EP2334454A1 - Arrangement and method for detecting an operational state of a strand guide - Google Patents
Arrangement and method for detecting an operational state of a strand guideInfo
- Publication number
- EP2334454A1 EP2334454A1 EP09778654A EP09778654A EP2334454A1 EP 2334454 A1 EP2334454 A1 EP 2334454A1 EP 09778654 A EP09778654 A EP 09778654A EP 09778654 A EP09778654 A EP 09778654A EP 2334454 A1 EP2334454 A1 EP 2334454A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- data
- monitoring
- segment
- bearings
- bearing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000418 atomic force spectrum Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010972 statistical evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000306 recurrent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011157 data evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/20—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for removing cast stock
- B22D11/208—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for removing cast stock for aligning the guide rolls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C51/00—Measuring, gauging, indicating, counting, or marking devices specially adapted for use in the production or manipulation of material in accordance with subclasses B21B - B21F
Definitions
- the invention relates to an arrangement and a method for detecting an operating state of a strand guide of a continuous casting plant, in particular taking into account a bearing force monitoring according to the preamble of claim 1 and according to the preamble of claim 4.
- bearing forces occurring in continuous casting plants are measured by means of a defined gap, which is introduced into the bearing console of the rollers of the continuous casting plant, and used to determine the sump tip position, see the earlier application with the file reference DE 10 2008 014 524 A1.
- the strand guide of a continuous casting plant with a large number of segments or with a large number of rolls is very complex with regard to the respective bearing forces and their respective distribution, with the result that a measurement of the bearing forces corresponding to the requirements is not carried out and Thus, an adjustment or adjustment of the bearing forces corresponding to the requirements can not be performed.
- an arrangement for detecting an operating condition of a strand guide is made of strand guide segments, in particular for a slab or thin slab plant, with at least one segment with rollers and / or part rolls, which are supported by bearings, wherein for monitoring of bearing forces and / or the temporal change of bearing forces on at least individual bearings transducers are arranged, wherein the determined by the transducers data on the bearing forces are forwarded to an evaluation unit for evaluating and / or signaling the operating state of the system, at least one segment and / or at least one role, and / or at least one sub-role and / or at least one warehouse.
- the measured and / or evaluated data are displayed by means of at least one display unit and / or used for control or regulation purposes.
- the object with regard to the method is achieved with the features of claim 4, according to which a method is provided for detecting and monitoring an operating state of a strand guide from strand guide segments, in particular a slab or thin slab plant, with at least one segment with rollers and / or part rolls, by means of Bearings are stored, which are arranged to monitor bearing forces and / or the time change of bearing forces on at least individual bearings transducers, the data determined by the transducers data regarding the bearing forces are forwarded to an evaluation unit for evaluation and / or signaling of the operating state of the system , at least one segment and / or at least one roll, and / or at least one sub-roll and / or at least one bearing.
- the measured and / or evaluated data are displayed by means of at least one display unit and / or used for control or regulation purposes.
- the measured and / or evaluated data are used for bearing monitoring and / or for monitoring the roll rotation and / or for monitoring the roll standstill and / or for monitoring the roll break and / or for monitoring the bearing break and / or for monitoring the roll slip and / or used to monitor an overload.
- the measured and / or evaluated data are statistically evaluable for generating a storage statistics, a symmetry statistics for the detection of uneven loads, a wear statistics for the detection of a wear and / or an oversight. statistics for determining preventive maintenance, machine maintenance, machine optimization and / or adjustment of load distribution.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a hierarchical structuring from a machine to a warehouse
- connection box 4 is a schematic representation of a connection box for connecting transducers
- 6 shows a roller arrangement with display elements for displaying an operating state
- 7 shows a roller arrangement with display elements for displaying an operating state
- FIG. 8 shows a machine with segments and with display elements for indicating an operating state
- Fig. 9 with the figures 9a to 9f each have a display for displaying an operating state.
- FIG. 1 shows a hierarchical structure 1 of a machine, in particular a continuous casting plant or, in particular, a slab or thin slab plant.
- the system may consist of one or a plurality of machines 2, wherein the respective machine 2 is subdivided into a plurality of segments 3, which in each case in turn subdivided into subsegments 4.
- a sub-segment 4 can comprise a segment side of a loose or fixed side of the segment.
- the segments or the sub-segments 4 in turn comprise rollers 5, which may, for example, also be subdivided into a plurality of sub-rollers 6, these being supported by means of the bearings 7.
- transducers 8 are preferably mounted or inserted directly on the bearings 7, which may preferably be integrated in the bearing blocks of the bearings 7 and detect the forces transmitted to the bearings.
- the forces acting on the sub-roller 6 of the divided roller 5, on the roller 5, if necessary also with a plurality of sub-rollers 6, on the sub-segments 6 can be determined.
- At least one segment page, such as a lot or fixed side, on the segments, for example, on a loose and / or fixed side and on the machine with the segments of the system, for example, a slab or thin slab plants are closed.
- the data thus represent the respective bearing forces at the time of measurement.
- the bearing force is also measured time-resolved, so that from an evaluation, the time course of the bearing forces and their time derivative can be determined.
- measuring methods or systems which can be used for detecting a bearing force by means of a bearing gap which changes when the force is applied it is preferable to use measuring methods or systems which sense the distance.
- pressure measurement methods and systems which work, for example, via strain gauges or according to the load cell principle, can be used to measure the force.
- the strand guide of a slab or thin-slab caster consists of a number of segments 3, the number of which is determined by the respective product requirements.
- the number may preferably consist of a plurality of, for example, up to 20 segments with respective corresponding roller conveyor.
- a detection and signaling of the operating state or a display representing it for detailing the information content for the operator can be performed.
- FIG. 2 shows a segment 10 for clarification, in which a slab 11 is arranged between two rollers 12, 13 with two partial rollers 14, 15, 16, 17 in each case.
- the rollers 12, 13 or the respective sub-rollers 14, 15, 16, 17 are each assigned to a segment upper side 18 as a loose side or a lower segment side 19 as a fixed side.
- bearings 20 are each supported by means of outer bearings 20 and / or by means of center bearings 21. At least some or all of these bearings 20,21 serve to receive the measuring elements or measuring systems for carrying out the bearing force measurement and can be provided accordingly.
- the respective measuring elements or measuring systems are placed directly on the segments or their bearings and connected by means of data and / or energy connection, such as cables, so that the connection to peripheral units and evaluations by one or the number of systems to be used corresponding connections, like cables, can be made bundled. Due to the possible extensions of the measuring systems, the number of evaluation points can be easily adapted in order to make the results more accurate or more representative. Alternatively, the cable connection can also be replaced by a wireless connection.
- the metrological evaluation of the recorded data takes place via measuring computers or measurement evaluation systems, which can be set up and connected centrally or decentrally.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows an arrangement of a plurality of force-measuring elements 31 as measuring elements in a segment 30.
- the elements 31 are connected by means of electrical connections 32, 33 to the data connection 33 as well as to the energy or power connection 32 to a connection unit 34 which in FIG Figure 3 is referred to as a connection box.
- the data connection preferably takes place via a data bus connection 33, the elements 31 each having a subunit for transmitting and / or receiving data via the data bus 33.
- the energy or power connection and the data connection is further transmitted via a further connection 36 to or from a converter 35, which ensures the power / voltage supply and the data transmission by means of a data bus.
- FIG. 4 once again shows a connection unit 34 schematically with cable feedthroughs 37 through the wall 38 of the housing 39 of the unit 34.
- a cable connection 36 to the converter can be seen, which is designed with the electrical supply 40 as well as with the data bus 41 ,
- cable connections 42 can be seen, which realize the connections 32, 33 of FIG. 3 and ensure both electrical supply and data connection via data bus.
- an uncomplicated and rapid recording of the measured values of the measuring elements of the bearing force measurements and their evaluation, for example, their statistical evaluation can be performed.
- An assignment of the measurement results to the monitored or measured segment or to the strand can also take place and these corresponding data can also be forwarded to a central location, such as to a control center, such as a switching house of a continuous casting plant, so that there For example, via a measuring PC or other evaluation systems, a data evaluation can be done. It may also be advantageous if, with the evaluation of the data, a control and / or regulation of adjusting means of the sub-rollers and / or rollers can take place, so that the bearings only according to a predetermined bearing force or such that they do not have a maximum Lagerkraft be charged.
- a simple and straightforward expansion option at least individual sub-rollers or rollers or a single segment can be done without significant additional mechanical / electrical expenses must be performed. It is advantageous if a realization of a coupling can be done by means of a plug connection.
- the measuring element or the measuring system on a partial roller or on a roller or the measuring elements or measuring systems on a segment are connected by a plug connection from the corresponding data connection and the electrical supply system. Disconnected or connected to this connection. As a result, connection or decoupling can be carried out easily and simply.
- the plug connection or its plug parts can be selected such that a correspondingly desired degree of protection of the plug connection can be realized.
- connection of the measuring elements or measuring systems with an overall system also facilitates a simple and uncomplicated supplementation of a segment, for example, not yet fully equipped with further measuring elements, such as transducers, without the external cabling structure having to be adapted. It is sufficient if the additionally installed measuring element is connected via a connection unit, such as a connection box, to the overall system of the device.
- a connection unit such as a connection box
- the arrangement of the measuring elements on the respective camps provided for this purpose allows the decentralized detection of traversing speeds and / or path changes / time unit, thereby also force changes / time unit can be measured or determined and can be made available for example via a data protocol.
- an automatic zero point calibration (TARA) of a single measuring point in the segment, a segment range (group), an entire segment or the complete system can be carried out, if appropriate on the basis of a combination of different events, such as a plant start with previous cold run, can be performed.
- TARA automatic zero point calibration
- the decentralized recording of measured values within given limits for the measured values is possible, whereby on the basis of the measurements, reaching the limit values is detected by the measured values and, for example, via the protocol Can be made available.
- a flexible coupling of the bus connection can be carried out via a coded plug connection.
- the coded connector can be configured such that can be closed due to the connector and its coding on the placement of the segment with rollers and / or with measuring elements on the rollers and / or sub-roles.
- the electrical coupling of the measuring elements to the bearings via an external cable connection with a flexible and / or detachable connection, possibly also via a plug connection. Also, the connection of the measuring elements or measuring systems placed on the segments by means of data / energy connection, such as cable, so that the connection to peripheral units and evaluations can be made bundled by one or the number of systems to be used corresponding cable connections.
- variable number of bearing force measurements in a segment without changing the outer evaluation so that the current measurement positions can be variably adjusted within the segment.
- a strand guide made of strand guiding segments which are equipped with rolls and / or sub-rolls or roll segments for guiding a cast strand
- a predeterminable number of bearings or all bearings are equipped with elements for bearing force measurement.
- the results of the measured value acquisition of the bearing force are advantageously transmitted for evaluation and further processing to a central evaluation unit, such as a measuring PC or to a server.
- FIG. 5 shows this schematically. It is a set of rollers 50, each with two part rollers 51, 52,53,54 to recognize, between the paired partial rollers arranged a slab 55 is added.
- measuring sensor 57 At the bearings 56 of the sub-rollers measuring sensor 57 are provided as measuring elements, which determine the bearing force at the bearings 56.
- These data of the measuring elements are forwarded by data transmission, such as via data bus 58, to a measured value evaluation 59, for example at a control station, where a measuring PC 60 or a server 61 receives the data and by means of which the data can be evaluated.
- the data transmission of the transducers 57 on / at the segments takes place via a data bus 58 or by means of structured cabling to the evaluation systems.
- the data in the computer systems 60, 61 are analyzed, evaluated, calculated and / or graphically processed.
- the evaluation of the signals or data is advantageously carried out via an electronic evaluation system, such as computer unit, measuring PC and / or server, this evaluation system for data acquisition and data processing is used.
- the signal processing on the segment preferably takes place with corresponding data bus coupling to the evaluation systems or, alternatively, with a fixed or direct cabling.
- the evaluated data can then be forwarded to the plant engineering and brought to the display or representation, or further used for control and automation purposes.
- the arrangement according to the invention can advantageously be carried out a method of bearing monitoring or operating state monitoring, as already stated above.
- the bearing monitoring or operating state monitoring can be carried out in such a way that the evaluation of the associated bearings can be concluded by a completion evaluation of specific Kraftverläu- fe on certain anomalies or changes of a single role.
- an overload of the respective bearings can be concluded.
- an overload monitoring can be performed.
- a statistical evaluation of the measurement results can also be carried out. Through the statistical evaluation of the bearing force measurements, the results described below can be determined, calculated, evaluated and displayed or displayed. When detecting symmetry variations between the bearings of a roller, one-sided loading of the bearings can be deduced. The symmetry statistics thus allows detection of a one-sided load on the bearings. When comparing the measured bearing force measurements with previously recorded data or setpoints and / or by means of a corresponding statistical evaluation, it is possible to conclude that a roller or a bearing is wearing out.
- the determined wear statistics can be used for a preventive maintenance interval determination in order to predict future events.
- the data can thus be used to determine upcoming maintenance and future maintenance intervals.
- monitoring statistics for establishing preventive maintenance can be performed.
- merging the roll monitoring results it is possible to infer the state of an entire segment. For this purpose, all results of roll monitoring can be used.
- Logical links of the role sub-results can be used to determine segment monitoring criteria. It can thus be performed a segment monitoring.
- the load and load distribution across the entire strand can be deduced.
- a stress analysis and stress distribution analysis can be performed.
- the load, the load distribution and thus the machine load can be optimized by the arrangement and design of the rollers and segments is chosen such that the load and the load distribution remains within a predetermined range.
- a representation of the machine operating state can be carried out, for example, in a process diagram, in particular for the purpose of diagnostic aid and for the rapid determination of irregular states or states deviating from the standard operating state.
- a use of a traffic light statistics for the condition recognition per bearing can be used, see FIG. 6.
- rollers or pairs of sub-rollers which are mounted in bearings, are arranged on the fixed side 71 and on the release side, respectively .
- a display or traffic light display 72 which represents the state of the bearing or its load.
- a green square is used, which signals that the bearing load is in a favorable acceptable range, so ok.
- a yellow circle is used, which is arranged above the green square. The yellow circle indicates that there is a heavy load or it should signal an announcement of a possible defect.
- FIG. 7 shows a partial segment 80 with segment rollers 81 on the fixed side, which carry a slab 82.
- a display means 83 which signals the load in the above-described traffic light structure
- a traffic light-like display 84 is also provided for displaying the roller load to both the role loading on to be able to display the lot page as well as on the hard page.
- FIG. 8 shows a machine 90 having individual segments 91.
- the segments 91 carry a slab 92.
- a display 93 for signaling the operating state of the respective segment 91 is provided for each segment 91.
- a direction detection of a change in the operating state is performed and signaled. It can then be detected quickly from which direction the detected deviation comes from the ideal state or in which direction the detected deviation develops. In this case, it can be distinguished whether the deviation develops from high to low, that is, decreases or changes in the opposite direction, ie increases. This can represent estimated additional information for the plant assessment.
- FIG. 9 shows such a representation schematically.
- FIG. 9 shows such a representation schematically.
- 9 a shows a static display which signals an unobjected operating state (ok).
- 9b shows a dynamic display which signals an unobjected operating state, but which will change in the direction of the "attention” state or show a tendency in this direction .
- Figure 9c shows a static display which has a medium operation - Condition "Caution” signaled.
- FIG. 9d shows a dynamic display which signals a middle operating state "attention”, but which will change in the direction of the "danger” state or indicates a tendency in this direction.
- 9e shows a static display which signals an endangered operating state "Danger.”
- a dynamic display is shown in FIG. 9f, which signals a "Danger” operating state, but which in the direction of "Attention” will change or show a tendency in this direction.
- the arrangement according to the invention thus provides an automation concept for the diagnosis of the machine state in which sub-machine states of at least one bearing and / or at least one roller and / or at least one sub-segment and / or at least one segment or of the entire system or Machine is monitored.
- an evaluation system such as a measuring PC and / or server, a statistical evaluation of the signals can be made.
- the segments, the sub-segments and / or the rollers can be performed with transducers.
- An extension of the respective bearing measurements on the segment with low assembly and implementation costs is possible.
- a temporal change of the bearing force can be detected or determined.
- a detection of a lateral force, a total force and / or of ferrostatic loads can be performed.
- the determined data can advantageously be stored in a memory and can be used to determine diagnoses on the historical data stored. The advantage here is the compression of current data for storage and long-term archiving. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200810050393 DE102008050393A1 (en) | 2008-10-02 | 2008-10-02 | Arrangement and method for detecting an operating state of a strand guide |
PCT/EP2009/006839 WO2010037490A1 (en) | 2008-10-02 | 2009-09-22 | Arrangement and method for detecting an operational state of a strand guide |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2334454A1 true EP2334454A1 (en) | 2011-06-22 |
EP2334454B1 EP2334454B1 (en) | 2015-11-11 |
Family
ID=41272878
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09778654.5A Active EP2334454B1 (en) | 2008-10-02 | 2009-09-22 | Arrangement and method for detecting an operational state of a strand guide |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2334454B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102170984B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102008050393A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010037490A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009031651A1 (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2011-01-05 | Sms Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Method for determining the position of the sump tip of a cast metal strand and continuous casting plant |
DE102011088127A1 (en) * | 2011-06-07 | 2012-12-13 | Sms Siemag Ag | Strand guide segment of a strand guide of a continuous casting plant and method for operating a strand guiding segment |
US10807158B2 (en) | 2015-12-11 | 2020-10-20 | Sms Group Gmbh | Bearing block for holding a bearing for a roller |
DE102018130509A1 (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-04 | Harting Electric Gmbh & Co. Kg | Measuring device for operating status |
CN110315139B (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2020-11-10 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Monitoring system for bearing degradation state of sliding seat bearing wheel on section steel saw machine |
DE102019212852A1 (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-03-04 | Sms Group Gmbh | System and method for monitoring, operating and maintaining an industrial plant, in particular the metal-producing industry or the steel industry |
EP3878574A1 (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-09-15 | Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH | State determination for strand-guiding rolls by vibration evaluation |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3907905C2 (en) * | 1988-07-04 | 1999-01-21 | Mannesmann Ag | Continuous casting process |
IT1262116B (en) * | 1993-05-17 | 1996-06-19 | Danieli Off Mecc | CONTROLLED PRELAMINATION PROCEDURE FOR THIN SLABS OUT OF CONTINUOUS CASTING AND RELATED DEVICE |
US6470957B1 (en) * | 1999-07-16 | 2002-10-29 | Mannesmann Ag | Process for casting a continuous metal strand |
AT501314B1 (en) * | 2004-10-13 | 2012-03-15 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF A THIN METAL STRIP |
DE102006027066A1 (en) * | 2006-06-10 | 2007-12-13 | Sms Demag Ag | Apparatus and method for guiding a belt |
DE102008014524A1 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-02 | Sms Demag Ag | Continuous casting plant with a device for determining solidification states of a cast strand and method therefor |
-
2008
- 2008-10-02 DE DE200810050393 patent/DE102008050393A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-09-22 CN CN200980139087.8A patent/CN102170984B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-09-22 EP EP09778654.5A patent/EP2334454B1/en active Active
- 2009-09-22 WO PCT/EP2009/006839 patent/WO2010037490A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2010037490A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102008050393A1 (en) | 2010-04-08 |
EP2334454B1 (en) | 2015-11-11 |
WO2010037490A1 (en) | 2010-04-08 |
CN102170984B (en) | 2016-04-06 |
CN102170984A (en) | 2011-08-31 |
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