EP2321523B1 - Starter comprising an armature shaft supported by a bearing inserted between an armature and a speed reducer - Google Patents

Starter comprising an armature shaft supported by a bearing inserted between an armature and a speed reducer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2321523B1
EP2321523B1 EP09784490.6A EP09784490A EP2321523B1 EP 2321523 B1 EP2321523 B1 EP 2321523B1 EP 09784490 A EP09784490 A EP 09784490A EP 2321523 B1 EP2321523 B1 EP 2321523B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
starter
bearing
armature shaft
armature
axially
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP09784490.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2321523A1 (en
Inventor
Stéphane PLAIDEAU
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
Original Assignee
Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
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Publication of EP2321523A1 publication Critical patent/EP2321523A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2321523B1 publication Critical patent/EP2321523B1/en
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
    • F02N15/043—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the gearing including a speed reducer
    • F02N15/046—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the gearing including a speed reducer of the planetary type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/10—Safety devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/13—Machine starters
    • Y10T74/131—Automatic
    • Y10T74/132—Separate power mesher
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/13—Machine starters
    • Y10T74/131—Automatic
    • Y10T74/137—Reduction gearing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a motor vehicle starter.
  • Motor vehicles with internal combustion engine are conventionally equipped with a starter comprising a starter gear which meshes a motor ring for the rotational drive of the engine when it starts.
  • a starter is generally designed to be used only once for each trip of the vehicle, when starting the engine.
  • stop-recovery system for the heat engine otherwise known by the English name “stop and start ".
  • the engine is likely to be stopped several times, for example at each red light or in road congestion.
  • the starter of a vehicle equipped with a stop-recovery system is thus likely to be solicited much more than a conventional vehicle starter.
  • the starter is in fact equipped with an electric motor comprising an armature carried by an armature shaft.
  • An output shaft coaxial with the armature shaft is rotated by the armature shaft through an epicyclic gearbox.
  • an intermediate axial portion of the armature shaft carries a sun gear of the epicyclic gear train which transmits the rotational movement of the armature shaft to the output shaft.
  • the epicyclic gearbox comprises a set of planet gears which are carried by the output shaft.
  • An axial bore is made in a rear axial end of the gear output shaft. It opens into the rear radial face of the rear free end of the output shaft and is blind at its other end.
  • This configuration makes it possible to guide in rotation the free end end section of the motor armature shaft in the axial bore of the gear output shaft with the interposition of a smooth or needle guide ring.
  • the leading end portion of the guide armature shaft has a diameter smaller than the other sections of the armature shaft, in particular to allow the mounting of elements such as the sun gear on the shaft of the armature shaft. induced, but also because the diameter of the hole of the output shaft is limited by the dimensions of the output shaft.
  • the front end guide section has for example a diameter of 10 mm.
  • the weight and the moment of inertia of the armature shaft are too high relative to the diameter of the guide section of the armature shaft so that the guide ring can withstand intensive stresses during a lifetime of the order of ten years.
  • the document EP1406008 discloses a starter comprising an electric motor with an armature rear shaft rotatably coupled by an epicyclic gearbox with an output shaft carrying a launcher.
  • a bearing, guiding the armature rear shaft, is axially disposed between the armature windings and the gearbox.
  • the invention proposes a starter of the type described above and comprising the characteristics of claim 1.
  • the second front bearing is interposed axially between the armature windings and the reducer.
  • a starter 10 of a motor vehicle which comprises a front casing 12 on which are fixed a contactor 14 and an electric motor 16.
  • the electric motor 16 drives in rotation a rear armature shaft 18 which itself rotates a front output shaft 20.
  • the output front shaft 20 is coaxial with the armature shaft 18 of the electric motor 16.
  • the electric motor 16 is housed in a substantially tubular cylindrical cylinder head 21 of revolution which is coaxial with the armature shaft 18 and which is rigidly fixed to the casing 12.
  • the motor 16 is a series electric motor with inductors 106 DC. Its purpose is to transform the electrical energy supplied to it into mechanical energy to rotate the armature shaft 18.
  • the electric motor 16 comprises the armature shaft 18, an intermediate section carries the armature windings 22 of the motor 16 and a rear axial section 24 carries a collector 26 with annular tracks.
  • a rear closure cover 28 is fixed axially on the circular end edge of the breech 21.
  • a free rear end 30 of the armature shaft 18 is guided in rotation in a first rear bearing 32 formed by a housing of the closure cap 28.
  • This rear housing 32 is integral with the closure cap 28.
  • a guide ring 34 such as a needle bushing or a sliding ring, is mounted on the inside diameter of the rear housing 32. This arrangement makes it possible to minimize the friction of the rear free end section 30 of the shaft. 18 induces in the rear housing 32.
  • An axial abutment means (not shown), such as a washer, is interposed between the rear end radial face 36 of the armature shaft 18 and the bottom 38 of the housing 32 of the closure cap 28.
  • the front portion of the armature shaft 18 is stepped.
  • a free end end portion 40 is delimited rearwardly by a sun gear 42 of an epicyclic gearbox 44 which transmits the rotational movement of the armature shaft 18 to the output shaft 20.
  • the epicyclic gearbox 44 is interposed axially between the rear armature shaft 18 and the front output shaft 20.
  • the gearbox 44 comprises a set of planet gears 46, here three in number, whose axes of rotation 48 are carried by a first front flange 50 of radial orientation which is integral in translation and in rotation with the gear output shaft 20 and which is fixed on the latter, for example by crimping.
  • the planet gears 46 are thus carried by the output shaft 20 which forms a planet carrier.
  • the planet gears 46 are immobilized axially in translation by a second rear flange 52 force-fitted on the axes 48 of the planet gears 46.
  • the planet gears 46 are rotatably mounted between the two radial front flanges 50 and rear 52.
  • the translation of the planet gears 46 is maintained by satellite axes 48 screwed into the front flange 50 and each having a head.
  • the gearbox 44 also comprises a peripheral ring 54 with internal teeth which is fixed, in the assembly shown, by overmolding in a radial plate before 56 fixed in the housing 12 of the starter 10.
  • An axial bore 58 is formed in a rear axial end 60 of the gear output shaft 20. It opens into the rear radial face 60 of the rear free end 62 of the output shaft 20 and is blind to its other front end.
  • the free end end portion 40 of the armature shaft 18 is received in the bore 58 with an axial clearance with respect to the bottom of the bore 58, and also with a radial clearance.
  • the free end end portion 40 has a smaller diameter than the section carrying the sun gear 42.
  • This configuration makes it possible to reserve an axial clearance between the front free end section 40 of the armature shaft 18 of the motor 16 and the gear output shaft 20.
  • the output shaft does not have a bore and the armature shaft is shortened so as not to rub against the output shaft.
  • a forward launcher 64 slides axially on a splined forward section of the gear output shaft 20, thereby constituting the launcher shaft, between a forward meshing position with a starter ring (not shown) and a rear position. rest as illustrated in figure 1 . In the rest position it bears axially backwards on a front shoulder surface 66 of the gear output shaft 20.
  • the contactor 14 is intended to control the axial sliding of the launcher 64 between its two axial positions front and rear.
  • the armature shaft 18 is guided in rotation by a second front bearing 68 which is interposed axially between the armature windings 22 and the epicyclic gearbox 44.
  • the second front bearing 68 is formed by a disc which extends in a radial plane and which comprises in its center an axial sleeve 70 through which a central orifice 72 passes through the armature shaft 18.
  • the sleeve 70 is protruding relative to the disc 68 forwards and backwards.
  • the central sleeve 70 and the disc 68 are rigidly connected. They are here made from matter in one piece.
  • the disc 68 is for example made of steel or aluminum or a plastic material.
  • a bearing section 74 of the armature shaft 18 is thus rotatably received in the central orifice 72 with the interposition of a smooth or needle-like guide ring, as illustrated in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the span portion 74 of the armature shaft 18 has a diameter greater than the rear intermediate section carrying the armature windings 22 and the front section carrying the planet gear 42 of the gear unit 44.
  • the span portion 74 has an outer diameter greater than or equal to that of the other sections of the armature shaft 18.
  • the armature windings 22 are in forward axial abutment against a rear shoulder radial face 78 of the bearing section 74.
  • the armature shaft 18 comprises a collar 82 which extends radially from the armature shaft 18 radially outwardly in the extension of the rear shoulder face 78.
  • the front face 84 of the collar 82 forms a shoulder face which is intended to abut axially forwardly against the rear end edge 86 of the sleeve 70 to wedge the armature shaft 18 axially forwardly.
  • the flange 82 is made here integrally with a sleeve 88.
  • the flange 82 extends radially outwardly from a rear edge 90 of the sleeve 88.
  • the sleeve 88 is force-fitted on the armature shaft 18 to form the outer cylindrical face of the bearing section 74 of the armature shaft 18.
  • the armature shaft does not have a flange, and the axial setting of the armature shaft is made by an axial abutment, such as a ball, which is interposed between the bottom of the bore of the rear axial end of the gearbox output shaft and a free front end radial face of the armature shaft.
  • the armature shaft can be made integrally or in two parts.
  • the disc 68 has on its rear face an excess thickness 92 which extends axially rearwards and which has a cylindrical surface of circular outer contour 94, hereinafter called outer contour 94, which is concentric with the outer circular edge free 96 of the disc 68.
  • annular skirt 98 extends axially forwardly from the front face of the disc 68.
  • the disc 68 has an annular peripheral tongue 102 that extends radially outwardly from the outer contours 94, 100 of the excess thickness 92 and the skirt 98, to the outer free edge 96 of the disc 68.
  • the excess thickness 92 is more particularly intended to be fitted into the front end of the yoke 21 so as to center the front bearing 68 directly with respect to the yoke 21 by radial support against the inner face of the front peripheral edge of the yoke 21.
  • the inside diameter of the front peripheral edge of the yoke 21 is substantially equal to the diameter of the outer contour 94 of the excess thickness 92.
  • the skirt 98 is intended to be fitted into a rear end of the casing 12 before so as to ensure the coaxiality of the armature shafts 18 and outlet 20.
  • the internal diameter of the rear end of the casing 12 is substantially equal to the diameter of the outer contour 100 of the skirt 98.
  • the annular tongue 102 is interposed axially and clamped between the peripheral edge of the front end of the yoke 21 and the peripheral rear end edge of the housing 12.
  • the disc 68 is axially fixed relative to the rigid assembly formed by the housing 12 and the cylinder head 21 after assembly.
  • the casing 12 is for example fixed to the yoke 21 by axial tie rods (not shown) and by bolts which allow axial clamping of the casing 12 against the yoke 21.
  • the disk 68 thus forms a dust-tight partition which prevents the passage of dust from the armature windings 22 to the gearbox 44, and vice versa. Disk 68 also prevents lubricant splashes necessary for the proper operation of the epicyclic gearbox 44 on the armature windings 22.
  • the back allowance 92 of the disk 68 has notches 104 in its outer contour 94, which are here four in number, and which are evenly distributed around its periphery.
  • the yoke 21 carries on its inner cylindrical face an inductor 106 which is formed by a plurality of magnetized bars 106 (or inductive coils in other embodiments) of axial orientation which are arranged regularly around the windings.
  • Magnetic bars 106 are here four in number.
  • the magnetized bars 106 are circumferentially separated by spacers (not shown) in the form of an axial clip with a transverse profile in the form of a "U" open radially inwards.
  • the inductor 106 is fixed relative to the yoke 21.
  • the free rear face 110 of the excess thickness 92 also makes it possible to block the axial displacements towards the front of the spacer staples of the inductor 106 or magnets according to the arrangement of the inductor.
  • the rear flange 52 for fixing the planet gears 46 of the gearbox 44 may bear axially against the front edge 112 of the bushing 70 of the disk 68.
  • the axis 48 of rotation of each planet gear 46 comprises is extended forwardly, respectively towards the rear, by a front stud 114, respectively by a rear stud 116, which have a smaller diameter than that of the axis of rotation 48.
  • Each pin 114, 116 is intended to be received, in force, by screwing or crimping, in an associated orifice flanges before 50 and rear 52 for fixing the axis of rotation 48 on the flanges 50, 52.
  • the axis of rotation 48 forms an axial spacer to prevent the axial pinching of the planet gears 46 between the two flanges 50, 52 when the front bearing 68 is supported axially against the rear flange 52.
  • the flanges 50, 52 are thus kept axially spaced apart sufficiently to allow free rotation of the planet gears 46.
  • the rear stud of each axis 48 of rotation of the planet gears 46 may extend axially protruding rearwardly from the rear face of the rear flange 52.
  • the front face of the disk 68 has an annular depression 118 forming a track to allow the passage of the projecting ends of the rear studs 116 of the axes 48 of rotation.
  • the disk 68 further comprises means for angular indexing of the cylinder head 21 with respect to the casing 12.
  • the disc 68 has two opposite notches 120 which are formed in its free outer edge 96. Each notch bites in the back allowance 92.
  • each notch 120 is intended to receive an associated pin 122 which extends axially rearwardly from the housing 12.
  • the lugs 122 are here borne by the outer ring gear 54 of the gearbox 44.
  • the ring 54 is in fact fixed rigidly in the housing 12. An angular indexing is thus made possible.
  • the disc comprises a lug which extends axially forwardly from a front edge, for example from the annular tongue, and which is intended to be received in a notch of the housing.
  • the housing may then comprise a plurality of notches so that the breech can be indexed at choice in one of several angular positions around its axis.
  • the interlocking of the lugs 122 in the notches 120 also makes it possible to consolidate the immobilization in rotation of the disc 68 with respect to the rigid assembly formed by the yoke 21 and the casing 12 after assembly.
  • the mounting of the starter 10 is part successive assembly of its components, and in particular by the establishment of the output shaft of the gearbox 20 and the epicyclic gearbox 44 in the housing 12, then the disk 68 forming the bearing before 68, after which the armature shaft 18 is introduced axially forwards into the central orifice 72 of the sleeve 70 of the disk 68.
  • the internal diameter of the central orifice 72 is greater than the outer diameter of the sun gear 42 to allow its passage for meshing with the planet gears 46.
  • the disk 68 forming a front bearing 68 makes it possible to perform several functions thanks to its arrangement in interposition between the armature windings 22 and the gearbox 44.
  • the disc 68 makes it possible to center the armature shaft 18 with respect to the yoke 21 by leaning directly on the internal cylindrical face of the yoke 21 thanks to the outer contour 94 of the excess thickness 92.
  • the diameter of the bearing section 74 which is greater than that of the other sections of the armature shaft 18, makes it possible to reinforce the robustness of the starter 10 while avoiding a premature wear of the front bearing 68 or the smooth or needle rotating guide ring with respect to other elements of the starter 10.
  • the large diameter makes it possible to obtain a cylindrical surface of greater reach between the shaft armature 18 and the front bearing 68, which allows to distribute the forces and thus to slow down the wear.
  • the rear end edge 86 of the bushing 70 of the disk 68 advantageously forms an axial abutment for the forward axial wedging of the armature shaft 18.
  • the disk 68 makes it possible to perform at the same time a radial centering function and axial stop.
  • the disk 68 thus arranged forms a bulkhead between the armature windings 22 and the epicyclic gearbox 44 which preserves the integrity of each of these two elements.
  • the disk 68 thus provided with notches 104 allows an angular indexing so as to simplify the mounting of the starter 10.
  • the portion of excess thickness 92 arranged circumferentially between two notches 104 makes it possible to ensure the axial stalling of the spacer clips of the inductor 106 of the electric motor 16.
  • the shape of the axes of rotation 48 of the planet gears 46 finally form a spacer which keeps the two flanges 50, 52 sufficiently spaced to allow the free rotation of the planet gears 46 in all circumstances.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)

Description

L'invention se rapporte à un démarreur de véhicule automobile.The invention relates to a motor vehicle starter.

L'invention se rapporte plus particulièrement à un démarreur de véhicule automobile comportant :

  • un moteur électrique comportant un arbre arrière d'induit qui porte des enroulements d'induit et qui est guidé en rotation par un premier palier arrière et par un deuxième palier avant ;
  • un arbre avant de sortie coaxial qui porte un lanceur et qui est entraîné en rotation par l'arbre d'induit ;
  • un réducteur à train épicycloïdal qui est interposé axialement entre l'arbre arrière d'induit et l'arbre avant de sortie pour leur accouplement.
The invention relates more particularly to a motor vehicle starter comprising:
  • an electric motor having a rear armature shaft which carries armature windings and which is guided in rotation by a first rear bearing and a second front bearing;
  • a coaxial front output shaft which carries a launcher and which is rotated by the armature shaft;
  • an epicyclic gearbox which is axially interposed between the armature rear shaft and the output front shaft for coupling.

Les véhicules automobiles à moteur à combustion interne sont classiquement équipés d'un démarreur comportant un pignon lanceur qui engrène une couronne du moteur pour l'entraînement en rotation du moteur lors de son démarrage.Motor vehicles with internal combustion engine are conventionally equipped with a starter comprising a starter gear which meshes a motor ring for the rotational drive of the engine when it starts.

Un démarreur est généralement conçu pour être utilisé une seule fois pour chaque voyage du véhicule, lors du démarrage du moteur.A starter is generally designed to be used only once for each trip of the vehicle, when starting the engine.

Cependant, de plus en plus de véhicules sont équipés de systèmes dits d'arrêt et de relance du moteur thermique, par la suite désigné "système d'arrêt-relance du moteur thermique", autrement connus sous la dénomination anglo-saxonne "stop and start".However, more and more vehicles are equipped with so-called systems for stopping and restarting the heat engine, hereinafter referred to as a "stop-recovery system for the heat engine", otherwise known by the English name "stop and start ".

Ces systèmes permettent d'arrêter le moteur thermique pendant les phases d'arrêt du véhicule, et de le redémarrer ou de le relancer dés l'apparition d'un stimulus tel que la première sollicitation du conducteur ou un autre critère visant a générer des économies de carburant.These systems make it possible to stop the engine during the stopping phases of the vehicle, and to restart it or restart it when a stimulus such as the first driver request or another criterion to generate savings occurs. fuel.

Ainsi, au cours d'un même voyage, le moteur est susceptible d'être arrêté plusieurs fois, par exemple à chaque feu rouge ou dans des encombrements routiers. Le démarreur d'un véhicule équipé d'un système d'arrêt-relance est ainsi susceptible d'être sollicité beaucoup plus qu'un démarreur de véhicule classique.Thus, during a single trip, the engine is likely to be stopped several times, for example at each red light or in road congestion. The starter of a vehicle equipped with a stop-recovery system is thus likely to be solicited much more than a conventional vehicle starter.

Du fait de cet usage intensif, certaines pièces du démarreur sont alors susceptibles d'être usées prématurément, écourtant ainsi la durée de vie du démarreur. C'est notamment le cas d'un des paliers de l'arbre d'induit du démarreur.Because of this intensive use, some parts of the starter are then likely to be worn prematurely, thereby shortening the life of the starter. This is particularly the case of one of the bearings of the starter armature shaft.

Le démarreur est en effet équipé d'un moteur électrique comportant un induit porté par un arbre d'induit. Un arbre de sortie coaxial à l'arbre d'induit est entraîné en rotation par ce dernier par l'intermédiaire d'un réducteur à train épicycloïdal.The starter is in fact equipped with an electric motor comprising an armature carried by an armature shaft. An output shaft coaxial with the armature shaft is rotated by the armature shaft through an epicyclic gearbox.

De manière connue, un tronçon axial intermédiaire de l'arbre d'induit porte un pignon planétaire du réducteur à train épicycloïdal qui transmet le mouvement de rotation de l'arbre d'induit à l'arbre de sortie. Le réducteur à train épicycloïdal comporte un ensemble de pignons satellites qui sont portés par l'arbre de sortie.In known manner, an intermediate axial portion of the armature shaft carries a sun gear of the epicyclic gear train which transmits the rotational movement of the armature shaft to the output shaft. The epicyclic gearbox comprises a set of planet gears which are carried by the output shaft.

Un perçage axial est réalisé dans une extrémité axiale arrière de l'arbre de sortie de réducteur. Il débouche dans la face radiale arrière de l'extrémité libre arrière de l'arbre de sortie et il est borgne à son autre extrémité avant.An axial bore is made in a rear axial end of the gear output shaft. It opens into the rear radial face of the rear free end of the output shaft and is blind at its other end.

Cette configuration permet le guidage en rotation du tronçon d'extrémité libre avant de l'arbre d'induit du moteur dans le perçage axial de l'arbre de sortie de réducteur avec interposition d'une bague de guidage lisse ou à aiguilles.This configuration makes it possible to guide in rotation the free end end section of the motor armature shaft in the axial bore of the gear output shaft with the interposition of a smooth or needle guide ring.

Cependant, le tronçon d'extrémité avant de guidage de l'arbre d'induit présente un diamètre inférieur aux autres tronçons de l'arbre d'induit, notamment pour permettre le montage d'éléments tel que le pignon planétaire sur l'arbre d'induit, mais aussi parce que le diamètre du perçage de l'arbre de sortie est limité par les dimensions de l'arbre de sortie. Le tronçon de guidage d'extrémité avant présente par exemple un diamètre de 10 mm.However, the leading end portion of the guide armature shaft has a diameter smaller than the other sections of the armature shaft, in particular to allow the mounting of elements such as the sun gear on the shaft of the armature shaft. induced, but also because the diameter of the hole of the output shaft is limited by the dimensions of the output shaft. The front end guide section has for example a diameter of 10 mm.

Or, le poids et le moment d'inertie de l'arbre d'induit sont trop élevés relativement au diamètre du tronçon de guidage de l'arbre d'induit pour que la bague de guidage puisse supporter des sollicitations intensives pendant une durée de vie de l'ordre de dix ans.However, the weight and the moment of inertia of the armature shaft are too high relative to the diameter of the guide section of the armature shaft so that the guide ring can withstand intensive stresses during a lifetime of the order of ten years.

Le document EP1406008 divulgue un démarreur comportant un moteur électrique avec un arbre arrière d'induit couplé en rotation par un réducteur à train épicycloïdal avec un arbre de sortie portant un lanceur. Un palier, guidant l'arbre arrière d'induit, est disposé axialement entre les enroulements d'induit et le réducteur. Pour résoudre notamment le problème ci-dessus, l'invention propose un démarreur du type décrit précédemment et comprenant les caractéristiques de la revendication 1. Dans le démarreur selon l'invention, le deuxième palier avant est interposé axialement entre les enroulements d'induit et le réducteur.The document EP1406008 discloses a starter comprising an electric motor with an armature rear shaft rotatably coupled by an epicyclic gearbox with an output shaft carrying a launcher. A bearing, guiding the armature rear shaft, is axially disposed between the armature windings and the gearbox. To solve in particular the above problem, the invention proposes a starter of the type described above and comprising the characteristics of claim 1. In the starter according to the invention, the second front bearing is interposed axially between the armature windings and the reducer.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention :

  • un tronçon de portée de l'arbre d'induit est reçu dans le palier avant, le tronçon de portée présentant un diamètre extérieur supérieur ou égal aux autres tronçons de l'arbre d'induit ;
  • l'arbre d'induit peut comporter une face d'épaulement qui est destinée à venir en butée axialement vers l'avant contre le deuxième palier avant pour limiter le déplacement de l'arbre d'induit axialement vers l'avant ;
  • la face d'épaulement peut être portée par une collerette qui s'étend radialement vers l'extérieur depuis l'arbre d'induit ;
  • le palier avant forme une cloison étanche entre les enroulements d'induit et le réducteur ;
  • le réducteur peut comporter des pignons satellites qui sont portés par l'arbre de sortie et qui sont montés à rotation entre deux flasques radiaux avant et arrière, les flasques étant maintenus écartés axialement par au moins une entretoise afin d'empêcher le pincement des pignons satellites lorsque le flasque arrière est appuyé axialement contre le palier ;
  • l'entretoise peut être formée par un axe de rotation d'un pignon satellite ;
  • le moteur électrique peut être logé dans une culasse cylindrique coaxiale à l'arbre d'induit, le palier avant étant centré directement par rapport à la culasse par appui radial contre la face cylindrique interne du bord périphérique avant de la culasse ;
  • le démarreur peut comporter un carter avant sur lequel sont fixés le moteur électrique et un contacteur qui est destiné à commander le coulissement axial du lanceur, le palier avant étant interposé axialement entre le carter et la culasse ;
  • le palier avant peut comporter des moyens d'indexation angulaire de la culasse par rapport au carter ;
  • le palier avant peut être indexé angulairement par rapport au carter au moyen d'au moins une encoche qui est portée par l'un ou l'autre du palier avant ou du carter et qui est destinée à recevoir un ergot porté par l'autre élément ;
  • le démarreur peut comporter un inducteur qui est formé par une pluralité de barres aimantées d'orientation axiales qui sont agencées régulièrement autour des enroulements d'induit, le palier avant comportant des échancrures dont chacune est destinée à recevoir l'extrémité avant d'une barre aimantée pour indexer angulairement le palier avant par rapport à la culasse. Cependant, conformément à d'autres formes de réalisation de l'invention, l'inducteur peut être de type tout à fait quelconque, avec une pluralité d'aimants et/ou bobines qui peuvent être disposés de différentes manières.
  • les barres aimantées peuvent être séparées circonférentiellement par des entretoises axiales, le coulissement axial des entretoises vers l'avant étant limité par une face radiale d'extrémité arrière du palier avant. Par ailleurs, il est également possible de limiter vers l'avant le coulissement axial de certaines parties de l'inducteur, par exemple les aimants et les shunts.
According to other features of the invention:
  • a bearing section of the armature shaft is received in the front bearing, the bearing section having an outer diameter greater than or equal to the other sections of the armature shaft;
  • the armature shaft may comprise a shoulder face which is intended to abut axially forwardly against the second front bearing to limit the displacement of the armature shaft axially forward;
  • the shoulder face may be carried by a flange which extends radially outwardly from the armature shaft;
  • the front bearing forms a bulkhead between the armature windings and the gearbox;
  • the gearbox may comprise planet gears which are carried by the output shaft and which are rotatably mounted between two radial front and rear flanges, the flanges being maintained axially spaced apart by at least one spacer to prevent pinching of the planet gears when the rear flange is axially supported against the bearing;
  • the spacer may be formed by an axis of rotation of a satellite pinion;
  • the electric motor can be housed in a cylindrical yoke coaxial with the armature shaft, the front bearing being centered directly with respect to the yoke by radial support against the inner cylindrical face of the front peripheral edge of the yoke;
  • the starter may comprise a front casing on which are fixed the electric motor and a contactor which is intended to control the axial sliding of the launcher, the front bearing being interposed axially between the casing and the cylinder head;
  • the front bearing may comprise angular indexing means of the cylinder head relative to the housing;
  • the front bearing can be indexed angularly relative to the housing by means of at least one notch which is carried by one or the other of the front bearing or housing and which is intended to receive a lug carried by the other element ;
  • the starter may comprise an inductor which is formed by a plurality of axially oriented magnetized bars which are arranged regularly around the armature windings, the front bearing having indentations each of which is intended to receive the front end of a bar magnetized to angularly index the front bearing relative to the cylinder head. However, according to other embodiments of the invention, the inductor may be of any type, with a plurality of magnets and / or coils which may be arranged in different ways.
  • the magnetized bars may be circumferentially separated by axial spacers, the axial sliding of the spacers forwardly being limited by a radial rear end face of the front bearing. Furthermore, it is also possible to limit forward the axial sliding of certain parts of the inductor, for example magnets and shunts.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre pour la compréhension de laquelle on se reportera aux dessins annexés parmi lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente un démarreur selon l'invention illustré en section axiale partielle ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en perspective qui représente le palier avant de l'arbre d'induit qui est réalisé selon les enseignements de l'invention ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe axiale selon le plan de coupe 3-3 de la figure 2 ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue éclatée en coupe axiale qui représente l'arbre d'induit sur lequel sont rapportés un manchon équipé d'une collerette et un pignon planétaire ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue de détail à plus grande échelle en coupe axiale qui représente un pignon satellite du réducteur à train épicycloïdal de la figure 1 ; et
  • la figure 6 est une vue en perspective éclatée du démarreur.
Other features and benefits will appear at the reading of the detailed description which will follow for the understanding of which reference will be made to the appended drawings among which:
  • the figure 1 represents a starter according to the invention illustrated in partial axial section;
  • the figure 2 is a perspective view showing the front bearing of the armature shaft which is made according to the teachings of the invention;
  • the figure 3 is an axial sectional view along the sectional plane 3-3 of the figure 2 ;
  • the figure 4 is an exploded view in axial section which represents the armature shaft on which are reported a sleeve equipped with a flange and a sun gear;
  • the figure 5 is a detail view on a larger scale in axial section which shows a pinion satellite of the epicyclic gear reducer of the figure 1 ; and
  • the figure 6 is an exploded perspective view of the starter.

Dans la suite de la description on adoptera à titre non limitatif une orientation axiale dirigée d'arrière en avant et indiquée par la flèche "A" des figures.In the following description will be adopted without limitation an axial orientation directed from back to front and indicated by the arrow "A" of the figures.

Dans la suite de la description, des éléments ayant des fonctions similaires, analogues ou identiques seront indiqués par un même numéro de référence.In the remainder of the description, elements having similar, analogous or identical functions will be indicated by the same reference number.

On a représenté sur la figure 1 un démarreur 10 de véhicule automobile qui comporte un carter 12 avant sur lequel sont fixés un contacteur 14 et un moteur électrique 16.We have shown on the figure 1 a starter 10 of a motor vehicle which comprises a front casing 12 on which are fixed a contactor 14 and an electric motor 16.

Le moteur électrique 16 entraîne en rotation un arbre arrière d'induit 18 qui entraîne lui-même en rotation un arbre avant de sortie 20. L'arbre avant de sortie 20 est coaxial à l'arbre d'induit 18 du moteur électrique 16.The electric motor 16 drives in rotation a rear armature shaft 18 which itself rotates a front output shaft 20. The output front shaft 20 is coaxial with the armature shaft 18 of the electric motor 16.

Le moteur électrique 16 est logé dans une culasse 21 sensiblement tubulaire cylindrique de révolution qui est coaxiale à l'arbre d'induit 18 et qui est fixée rigidement au carter 12.The electric motor 16 is housed in a substantially tubular cylindrical cylinder head 21 of revolution which is coaxial with the armature shaft 18 and which is rigidly fixed to the casing 12.

Le moteur 16 est un moteur électrique série à inducteurs 106 à courant continu. Il a pour but de transformer l'énergie électrique qui lui est fournie en énergie mécanique pour faire tourner l'arbre d'induit 18.The motor 16 is a series electric motor with inductors 106 DC. Its purpose is to transform the electrical energy supplied to it into mechanical energy to rotate the armature shaft 18.

Le moteur électrique 16 comporte l'arbre d'induit 18 dont un tronçon intermédiaire porte les enroulements d'induit 22 du moteur 16 et dont un tronçon axial arrière 24, porte un collecteur 26 à pistes annulaires.The electric motor 16 comprises the armature shaft 18, an intermediate section carries the armature windings 22 of the motor 16 and a rear axial section 24 carries a collector 26 with annular tracks.

Un capot arrière de fermeture 28 est fixé axialement sur le bord circulaire d'extrémité arrière de la culasse 21.A rear closure cover 28 is fixed axially on the circular end edge of the breech 21.

Une extrémité libre arrière 30 de l'arbre d'induit 18 est guidée en rotation dans un premier palier arrière 32 formé par un logement du capot de fermeture 28. Ce logement arrière 32 est solidaire du capot de fermeture 28.A free rear end 30 of the armature shaft 18 is guided in rotation in a first rear bearing 32 formed by a housing of the closure cap 28. This rear housing 32 is integral with the closure cap 28.

Une bague de guidage 34, telle qu'une douille à aiguilles ou une bague de glissement, est montée sur le diamètre intérieur du logement arrière 32. Ce montage permet de minimiser les frottements du tronçon d'extrémité libre arrière 30 de l'arbre d'induit 18 dans le logement arrière 32.A guide ring 34, such as a needle bushing or a sliding ring, is mounted on the inside diameter of the rear housing 32. This arrangement makes it possible to minimize the friction of the rear free end section 30 of the shaft. 18 induces in the rear housing 32.

Un moyen de butée axiale (non représenté), tel qu'une rondelle, est intercalé entre la face radiale d'extrémité arrière 36 de l'arbre d'induit 18 et le fond 38 du logement 32 du capot de fermeture 28.An axial abutment means (not shown), such as a washer, is interposed between the rear end radial face 36 of the armature shaft 18 and the bottom 38 of the housing 32 of the closure cap 28.

La partie avant de l'arbre d'induit 18 est étagée. Un tronçon d'extrémité libre avant 40 est délimité vers l'arrière par un pignon planétaire 42 d'un réducteur à train épicycloïdal 44 qui transmet le mouvement de rotation de l'arbre d'induit 18 à l'arbre de sortie 20.The front portion of the armature shaft 18 is stepped. A free end end portion 40 is delimited rearwardly by a sun gear 42 of an epicyclic gearbox 44 which transmits the rotational movement of the armature shaft 18 to the output shaft 20.

Le réducteur à train épicycloïdal 44 est interposé axialement entre l'arbre arrière d'induit 18 et l'arbre avant de sortie 20.The epicyclic gearbox 44 is interposed axially between the rear armature shaft 18 and the front output shaft 20.

Le réducteur 44 comporte un ensemble de pignons satellites 46, ici au nombre de trois, dont les axes de rotation 48 sont portés par un premier flasque avant 50 d'orientation radiale qui est solidaire en translation et en rotation de l'arbre de sortie de réducteur 20 et qui est fixé sur ce dernier, par exemple par sertissage. Les pignons satellites 46 sont ainsi portés par l'arbre de sortie 20 qui forme un porte-satellite.The gearbox 44 comprises a set of planet gears 46, here three in number, whose axes of rotation 48 are carried by a first front flange 50 of radial orientation which is integral in translation and in rotation with the gear output shaft 20 and which is fixed on the latter, for example by crimping. The planet gears 46 are thus carried by the output shaft 20 which forms a planet carrier.

Les pignons satellites 46 sont immobilisés axialement en translation par un deuxième flasque arrière 52 emmanché à force sur les axes 48 des pignons satellites 46.The planet gears 46 are immobilized axially in translation by a second rear flange 52 force-fitted on the axes 48 of the planet gears 46.

Ainsi, les pignons satellites 46 sont montés à rotation entre les deux flasques radiaux avant 50 et arrière 52.Thus, the planet gears 46 are rotatably mounted between the two radial front flanges 50 and rear 52.

Selon une variante non représentée de l'invention, le maintien en translation des pignons satellites 46 est réalisé par des axes de satellite 48 vissés dans le flasque avant 50 et comportant chacun une tête.According to a variant not shown of the invention, the translation of the planet gears 46 is maintained by satellite axes 48 screwed into the front flange 50 and each having a head.

Le réducteur 44 comporte aussi une couronne périphérique 54 à denture interne qui est fixée, dans l'ensemble représenté, par surmoulage dans une plaque radiale avant 56 fixée dans le carter 12 du démarreur 10.The gearbox 44 also comprises a peripheral ring 54 with internal teeth which is fixed, in the assembly shown, by overmolding in a radial plate before 56 fixed in the housing 12 of the starter 10.

Un perçage axial 58 est réalisé dans une extrémité axiale arrière 60 de l'arbre de sortie de réducteur 20. Il débouche dans la face radiale arrière 60 de l'extrémité libre arrière 62 de l'arbre de sortie 20 et il est borgne à son autre extrémité avant.An axial bore 58 is formed in a rear axial end 60 of the gear output shaft 20. It opens into the rear radial face 60 of the rear free end 62 of the output shaft 20 and is blind to its other front end.

Le tronçon d'extrémité avant libre 40 de l'arbre d'induit 18 est reçu dans le perçage 58 avec une jeu axial par rapport au fond du perçage 58, et aussi avec un jeu radial. Le tronçon d'extrémité libre avant 40 présente un diamètre inférieur à celui du tronçon qui porte le pignon planétaire 42.The free end end portion 40 of the armature shaft 18 is received in the bore 58 with an axial clearance with respect to the bottom of the bore 58, and also with a radial clearance. The free end end portion 40 has a smaller diameter than the section carrying the sun gear 42.

Cette configuration permet de réserver un jeu axial entre le tronçon d'extrémité libre avant 40 de l'arbre d'induit 18 du moteur 16 et l'arbre de sortie de réducteur 20.This configuration makes it possible to reserve an axial clearance between the front free end section 40 of the armature shaft 18 of the motor 16 and the gear output shaft 20.

Selon une variante non représentée de l'invention, l'arbre de sortie ne comporte pas de perçage et l'arbre d'induit est écourté de manière à ne pas frotter contre l'arbre de sortie.According to a variant not shown of the invention, the output shaft does not have a bore and the armature shaft is shortened so as not to rub against the output shaft.

Un lanceur avant 64 coulisse axialement sur un tronçon avant cannelé de l'arbre de sortie de réducteur 20, qui constitue ainsi l'arbre de lanceur, entre une position avant d'engrènement avec une couronne de démarreur (non représentée) et une position arrière de repos comme illustrée à la figure 1. En position de repos il est en appui axial vers l'arrière sur une surface frontale d'épaulement 66 de l'arbre de sortie de réducteur 20.A forward launcher 64 slides axially on a splined forward section of the gear output shaft 20, thereby constituting the launcher shaft, between a forward meshing position with a starter ring (not shown) and a rear position. rest as illustrated in figure 1 . In the rest position it bears axially backwards on a front shoulder surface 66 of the gear output shaft 20.

Le contacteur 14 est destiné à commander le coulissement axial du lanceur 64 entre ses deux positions axiales avant et arrière.The contactor 14 is intended to control the axial sliding of the launcher 64 between its two axial positions front and rear.

Selon les enseignements de l'invention, l'arbre d'induit 18 est guidé en rotation par un deuxième palier avant 68 qui est interposé axialement entre les enroulements d'induit 22 et le réducteur à train épicycloïdal 44.According to the teachings of the invention, the armature shaft 18 is guided in rotation by a second front bearing 68 which is interposed axially between the armature windings 22 and the epicyclic gearbox 44.

Comme représenté plus en détails aux figures 2 et 3, le deuxième palier avant 68 est formé par un disque qui s'étend dans un plan radial et qui comporte en son centre une douille axiale 70 traversée par un orifice central 72 de passage de l'arbre d'induit 18. La douille 70 est saillante par rapport au disque 68 vers l'avant et vers l'arrière.As shown in more detail in Figures 2 and 3 , the second front bearing 68 is formed by a disc which extends in a radial plane and which comprises in its center an axial sleeve 70 through which a central orifice 72 passes through the armature shaft 18. The sleeve 70 is protruding relative to the disc 68 forwards and backwards.

La douille centrale 70 et le disque 68 sont liés rigidement. Ils sont ici réalisés venus de matière en une seule pièce. Le disque 68 est par exemple réalisé en acier ou en aluminium ou encore en un matériau plastique.The central sleeve 70 and the disc 68 are rigidly connected. They are here made from matter in one piece. The disc 68 is for example made of steel or aluminum or a plastic material.

Un tronçon de portée 74 de l'arbre d'induit 18 est ainsi reçu à rotation dans l'orifice central 72 avec interposition d'une bague de guidage lisse ou à aiguilles, comme illustré à la figure 1.A bearing section 74 of the armature shaft 18 is thus rotatably received in the central orifice 72 with the interposition of a smooth or needle-like guide ring, as illustrated in FIG. figure 1 .

Le tronçon de portée 74 de l'arbre d'induit 18 présente un diamètre supérieur au tronçon intermédiaire arrière qui porte les enroulements d'induit 22 et au tronçon avant qui porte le pignon planétaire 42 du réducteur 44. Dans l'exemple représenté aux figures, le tronçon de portée 74 présente un diamètre extérieur supérieur ou égal à celui des autres tronçons de l'arbre d'induit 18.The span portion 74 of the armature shaft 18 has a diameter greater than the rear intermediate section carrying the armature windings 22 and the front section carrying the planet gear 42 of the gear unit 44. In the example shown in FIGS. the span portion 74 has an outer diameter greater than or equal to that of the other sections of the armature shaft 18.

Ainsi, les enroulements d'induit 22 sont en butée axiale vers l'avant contre une face radiale arrière d'épaulement 78 du tronçon de portée 74.Thus, the armature windings 22 are in forward axial abutment against a rear shoulder radial face 78 of the bearing section 74.

L'arbre d'induit 18 comporte une collerette 82 qui s'étend radialement depuis l'arbre d'induit 18 radialement vers l'extérieur dans le prolongement de la face arrière d'épaulement 78. La face avant 84 de la collerette 82 forme une face d'épaulement qui est destinée à venir en butée axialement vers l'avant contre le bord d'extrémité arrière 86 de la douille 70 pour caler l'arbre d'induit 18 axialement vers l'avant.The armature shaft 18 comprises a collar 82 which extends radially from the armature shaft 18 radially outwardly in the extension of the rear shoulder face 78. The front face 84 of the collar 82 forms a shoulder face which is intended to abut axially forwardly against the rear end edge 86 of the sleeve 70 to wedge the armature shaft 18 axially forwardly.

Comme représenté à la figure 4, la collerette 82 est ici réalisée venue de matière avec un manchon 88. La collerette 82 s'étend radialement vers l'extérieur depuis un bord arrière 90 du manchon 88. Le manchon 88 est emmanchée en force sur l'arbre d'induit 18 pour former la face cylindrique externe du tronçon de portée 74 de l'arbre d'induit 18.As represented in figure 4 , the flange 82 is made here integrally with a sleeve 88. The flange 82 extends radially outwardly from a rear edge 90 of the sleeve 88. The sleeve 88 is force-fitted on the armature shaft 18 to form the outer cylindrical face of the bearing section 74 of the armature shaft 18.

En variante non représentée de l'invention, l'arbre d'induit ne comporte pas de collerette, et le calage axial de l'arbre d'induit vers l'avant est réalisé par une butée axiale, telle qu'une bille, qui est interposée entre le fond du perçage de l'extrémité axiale arrière de l'arbre de sortie de réducteur et une face radiale d'extrémité avant libre de l'arbre d'induit. Selon encore d'autres formes de réalisation, l'arbre d'induit peut être réalisé de manière monobloc ou en deux parties.In a variant not shown of the invention, the armature shaft does not have a flange, and the axial setting of the armature shaft is made by an axial abutment, such as a ball, which is interposed between the bottom of the bore of the rear axial end of the gearbox output shaft and a free front end radial face of the armature shaft. According to still other embodiments, the armature shaft can be made integrally or in two parts.

Comme représenté aux figures 2 et 3, le disque 68 comporte sur sa face arrière une surépaisseur 92 qui s'étend axialement vers l'arrière et qui présente une face cylindrique de contour extérieur 94 circulaire, par la suite appelée contour extérieur 94, qui est concentrique au bord circulaire extérieur libre 96 du disque 68.As represented in Figures 2 and 3 , the disc 68 has on its rear face an excess thickness 92 which extends axially rearwards and which has a cylindrical surface of circular outer contour 94, hereinafter called outer contour 94, which is concentric with the outer circular edge free 96 of the disc 68.

De même, une jupe annulaire 98 s'étend axialement vers l'avant depuis la face avant du disque 68.Similarly, an annular skirt 98 extends axially forwardly from the front face of the disc 68.

Ainsi, le disque 68 comporte une languette périphérique annulaire 102 qui s'étend radialement vers l'extérieur depuis les contours extérieurs 94, 100 de la surépaisseur 92 et de la jupe 98, jusqu'au bord extérieur libre 96 du disque 68.Thus, the disc 68 has an annular peripheral tongue 102 that extends radially outwardly from the outer contours 94, 100 of the excess thickness 92 and the skirt 98, to the outer free edge 96 of the disc 68.

La surépaisseur 92 est plus particulièrement destiné à être emboîtée dans l'extrémité avant de la culasse 21 de manière à centrer le palier avant 68 directement par rapport à la culasse 21 par appui radial contre la face interne du bord périphérique avant de la culasse 21. A cet effet, le diamètre intérieur du bord périphérique avant de la culasse 21 est sensiblement égal au diamètre du contour extérieur 94 de la surépaisseur 92.The excess thickness 92 is more particularly intended to be fitted into the front end of the yoke 21 so as to center the front bearing 68 directly with respect to the yoke 21 by radial support against the inner face of the front peripheral edge of the yoke 21. For this purpose, the inside diameter of the front peripheral edge of the yoke 21 is substantially equal to the diameter of the outer contour 94 of the excess thickness 92.

De même, la jupe 98 est destinée à être emboîtée dans une extrémité arrière du carter 12 avant de manière à assurer la coaxialité des arbres d'induit 18 et de sortie 20. A cet effet, le diamètre interne de l'extrémité arrière du carter 12 est sensiblement égal au diamètre du contour extérieur 100 de la jupe 98.Similarly, the skirt 98 is intended to be fitted into a rear end of the casing 12 before so as to ensure the coaxiality of the armature shafts 18 and outlet 20. For this purpose, the internal diameter of the rear end of the casing 12 is substantially equal to the diameter of the outer contour 100 of the skirt 98.

Ainsi, comme illustré à la figure 1, la languette annulaire 102 est interposée axialement et serrée entre le bord périphérique d'extrémité avant de la culasse 21 et le bord périphérique d'extrémité arrière du carter 12. Ainsi, le disque 68 est fixe axialement par rapport à l'ensemble rigide formé par le carter 12 et la culasse 21 après leur assemblage.Thus, as illustrated in figure 1 , the annular tongue 102 is interposed axially and clamped between the peripheral edge of the front end of the yoke 21 and the peripheral rear end edge of the housing 12. Thus, the disc 68 is axially fixed relative to the rigid assembly formed by the housing 12 and the cylinder head 21 after assembly.

Le carter 12 est par exemple fixé à la culasse 21 par des tirants axiaux (non représentés) et par des boulons qui permettent le serrage axial du carter 12 contre la culasse 21.The casing 12 is for example fixed to the yoke 21 by axial tie rods (not shown) and by bolts which allow axial clamping of the casing 12 against the yoke 21.

Le disque 68 forme ainsi une cloison étanche aux poussières qui empêche le passage de poussière depuis les enroulements d'induit 22 vers le réducteur 44, et réciproquement. Le disque 68 permet aussi d'éviter les projections de lubrifiant nécessaire au bon fonctionnement du réducteur à train épicycloïdal 44 sur les enroulements d'induit 22.The disk 68 thus forms a dust-tight partition which prevents the passage of dust from the armature windings 22 to the gearbox 44, and vice versa. Disk 68 also prevents lubricant splashes necessary for the proper operation of the epicyclic gearbox 44 on the armature windings 22.

La surépaisseur 92 arrière du disque 68 comporte des échancrures 104 dans son contour extérieur 94, qui sont ici au nombre de quatre, et qui sont réparties régulièrement sur son pourtour.The back allowance 92 of the disk 68 has notches 104 in its outer contour 94, which are here four in number, and which are evenly distributed around its periphery.

Plus particulièrement, la culasse 21 porte sur sa face cylindrique interne un inducteur 106 qui est formé par une pluralité de barres aimantées 106 (ou bobines inductrices dans d'autres formes de réalisation) d'orientation axiales qui sont agencées régulièrement autour des enroulements d'induit 22. Les barres aimantées 106 sont ici au nombre de quatre. Les barres aimantées 106 sont séparées circonférentiellement par des entretoises (non représentées) en forme d'agrafe axiale à profil transversal en forme de "U" ouvert radialement vers l'intérieur. L'inducteur 106 est fixe par rapport à la culasse 21.More particularly, the yoke 21 carries on its inner cylindrical face an inductor 106 which is formed by a plurality of magnetized bars 106 (or inductive coils in other embodiments) of axial orientation which are arranged regularly around the windings. Induction 22. Magnetic bars 106 are here four in number. The magnetized bars 106 are circumferentially separated by spacers (not shown) in the form of an axial clip with a transverse profile in the form of a "U" open radially inwards. The inductor 106 is fixed relative to the yoke 21.

La face arrière libre 110 de la surépaisseur 92 permet aussi de bloquer les déplacements axiaux vers l'avant des agrafes d'entretoise de l'inducteur 106 ou des aimants suivant l'agencement de l'inducteur.The free rear face 110 of the excess thickness 92 also makes it possible to block the axial displacements towards the front of the spacer staples of the inductor 106 or magnets according to the arrangement of the inductor.

Par ailleurs, durant le fonctionnement du démarreur 10, le flasque arrière 52 de fixation des pignons satellites 46 du réducteur 44 est susceptible d'être en appui axialement contre le bord avant 112 de la douille 70 du disque 68.Furthermore, during the operation of the starter 10, the rear flange 52 for fixing the planet gears 46 of the gearbox 44 may bear axially against the front edge 112 of the bushing 70 of the disk 68.

Comme représenté à la figure 5, pour éviter que les pignons satellites 46 ne soient serrés entre les deux flasques 50, 52, et ainsi freinés dans leur rotations propre, l'axe 48 de rotation de chaque pignon satellite 46 comporte est prolongé vers l'avant, respectivement vers l'arrière, par un téton avant 114, respectivement par un téton arrière 116, qui présentent un diamètre inférieur à celui de l'axe de rotation 48. Chaque téton 114, 116 est destiné à être reçu, en force, par vissage ou par sertissage, dans un orifice associé des flasques avant 50 et arrière 52 pour la fixation de l'axe de rotation 48 sur les flasques 50, 52.As represented in figure 5 , in order to prevent the planet gears 46 from being clamped between the two flanges 50, 52, and thus braked in their own rotations, the axis 48 of rotation of each planet gear 46 comprises is extended forwardly, respectively towards the rear, by a front stud 114, respectively by a rear stud 116, which have a smaller diameter than that of the axis of rotation 48. Each pin 114, 116 is intended to be received, in force, by screwing or crimping, in an associated orifice flanges before 50 and rear 52 for fixing the axis of rotation 48 on the flanges 50, 52.

Ainsi, l'axe de rotation 48 forme une entretoise axiale afin d'empêcher le pincement axial des pignons satellites 46 entre les deux flasques 50, 52 lorsque le palier avant 68 est appuyé axialement contre le flasque arrière 52. Les flasques 50, 52 sont ainsi maintenus écartés axialement de manière suffisante pour permettre la rotation libre des pignons satellites 46.Thus, the axis of rotation 48 forms an axial spacer to prevent the axial pinching of the planet gears 46 between the two flanges 50, 52 when the front bearing 68 is supported axially against the rear flange 52. The flanges 50, 52 are thus kept axially spaced apart sufficiently to allow free rotation of the planet gears 46.

Selon le mode de fixation, le téton arrière de chaque axe 48 de rotation des pignons satellites 46 peut s'étendrent en saillies axialement vers l'arrière depuis la face arrière du flasque arrière 52. Pour permettre leur passage sans augmenter l'encombrement axial du démarreur 10, la face avant du disque 68 présente une dépression annulaire 118 formant une piste pour permettre le passage des extrémités en saillie des tétons arrière 116 des axes 48 de rotation.According to the method of attachment, the rear stud of each axis 48 of rotation of the planet gears 46 may extend axially protruding rearwardly from the rear face of the rear flange 52. To allow their passage without increasing the axial size of the starter 10, the front face of the disk 68 has an annular depression 118 forming a track to allow the passage of the projecting ends of the rear studs 116 of the axes 48 of rotation.

Le disque 68 comporte en outre des moyens d'indexation angulaire de la culasse 21 par rapport au carter 12.The disk 68 further comprises means for angular indexing of the cylinder head 21 with respect to the casing 12.

A cet effet, le disque 68 comporte deux encoches opposées 120 qui sont réalisées dans son bord extérieur libre 96. Chaque encoche mord dans la surépaisseur 92 arrière.For this purpose, the disc 68 has two opposite notches 120 which are formed in its free outer edge 96. Each notch bites in the back allowance 92.

Comme représenté à la figure 1, chaque encoche 120 est destinée à recevoir un ergot 122 associé qui s'étend axialement vers l'arrière depuis le carter 12. Les ergots 122 sont ici portés par la couronne extérieure 54 du réducteur 44. La couronne 54 est en effet fixée rigidement dans le carter 12. Un indexage angulaire est ainsi rendu possible.As represented in figure 1 , each notch 120 is intended to receive an associated pin 122 which extends axially rearwardly from the housing 12. The lugs 122 are here borne by the outer ring gear 54 of the gearbox 44. The ring 54 is in fact fixed rigidly in the housing 12. An angular indexing is thus made possible.

Selon une variante non représentée de l'invention, le disque comporte un ergot qui s'étend axialement vers l'avant depuis un bord avant, par exemple depuis la languette annulaire, et qui est destiné à être reçu dans une encoche du carter. Le carter peut alors comporter une pluralité d'encoches de manière que la culasse puisse être indexée au choix dans une de plusieurs positions angulaires autour de son axe.According to a variant not shown of the invention, the disc comprises a lug which extends axially forwardly from a front edge, for example from the annular tongue, and which is intended to be received in a notch of the housing. The housing may then comprise a plurality of notches so that the breech can be indexed at choice in one of several angular positions around its axis.

L'emboîtement des ergots 122 dans les encoches 120 permet en outre de conforter l'immobilisation en rotation du disque 68 par rapport à l'ensemble rigide formé par la culasse 21 et le carter 12 après montage.The interlocking of the lugs 122 in the notches 120 also makes it possible to consolidate the immobilization in rotation of the disc 68 with respect to the rigid assembly formed by the yoke 21 and the casing 12 after assembly.

Comme représenté aux figures 4 et 6, le montage du démarreur 10 se fait part assemblage successif de ses composants, et notamment par la mise en place de l'arbre de sortie de réducteur 20 et du réducteur à train épicycloïdal 44 dans le carter 12, puis du disque 68 formant le palier avant 68, ensuite de quoi l'arbre d'induit 18 est introduit axialement vers l'avant dans l'orifice central 72 de la douille 70 du disque 68.As represented in Figures 4 and 6 , the mounting of the starter 10 is part successive assembly of its components, and in particular by the establishment of the output shaft of the gearbox 20 and the epicyclic gearbox 44 in the housing 12, then the disk 68 forming the bearing before 68, after which the armature shaft 18 is introduced axially forwards into the central orifice 72 of the sleeve 70 of the disk 68.

A cet effet, le diamètre interne de l'orifice central 72 est supérieur au diamètre externe du pignon planétaire 42 afin de permettre son passage pour engrènement avec les pignons satellites 46.For this purpose, the internal diameter of the central orifice 72 is greater than the outer diameter of the sun gear 42 to allow its passage for meshing with the planet gears 46.

Pour éviter le frottement entre des éléments mobiles en rotation et des éléments fixes, il est nécessaire de prévoir des jeux de fonctionnement axiaux lors de la conception du démarreur 10, notamment entre la face avant 84 de la collerette 82 de l'arbre d'induit 18 et le bord d'extrémité arrière 86 de la douille 70 du disque 68.To avoid friction between rotating elements and fixed elements, it is necessary to provide axial operating clearances during the design of the starter 10, in particular between the front face 84 of the collar 82 of the armature shaft. 18 and the rear end edge 86 of the sleeve 70 of the disk 68.

Le disque 68 formant palier avant 68 permet de réaliser plusieurs fonctions grâce à son agencement en interposition entre les enroulements d'induit 22 et le réducteur 44.The disk 68 forming a front bearing 68 makes it possible to perform several functions thanks to its arrangement in interposition between the armature windings 22 and the gearbox 44.

Ainsi, le disque 68 permet de centrer l'arbre d'induit 18 par rapport à la culasse 21 en s'appuyant directement sur la face cylindrique interne de la culasse 21 grâce au contour extérieur 94 de la surépaisseur 92.Thus, the disc 68 makes it possible to center the armature shaft 18 with respect to the yoke 21 by leaning directly on the internal cylindrical face of the yoke 21 thanks to the outer contour 94 of the excess thickness 92.

De plus, le diamètre du tronçon de portée 74 qui est supérieur à celui des autres tronçons de l'arbre d'induit 18, permet de renforcer la robustesse du démarreur 10 en évitant une usure prématurée du palier avant 68 ou de la bague de guidage en rotation lisse ou à aiguille par rapport à d'autres éléments du démarreur 10. En effet, le diamètre important permet d'obtenir une surface cylindrique de portée plus importante entre l'arbre d'induit 18 et le palier avant 68, ce qui permet de répartir les efforts et ainsi de ralentir l'usure.In addition, the diameter of the bearing section 74 which is greater than that of the other sections of the armature shaft 18, makes it possible to reinforce the robustness of the starter 10 while avoiding a premature wear of the front bearing 68 or the smooth or needle rotating guide ring with respect to other elements of the starter 10. In fact, the large diameter makes it possible to obtain a cylindrical surface of greater reach between the shaft armature 18 and the front bearing 68, which allows to distribute the forces and thus to slow down the wear.

En outre, le bord d'extrémité arrière 86 de la douille 70 du disque 68 forme avantageusement une butée axiale pour le calage axial vers l'avant de l'arbre d'induit 18. Ainsi, le disque 68 permet de réaliser à la fois une fonction de centrage radial et de butée axiale.In addition, the rear end edge 86 of the bushing 70 of the disk 68 advantageously forms an axial abutment for the forward axial wedging of the armature shaft 18. Thus, the disk 68 makes it possible to perform at the same time a radial centering function and axial stop.

Lorsque la collerette 82 de l'arbre d'induit 18 appuie axialement vers l'avant contre la douille 70 du disque 68, l'effort axial est transmis au bord périphérique du carter 12 via la languette annulaire 102.When the flange 82 of the armature shaft 18 bears axially forwards against the bushing 70 of the disc 68, the axial force is transmitted to the peripheral edge of the casing 12 via the annular tongue 102.

De plus, le disque 68 ainsi agencé forme une cloison étanche entre les enroulements d'induit 22 et le réducteur à train épicycloïdal 44 qui permet de préserver l'intégrité de chacun de ces deux éléments.In addition, the disk 68 thus arranged forms a bulkhead between the armature windings 22 and the epicyclic gearbox 44 which preserves the integrity of each of these two elements.

Le disque 68 ainsi muni d'échancrures 104 autorise une indexation angulaire de manière à simplifier le montage du démarreur 10.The disk 68 thus provided with notches 104 allows an angular indexing so as to simplify the mounting of the starter 10.

En outre, la portion de surépaisseur 92 agencée circonférentiellement entre deux échancrures 104 permet d'assurer le calage axial des agrafes d'entretoise de l'inducteur 106 du moteur électrique 16.In addition, the portion of excess thickness 92 arranged circumferentially between two notches 104 makes it possible to ensure the axial stalling of the spacer clips of the inductor 106 of the electric motor 16.

La forme des axes de rotation 48 des pignons satellites 46 forment enfin une entretoise qui permet de maintenir les deux flasques 50, 52 suffisamment écartés pour permettre la rotation libre des pignons satellites 46 en toutes circonstances.The shape of the axes of rotation 48 of the planet gears 46 finally form a spacer which keeps the two flanges 50, 52 sufficiently spaced to allow the free rotation of the planet gears 46 in all circumstances.

Claims (10)

  1. Motor vehicle starter (10) comprising:
    an electric motor (16) comprising a rear armature shaft (18) bearing armature windings (22) and which is guided in rotation by a rear first bearing (32) and by a front second bearing (68);
    a coaxial front output shaft (20) which bears a starter drive (64) and which is driven in rotation by the armature shaft (18);
    an epicyclic reduction gear set (44) which is interposed axially between the rear armature shaft (18) and the front output shaft (20) in order to couple these;
    characterized in that the front second bearing (68) is produced in the form of a multifunction component inserted axially between the armature windings (22) and
    the reduction gear set (44) so as to form a fluid tight partition between these elements (22, 44) and so as to perform functions of radially centring the armature shaft (18) and acting as an axial thrust bearing therefor, and of axially immobilizing an inductor (106) of the electric motor (16), and in that a bearing-surface portion (74) of the armature shaft (18), having a greater diameter than any other portion of the armature shaft (18), is housed in the front bearing (68) .
  2. Starter (10) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the reduction gear set (44) comprises planet pinions (46) which are borne by the output shaft (20) and mounted with the ability to rotate between two, front (50) and rear (52), radial plates, and in that the plates (50, 52) are kept axially apart by at least one spacer piece (48) so as to avoid the planet pinions (46) becoming nipped when the front bearing (68) is pressed axially against the rear plate (52).
  3. Starter (10) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the spacer piece (48) is formed by a rotation spindle on which a planet pinion (46) is mounted.
  4. Starter (10) according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the armature shaft (18) comprises a shoulder face (84) which is intended to come into abutment axially forwards against the front second bearing (68) so as to limit the axially forwards movement of the armature shaft (18).
  5. Starter (10) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that shoulder face (84) is borne by a flange (82) which extends radially outwards from the armature shaft (18).
  6. Starter (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electric motor (16) is held in a cylindrical field frame (21) coaxial with the armature shaft (18) and in that the front bearing (68) is centred directly with respect to the field frame (21) by bearing radially against the internal cylindrical face of the front peripheral edge of the field frame (21).
  7. Starter (10) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises a front housing (12) to which are attached the electric motor (16) and a contact switch (14) which is intended to control the axial sliding of the starter drive (64), and in that the front bearing (68) is inserted axially between the housing (12) and the field frame (21).
  8. Starter (10) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the front bearing (68) comprises means (106, 120, 122) for angularly indexing the field frame (21) with respect to the housing (12).
  9. Starter (10) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the front bearing (68) is angularly indexed with respect to the housing (12) by means of at least one notch (120) which is borne by one or other of the front bearing (68) or the housing (12) and which is intended to accept a lug (122) borne by the other element (12, 68).
  10. Starter (10) according to Claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the inductor (106) is formed of a plurality of magnetized rods and/or inductor coils, of axial orientation, which are uniformly arranged around the armature windings (22), in that the magnetized rods (106) are circumferentially separated by axial spacer pieces, and in that the forwards axial sliding of the spacer pieces is limited by a radial rear end face (110) of the front bearing (68).
EP09784490.6A 2008-08-12 2009-07-09 Starter comprising an armature shaft supported by a bearing inserted between an armature and a speed reducer Active EP2321523B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0855525A FR2935029B1 (en) 2008-08-12 2008-08-12 STARTER COMPRISING AN ARMOR ARMOR CARRIED BY A BEARING INTERPOSE BETWEEN INDUCTOR AND REDUCTOR
PCT/FR2009/051359 WO2010018332A1 (en) 2008-08-12 2009-07-09 Starter comprising an armature shaft supported by a bearing inserted between an armature and a speed reducer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2321523A1 EP2321523A1 (en) 2011-05-18
EP2321523B1 true EP2321523B1 (en) 2018-09-12

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09784490.6A Active EP2321523B1 (en) 2008-08-12 2009-07-09 Starter comprising an armature shaft supported by a bearing inserted between an armature and a speed reducer

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US8575801B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2321523B1 (en)
KR (1) KR20110059592A (en)
CN (1) CN102124207A (en)
BR (1) BRPI0916405A2 (en)
FR (1) FR2935029B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2498105C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2010018332A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014217129A1 (en) * 2014-08-28 2016-03-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Starting device for an internal combustion engine
RU2618983C1 (en) * 2016-05-25 2017-05-11 Частное образовательное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования "Саранский Дом науки и техники Российского Союза научных и инженерных общественных объединений" Ice starter
JP6779673B2 (en) * 2016-06-22 2020-11-04 Ntn株式会社 Electric linear actuator
FR3062176A1 (en) * 2017-01-23 2018-07-27 Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur THERMAL MOTOR STARTER PROVIDED WITH INDUCTION SHAFT MADE IN TRANSLATION
US10574116B2 (en) * 2018-04-24 2020-02-25 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Starter including a switched reluctance electric motor
JP7349894B2 (en) * 2019-12-13 2023-09-25 住友重機械工業株式会社 drive device

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JPS5896123U (en) * 1981-12-22 1983-06-30 三菱電機株式会社 bearing device
US4573364A (en) * 1984-08-15 1986-03-04 General Motors Corporation Gear reduction starter drive
FR2614363B1 (en) * 1987-04-22 1991-01-04 Mitsubishi Electric Corp ENGINE STARTER
SU1701969A1 (en) * 1989-07-17 1991-12-30 Волгоградский сельскохозяйственный институт Starter for internal combustion engine
DE4006795A1 (en) * 1990-03-03 1991-09-05 Bosch Gmbh Robert TURNING DEVICE IN A COMPACT DESIGN
US5167162A (en) * 1990-05-22 1992-12-01 Mitsuba Electric Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Starter system for an internal combustion engine
DE10135141A1 (en) * 2001-07-19 2003-01-30 Bosch Gmbh Robert starter
JP2004124871A (en) * 2002-10-04 2004-04-22 Denso Corp Internal combustion engine starter
US20070215089A1 (en) * 2003-11-28 2007-09-20 Laurent-Yves Grand Internal Combustion Engine Starte Comprising a Cylinder Head and Speed Reducer Centering Means On This Case
FR2925619B1 (en) * 2007-12-19 2014-01-17 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur MOTOR VEHICLE STARTER COMPRISING MEANS FOR ANGULAR INDEXING OF THE CYLINDER HEAD IN AT LEAST TWO ANGULAR POSITIONS OF MOUNTING ON A BEARING.

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BRPI0916405A2 (en) 2016-02-16
EP2321523A1 (en) 2011-05-18
RU2498105C2 (en) 2013-11-10
FR2935029A1 (en) 2010-02-19
WO2010018332A1 (en) 2010-02-18
FR2935029B1 (en) 2012-05-04
RU2011109266A (en) 2012-09-20
US8575801B2 (en) 2013-11-05
US20110181139A1 (en) 2011-07-28
CN102124207A (en) 2011-07-13
KR20110059592A (en) 2011-06-02

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