EP2334999B1 - Verfahren zur erhöhung der qualität eines holzelements und mit diesem verfahren behandeltes holzelement - Google Patents

Verfahren zur erhöhung der qualität eines holzelements und mit diesem verfahren behandeltes holzelement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2334999B1
EP2334999B1 EP09816519A EP09816519A EP2334999B1 EP 2334999 B1 EP2334999 B1 EP 2334999B1 EP 09816519 A EP09816519 A EP 09816519A EP 09816519 A EP09816519 A EP 09816519A EP 2334999 B1 EP2334999 B1 EP 2334999B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wooden element
wooden
heating medium
temperature
oil
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Not-in-force
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EP09816519A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2334999A1 (de
EP2334999A4 (de
Inventor
Lars Rennerfelt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Featherlite Nv
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Featherlite Nv
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Priority to PL09816519T priority Critical patent/PL2334999T3/pl
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Publication of EP2334999A4 publication Critical patent/EP2334999A4/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/0085—Thermal treatments, i.e. involving chemical modification of wood at temperatures well over 100°C
    • B27K5/009—Thermal treatments, i.e. involving chemical modification of wood at temperatures well over 100°C using a well-defined temperature schedule
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2210/16—Wood, e.g. lumber, timber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method to improve the quality of a wooden element, such as providing the wooden element with improved resistibility against decay, according to the preamble of claim 1 and a wooden element according to the preamble of claim 14.
  • Wood and constructions made of wood have in all times been subject to decay due to numerous reasons, including putrefaction, mold, attacks from insects etc. and many different steps have, during the history of man, been taken to slow down this decay.
  • One of the first approaches to prolong the life-time of wooden elements was to place the wooden element in a fire, hence carbonize the surface of the element to enhance the durability of the wooden element against decay.
  • CCA copper chromium arsenate
  • Huge amounts of chemicals are used for wood preservation today and it is important, from an environmental point of view, to find substitutes to impregnation.
  • US 6217939 B1- discloses a wood heat treatment method in which the wooden element is heat treated for several hours in oil having a temperature in the range of 180-260 °C. The result is a homogenous heat treatment of the wooden element, wherein the properties of the bulk as well as the surface of the wooden element is converted so as to improve the resistance against decay.
  • EP 0576608 B1 discloses a method wherein wooden elements are heat treated in linseed oil or similar curable vegetable oil. The treatment results in a diffusion of the water naturally occurring in the wood out from the wooden element, whereby the oil is replacing the water in the cavities in the wood. The oil is thereafter made to cure and thereby to stiffen the wood. Insecticides and/or fungicides are also added to the oil for additional resistance against possible insect or fungus attack on the wood.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a new and favourable method to improve the quality of a wooden element, such as providing the wooden element with improved resistibility against decay.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a new and favourable wooden element.
  • said point will be located in the part of the wooden element where the distance from the centre to the surface of the wooden element is the shortest.
  • the heat treatment will then be interrupted when the temperature at a point in the wooden element, located at a distance from the centre of the wooden element being 50%, preferably 70 %, of the distance from said centre to the part of the surface of the wooden element being closest to said centre, reaches 170 °C.
  • the deterioration of the mechanical properties becomes more pronounced as the heat treatment temperature increases towards and over 200 °C.
  • the desirable resistance to decay, by for instance fungal attack, of the wooden element also becomes more pronounced as the heat treatment temperature increases. Therefore, it has been a trade-off in the choice of heat treatment temperature when heat treating wooden elements.
  • the temperature for the heat treatment would need to be high, and using such high heat treatment temperature would result in deteriorations in the mechanical properties which are unacceptable for certain applications, such as using the wooden element as a load carrying beam or as posts for a fence.
  • heat treatment i.e. a heat induced change in the lignin-carbohydrate, which leads to a better resistance to decay, is only applied to the surface portions of the wooden element.
  • the present invention has realized that since it is the surface portions of the wooden element which are exposed to moisture and agents in the environment which promote decay of the wooden element, i.e. fungal spores etc., it is sufficient if only said surface portions, and not the entire bulk of the wooden element, are heat treated to achieve a good resistance to decay in the wooden element.
  • the mechanical properties of the wooden element are preserved in most of the wooden element material, since major parts of the element stay unexposed to the high temperature which induce changes in the lignin-carbohydrate and deteriorate the mechanical properties of the wooden element.
  • the exposure of the wooden element to the heating medium is interrupted before the temperature at any said point in the wooden element reaches 160 °C, preferably 150 °C.
  • the wooden element is exposed to a heating medium in the form of an oil.
  • An oil can be heated to a temperature in the range of 200-300 °C without being subject to decomposition.
  • using oil as heating medium provide for a homogenous heating of the surface portions of the wooden element during heat treatment of said wooden element.
  • the oil is a mineral oil.
  • Mineral oil provide good protection from moisture in the atmosphere, it also has good thermal properties which are required in the heat treatment of the wooden element. Furthermore, mineral oils are inexpensive.
  • the oil is a non-curable vegetable oil, such as rape oil.
  • Vegetable oils provide for an environmental friendly method for heat treatment of the wooden element. Using non-curable oils instead of curable oils results in less remaining oil in the wooden element after heat treatment since the non-curable vegetable oils do not cure in the cavities and on the surface of the wooden element. With remains of the oil in the wooden element after heat treatment, as would be the case when using curable vegetable oils as heating medium, the wooden element would become heavier; furthermore, the consumption of oil would be higher which results in a more costly production of heat treated wooden elements.
  • the wooden element is exposed to a heating medium in the form of an inert gas.
  • inert gas is defined as a gas which not promotes oxidative reactions in materials exposed to said gas, i.e. a non-oxidative gas. This means that in other cases reactive gases, such as carbon monoxide, gases of combustion, gaseous water and/or water steam, are also included in the definition.
  • Presence of oxygen during heat treatment increases the risk for combustion of the wooden element, wholly or partly, and the presence of oxygen also weakens the resistance to decay in the wooden element being subjected for heat treatment in the heating medium; therefore an oxygen free atmosphere is desirable.
  • the inert gas is nitrogen or water steam.
  • Nitrogen and water steam are easy to handle and non-expensive, which makes them useful as heating media in the method according to the invention.
  • the heating medium having a temperature in the range of 220-280 °C, preferably 230-270 °C, most preferred 240-260 °C, is brought in contact with the wooden element.
  • the temperature of the heating medium should be relatively high, and since the heat treatment is interrupted before the temperature in the bulk of the wooden element reaches a high temperature, this is possible to achieve without significant deterioration of the mechanical properties.
  • the heating medium is heated to the temperature desired for the heat treatment prior to exposing the wooden element to the heating medium.
  • the heat treatment of the wooden element can be localized to the surface portions of the wooden element.
  • the heating medium is heated while the wooden element is exposed to said medium so as to heat treat the wooden element slowly and achieve a homogenous heat treatment of said element. Since the present invention relates to a method in which the heat treatment should not be performed homogenously on the wooden element, a rapid heating is desired, hence the heating medium is heated prior to exposing the wooden element to said medium.
  • the exposure of the wooden element to the heating medium is continued at least until the temperature reaches 200 °C at a point in the wooden element, located 5 mm, preferably 7 mm, most preferred 10 mm from the surface of the wooden element.
  • the temperature of the surface portions of said wooden element reaches over 200 °C. Only then can the heat treated wooden element achieve a resistance to decay comparable with the resistance to decay observed for impregnated wooden elements.
  • the exposure of the wooden element to the heating medium is continued at least until the temperature reaches 230 °C at a point in the wooden element, located 5 mm, preferably 7 mm, most preferred 10 mm from the surface of the wooden element.
  • the wooden element is exposed to the heating medium for 1-200, 3-150 or 5-100 minutes.
  • Heat treatments have previously been performed for several hours to achieve a homogenous heat induced change in the lignin-carbohydrate in the wooden element.
  • a homogenous heat treatment is not desired, therefore heat treatment is performed under shorter periods of time, which may be dependent on parameters such as the thickness of the wooden element heat treated.
  • the invention also relates to a wooden element with improved quality, the wooden element having been heat treated using the method according to the invention.
  • the wooden element is elongated, such as a wooden beam or pole.
  • the wooden element has an essentially square or circular cross-section, perpendicular to the length direction.
  • Fig 1 shows in a cross-sectional view a wooden element 1 in a heating medium 2 during heat treatment using the method according to the invention.
  • the wooden element may of course have any geometry, but here it is depicted with an essentially square cross-sectional shape.
  • the method comprises heat treatment of the wooden element 1 by exposure thereof to the heating medium 2 having a temperature in the range of 200-300 °C.
  • the exposure of the wooden element 1 to the heating medium 2 is interrupted before the temperature at any point in the wooden element 1, located at a distance from the centre 3 of the wooden element 1 being 50%, preferably 70%, of the distance from said centre 3 to the surface 4 of the wooden element 1, reaches 170 °C.
  • Said distance is for clarifying purposes depicted in Fig 1 as a boundary 5, the boundary 5 comprising all said points at said distance from the centre 3.
  • the exposure of the wooden element 1 to the heating medium 2 is continued at least until the temperature reaches 200 °C at a point in the wooden element 1, located 5 mm, preferably 7 mm, most preferred 10 mm from the surface 4 of the wooden element 1 and/or for 1-200, 3-150 or 5-100 minutes.
  • the wooden element 1 resulting from this heat treatment will have surface parts 6 that have been heat treated to such an extent that said surface 6 parts will have a better resistance to decay, equally good as impregnated wooden elements, than the same would have without the heat treatment.
  • Core parts 7 of the wooden element have not been exposed to a temperature higher than 170 °C, therefore said core parts 7 essentially have the mechanical properties of wood which not has been heat treated, i.e. native wood.
  • Fig 2 shows in a cross-sectional view a wooden element 11 in a heating medium 12 during heat treatment using the method according to the invention.
  • the geometry of the wooden element can of course be any geometry, but here it is depicted with a rectangular cross-sectional shape, two of the sides in the rectangle being longer than the two other sides.
  • the method comprises heat treatment of the wooden element 11 by exposure thereof to the heating medium 12 having a temperature in the range of 200-300 °C.
  • the exposure of the wooden element 11 to the heating medium 12 is interrupted before the temperature at any point in the wooden element 11, located at a distance from the centre 13 of the wooden element 11 being 70% of the distance from said centre 13 to the surface 14 of the wooden element 11, reaches 170 °C.
  • Said distance is for clarifying purposes depicted in Fig 1 as a boundary 15, the boundary 15 comprising all said points at said distance from the centre 13.
  • the exposure of the wooden element 11 to the heating medium 12 is continued at least until the temperature reaches 200 °C at a point in the wooden element 11, located 5 mm, preferably 7 mm, most preferred 10 mm from the surface 14 of the wooden element 11 and/or for 1-200, 3-150 or 5-100 minutes.
  • the wooden element 11 resulting from this heat treatment will have surface parts 16 that have been heat treated to such an extent that said surface 16 parts will have a better resistance to decay, equally good as impregnated wooden elements, than the same would have without the heat treatment.
  • Core parts 17 of the wooden element have not been exposed to a temperature higher than 170 °C, therefore said core parts 17 essentially have the mechanical properties of wood which not has been heat treated, i.e. native wood.
  • Fig 3 a schematic perspective view is shown of a wooden element 21 exposed to a heating medium 22 in a partly cut tank 28.
  • the tank 28 comprises heating means for controlling the temperature of the heating medium 22 to 200-300 °C before the wooden element 21 is placed in the tank 28 and exposed to said heating medium 22.
  • the heating medium 22 depicted in Fig 3 is an oil, such as a mineral oil or a non-curable vegetable oil but can also consist of an inert gas, such as nitrogen or water steam.
  • the method according to the invention is not limited to heat treatment of entire wooden elements but can also be applied to parts of a wooden element, e.g. posts for a fence can be heat treated on the parts which are subjected to deteriorating factors, such as the parts to be placed in the ground, while other parts of the same posts are not heat treated using the method of the invention.
  • the thickness of the heat treated outer layer of the wooden element can be optimized for certain applications.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Qualität eines Holzelementes (1, 11, 21), um das Holzelement (1, 11, 21) mit verbesserter Resistenz gegen Fäulnis auszustatten, wobei das Holzelement (1, 11, 21) wärmebehandelt wird, indem es einem erhitzenden Medium (2, 12, 22) ausgesetzt wird, das eine Temperatur im Bereich von 200 bis 300 °C aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Aussetzen des Holzelementes (1, 11, 21) dem erhitzenden Medium (2, 12, 22) unterbrochen wird, bevor die Temperatur an einem beliebigen Punkt in dem Holzelement (1, 11, 21) 170 °C erreicht, wobei der beliebige Punkt in einem Abstand von der Mitte (3, 13) des Holzelementes (1, 11, 21) liegt, der 50 % des Abstandes von der Mitte (3, 13) zu der Oberfläche (4, 14) des Holzelementes (1, 11, 21) beträgt.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Aussetzen des Holzelementes (1, 11, 21) dem erhitzenden Medium (2, 12, 22) unterbrochen wird, bevor die Temperatur an einem beliebigen Punkt in dem Holzelement (1, 11, 21) 170 °C erreicht, wobei der beliebige Punkt in einem Abstand von der Mitte (3, 13) des Holzelementes (1, 11, 21) 70 % des Abstandes von der besagten Mitte (3, 13) zur Oberfläche (4, 14) des Holzelementes (1, 11, 21) beträgt.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Aussetzen des Holzelementes (1, 11, 21) dem erhitzenden Medium (2, 12, 22) unterbrochen wird, bevor die Temperatur an einem beliebigen Punkt in dem Holzelement (1, 11, 21) 160 °C, vorzugsweise 150 °C erreicht.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Holzelement (1, 11, 21) dem erhitzenden Medium (2, 12, 22) in der Form eines Öls ausgesetzt wird.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Öl ein Mineralöl ist.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Öl ein nicht aushärtbares Pflanzenöl ist, beispielsweise Rapsöl.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Holzelement (1, 11, 21) einem erhitzenden Medium (2, 12, 22) in der Form eines inerten Gases ausgesetzt wird.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das inerte Gas Stickstoff oder Wasserdampf ist.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erhitzende Medium (2, 12, 22), sobald es eine Temperatur im Bereich von 220 bis 280 °C, vorzugsweise 240 bis 260 °C und insbesondere zwischen 240 und 260 °C aufweist, mit dem Holzelement (1, 11, 21) in Berührung gebracht wird.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erhitzende Medium (2, 12, 22) auf die Temperatur erwärmt wird, die für die Wärmebehandlung verlangt wird, bevor das Holzelement (1, 11, 21) dem erhitzenden Medium (2, 12, 22) ausgesetzt wird.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Aussetzen des Holzelementes (1, 11, 21) dem erhitzenden Medium (2, 12, 22) wenigstens so lange fortgesetzt wird, bis die Temperatur 200 °C erreicht, und zwar an einem Punkt in dem Holzelement (1, 11, 21), der 5 mm, vorzugsweise 7 mm, jedoch am besten 10 mm von der Oberfläche (4, 14) des Holzelementes (1, 11, 21) entfernt liegt.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Aussetzen des Holzelementes (1, 11, 21) dem erhitzenden Medium (2, 12, 22) wenigstens so lange fortgesetzt wird, bis die Temperatur 230 °C erreicht, und zwar an einem Punkt in dem Holzelement (1, 11, 21), der 5 mm, vorzugsweise 7 mm und am besten 10 mm von der Oberfläche (4, 14) des Holzelementes (1, 11, 21) entfernt liegt.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Holzelement (1, 11, 21) dem erhitzenden Medium (2, 12, 22) 1 bis 200, 3 bis 150 oder 5 bis 100 Minuten ausgesetzt wird.
  14. Holzelement (1, 11, 21) mit verbesserter Qualität, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Holzelement (1, 11, 21) unter Benutzung des Verfahrens gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13 wärmebehandelt worden ist.
  15. Holzelement (1, 11, 21) nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Holzelement (1, 11, 21) langgestreckt ist wie beispielsweise ein Holzbalken oder Pfahl.
  16. Holzelement (1, 11, 21) nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Holzelement (1, 11, 21) einen im wesentlichen viereckigen oder kreisrunden Querschnitt hat, und zwar lotrecht zur Längsrichtung.
EP09816519A 2008-09-23 2009-04-28 Verfahren zur erhöhung der qualität eines holzelements und mit diesem verfahren behandeltes holzelement Not-in-force EP2334999B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL09816519T PL2334999T3 (pl) 2008-09-23 2009-04-28 Sposób poprawy jakości elementu drewnianego i element drewniany obrabiany tym sposobem

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0802016 2008-09-23
PCT/SE2009/050453 WO2010036178A1 (en) 2008-09-23 2009-04-28 A method to improve the quality of a wooden element and a wooden element treated by the method

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2334999A1 EP2334999A1 (de) 2011-06-22
EP2334999A4 EP2334999A4 (de) 2012-02-29
EP2334999B1 true EP2334999B1 (de) 2012-10-31

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EP (1) EP2334999B1 (de)
DK (1) DK2334999T3 (de)
PL (1) PL2334999T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2010036178A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2154676T3 (es) * 1993-05-12 2001-04-16 Valtion Teknillinen Procedimiento para el aumento de la resistencia de productos celulosicos contra hongos y putrefaccion.
FR2751579B1 (fr) * 1996-07-26 1998-10-16 N O W New Option Wood Procede de traitement du bois a etape de transition vitreuse
FI108880B (fi) * 1997-12-09 2002-04-15 Stellac Oy Menetelmä puutavaran lämpökäsittelemiseksi
DE19852827A1 (de) * 1998-11-17 2000-05-18 Menz Martin Holzschutzverfahren
WO2008083462A1 (en) * 2007-01-03 2008-07-17 Universite Du Quebec En Abitibi-Temiscamingue (Uqat) Process and apparatus for the heat treatment of a wood product and treated wood product

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Publication number Publication date
EP2334999A1 (de) 2011-06-22
WO2010036178A1 (en) 2010-04-01
DK2334999T3 (da) 2013-02-11
PL2334999T3 (pl) 2013-03-29
EP2334999A4 (de) 2012-02-29

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