EP2337879B1 - A device for collection of hot gas from an electrolysis process, and a method for gas collection with said device - Google Patents

A device for collection of hot gas from an electrolysis process, and a method for gas collection with said device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2337879B1
EP2337879B1 EP09814835.6A EP09814835A EP2337879B1 EP 2337879 B1 EP2337879 B1 EP 2337879B1 EP 09814835 A EP09814835 A EP 09814835A EP 2337879 B1 EP2337879 B1 EP 2337879B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
accordance
collection
cell
suction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP09814835.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2337879A4 (en
EP2337879A1 (en
Inventor
Morten Karlsen
Are DYRØY
Tore ØREN
Odd-Arne Lorentsen
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Norsk Hydro ASA
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Norsk Hydro ASA
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Publication of EP2337879A4 publication Critical patent/EP2337879A4/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/22—Collecting emitted gases

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for collection off gases in an electrolysis cell, in particular a cell for aluminium production.
  • the superstructure above the cell has several individual point feeders connected to the cell superstructure.
  • the gas collection system has several suction points distributed along the process gas duct, located in the top of the superstructure, but as a separate system adjacent to the alumina feeding system. Since at least one anode normally has to be replaced by a new anode every day, modern prebake cells has a superstructure with many lids covering the area between the cathode and the gas skirt located just below the anode beam to prevent the flue gases from entering the potroom.
  • the air entering the inside the superstructure also provides air cooling of the upper part of the cell with its installed equipment (pneumatical-, electrical- and electronical- equipment).
  • the air entering the inside the superstructure also provides air cooling of the upper part of the cell with its installed equipment (pneumatical-, electrical- and electronical- equipment).
  • PTS Pot Tending Suction
  • efficient flue gas collection can be obtained during this operation by increasing the suction volume significantly by setting the cell into Pot Tending Suction (PTS) mode for instance via a separate suction string.
  • PTS Pot Tending Suction
  • the gas suction can change from normal to PTS, and the increased suction volume enables handling the anode replacements with several lids removed from the cell without any flue gases entering the potroom, i.e maintaining the negative pressure inside the cell super structure.
  • Feeding alumina to an electrolysis cell was performed more than a century ago by manually breaking the top crust of alumina and feeding alumina powder to the cell.
  • the crust breakage was later done by a crust breaking wheel, than a crust breaker beam and finally an electronically controlled point crust breaker, which is being installed at basically all new smelters being built. Hence, point feeding is therefore considered state of the art.
  • the present invention generally relates to gas collection, preferably with an alumina feeder integrated.
  • the invention relates to a method of collection of concentrated process gas for further treatment.
  • this device enables collection of process gas with enough elevated temperatures suitable for heat-recovery, such as flue gas that has a temperature of more than 100°C, preferably more than 150°C.
  • Cooling the process gas will contribute to reduced gas flow rate and pressure drop, with reduced fan power as a consequence.
  • the largest reduction in pressure drop is achieved by cooling the process gas as close to the aluminium cells as possible.
  • the energy content of the process gas can be recovered in a heat exchanger (heat recovery systems) in which the process gas gives off heat (is cooled) to another fluid suitable for the application in question.
  • the heat recovery system can be located:
  • Cooling of the raw gas upstream the fans in combination with heat recovery is a solution that will reduce both the process gas volume flow rate and the pressure drop in channel system and gas cleaning plant.
  • the suction can thereby be increased without the need of changing the dimensions of channels and gas cleaning plant.
  • the heat recovered from the process gas is available as process heat for various heating and processing purposes, like CO 2 sequestration.
  • the present suction device for gas collection is able to obtain an efficient collection of the flue gases produced in the cell without alumina or anode cover material (ACM) entering the suction device.
  • ACM anode cover material
  • US Patent 4,770,752 from 1988 describes a system where the gas collection cap is placed in contact with the crust in correspondence of a hole provided in the crust.
  • the purpose of this invention is to collect the flue gases from the cell for purification of fluoride components by alumina and thereafter return the alumina and the fluorides to the cell again by a separate alumina feeder. CO 2 scrubbing and heat recovery are not mentioned except from preheating the alumina.
  • This invention has a limitation with respect to maintenance and possible damages occurring during anode replacements since the cap is situated so close to the anodes and the crust. There is no indication of any plant which utilised this invention, supporting the said drawbacks.
  • JP Patent 57174483 from 1981 describes a method and device for continuous measurement of current efficiency of an aluminium electrolysis cell.
  • the purpose is to measure current efficiency quickly and continuously and to control supplying of raw materials by collecting the gases produced from the cell continuously, measuring the concentrations of CO 2 and CO successively, converting these to electrical signals and inputting the signals to a controller.
  • the collection device is not fully described but seems to be situated in contact with the crust with the drawbacks just described.
  • US Patent 4, 770, 752 from 1988 describes a system where a cap is placed in contact with the crust in correspondence of a hole provided in the crust.
  • the purpose of this invention is to collect the flue gases from the cell for purification of fluorine components by alumina situated close to the cell and thereafter feed the alumina and said components directly back into the same cell from which they have been emitted.
  • US Patent 5,968,334 describes removal of at least one of the gases CF 4 and C 2 F 6 from the flue gases from an electrolysis cell using a membrane.
  • WO 01/36716 relates to an increased suction arrangement for aluminium electrolysis cells of Hall-Héroult type. In normal operation a standardized quantity of process gas is extracted, while in service operations where covers of the anode superstructure are opened, an increased quantity of gas is removed.
  • the removal of process gas is made by openings arranged in the upper part of the superstructure, and in standardized mode a certain amount of air from the surroundings is allowed to enter into the superstructure due to the underpressure inside it. As one or more covers are opened or removed an increased amount of process gas is removed to ensure that as little process gas as possible is allowed to leak out of the superstructure to the surroundings. It is also proposed to install a central flow director to enhance the flow pattern in situations where covers are opened or removed.
  • the present invention relates further to the principles of Distributed Pot Suction (DPS) where one can combine feeding the raw material alumina to the cell and at the same time extract a more CO 2 -concentrated flue gas from a hole in the top crust in the cell than what is standard procedure in the aluminium industry today.
  • DPS Distributed Pot Suction
  • the suction can also be arranged at other places above the crust in the cell, if appropriate.
  • a device for collection of hot gas from an electrolysis process producing metals in a cell comprising a collection cap located above a gas evolving area, where the collection cap is connected to a gas evacuating system that generates suction flow, characterised in that the gas collection cap has at least two inlets for the gas to be collected, where one first inner inlet is surrounded by a second inlet.
  • the invention further relates to a method for collection of hot gas from an electrolysis process in a cell that among other gases evolves CO 2 gas, by using said device, characterised in that the gas is collected in close vicinity of a crust through which the gas evolves so that the composition of the collected process gas includes at least 0,5-10% CO 2 .
  • DPS distributed pot suction device
  • One of the prototypes designed during the development of the invention had a single wall collection cap 4' (see the CFD modelling results of the collection efficiency in Figure 2 ).
  • Another version of the suction cap 4 had double walls (see Figure 3 ) where the suction velocity between the double walls is significantly higher than in the centre. Thicker lines indicate higher suction rates.
  • the suction for the DPS that is introduced through the dedicated duct 2 may preferably be connected retrofit to an existing feeder, or alternatively it could also be part of a new assembly replacing an existing feeder.
  • the alumina may be feed from a fluidised feeder but also mechanical feeders.
  • the gas When the gas is drawn through the duct 2, it will be collected into a main duct/manifold on the pot superstructure conveying gas from all feed points (not shown).
  • the gas is from this transition points transported to the fume treatment systems (i.e. Fluoride recovery, and SO 2 removal) and introduced from there to any commercial CO 2 scrubbing system able to handle the actual concentrations of CO 2 or as input to combustion systems such as gas turbines, coal power plants or biomass combustion plant.
  • the main collection duct for DPS points on the superstructure can be closed, and the main ducts in the pot superstructure is activated to support pot tending suction (PTS) from the pot (i.e. increasing the pot suction volume 2-4 times higher than normal.
  • PTS pot tending suction
  • the up-concentrated process gas is hotter than normal which makes it suitable for heat recovery.
  • the warmer gas may damage the superstructure and electronics placed there.
  • One way to solve this new challenge is to thermally insulate the components of the gas-collection systems within the superstructure and to the place where the heat recovery can take place outside the cell.
  • Another alternative can be to arrange the gas collection caps and its corresponding ducting with some space with regard to other installations inside the superstructure of the cell.
  • Process gases from several cells can be connected to the same heat recovery unit.
  • the process gas is then sent for classical fume treatment, removing dust, HF and SO 2 .
  • the flue gas might has to be purified sufficiently not to damage these process steps.
  • the main features of one embodiment of the present invention consist in the integration of the point suction system with the alumina point feeder having a crust breaker.
  • the step forward caused by the DPS is changed composition and increased temperature of the collected process gas.
  • the gas collected by the DPS will contain much less "false air” and consequently have higher concentration of hazardous gases (Fluoride, SO x , and CO 2 ), This will ease the fluoride recovery and SO x removal.
  • the aim is to increase the concentration of CO 2 to such a level that commercial available CO 2 scrubbing technologies can be utilised to remove it. Also, because of the smaller amount of air and installation straight above the feeding points the collected off-gas has increased temperature compared to the regular process gas, which increases the potential for heat exchange.
  • process gas collection cap could be customised for any type of point feeder, and also be arranged in the vicinity of such feeder without being an integrated part of it.
  • the suction in duct 2 in figure 1 is split into two independent suction flows that can be regulated, where the suction from the space 11 between the inner- and outer walls 14, 13, and the suction at the inside 12 of the cap 4 can be independently regulated. See also Fig. 4 .
  • the inner wall 14 of the suction cap 4 can be both solid and perforated, i.e. provided with holes or not (not shown).
  • the walls of the suction cap 4 can be angled outwards in such a way that the suction velocity vector can be aimed in any angle between 0-180 degrees downwards towards the crust.
  • Fig. 5a it is disclosed, in a cross sectional view, a second embodiment of a DPS, integrated with a point feeder (PF).
  • PF point feeder
  • an inner wall 28 shaped as a rectangular sleeve
  • an outer wall 26 also shaped as a rectangular sleeve.
  • the space between the inner and outer walls defines a suction space between these two walls, with inlet 15.
  • the inner wall extends closer towards the crust than outer wall, and has suction inlet 16.
  • Fig. 5b discloses in a side view the DPS as shown in Fig. 5a , rotated 90 degrees about its length axis.
  • the outer wall 26, outlet 22 and 22' and a manifold plate 30 In this view there is shown the outer wall 26, outlet 22 and 22' and a manifold plate 30.
  • the manifold plate is shown in more detail in an enlarged view, in Fig. 5c .
  • the purpose of the manifold plate is to distribute the suction through outlet 22, 22' evenly into the space between the outer and inner walls. This is achieved by the arrangement of appropriate openings, O, O', O", O"' or slots through the plate.
  • the plate has further openings for the alumina feed tube 23' and one stem of the point feeder PF.
  • the lower part of the outer wall 26 may be provided with a diverging deflector (not shown).
  • the deflector can be represented by a plate shaped part at all sides of the wall, and preferably having an angle ⁇ with regard to the horizontal plane. The purpose of the deflector is to assist the guiding of the flow of gases that is sucked into the gas cap.
  • the angle ⁇ may preferably be of magnitude 30 - 60 °.
  • a dust trap 29 in the inner part of the cap to avoid alumina and other particular constituents to follow the sucked off gas further into the gas evacuating system.
  • the dust trap in such an embodiment can be represented by one or more slots 29 in the inner wall, i.e. the wall dividing the space between the double walls from the inner space of the suction cap.
  • the slot is arranged near the top wall of the inner space in the cap, and in such manner that when suction is applied to the annular space, there will be a suction of gas through said slot.
  • the effective gas flow opening of the slots can be designed in a manner where a suction in the space between the outer- and inner walls also will generate an appropriate suction inside the space defined by the inner wall, thus defining a relationship between the suction rate of inlet 15 versus inlet 16.
  • the cross sectional area between the inner wall and the outer wall is increasing downstream a flow from the second inlet 15, thus reducing gas velocity.
  • the suction cap is preferably placed at a distance from the crust allowing the anodes to pass beneath it during anode change.
  • the cap is placed at a minimum distance to the crust depending on the suction rate.
  • the distance is in order 10 to 1000 mm.
  • the distance has to take into account the pickup velocity for alumina/anode cover material (ACM) which is in order of 7 metres per second, hence the said distance between the cap and the top of the crust should ensure that this level of velocities at the surface of the crust is not reached.
  • ACM alumina/anode cover material
  • This embodiment of DPS is designed to separate by physical measures the hot gas to be sucked off and the technical parts of the crust breaker as much as possible, to induce as little thermal stress as possible to vital parts of the crust breaker.
  • Fig. 6 there is disclosed a diagram that shows the CO 2 concentration in a cell with traditional flue gas collection from inside the cell superstructure.
  • Fig. 7 there is disclosed a diagram that shows the CO 2 concentration under varying conditions from "normal” to the left, to “pure DPS collection “to the right.
  • Fig. 8 is a diagram that shows a schematic flow pattern in a cell, based upon five DPS units in the cell, seen from above. The arrows indicate the gas flow pattern above the crust, which is clearly directed towards the individual suction points.
  • Fig. 9 there is shown the pressure distribution / gas flow in an electrolysis cell of commonly known type with evacuation "E" of process gas in the top of the cells' superstructure.
  • evacuation "E” evacuation of process gas
  • the cell is in a normal operation modus of a cell with closed superstructure, and all lids closed.
  • Fig. 10 there is shown a pressure distribution in an electrolysis cell with evacuation "E" of process gas in accordance with the present invention by means of five DPS units and with no suction in the top of the superstructure.
  • the cell is in a normal operation modus of a cell with closed superstructure.
  • CO 2 capture and storage in accordance with the present invention can in one embodiment be performed in the following steps:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
EP09814835.6A 2008-09-19 2009-09-17 A device for collection of hot gas from an electrolysis process, and a method for gas collection with said device Active EP2337879B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20084014A NO332375B1 (no) 2008-09-19 2008-09-19 Punktmater med integrert avgassoppsamling samt en fremgangsmate for avgassoppsamling
PCT/NO2009/000324 WO2010033037A1 (en) 2008-09-19 2009-09-17 A device for collection of hot gas from an electrolysis process, and a method for gas collection with said device

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2337879A1 EP2337879A1 (en) 2011-06-29
EP2337879A4 EP2337879A4 (en) 2014-09-24
EP2337879B1 true EP2337879B1 (en) 2016-12-14

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EP09814835.6A Active EP2337879B1 (en) 2008-09-19 2009-09-17 A device for collection of hot gas from an electrolysis process, and a method for gas collection with said device

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EP (1) EP2337879B1 (no)
CN (1) CN102197164B (no)
AU (1) AU2009292735B2 (no)
BR (1) BRPI0918929B1 (no)
CA (1) CA2737240C (no)
EA (1) EA019844B1 (no)
NO (2) NO332375B1 (no)
NZ (1) NZ591699A (no)
WO (1) WO2010033037A1 (no)
ZA (1) ZA201102085B (no)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018137025A1 (fr) * 2017-01-24 2018-08-02 Rio Tinto Alcan International Limited Dispositif d'alimentation en alumine d'une cuve d'electrolyse
NO20190343A1 (en) * 2019-03-14 2020-09-15 Norsk Hydro As Arrangement for collection of hot gas from an electrolysis process, and a method for such gas collection
WO2023206892A1 (zh) * 2022-04-29 2023-11-02 沈阳北冶冶金科技有限公司 一种收集铝电解槽高温阳极气体的方法

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FR2959137B1 (fr) * 2010-04-23 2015-07-03 Solios Environnement Systeme et procede de traitement avec concentration des fumees et gaz produits par une cuve d'electrolyse lors de la fabrication d'aluminium
CN102776531A (zh) * 2011-05-09 2012-11-14 贵阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 铝电解槽的火眼集气装置
CN102628170A (zh) * 2011-10-18 2012-08-08 高伟 埋设式氧化铝加料装置
CN102628171B (zh) * 2012-04-26 2014-09-10 北京世纪源博科技股份有限公司 一种铝电解槽电解煤气热转化装置
NZ745606A (en) 2014-06-09 2019-06-28 Bechtel Mining & Metals Inc Integrated gas treatment
WO2019041006A1 (en) * 2017-08-31 2019-03-07 Caete Engenharia Ltda APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING AND PREHEATING ALUMINA
RU2668617C1 (ru) * 2017-11-20 2018-10-02 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенная Компания РУСАЛ Инженерно-технологический центр" Устройство для сбора и удаления газов в алюминиевом электролизере
RU186730U1 (ru) * 2018-03-05 2019-01-31 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенная Компания РУСАЛ Инженерно-технологический центр" Устройство для удаления газов алюминиевого электролизера

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018137025A1 (fr) * 2017-01-24 2018-08-02 Rio Tinto Alcan International Limited Dispositif d'alimentation en alumine d'une cuve d'electrolyse
EA037235B1 (ru) * 2017-01-24 2021-02-25 Рио Тинто Алкан Интернэшнл Лимитед Устройство питания глиноземом электролизера
NO20190343A1 (en) * 2019-03-14 2020-09-15 Norsk Hydro As Arrangement for collection of hot gas from an electrolysis process, and a method for such gas collection
WO2020182776A1 (en) 2019-03-14 2020-09-17 Norsk Hydro Asa Arrangement for collection of hot gas from an electrolysis process, and a method for such gas collection
WO2023206892A1 (zh) * 2022-04-29 2023-11-02 沈阳北冶冶金科技有限公司 一种收集铝电解槽高温阳极气体的方法

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NO20084014L (no) 2010-03-22
CN102197164B (zh) 2014-07-09
NZ591699A (en) 2013-06-28
WO2010033037A1 (en) 2010-03-25
CA2737240C (en) 2016-07-05
AU2009292735A1 (en) 2010-03-25
EP2337879A4 (en) 2014-09-24
NO20110421A1 (no) 2011-03-18
BRPI0918929A2 (pt) 2015-12-01
AU2009292735B2 (en) 2015-08-27
EA201100508A1 (ru) 2011-10-31
NO332375B1 (no) 2012-09-10
ZA201102085B (en) 2011-11-30
CN102197164A (zh) 2011-09-21
CA2737240A1 (en) 2010-03-25
BRPI0918929B1 (pt) 2019-04-09
EP2337879A1 (en) 2011-06-29
EA019844B1 (ru) 2014-06-30

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