation of the plunger 31.
  • This upper part 31a indeed has an initial stiffness k 1 less than a stiffness k 2 of the lower part 31 b.
  • the pin 152 between in contact with the bottom of the recess 63.
  • the Figures 8A, 8B and 8C illustrate exemplary key and plunger configurations according to the second embodiment and wherein the transition between the two stiffnesses k 1 and k 2 is smoothed.
  • the lug 152 of the key 15 has a convex shape coming into contact with the bottom of the recess 63.
  • the bottom of the recess 63 is flat.
  • a second configuration example, represented on the Figure 8B it is the bottom of the recess 63 of the plunger 31 which has a convex shape, the part of the lug 152 coming into contact with the bottom of the recess 63 having a flat shape.
  • both the lug 152 and the bottom of the recess 63 have a convex shape.
  • the smoothing of the transition between the two stiffnesses k 1 and k 2 is ensured by a curved shape.
  • any form ensuring a gradual increase in the contact surface between the key 15 and the bottom of the recess 63 may be made within the scope of the invention.
  • the figure 9 represents, in the form of a graph similar to the graphs of figures 2 , 4 , 6 and 7 , the evolution of the force applied on a key of the keyboard according to its course according to the examples of configuration of the Figures 8A, 8B, 8C .
  • the evolution of the force is represented by a curve 91.
  • the curve 91 is essentially distinguished in that it comprises a portion of curve 92 connecting the first segment 711 of slope k 1 to the second segment 712 of slope k 2 in the vicinity of the race point C 1 .
  • the plunger 31 according to the invention can be elastically deformed substantially in its upper part 31a. It thus allows a long stroke of touch and a great capacity of absorption of the dispersions of the keyboard. In this case, it is not necessary to adapt the length of the various plungers 31 to the geometric dispersions of the keyboard at each key 15.
  • the plungers 31 may have standard dimensions.
  • the plunger 31 also has a high stiffness in its lower portion 31b. It offers a good tactile sensation.

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  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne un clavier comportant au moins un interrupteur à poussoir et une touche permettant de manoeuvrer l'interrupteur. Elle se rapporte à la prise en compte des dispersions géométriques du clavier, à l'allongement de la course de la touche et à l'amélioration de la sensation tactile lors de l'appui sur la touche pour manoeuvrer l'interrupteur. L'invention trouve une utilité particulière, mais non exclusive, dans une planche de bord d'un aéronef.The invention relates to a keyboard comprising at least one push switch and a key for operating the switch. It relates to taking into account geometric dispersions of the keyboard, lengthening the stroke of the key and improving the tactile sensation when pressing the key to operate the switch. The invention finds particular, but not exclusive, utility in a dashboard of an aircraft.

Lorsqu'il est destiné à une planche de bord d'un aéronef, mais également pour d'autres domaines, un clavier doit répondre à un certain nombre de contraintes, en particulier des contraintes dimensionnelles. Une première contrainte est la tolérance sur le dépassant de touche. On appelle dépassant de touche la différence de hauteur entre la surface supérieure de la touche et la surface fixe du clavier. Cette tolérance est généralement faible, de l'ordre de deux à trois dixièmes de millimètres. Une deuxième contrainte porte sur la course de la touche. Cette course doit en général être comprise entre sept et dix dixièmes de millimètres selon les applications. Une troisième contrainte est relative à l'effort à appliquer sur une touche afin d'actionner l'interrupteur. L'effort est par exemple de cinq ou six newtons avec une tolérance autour d'un newton. Une quatrième contrainte peut également porter sur l'agrément de manoeuvre de l'interrupteur, autrement dit sur la sensation tactile procurée lors de l'appui sur une touche. Cette sensation est notamment liée à la résistance opposée par la touche lorsqu'elle est sollicitée et à la rupture de résistance observée lorsque l'interrupteur passe de l'état ouvert à l'état fermé. Cette sensation est importante pour assurer un retour d'information fiable vers l'opérateur manoeuvrant la touche.When it is intended for a dashboard of an aircraft, but also for other areas, a keypad must meet a number of constraints, in particular dimensional constraints. A first constraint is the tolerance on the key override. The difference in height between the upper surface of the key and the fixed surface of the keyboard is called the key overhang. This tolerance is generally low, of the order of two to three tenths of a millimeter. A second constraint relates to the stroke of the key. This race must generally be between seven and ten tenths of a millimeter depending on the application. A third constraint relates to the effort to be applied to a key in order to actuate the switch. The effort is for example five or six newtons with a tolerance around a newton. A fourth constraint may also relate to the switch maneuverability, that is to say the tactile sensation provided at the touch of a key. This sensation is notably related to the resistance opposed by the key when it is stressed and the resistance break observed when the switch goes from the open state to the closed state. This feeling is important to ensure reliable feedback to the operator operating the key.

Les contraintes dimensionnelles peuvent s'avérer d'autant plus difficiles à satisfaire que la partie fixe du clavier est souvent réalisée par un assemblage de pièces. Un assemblage est par exemple nécessaire lorsque le clavier est rétroéclairé. Le clavier comprend alors au moins une face avant, un circuit imprimé formant support et un diffuseur interposé entre la face avant et le circuit imprimé. Le clavier peut en outre comporter des éléments d'étanchéité entre la partie fixe et la partie mobile, c'est-à-dire la ou les touches. L'assemblage des différentes pièces du clavier entraîne une dispersion géométrique généralement du même ordre de grandeur que la course de la touche et que la tolérance sur le dépassant de touche. Pour un clavier destiné à une planche de bord d'aéronef, la dispersion géométrique est ordinairement comprise entre six et dix dixièmes de millimètre selon les tolérances des pièces et le soin apporté au montage du clavier.Dimensional constraints can be all the more difficult to satisfy as the fixed part of the keyboard is often made by an assembly of parts. An assembly is necessary for example when the keyboard is backlit. The keyboard then comprises at least one front face, a printed circuit forming a support and a diffuser interposed between the front face and the printed circuit. The keyboard may further include sealing elements between the fixed part and the movable part, that is to say the key or keys. The assembly of the different parts of the keyboard causes a geometric dispersion generally of the same order of magnitude as the stroke of the key and the tolerance on exceeding the key. For a keyboard intended for an aircraft dashboard, the geometric dispersion is usually between six and ten tenths of a millimeter depending on the tolerances of the parts and the care taken in mounting the keyboard.

Un exemple de clavier à longue course de touches est décrit dans JP-A-1264125 . Par ailleurs, les interrupteurs à poussoir ont une course insuffisante pour réaliser la course minimale exigée pour la touche. En l'occurrence, la course d'un interrupteur à dôme est rarement supérieure à trois dixièmes de millimètre. Même pour un interrupteur intégrant des élastomères, la course est généralement inférieure à sept dixièmes de millimètres. Par conséquent, il n'est généralement pas possible de réaliser une liaison rigide entre la touche et la partie mobile de l'interrupteur.An example of a keyboard with a long stroke of keys is described in JP-A-1264125 . In addition, the push switches have insufficient travel to achieve the minimum stroke required for the key. In this case, the stroke of a dome switch is rarely more than three tenths of a millimeter. Even for a switch incorporating elastomers, the stroke is generally less than seven tenths of a millimeter. Therefore, it is generally not possible to make a rigid connection between the key and the moving part of the switch.

Plusieurs solutions ont été envisagées par le demandeur pour garantir à la fois la tolérance de dépassant de touche et la course minimale de la touche. La figure 1 illustre un premier exemple de réalisation d'un clavier dans une vue en coupe d'une partie du clavier selon un plan passant par une touche. Le clavier comporte un circuit imprimé 10 formant un support, une face avant 11 fixée solidairement au circuit imprimé 10 par l'intermédiaire d'une plaque 12 et un interrupteur 13 à poussoir monté sur le circuit imprimé 10. L'interrupteur 13 à poussoir est par exemple un interrupteur du type dit "à dôme" ou "cloquant", c'est-à-dire où la commutation s'effectue par déflexion d'un dôme cloquant élastique conducteur contre deux conducteurs à relier. Ce type d'interrupteur est connu dans la littérature anglo-saxonne sous le terme de "dome switch". La face avant 11 et la plaque 12 comportent une ouverture 14 permettant à une touche 15 de translater suivant un axe X et de manoeuvrer l'interrupteur 13. Selon ce premier exemple de réalisation, la tolérance de dépassant 16 de touche 15 est garantie par un plaquage de la touche 15 contre la face avant 11. Ce plaquage peut être réalisé par un ressort 17 précontraint entre la touche 15 et l'ensemble constitué du circuit imprimé 10, de la face avant 11 et de la plaque 12. En particulier, le ressort 17 peut prendre appui sur une collerette intérieure 18 réalisé sur la plaque 12. La course de la touche 15 peut être limitée du côté opposé à l'interrupteur 13 par l'appui d'un épaulement 20 réalisé sur la touche 15 contre le fond d'un lamage 19 réalisé sur la face avant 11. La course minimale de la touche peut quant à elle être garantie par l'existence d'un jeu 21 entre l'extrémité inférieure 151 de la touche 15 et l'interrupteur 13.Several solutions have been considered by the applicant to ensure both the tolerance of exceeding the key and the minimum stroke of the key. The figure 1 illustrates a first embodiment of a keyboard in a sectional view of a portion of the keyboard in a plane passing through a key. The keyboard comprises a printed circuit 10 forming a support, a front face 11 fixedly secured to the printed circuit 10 by means of a plate 12 and a push-button switch 13 mounted on the printed circuit board 10. The pushbutton switch 13 is for example a switch of the type called "dome" or "blistering", that is to say where the switching is effected by deflection of a conductive elastic blister dome against two conductors to connect. This type of switch is known in the Anglo-Saxon literature as the "dome switch". The front face 11 and the plate 12 comprise an opening 14 allowing a key 15 to translate along an axis X and to operate the switch 13. According to this first embodiment, the tolerance of greater than 16 key 15 is guaranteed by a plating of the key 15 against the front face 11. This plating can be achieved by a spring 17 prestressed between the key 15 and the assembly consisting of the printed circuit 10, the front face 11 and the plate 12. In particular, the spring 17 can rely on a internal flange 18 made on the plate 12. The stroke of the key 15 may be limited on the opposite side to the switch 13 by the support of a shoulder 20 made on the key 15 against the bottom of a countersink 19 made on the front face 11. The minimum stroke of the key can in turn be guaranteed by the existence of a clearance 21 between the lower end 151 of the key 15 and the switch 13.

Ce premier exemple de réalisation permet d'absorber de grandes dispersions dans l'assemblage et d'allonger fortement la course de la touche 15. Cependant, elle présente plusieurs inconvénients. La figure 2 représente sous forme d'un graphe l'évolution d'un effort appliqué sur la touche 15 en fonction d'une course de cette touche 15 pour le premier exemple de réalisation. Pour la suite de la description, on considère que la touche 15 se déplace suivant l'axe X, l'origine O de la course étant déterminée par la position de repos, c'est-à-dire lorsque la touche n'est pas sollicitée et qu'elle est plaquée contre le fond du lamage 19. On considère également que l'effort est appliqué sur la touche 15 suivant l'axe X en direction de l'interrupteur 13. L'évolution de l'effort en fonction de la course est représentée par une courbe 24. Une première partie 241 de cette courbe 24 est représentée par une droite de pente positive. Cette partie 241 correspond à la sollicitation du ressort 17 seul, la pente de la droite correspondant à la raideur du ressort 17. Au-delà d'un point de course C1, l'extrémité inférieure 151 de la touche 15 entre en contact avec la partie mobile de l'interrupteur 13. La raideur de l'interrupteur 13 s'ajoute alors à la raideur du ressort 17. Sur le graphe, le cumul de la raideur du ressort 17 et de l'interrupteur 13 se traduit par une deuxième partie 242 de courbe 24 représentée par une droite de pente plus forte et donc par une discontinuité de la variation de l'effort pour le point de course C1. Cette discontinuité est un inconvénient dans la mesure où elle se traduit par un point dur pouvant faire penser à un opérateur manoeuvrant la touche 15 que l'interrupteur 13 est arrivé en bout de course et a donc établit un contact électrique. Une troisième partie 243 de la courbe 24 peut être représentée par une portion de courbe convexe. Cette partie 243 correspond à l'amorce de la déflexion de l'interrupteur 13 et comporte le point d'effort maximal Fmax pouvant être appliqué sur la touche 15 avant que l'interrupteur 13 n'établisse un contact électrique. Cet effort maximal Fmax se produit pour un point de course C2. Une quatrième partie 244 de la courbe 24 peut être représentée par une portion de courbe concave, l'effort chutant brutalement après le franchissement du point de course C2. Cette partie 244 correspond à la poursuite de la déflexion de l'interrupteur 13. Elle comporte le point d'effort minimal Fmin pouvant être appliqué sur la touche 15 pour maintenir l'interrupteur 13 fermé. Cet effort minimal Fmin correspond à un point de course C3. Au-delà du point de course C3, la touche 15 peut encore être enfoncée sur une faible distance jusqu'à compression complète du ressort 17 pour un point de course C4 correspondant à la course mécanique Cm de la touche 15. La touche 15 est alors en bout de course. L'exemple de réalisation tel qu'illustré à la figure 1 présente donc l'inconvénient d'introduire une discontinuité d'effort dans la course de la touche 15.This first exemplary embodiment makes it possible to absorb large dispersions in the assembly and to greatly lengthen the stroke of the key 15. However, it has several drawbacks. The figure 2 represents in the form of a graph the evolution of a force applied to the key 15 as a function of a stroke of this key 15 for the first exemplary embodiment. For the following description, we consider that the key 15 moves along the X axis, the origin O of the race being determined by the rest position, that is to say when the key is not stressed and that it is pressed against the bottom of the countersink 19. It is also considered that the force is applied to the key 15 along the X axis towards the switch 13. The evolution of the force as a function of the stroke is represented by a curve 24. A first portion 241 of this curve 24 is represented by a positive slope line. This portion 241 corresponds to the biasing of the spring 17 alone, the slope of the straight line corresponding to the stiffness of the spring 17. Beyond a race point C 1 , the lower end 151 of the key 15 comes into contact with the moving part of the switch 13. The stiffness of the switch 13 is then added to the stiffness of the spring 17. On the graph, the accumulation of the stiffness of the spring 17 and the switch 13 results in a second part 242 of curve 24 represented by a line of steeper slope and therefore by a discontinuity of the variation of the force for the stroke point C 1 . This discontinuity is a disadvantage insofar as it results in a hard point reminiscent of an operator operating the key 15 that the switch 13 has arrived at the end of the race and has therefore made an electrical contact. A third portion 243 of the curve 24 may be represented by a convex curve portion. This part 243 corresponds to the beginning of the deflection of the switch 13 and includes the point of maximum effort F max that can be applied to the key 15 before the switch 13 establishes an electrical contact. This maximum effort F max occurs for a race point C 2 . A fourth portion 244 of the curve 24 may be represented by a portion of concave curve, the force falling abruptly after the crossing of the travel point C 2 . This portion 244 corresponds to the further deflection of the switch 13. It comprises the minimum stress point F min that can be applied to the key 15 to keep the switch 13 closed. This minimum effort F min corresponds to a race point C 3 . Beyond the travel point C 3 , the key 15 can still be pressed a short distance until complete compression of the spring 17 for a stroke point C 4 corresponding to the mechanical stroke C m of the key 15. The key 15 is then at the end of the race. The exemplary embodiment as illustrated in figure 1 therefore has the disadvantage of introducing a discontinuity of effort in the stroke of the key 15.

La figure 3 illustre un deuxième exemple envisagé par le demandeur pour la réalisation d'un clavier dans une vue en coupe analogue à la figure 1. Selon ce deuxième exemple de réalisation, la tolérance de dépassant 16 de touche 15 est également garantie par un plaquage de la touche 15 contre la face avant 11. En revanche, le plaquage est réalisé par un élément déformable, appelé plongeur 31, précontraint entre l'extrémité inférieure 151 de la touche 15 et l'interrupteur 13. Le plongeur 31 consiste par exemple en un cylindre de révolution.The figure 3 illustrates a second example envisaged by the applicant for the realization of a keyboard in a sectional view similar to the figure 1 . According to this second exemplary embodiment, the tolerance of greater than 16 of key 15 is also guaranteed by a plating of the key 15 against the front face 11. On the other hand, the plating is carried out by a deformable element, called plunger 31, prestressed between the lower end 151 of the key 15 and the switch 13. The plunger 31 consists for example of a cylinder of revolution.

La figure 4 représente sous forme d'un graphe analogue à la figure 2, l'évolution de l'effort appliqué sur la touche 15 en fonction de sa course pour le deuxième exemple de réalisation. Une première courbe 41 représente l'évolution de l'effort pour un plongeur 31 à faible raideur et une deuxième courbe 42 représente l'évolution de l'effort pour un plongeur 31 à plus forte raideur. Dans cet exemple, les points de course C2 et C4 définis précédemment sont considérés comme identiques pour les deux courbes 41 et 42. Le point de course C3 est repéré C31 pour la courbe 41 et C32 pour la courbe 42. Le deuxième exemple de réalisation permet de supprimer le jeu 21 entre l'extrémité inférieure 151 de la touche 15 et l'interrupteur 13. De ce fait, il n'y a pas de rupture de raideur lors de l'actionnement de la touche 15 entre l'origine O et le point de course C2. En outre, ce deuxième exemple de réalisation permet dans une certaine mesure d'allonger la course de la touche 15 et d'absorber les dispersions géométriques de l'assemblage. L'allongement de la course de la touche 15 et la capacité d'absorption des dispersions sont favorisées par une faible raideur de plongeur 31, celui-ci se déformant alors facilement entre la touche 15 et l'interrupteur 13. Cependant, un plongeur 31 avec une faible raideur présente une moins bonne sensation tactile. La sensation tactile associée à la transition de l'interrupteur 13 de la position ouverte à la position fermée peut être représentée par le rapport R entre la différence d'effort ΔF entre les efforts minimal Fmin et maximal Fmax et la différence de course ΔC entre les points de course C2 et C3. Le rapport R peut être défini par la relation suivante : R = Fmax - Fmin C 3 - C 2 = ΔF ΔC

Figure imgb0001

Plus ce rapport R est important, autrement dit plus la pente moyenne de la courbe 24 entre les courses C2 et C3 est importante en valeur absolue, meilleure est la sensation tactile. En effet, un opérateur actionnant la touche 15 ressent plus fortement la transition de l'interrupteur 13 lorsque l'effort qu'il applique sur la touche 15 chute brutalement pour un léger déplacement de cette touche 15. Sur la figure 4, le fait que la sensation tactile d'un plongeur à forte raideur soit meilleure que celle d'un plongeur à faible raideur est clairement visible. En effet, pour une même différence d'effort ΔF, la différence de course ΔC1 entre les points de course C2 et C31 est supérieure à la différence de course ΔC2 entre les points de course C2 et C32. Ce phénomène est lié à une restitution plus rapide de l'énergie emmagasinée dans un plongeur 31 à forte raideur que dans un plongeur 31 à faible raideur. Par ailleurs, lors d'appuis décentrés sur la touche 15, c'est-à-dire lors d'appuis selon un axe faisant un angle avec l'axe X ou selon un axe parallèle à l'axe X mais sur un bord de la touche 15, l'interrupteur 13 risque de ne pas être actionné avec un plongeur 31 à faible raideur. En effet, le plongeur 31 risque de se déformer en flexion et d'emmagasiner l'énergie sans pouvoir la restituer suivant l'axe X pour activer l'interrupteur 13. En conclusion, pour ce deuxième exemple de réalisation, un compromis doit être trouvé sur la raideur du plongeur 31 pour, d'une part, avoir une capacité suffisante d'allongement et d'absorption des dispersions et, d'autre part, garantir l'activation de l'interrupteur 13 lors d'appuis décentrés sur la touche 15. En pratique, ce deuxième exemple de réalisation est surtout adapté à un faible allongement de la course de l'interrupteur 13 et nécessite une adaptation de la longueur de chaque plongeur 31 aux dispersions géométriques du clavier au niveau de chaque touche 15. Le réglage individuel des longueurs de plongeurs 31 est évidemment coûteux et rend cette réalisation inappropriée à une production en série de claviers.The figure 4 represents in the form of a graph similar to the figure 2 , the evolution of the force applied to the key 15 as a function of its stroke for the second embodiment. A first curve 41 represents the evolution of the force for a plunger 31 with low stiffness and a second curve 42 represents the evolution of the effort for a plunger 31 with greater stiffness. In this example, the race points C 2 and C 4 defined above are considered identical for the two curves 41 and 42. The running point C 3 is marked C 31 for the curve 41 and C 32 for the curve 42. second embodiment eliminates the clearance 21 between the lower end 151 of the key 15 and the switch 13. As a result, there is no break in stiffness when actuating the key 15 between the origin O and the race point C 2 . In addition, this second embodiment allows to a certain extent to lengthen the race of the key 15 and absorb the geometric dispersions of the assembly. The lengthening of the stroke of the key 15 and the absorption capacity of the dispersions are favored by a low stiffness of the plunger 31, which then easily deforms between the key 15 and the switch 13. However, a plunger 31 with a low stiffness has a less good tactile sensation. The tactile sensation associated with the transition of the switch 13 from the open position to the closed position can be represented by the ratio R between the force difference ΔF between the minimum forces F min and maximum F max and the travel difference ΔC between race points C 2 and C 3 . The ratio R can be defined by the following relation: R = Fmax - fmin VS 3 - VS 2 = .DELTA.F .DELTA.C
Figure imgb0001

The higher this ratio R is important, in other words the greater the average slope of the curve 24 between the races C 2 and C 3 is important in absolute value, the better is the tactile sensation. Indeed, an operator actuating the key 15 feels more strongly the transition of the switch 13 when the force it applies to the key 15 drops abruptly for a slight movement of the key 15. On the figure 4 the fact that the tactile sensation of a high-stiffness diver is better than that of a low-stiffness diver is clearly visible. Indeed, for the same force difference ΔF, the travel difference ΔC 1 between the race points C 2 and C 31 is greater than the travel difference ΔC 2 between the travel points C 2 and C 32 . This phenomenon is related to a faster return of the energy stored in a plunger 31 with high stiffness than in a plunger 31 low stiffness. Furthermore, when the eccentric supports on the key 15, that is to say when pressing along an axis making an angle with the X axis or along an axis parallel to the X axis but on an edge of the key 15, the switch 13 may not be operated with a plunger 31 low stiffness. Indeed, the plunger 31 may deform in flexion and store energy without being able to restore it along the X axis to activate the switch 13. In conclusion, for this second embodiment, a compromise must be found on the stiffness of the plunger 31 to, on the one hand, have a sufficient capacity for elongation and absorption of the dispersions and, on the other hand, to guarantee the activation of the switch 13 when pressing off-center on the key 15. In practice, this second example of embodiment is especially adapted to a weak lengthening the travel of the switch 13 and requires an adaptation of the length of each plunger 31 to the geometric dispersions of the keyboard at each key 15. The individual adjustment of the lengths of plungers 31 is obviously expensive and makes this implementation inappropriate to a mass production of keyboards.

Un but de l'invention est notamment de pallier les inconvénients précités en proposant un clavier de conception simple dont les touches 15 possèdent une longue course et une bonne sensation tactile. A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un clavier comportant un interrupteur à poussoir, une touche permettant de manoeuvrer l'interrupteur à poussoir suivant un axe de translation et un plongeur interposé entre la touche et l'interrupteur. Selon l'invention, une raideur du plongeur suivant l'axe de translation croît continument avec une augmentation de la compression du plongeur.An object of the invention is in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by providing a simple keyboard whose keys 15 have a long stroke and a good tactile sensation. For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a keyboard comprising a push-button switch, a button for operating the push-button switch along a translation axis and a plunger interposed between the button and the switch. According to the invention, a stiffness of the plunger along the translation axis increases continuously with an increase in the compression of the plunger.

L'invention a notamment pour avantage qu'elle permet de cumuler les avantages d'un clavier comportant un plongeur à faible raideur avec ceux d'un clavier comportant un plongeur à forte raideur pour un faible coût de production.The invention has the particular advantage that it allows to combine the advantages of a keyboard with a low stiffness plunger with those of a keyboard with a high stiffness plunger for low production cost.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée de modes de réalisation donnés à titre d'exemple, description faite en regard de dessins annexés qui représentent :

  • la figure 1, déjà décrite, un premier exemple de réalisation d'un clavier dans une vue en coupe selon un plan passant par une touche du clavier,
  • la figure 2, déjà décrite, l'évolution d'un effort appliqué sur la touche du clavier de la figure 1 en fonction d'une course de cette touche,
  • la figure 3, déjà décrite, un deuxième exemple de réalisation d'un clavier dans une vue analogue à celle de la figure 1,
  • la figure 4, déjà décrite, l'évolution de l'effort appliqué sur une touche du clavier de la figure 3 en fonction de sa course,
  • la figure 5, un exemple de réalisation d'un clavier selon l'invention dans une vue analogue à celle des figures 1 et 3,
  • la figure 6, l'évolution de l'effort appliqué sur une touche du clavier de la figure 5 en fonction de sa course pour une première forme de réalisation d'un clavier selon l'invention,
  • la figure 7, l'évolution de l'effort appliqué sur une touche du clavier de la figure 5 en fonction de sa course pour une deuxième forme de réalisation d'un clavier selon l'invention,
  • les figures 8A, 8B et 8C, des exemples de configuration d'un clavier selon la deuxième forme de réalisation,
  • la figure 9, l'évolution de l'effort appliqué sur une touche d'un clavier de la figure 8A, 8B ou 8C en fonction de sa course.
The invention will be better understood and other advantages will appear on reading the detailed description of embodiments given by way of example, a description given with regard to the appended drawings which represent:
  • the figure 1 , already described, a first embodiment of a keyboard in a sectional view along a plane passing through a key of the keyboard,
  • the figure 2 , already described, the evolution of an effort applied to the key of the keyboard of the figure 1 according to a stroke of this key,
  • the figure 3 , already described, a second embodiment of a keyboard in a view similar to that of the figure 1 ,
  • the figure 4 , already described, the evolution of the effort applied on a key of the keyboard of the figure 3 according to his race,
  • the figure 5 , an embodiment of a keyboard according to the invention in a view similar to that of figures 1 and 3 ,
  • the figure 6 , the evolution of the effort applied on a key of the keyboard of the figure 5 according to its stroke for a first embodiment of a keyboard according to the invention,
  • the figure 7 , the evolution of the effort applied on a key of the keyboard of the figure 5 according to its stroke for a second embodiment of a keyboard according to the invention,
  • the Figures 8A, 8B and 8C , examples of configuration of a keyboard according to the second embodiment,
  • the figure 9 , the evolution of the effort applied on a key of a keyboard of the FIG 8A, 8B or 8C according to his race.

La figure 5 représente un exemple de réalisation d'un clavier selon l'invention dans une vue en coupe analogue aux figures 1 et 3. Le clavier selon l'invention est similaire au deuxième exemple de réalisation, la principale différence se rapportant au plongeur 31. Selon l'invention, la raideur du plongeur 31 suivant l'axe X croît continument lors de l'appui sur la touche 15 avant l'actionnement de l'interrupteur 13. En d'autres termes, la raideur du plongeur 31 croît avec une augmentation de sa compression pour une course de la touche 15 précédant l'actionnement de l'interrupteur 13.The figure 5 represents an exemplary embodiment of a keyboard according to the invention in a sectional view similar to figures 1 and 3 . The keyboard according to the invention is similar to the second embodiment, the main difference relating to the plunger 31. According to the invention, the stiffness of the plunger 31 along the X axis increases continuously when pressing the front button 15 the actuation of the switch 13. In other words, the stiffness of the plunger 31 increases with an increase in its compression for a stroke of the key 15 preceding the actuation of the switch 13.

Selon une première forme de réalisation, la raideur du plongeur 31 croît continument jusqu'à atteindre un point de compression donné, la raideur restant constante au-delà de ce point de compression. Cette forme particulière de réalisation permet d'obtenir encore une meilleure sensation tactile. Le plongeur 31 est par exemple réalisé en une seule pièce de matériau homogène. Le plongeur 31 peut ainsi être réalisé par moulage de façon très économique. Le matériau est avantageusement un élastomère tel que de la silicone. Pour permettre d'obtenir à la fois une bonne sensation tactile et une grande capacité de déformation du plongeur 31, et donc d'allongement de la course de l'interrupteur 13 et d'absorption des dispersions géométriques du clavier, la dureté de l'élastomère peut être comprise entre 60 et 80 Shore A. Elle est par exemple de 70 Shore A. La présente description se rapporte à un clavier comportant une seule touche 15. Bien entendu, le clavier peut comporter plusieurs touches 15 et, en particulier, un plongeur 31 tel que décrit ci-dessus pour chaque touche 15 du clavier.According to a first embodiment, the stiffness of the plunger 31 increases continuously until reaching a given compression point, the stiffness remaining constant beyond this point of compression. This particular embodiment makes it possible to obtain a better tactile sensation. The plunger 31 is for example made of a single piece of homogeneous material. The plunger 31 can thus be produced by molding in a very economical manner. The material is advantageously an elastomer such as silicone. To enable both a good tactile sensation and a large deformation capacity of the plunger 31 to be obtained, and thus to increase the travel of the switch 13 and to absorb the geometric dispersions of the keyboard, the hardness of the The elastomer may be between 60 and 80 Shore A. It is for example 70 Shore A. The present description relates to a keyboard with a single key 15. Of course, the keyboard may comprise several keys 15 and, in particular, a plunger 31 as described above for each key 15 of the keyboard.

La figure 6 représente, sous forme d'un graphe analogue aux graphes des figures 2 et 4, l'évolution de l'effort appliqué sur une touche 15 du clavier de la figure 5 en fonction de la course de cette touche 15 pour la première forme de réalisation de l'invention. L'évolution de l'effort est représentée par une courbe 61. Sur cette courbe 61, il est possible de voir que le plongeur 31 est précontraint entre l'extrémité inférieure 151 de la touche 15 et l'interrupteur 13, l'ordonnée à l'origine F0 de la courbe 61 étant supérieure à zéro. Il est également possible de voir que, sur une première partie 611 de la courbe 61, la raideur de la touche 15, représentée par la pente de la courbe 61, augmente progressivement sans discontinuité. Sur une deuxième partie 612 de la courbe 61, la réaction de l'interrupteur 13 devient prépondérante sur celle du plongeur 31, la déflexion de l'interrupteur 13 étant amorcée. Cette partie 612 de la courbe 61 comporte le point d'effort maximal Fmax pouvant être appliqué sur la touche 15 avant que l'interrupteur 13 n'établisse un contact électrique. Cet effort maximal Fmax se produit au point de course C2. Sur une troisième partie 613 de la courbe 61, l'effort chute brutalement avec la poursuite de la déflexion de l'interrupteur 13 jusqu'à atteindre l'effort minimal Fmin au point de course C3. L'effort peut ensuite augmenter jusqu'à atteindre la butée mécanique de la touche 15 au point de course C4. La différence de course ΔC entre les points de course C2 et C3 est du même ordre de grandeur que la différence de course ΔC2 observée pour un plongeur 31 à forte raideur. Ce phénomène s'explique par le fait que, juste avant la déflexion de l'interrupteur 13, le plongeur 31 est fortement comprimé et se caractérise ainsi par une forte raideur. Par conséquent, le rapport R est important et la touche 15 présente une bonne sensation tactile.The figure 6 represents, in the form of a graph similar to the graphs of figures 2 and 4 , the evolution of the effort applied on a key 15 of the keyboard of the figure 5 according to the stroke of this key 15 for the first embodiment of the invention. The evolution of the force is represented by a curve 61. On this curve 61, it is possible to see that the plunger 31 is prestressed between the lower end 151 of the key 15 and the switch 13, the ordinate to the origin F 0 of the curve 61 being greater than zero. It is also possible to see that, on a first portion 611 of the curve 61, the stiffness of the key 15, represented by the slope of the curve 61, increases progressively without discontinuity. On a second portion 612 of the curve 61, the reaction of the switch 13 becomes preponderant over that of the plunger 31, the deflection of the switch 13 being initiated. This portion 612 of the curve 61 comprises the point of maximum effort F max that can be applied to the key 15 before the switch 13 establishes an electrical contact. This maximum effort F max occurs at the race point C 2 . On a third portion 613 of the curve 61, the force drops sharply with the continued deflection of the switch 13 to reach the minimum effort F min at the stroke point C 3 . The force can then increase until it reaches the mechanical stop of the key 15 at the travel point C 4 . The difference in stroke ΔC between the race points C 2 and C 3 is of the same order of magnitude as the difference in stroke ΔC 2 observed for a plunger 31 with high stiffness. This phenomenon is explained by the fact that, just before the deflection of the switch 13, the plunger 31 is strongly compressed and is thus characterized by a high stiffness. Therefore, the ratio R is important and the key 15 has a good tactile sensation.

Selon une deuxième forme de réalisation, le plongeur 31 présente deux raideurs constantes distinctes. En l'occurrence, il présente une raideur faible k1 en début de compression et une raideur plus forte k2 en fin de compression. La faible raideur k1 permet, par sa grande capacité de déformation, d'absorber les dispersions géométriques et d'allonger la course de la touche, et la forte raideur k2 permet d'obtenir une bonne sensation tactile.According to a second embodiment, the plunger 31 has two distinct constant stiffnesses. In this case, it has a low stiffness k 1 at the beginning of compression and stiffness stronger k 2 at the end of compression. The low stiffness k 1 allows, by its high deformation capacity, to absorb the geometric dispersions and lengthen the stroke of the key, and the high stiffness k 2 provides a good tactile sensation.

Un plongeur 31 dont la raideur croît avec sa compression peut notamment être réalisé par une forme appropriée du plongeur 31. Selon l'invention, le plongeur 31 comporte un évidement 63, comme représenté à la figure 5. Cet évidement 63 permet de définir une partie supérieure 31 a du plongeur 31 et une partie inférieure 31 b du plongeur 31, la partie supérieure 31 a correspondant à la portion du plongeur 31 comprenant l'évidement. Le plongeur 31 et/ou l'évidement 63 peuvent être de révolution suivant l'axe X. Selon une forme particulière de réalisation, représentée à la figure 5, le plongeur 31 et/ou l'évidement 63 sont cylindriques.A plunger 31 whose stiffness increases with its compression can in particular be achieved by a suitable form of the plunger 31. According to the invention, the plunger 31 comprises a recess 63, as shown in FIG. figure 5 . This recess 63 defines an upper portion 31a of the plunger 31 and a lower portion 31b of the plunger 31, the upper portion 31a corresponding to the portion of the plunger 31 comprising the recess. The plunger 31 and / or the recess 63 may be of revolution along the axis X. According to a particular embodiment, represented in FIG. figure 5 the plunger 31 and / or the recess 63 are cylindrical.

Selon une forme de réalisation particulièrement avantageuse, l'évidement 63 est utilisé afin de fixer le plongeur 31 à la touche 15. La touche 15 comporte alors un ergot 152 dont la forme est complémentaire à celle d'une partie supérieure 63a de l'évidement 63. Le plongeur 31 est emmanché sur l'ergot 152 et y est maintenu par déformation élastique. Les hauteurs relatives de l'ergot 152 et de l'évidement 63 selon l'axe X sont déterminées de manière à laisser un espace vide 63b entre l'ergot 152 et le fond de l'évidement 63. La hauteur de cet espace vide 63b est par exemple comprise entre cinq et quinze dixièmes de millimètre pour une hauteur totale du plongeur 31 par exemple comprise entre trois et quatre millimètres. La hauteur de l'espace vide 63b est déterminée par un calcul de la dispersion géométrique moyenne de l'assemblage du clavier et la connaissance de la course de touche 15 nécessaire. C'est la présence de l'espace vide 63 qui permet de modifier la raideur du plongeur 31 avec sa compression.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the recess 63 is used to fix the plunger 31 to the key 15. The key 15 then comprises a lug 152 whose shape is complementary to that of an upper portion 63a of the recess 63. The plunger 31 is fitted on the lug 152 and is held there by elastic deformation. The relative heights of the lug 152 and the recess 63 along the X axis are determined so as to leave a gap 63b between the lug 152 and the bottom of the recess 63. The height of this empty space 63b is for example between five and fifteen tenths of a millimeter for a total height of the plunger 31 for example between three and four millimeters. The height of the void space 63b is determined by a calculation of the average geometric dispersion of the keyboard assembly and the knowledge of the key stroke required. It is the presence of the empty space 63 which makes it possible to modify the stiffness of the plunger 31 with its compression.

La figure 7 représente, sous forme d'un graphe analogue aux graphes des figures 2, 4 et 6, l'évolution de l'effort appliqué sur une touche du clavier de la figure 5 en fonction de sa course pour la deuxième forme de réalisation de l'invention. L'évolution de l'effort est représentée par une courbe 71. A l'origine de la course de la touche 15, la partie supérieure 31 a du plongeur 31 supporte la majeure partie de la déformation du plongeur 31. Cette partie supérieure 31 a présente en effet une raideur initiale k1 inférieure à une raideur k2 de la partie inférieure 31 b. Au-delà d'un certain point de course C1, correspondant à la hauteur de l'espace vide 63b, l'ergot 152 entre en contact avec le fond de l'évidement 63. La déformation supplémentaire du plongeur 31 est alors essentiellement supportée par la partie inférieure 31 b qui présente la raideur constante k2. Sur la figure 7, ce phénomène se traduit par un premier segment 711 de pente k1 entre l'origine et le point de course C1 et par un deuxième segment 712 de pente k2 entre le point de course C1 et le point de course C2 pour lequel se produit l'effort maximal avant que l'interrupteur 13 n'établisse un contact électrique. Sur la figure 7, la transition entre la raideur k1 et la raideur k2 est brutale. Cependant, il est possible d'obtenir une transition plus lisse.The figure 7 represents, in the form of a graph similar to the graphs of figures 2 , 4 and 6 , the evolution of the effort applied on a key of the keyboard of the figure 5 according to its stroke for the second embodiment of the invention. The evolution of the force is represented by a curve 71. At the origin of the stroke of the key 15, the upper part 31a of the plunger 31 bears the major part of the deformation of the plunger 31. This upper part 31a indeed has an initial stiffness k 1 less than a stiffness k 2 of the lower part 31 b. Beyond a certain race point C 1 , corresponding to the height of the empty space 63b, the pin 152 between in contact with the bottom of the recess 63. The additional deformation of the plunger 31 is then substantially supported by the lower portion 31b which has the constant stiffness k 2 . On the figure 7 this phenomenon results in a first segment 711 of slope k 1 between the origin and the travel point C 1 and a second segment 712 of slope k 2 between the travel point C 1 and the travel point C 2 for which occurs the maximum force before the switch 13 establishes an electrical contact. On the figure 7 , the transition between the stiffness k 1 and the stiffness k 2 is brutal. However, it is possible to obtain a smoother transition.

Les figures 8A, 8B et 8C illustrent des exemples de configuration de touche et de plongeur conformes à la deuxième forme de réalisation et dans lesquels la transition entre les deux raideurs k1 et k2 est lissée. Selon un premier exemple de configuration, représenté sur la figure 8A, l'ergot 152 de la touche 15 présente une forme bombée venant en contact avec le fond de l'évidement 63. Sur cette figure, le fond de l'évidement 63 est plat. Selon un deuxième exemple de configuration, représenté sur la figure 8B, c'est le fond de l'évidement 63 du plongeur 31 qui présente une forme bombée, la partie de l'ergot 152 venant en contact avec le fond de l'évidement 63 présentant une forme plane. Selon un troisième exemple de configuration, représenté sur la figure 8C, à la fois l'ergot 152 et le fond de l'évidement 63 présentent une forme bombée. Sur les figures 8A, 8B, 8C, on a considéré que le lissage de la transition entre les deux raideurs k1 et k2 était assuré par une forme bombée. Bien entendu, toute forme assurant une augmentation progressive de la surface de contact entre la touche 15 et le fond de l'évidement 63 peut être réalisée dans le cadre de l'invention.The Figures 8A, 8B and 8C illustrate exemplary key and plunger configurations according to the second embodiment and wherein the transition between the two stiffnesses k 1 and k 2 is smoothed. According to a first configuration example, represented on the figure 8A , the lug 152 of the key 15 has a convex shape coming into contact with the bottom of the recess 63. In this figure, the bottom of the recess 63 is flat. According to a second configuration example, represented on the Figure 8B it is the bottom of the recess 63 of the plunger 31 which has a convex shape, the part of the lug 152 coming into contact with the bottom of the recess 63 having a flat shape. According to a third configuration example, represented on the Figure 8C both the lug 152 and the bottom of the recess 63 have a convex shape. On the Figures 8A, 8B, 8C it has been considered that the smoothing of the transition between the two stiffnesses k 1 and k 2 is ensured by a curved shape. Of course, any form ensuring a gradual increase in the contact surface between the key 15 and the bottom of the recess 63 may be made within the scope of the invention.

La figure 9 représente, sous forme d'un graphe analogue aux graphes des figures 2, 4, 6 et 7, l'évolution de l'effort appliqué sur une touche du clavier en fonction de sa course conforme aux exemples de configuration des figures 8A, 8B, 8C. L'évolution de l'effort est représentée par une courbe 91. Par rapport à la courbe 71, la courbe 91 se distingue essentiellement en ce qu'elle comporte une portion de courbe 92 reliant le premier segment 711 de pente k1 au deuxième segment 712 de pente k2 au voisinage du point de course C1.The figure 9 represents, in the form of a graph similar to the graphs of figures 2 , 4 , 6 and 7 , the evolution of the force applied on a key of the keyboard according to its course according to the examples of configuration of the Figures 8A, 8B, 8C . The evolution of the force is represented by a curve 91. With respect to the curve 71, the curve 91 is essentially distinguished in that it comprises a portion of curve 92 connecting the first segment 711 of slope k 1 to the second segment 712 of slope k 2 in the vicinity of the race point C 1 .

Le plongeur 31 selon l'invention peut être déformé élastiquement de manière importante dans sa partie supérieure 31 a. Il permet donc une longue course de touche 15 et une grande capacité d'absorption des dispersions du clavier. En l'occurrence, il n'est pas nécessaire d'adapter la longueur des différents plongeurs 31 aux dispersions géométriques du clavier au niveau de chaque touche 15. Les plongeurs 31 peuvent avoir des dimensions standard. Le plongeur 31 présente en outre une forte raideur dans sa partie inférieure 31 b. Il offre ainsi une bonne sensation tactile.The plunger 31 according to the invention can be elastically deformed substantially in its upper part 31a. It thus allows a long stroke of touch and a great capacity of absorption of the dispersions of the keyboard. In this case, it is not necessary to adapt the length of the various plungers 31 to the geometric dispersions of the keyboard at each key 15. The plungers 31 may have standard dimensions. The plunger 31 also has a high stiffness in its lower portion 31b. It offers a good tactile sensation.

Claims (12)

  1. A keypad comprising a push button switch (13), a key (15) for moving said push button switch (13) along a translation axis (X) and a plunger (31) interposed between said key (15) and said switch (13), wherein a stiffness of said plunger (31) along said translation axis (X) increases with a travel of said key (15) before the activation of said switch (13), with said plunger (31) comprising a recess (63), characterised in that a portion of said plunger (31) that comprises said recess (63) which defines an upper part (31a) of said plunger that has a first stiffness (k1) and a remaining portion of said plunger (31) which defines a lower part (31b) of said plunger that has a second stiffness (k2) at the source of the travel of said key (15), said second stiffness (k2) being higher than said first stiffness (k1), with said plunger (31) being substantially deformed at said upper part (31a) of said plunger and beyond a point of travel (C1) at which said key (15) makes contact with the bottom of said recess (63), with said plunger (31) being substantially deformed at said lower part (31b) of said plunger (31), the stiffness of said plunger (31) thus increasing from the first to the second stiffness.
  2. The keypad according to claim 1, characterised in that said first and second stiffnesses (k1, k2) are substantially constant.
  3. The keypad according to claim 2, characterised in that it comprises means for providing a progressive transition between said first stiffness (k1) and said second stiffness (k2) along the travel of said key (15).
  4. The keypad according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said plunger (31) is produced from a single piece of homogenous material.
  5. The keypad according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said plunger (31) is made of an elastomer material.
  6. The keypad according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said plunger (31) is cylindrical.
  7. The keypad according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said recess (63) is cylindrical.
  8. The keypad according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said key (15) comprises a lug (152), the shape of which is complementary to that of an upper part (63a) of said recess (63), said lug (152) being inserted into said upper part (63a) of said recess (63).
  9. The keypad according to claim 8 in combination with claim 3, characterised in that said lug (152) or the bottom of said recess (63) has a shape that provides a progressive increase of a contact surface between said key (15) and the bottom of said recess (63), with said lug (152) or the bottom of said recess (63) forming the means for providing a progressive transition between said first stiffness (k1) and said second stiffness (k2) along the travel of said key (15).
  10. The keypad according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it comprises a front face (11) integral with said switch (13) and comprising an opening (14) that is traversed by said key (15) and means (19, 20) for limiting a travel of said key (15) on the opposite side of said switch (13), said plunger (31) being pre-stressed between said key (15) and said switch (13).
  11. The keypad according to claim 10, characterised in that said means (19, 20) for limiting the travel of said key (15) comprise:
    - a shoulder (20) on said key (15); and
    - a counterbore (19) realised on said front face (11).
  12. The keypad according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a hardness of the material of said plunger (31) is between 60 and 80 Shore A.
EP09823100.4A 2008-10-28 2009-09-23 Keypad with long key travel and improved touch feeling Active EP2342728B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0805986A FR2937789B1 (en) 2008-10-28 2008-10-28 KEYBOARD WITH LONG TOUCH STROKE AND IMPROVED TOUCH SENSATION
PCT/EP2009/062301 WO2010049219A1 (en) 2008-10-28 2009-09-23 Keypad with long key travel and improved touch feeling

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2342728A1 EP2342728A1 (en) 2011-07-13
EP2342728B1 true EP2342728B1 (en) 2014-12-10

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09823100.4A Active EP2342728B1 (en) 2008-10-28 2009-09-23 Keypad with long key travel and improved touch feeling

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US (1) US8541707B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2342728B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2741733C (en)
FR (1) FR2937789B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2010049219A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013069084A1 (en) * 2011-11-07 2013-05-16 株式会社ソニー・コンピュータエンタテインメント Manipulator and manipulation device
JP5615886B2 (en) * 2012-10-17 2014-10-29 株式会社東海理化電機製作所 Operating device
FR3024251B1 (en) 2014-07-25 2017-11-24 Thales Sa SECURING A DATA ENTRY DEVICE
CN112189246A (en) * 2018-05-24 2021-01-05 松下知识产权经营株式会社 Push switch
DE102019005800A1 (en) 2019-08-17 2021-02-18 Kostal Automobil Elektrik Gmbh & Co. Kg Electric push button switch

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5411480A (en) * 1977-06-29 1979-01-27 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd Pushbutton switch
US4362911A (en) * 1980-09-17 1982-12-07 Ncr Corporation Membrane keyboard switch assembly having selectable tactile properties
JPS6233123U (en) * 1985-08-14 1987-02-27
US4831223A (en) * 1987-03-25 1989-05-16 Jelco Co. Ltd. Push-button switch
DE68922654T2 (en) * 1988-03-31 1995-10-05 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd Push button switch.
JPH01264125A (en) 1988-04-13 1989-10-20 Brother Ind Ltd Depressing key switch
CH677552A5 (en) 1989-04-10 1991-05-31 Sulzer Ag
FR2659459B1 (en) * 1990-03-08 1993-11-26 Sextant Avionique TOUCH EFFECT KEY AND KEYBOARD USING THE SAME.
US5389757A (en) * 1993-06-15 1995-02-14 Digital Equipment Corporation Elastomeric key switch actuator
JP4039030B2 (en) * 2001-10-29 2008-01-30 松下電器産業株式会社 Push-on switch
KR20040043896A (en) * 2002-11-20 2004-05-27 삼성전자주식회사 Push button

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2937789A1 (en) 2010-04-30
US8541707B2 (en) 2013-09-24
CA2741733A1 (en) 2010-05-06
US20110214974A1 (en) 2011-09-08
CA2741733C (en) 2016-12-20
EP2342728A1 (en) 2011-07-13
FR2937789B1 (en) 2010-12-31
WO2010049219A1 (en) 2010-05-06

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