EP2318666B1 - Fixed vane assembly for a turbine engine having reduced weight, and turbine engine including at least one such fixed vane assembly - Google Patents

Fixed vane assembly for a turbine engine having reduced weight, and turbine engine including at least one such fixed vane assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2318666B1
EP2318666B1 EP09809331.3A EP09809331A EP2318666B1 EP 2318666 B1 EP2318666 B1 EP 2318666B1 EP 09809331 A EP09809331 A EP 09809331A EP 2318666 B1 EP2318666 B1 EP 2318666B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vane assembly
bores
casing
mounting flange
stationary vane
Prior art date
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Application number
EP09809331.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2318666A1 (en
Inventor
Stéphane Pierre Guillaume Blanchard
Mathieu Dakowski
Fabrice Marcel Noël GARIN
Maurice Guy Judet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Original Assignee
SNECMA SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2318666A1 publication Critical patent/EP2318666A1/en
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Publication of EP2318666B1 publication Critical patent/EP2318666B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/08—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means
    • F01D5/081—Cooling fluid being directed on the side of the rotor disc or at the roots of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
    • F01D9/042—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector fixing blades to stators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/28—Arrangement of seals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F05B2260/301—Retaining bolts or nuts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F05D2230/64—Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centring, e.g. pins
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
    • Y10T29/4932—Turbomachine making
    • Y10T29/49323—Assembling fluid flow directing devices, e.g., stators, diaphragms, nozzles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fixed turbomachine blade, said blade comprising an abradable ring, and a turbomachine comprising at least one such blade.
  • An aircraft turbojet typically comprises a high pressure compressor, a low pressure compressor, a combustion chamber, a high pressure turbine and a low pressure turbine.
  • the compressor is intended to increase the pressure of the atmospheric air
  • the combustion chamber mixes the air which is compressed by the compressor with fuel and burns this mixture
  • the turbine placed in the ejected stream, is then driven by this gas flow at high temperature.
  • the turbine serves in particular to drive the compressors.
  • the compressors comprise moving vanes and fixed stators for straightening the flow between the compression stages.
  • a fixed high-pressure distributor is provided, intended to straighten the flow of hot gas leaving the combustion chamber before it comes into contact with the high-pressure turbine.
  • This high pressure distributor has a ring fixed on a housing, said housing under chamber, and blades extending radially outward.
  • the chamber housing provides the connection between the compressor and the turbine.
  • the distributor is composed of several sectors, each fixed on the crankcase.
  • Each sector comprises, in a conventional manner, a platform which extends radially outwardly of the blades and radially inwardly a lug for fixing the housing.
  • the lug comprises two bores intended to be aligned with two bores of the housing under chamber provided on the side of the high pressure turbine, pins are inserted into these aligned bores, a flange is added downstream of the pins to retain them axially.
  • This type of turbojet engine is for example known from the document FR 2,907,499 .
  • the performance of aircraft engines largely depends on the control of gas flows between the fixed parts, such as the distributor and the moving parts, such as the high-pressure turbine.
  • a disc of abradable material is fixed on the stator. This ring is designed to seal with the turbine and to degrade and protect the blades of the turbine in case of accidental contact with the stator.
  • Abradable materials have for example a honeycomb structure.
  • the abradable material is carried by an abradable support ring fixed on the housing by means of screws.
  • a fixed turbomachine blade comprising stationary vanes, a casing on which are fixed the vanes, a ring of abradable material fixed on the casing on the side of the blades, wherein the Fixed vanes are fixed on the housing by means of the connection link of the abradable ring on the housing.
  • the number of parts required to achieve this fixed blade is reduced, its mass is reduced, as well as that of the turbomachine with it.
  • a single link is used to assemble the abradable ring and the vanes on the housing.
  • the same mechanical connection is used to fix the abradable ring and the vanes of the distributor on the crankcase.
  • the present invention therefore mainly relates to a fixed blade turbomachine of longitudinal axis comprising a housing and at least two angular sectors provided with blades, said angular sectors being fixed on the housing, each angular sector comprising a platform of which at least one blade is projecting radially outwardly and a fixing lug of the angular sector on the housing, said fixing lug projecting from the platform radially inwards, the fixed blade comprising an abradable ring carried by a support fixed to the casing on the side of a moving vane by means of a plurality of screw-nut assemblies, the fixed vane also comprising radial retaining pins of the angular sectors introduced into first bores made in the fastening lugs and in a mounting flange; said bores having axes substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis, the mounting flange being fixed to the casing by the same screw-nut assemblies as those fixing the abradable ring support to the casing, the plurality of screw assembly -couscles
  • each pin comprises a flange extending orthogonally to the axis of the pin radially outwardly, said flange defining axially a head and a tail, the head being received in a first bore of the mounting flange. and the flange abutting plane by one of its faces against the flange, so as to orient the axis of the pin orthogonally to the mounting flange.
  • each pin has a portion of smaller section and a second portion of larger section connected by a shoulder, the first bores each having an annular bearing against which abuts said shoulder so as to prevent the pieces. radial restraint to move axially away from the housing.
  • each radial retaining pin has a first portion of smaller section and a second portion of larger section connected by a shoulder, said shoulder bearing against the periphery of a first bore of the flange. mounting so as to prevent the pins to move axially away from the housing.
  • each pin is crimped by a first longitudinal end in the first bores of the mounting flange.
  • a second longitudinal end of the radial retaining pins is received in first bores of the casing, these bores being advantageously non-through.
  • the pins are crimped in first bores of the housing.
  • the mounting flange comprises second bores traversed by the screw-nut assemblies, the nuts being crimped in the second bores of the mounting flange.
  • each nut having at least one flat on its periphery and with the flange having a tab bordering each of the second bores, the flat cooperating with the tab to prevent the rotation of the nut.
  • the nuts are formed by the mounting flange, for example by tapping threads in the second bores of the flange.
  • protective shells are provided covering the heads of the screws for fixing the abradable ring.
  • the housing may be a chamber housing and the angular sectors form a high pressure turbine distributor, the mounting flange being disposed on the side of a combustion chamber.
  • the present invention also relates to a turbomachine comprising at least one fixed blade according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1A a detail view of a turbojet engine according to the present invention can be seen of axis of revolution X.
  • This turbojet engine notably comprises a combustion chamber 2, provided upstream of an air intake port 4 coming from the compressor. (not shown), and an exhaust port 6 of the combustion gases.
  • the turbojet also comprises a high pressure distributor 8 disposed downstream of the exhaust port 6, a high pressure turbine 10 downstream of the distributor 8, the turbine 10 driving the compressor.
  • the combustion chamber 2 is composed of a radially outer envelope 14 fixed on an outer casing and a radially inner envelope 16 fixed on an inner casing 18, designated “housing under chamber”.
  • the chamber housing has a shape of revolution about the longitudinal axis X.
  • the distributor 8 is fixed on the housing under chamber 18. As can be seen in detail on the Figure 1B , the distributor 8 comprises blades 12 extending between a radially outer ring 9 and a radially inner ring 11. The blades 12 are disposed downstream of the exhaust port 6 on the flow path of the combustion gases, these blades 12 are intended to straighten the flow of gas leaving the combustion chamber 2 before they come into contact with the high pressure turbine 10.
  • the distributor 8 is composed of at least two angular sectors 8.1 fixed separately on the housing under chamber 18.
  • the distributor 8 has sixteen angular sectors 8.1 each provided with two blades.
  • the blades 12 extend radially outwardly from a platform 20, forming a portion of the inner ring 11 of the distributor 8.
  • a bracket 22 of the platform 20 on the housing housing 18 is radially projecting. towards the inside of the platform 20 on the opposite face of the platform 20 carrying the blades 12.
  • the angular sectors 8.1 are fixed on a downstream end portion 24 of the sub-chamber housing 18.
  • the downstream end portion 24 of the sub-chamber housing 18 is composed, in the upstream direction towards the downstream portion of a frustoconical revolution portion 24.1 whose end of larger diameter is oriented downstream of a tubular portion 24.2 connected to the frustoconical portion and an annular portion 24.3 connected to the tubular portion 24.2.
  • the annular portion 24.3 is contained in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis X.
  • the casing also comprises between the tubular portion 24.2 and the annular portion 24.3, an annular projection 24.4 extending radially outwards, this projection 24.4 is provided at a distance from the annular portion 24.3, this distance being substantially equal to the thickness fastening lugs 22.
  • An abradable ring 26 is fixed on a support 28 by which the ring is secured to the chamber housing 18.
  • the support 28 comprises a tubular portion 28.1 on the inner periphery of which is fixed the abradable ring 26, and a frustoconical portion 28.2 downstream of the tubular portion 28.2 providing a conicity such that it is housed in the frustoconical portion 24.1 end portion 24 of the chamber housing 18.
  • the support 28 is fixed on the chamber housing 18 by means of screw-nut assembly 30 passing through the frustoconical portions 24.2 and 28.2 of the chamber housing and the support 28 respectively.
  • screw-nut assemblies are evenly distributed throughout the caster.
  • the heads of the screws 30.1 are on the radially inner side, ie of the frustoconical portion 28.2 of the support 28 and the nuts are on the radially outer side.
  • a protective ferrule 32 to reduce the aerodynamic disturbances due to the screw heads, and to protect the screw heads from the high temperature.
  • the annular sectors 8.1 of the distributor are fixed on the chamber housing by means of screw-nut assemblies 30 serving to fix the abradable ring 26 on the chamber housing 18.
  • the angular sectors 8.1 are immobilized on the chamber housing 18 between a part 34 and the chamber housing 18.
  • the piece 34 forms a mounting flange whose shape is similar to the end portion 24 of the sub-chamber housing 18, and whose dimensions are such that the flange is able to surround the end portion 24.
  • the mounting flange 34 comprises, from upstream to downstream, a frustoconical portion 34.1, a tubular portion 34.2 and an annular portion 34.3 disposed in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis X.
  • the frustoconical portion 34.1 covers externally the frustoconical portion 24.1 and is traversed by the screws 30.1
  • the tubular portion 34.2 externally covers the tubular portion 24.2 and the tubular portion 34.3 is in contact with an upstream face of the fixing lugs 22.
  • the annular portion 34.3 has on its downstream face at its radially outer end a ring 34.4 projecting downstream.
  • the fastening tabs are disposed between an upstream face of the annular portion 24.3 and the ring 34.4 of the mounting flange 34. These two faces limit the axial displacement of the angular sections 8.1.
  • An axial clearance is provided to allow the tilting of the high pressure distributor in operation; in operation, the forces of the gases press the high-pressure distributor downstream.
  • the radial retention of the angular sectors 8.1 is obtained by means of pins 36 extending parallel to the longitudinal axis between the annular portion 24.1 of the housing 18 and the annular portion 24.1 of the mounting flange and through the fastening tabs 22.
  • each fixing lug 22 has two through-holes 38, 40, visible on the Figure 1B , made on a portion of a circular arc centered on the axis X.
  • One of the bores 38 has a circular section of diameter substantially equal to that of the radial retaining pins 36 to allow their introduction into the bore 38 and the other 40 has an oblong section whose largest dimension is oriented along the arc centered on the X axis, the smallest diameter being substantially equal to the diameter of the radial retaining pins 36.
  • the use of a circular bore and an oblong bore allows a mounting even in case of variation of the dimensions.
  • the pins 36 are received at their downstream end in non-through holes 41 formed in the upstream face of the annular portion 24.1 of the housing under 18. This embodiment allows both to not degrade the seal between the two zones on either side of the housing chamber 18, which are at different pressures, and to ensure good rigidity of the connection between the angular sector and the crank chamber.
  • the annular portion 24.3 has a flat upstream face, the free end of the tail 36.1 of the pin 36 bears against this face. This achievement is very simple and does not degrade the seal.
  • the annular portion 24.3 comprises a plurality of pairs of through-holes 41 'receiving the free end of the shank 36.1 of each pin 36, the number of pairs of bores 41' being equal to the number of angular distributor sectors to be fixed .
  • This embodiment is simple to manufacture and ensures good rigidity of the connection between the angular sector and the housing under chamber.
  • the annular portion 34.3 comprise through holes 42 of axis parallel to the longitudinal axis X, and each traversed by a pin 36. There are as many pairs of pins as the connection to be made between the angular sectors 8.1 and the housing under room 18.
  • each peg 36 is crimped by a first end longitudinally in a bore 42.
  • each pin 36 comprises a flange 44 delimiting a head 36.1 on the upstream side and a tail 36.2 on the downstream side, the head 36.1 being crimped in the bores 42.
  • the flange 44 serves to orient the axis of the pin 36 orthogonally to the annular portion 34.3. Furthermore, it forms an axial abutment for the pin and fixes the length of the portion of the pin 36 or tail 36.2 projecting downstream.
  • pins each provided with a flange and which are mounted with clearance both in the housing and in the flange.
  • the bores 44 ' have two parts of different diameters connected by an annular bearing surface 44.1' facing downstream, and the upstream end of the pin 36 'has a smaller diameter portion 36.1' and a larger diameter portion 36.2 'connected by a shoulder 36.3', the shoulder being pressed against the annular bearing, and axially stop the pins.
  • the pins 36 “comprise a portion of smaller diameter 36.1” and a larger diameter portion 36.2 “connected by a shoulder 36.3” and axially arresting the pins, the shoulder being pressed against the downstream face of the annular portion 34.3 the diameter of the bores 44 "being substantially equal to that of the smaller diameter portion 36.1”.
  • the nuts 30.2 are advantageously crimped onto the mounting flange.
  • the frustoconical portion 34.1 of the flange 34 comprise bores 43 traversed by the screws.
  • the bores 43 have a diameter greater than that of the screws 30.1, and the nuts have a crimping skirt 46 bordering the ends of the nuts oriented on the side of the bores 43.
  • the crimping skirts 46 each enter a bore between the edge of the orifice and the screw, these skirts 46 being deformed to perform crimping.
  • the nuts have at least one flat 48 on their outer periphery, advantageously two to simplify the orientation of the nuts, the frustoconical portion 34.1 comprising, in turn, tabs 50 at the edge of each of the orifices, cooperating with a flat part. to prevent the rotation of the nuts.
  • the frustoconical portion 34.1 is festooned, the festoons having the bores 42 and being traversed by the screws 30.1. This feasting reduces the weight of the flange.
  • the annular portion 34.1 is also scalloped between the pairs of bores receiving the pairs of pins passing through an angular sector.
  • this openwork shape allows for greater elasticity for mounting and allows to catch some games, as we will see later.
  • the angular sectors are threaded onto the pins 36 fixed on the mounting flange 34.
  • the mounting flange 34 thus equipped is brought axially closer to the chamber housing until the pins 36 enter the non-through holes 41.
  • the nuts 30.2 are placed on the frustoconical portion 34.1 to the right of the orifices, the flat 48 being in contact with the tongue 50.
  • the abradable support is then put in place inside the housing under chamber 18, so that the frustoconical portion comes to bear on the inner face of the frustoconical portion 24.1 of the housing under chamber 18.
  • a protective shell may be added.
  • the screws 30.1 are then inserted through the interior of the chamber housing 18 and pass through the abradable support, the housing 18 and the mounting flange.
  • the festoons of the flange can be used to reinforce the support of the flange on the fixing lugs 22.
  • FIGS. 5A to 5C we can see the evolution of the games between the different parts when tightening the screws.
  • the centering of the mounting flange on the casing 18 is obtained by the pins 30.
  • the tubular portion 34.2 of the mounting flange is then abutted on the tubular portion 24.2 of the casing 18, and the protective ferrule on the tubular portion 24.2 of the housing 18.
  • the screws 30.1 are then screwed into the nuts 30.2, causing the flaps of the flange to tilt towards the casing, until the edges of the scallops come into contact with the casing, a position designated by the letter A.
  • housing and the mounting flange are in no way limiting, and a profile without frustoconical portion could be considered.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUE ET ART ANTÉRIEURTECHNICAL FIELD AND PRIOR ART

La présente invention se rapporte à un aubage fixe de turbomachine, ledit aubage comportant un anneau d'abradable, et à une turbomachine comportant au moins un tel aubage.The present invention relates to a fixed turbomachine blade, said blade comprising an abradable ring, and a turbomachine comprising at least one such blade.

Un turboréacteur d'avion comporte classiquement un compresseur haute pression, un compresseur basse pression, une chambre de combustion, une turbine haute pression et une turbine basse pression.An aircraft turbojet typically comprises a high pressure compressor, a low pressure compressor, a combustion chamber, a high pressure turbine and a low pressure turbine.

Le compresseur est destiné à augmenter la pression de l'air atmosphérique, la chambre de combustion mélange l'air qui est comprimé par le compresseur avec du carburant et brûle ce mélange, la turbine, placée dans le flux éjecté, est alors entraînée par ce flux de gaz à haute température. La turbine sert notamment à entraîner les compresseurs.The compressor is intended to increase the pressure of the atmospheric air, the combustion chamber mixes the air which is compressed by the compressor with fuel and burns this mixture, the turbine, placed in the ejected stream, is then driven by this gas flow at high temperature. The turbine serves in particular to drive the compressors.

Les compresseurs comportent des aubes mobiles et des redresseurs fixes pour redresser le flux entre les étages de compression.The compressors comprise moving vanes and fixed stators for straightening the flow between the compression stages.

En sortie de la chambre de combustion, un distributeur haute pression fixe est prévu, destiné à redresser le flux de gaz chaud sortant de la chambre de combustion avant qu'il n'entre en contact avec la turbine haute pression. Ce distributeur haute pression comporte un anneau fixé sur un carter, dit carter sous chambre, et des pales s'étendant radialement vers l'extérieur. Le carter sous chambre assure la liaison entre le compresseur et la turbine.At the outlet of the combustion chamber, a fixed high-pressure distributor is provided, intended to straighten the flow of hot gas leaving the combustion chamber before it comes into contact with the high-pressure turbine. This high pressure distributor has a ring fixed on a housing, said housing under chamber, and blades extending radially outward. The chamber housing provides the connection between the compressor and the turbine.

Le distributeur est composé de plusieurs secteurs, fixés chacun sur le carter sous chambre.The distributor is composed of several sectors, each fixed on the crankcase.

Chaque secteur comporte, de manière classique, une plateforme de laquelle s'étendent radialement vers l'extérieur des pales et radialement vers l'intérieur une patte de fixation au carter. La patte comporte deux alésages destinés à être alignés avec deux alésages du carter sous chambre prévus du côté de la turbine haute pression, des pions sont insérés dans ces alésages alignés, un flasque est rajouté en aval des pions pour les retenir axialement.Each sector comprises, in a conventional manner, a platform which extends radially outwardly of the blades and radially inwardly a lug for fixing the housing. The lug comprises two bores intended to be aligned with two bores of the housing under chamber provided on the side of the high pressure turbine, pins are inserted into these aligned bores, a flange is added downstream of the pins to retain them axially.

Ce type de turboréacteur est par exemple connu du document FR 2 907 499 .This type of turbojet engine is for example known from the document FR 2,907,499 .

Ce type de fixation donne satisfaction. Cependant, dans le domaine aéronautique, il est en permanence rechercher une réduction de la masse des différents composants.This type of fixation gives satisfaction. However, in the aeronautical field, it is constantly seeking a reduction in the mass of the various components.

Par ailleurs, le rendement des moteurs aéronautiques dépend en grande partie du contrôle des flux gazeux entre les parties fixes, comme le distributeur et les parties mobiles, comme la turbine haute pression. Afin d'avoir un jeu minimal, un disque en matériau abradable est fixé sur le stator. Cet anneau est conçu pour assurer l'étanchéité avec la turbine et pour se dégrader et protéger les pales de la turbine en cas de contact accidentel avec le stator. Les matériaux abradables ont par exemple une structure en nid d'abeille.Furthermore, the performance of aircraft engines largely depends on the control of gas flows between the fixed parts, such as the distributor and the moving parts, such as the high-pressure turbine. In order to have a minimum clearance, a disc of abradable material is fixed on the stator. This ring is designed to seal with the turbine and to degrade and protect the blades of the turbine in case of accidental contact with the stator. Abradable materials have for example a honeycomb structure.

Dans le document FR 2 907 499 , le matériau abradable est porté par un anneau support d'abradable fixé sur le carter au moyen de vis.In the document FR 2,907,499 , the abradable material is carried by an abradable support ring fixed on the housing by means of screws.

C'est par conséquent un but de la présente invention de proposer un aubage fixe de turbomachine permettant de réduire la longueur totale de la turbomachine.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a fixed turbomachine blade to reduce the total length of the turbomachine.

C'est également un but de la présente invention de proposer un aubage fixe de turbomachine dont la masse est réduite.It is also an object of the present invention to provide a fixed turbomachine blade whose mass is reduced.

Un aubage fixe de l'art antérieur est également divulgué dans le doument EP 1657406 .A fixed blade of the prior art is also disclosed in the doument EP 1657406 .

EXPOSÉ DE L'INVENTIONSTATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

Le but précédemment énoncé est atteint par un aubage fixe de turbomachine conformément a la revendication 1 comportant des aubes fixes, un carter sur lequel sont fixées les aubes fixes, un anneau en matériau abradable fixé sur le carter du coté des aubes mobiles, dans lequel les aubes fixes sont fixées sur le carter par l'intermédiaire de la liaison de fixation de l'anneau d'abradable sur le carter. Le nombre de pièces requis pour réaliser cet aubage fixe est réduit, sa masse s'en trouve diminuée, ainsi que celle de la turbomachine le comportant.The previously stated purpose is achieved by a fixed turbomachine blade according to claim 1 comprising stationary vanes, a casing on which are fixed the vanes, a ring of abradable material fixed on the casing on the side of the blades, wherein the Fixed vanes are fixed on the housing by means of the connection link of the abradable ring on the housing. The number of parts required to achieve this fixed blade is reduced, its mass is reduced, as well as that of the turbomachine with it.

En outre, la fabrication est simplifiée puisque le nombre de pièces à assembler est réduit. Le coût de revient s'en trouve de ce fait également diminué.In addition, the manufacture is simplified since the number of parts to be assembled is reduced. The cost price is thereby also decreased.

En d'autres termes, on utilise une liaison unique pour assembler l'anneau d'abradable et les aubes fixes sur le carter. Dans le cas d'un distributeur haute pression, on utilise la même liaison mécanique pour fixer l'anneau d'abradable et les aubes du distributeur sur le carter sous chambre.In other words, a single link is used to assemble the abradable ring and the vanes on the housing. In the case of a high-pressure distributor, the same mechanical connection is used to fix the abradable ring and the vanes of the distributor on the crankcase.

La présente invention a alors principalement pour objet un aubage fixe de turbomachine d'axe longitudinal comportant un carter et au moins deux secteurs angulaires munis de pales, lesdits secteurs angulaires étant fixés sur le carter, chaque secteur angulaire comportant une plateforme de laquelle au moins une pale est en saillie radialement vers l'extérieur et une patte de fixation du secteur angulaire sur le carter, ladite patte de fixation étant en saillie de la plateforme radialement vers l'intérieur, l'aubage fixe comportant un anneau d'abradable porté par un support fixé sur le carter du côté d'un aubage mobile au moyen d'une pluralité d'ensembles vis-écrous, l'aubage fixe comportant également des pions de retenue radiale des secteurs angulaires introduits dans des premiers alésages pratiqués dans les pattes de fixation et dans une bride de montage ; lesdits alésages ayant des axes sensiblement parallèles à l'axe longitudinal, la bride de montage étant fixée sur le carter par les mêmes ensembles vis-écrous que ceux fixant le support d'anneau d'abradable sur le carter, la pluralité d'ensemble vis-écrous traversant le support de l'anneau d'abradable, et la bride de montage étant située à l'oppoé de l'anneau d'abradable par rapport au carter et définissant avec le carter une gorge dans laquelle sont disposées les pattes de fixation.The present invention therefore mainly relates to a fixed blade turbomachine of longitudinal axis comprising a housing and at least two angular sectors provided with blades, said angular sectors being fixed on the housing, each angular sector comprising a platform of which at least one blade is projecting radially outwardly and a fixing lug of the angular sector on the housing, said fixing lug projecting from the platform radially inwards, the fixed blade comprising an abradable ring carried by a support fixed to the casing on the side of a moving vane by means of a plurality of screw-nut assemblies, the fixed vane also comprising radial retaining pins of the angular sectors introduced into first bores made in the fastening lugs and in a mounting flange; said bores having axes substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis, the mounting flange being fixed to the casing by the same screw-nut assemblies as those fixing the abradable ring support to the casing, the plurality of screw assembly -couscles passing through the support of the abradable ring, and the mounting flange being located opposite the abradable ring relative to the housing and defining with the housing a groove in which are arranged the fastening lugs .

Dans un exemple de réalisation, chaque pion comporte une collerette s'étendant orthogonalement à l'axe du pion radialement vers l'extérieur, ladite collerette délimitant axialement une tête et une queue, la tête étant reçue dans un premier alésage de la bride de montage et la collerette venant en appui plan par une de ses faces contre la bride, de sorte à orienter l'axe du pion orthogonalement à la bride de montage.In an exemplary embodiment, each pin comprises a flange extending orthogonally to the axis of the pin radially outwardly, said flange defining axially a head and a tail, the head being received in a first bore of the mounting flange. and the flange abutting plane by one of its faces against the flange, so as to orient the axis of the pin orthogonally to the mounting flange.

Dans un autre exemple de réalisation, chaque pion comporte une partie de plus petite section et une deuxième partie de plus grande section raccordées par un épaulement, les premiers alésages comportant chacun une portée annulaire contre lequel vient en appui ledit épaulement de sorte à empêcher les pions de retenue radiale de se déplacer axialement en éloignement du carter.In another embodiment, each pin has a portion of smaller section and a second portion of larger section connected by a shoulder, the first bores each having an annular bearing against which abuts said shoulder so as to prevent the pieces. radial restraint to move axially away from the housing.

Dans un autre exemple de réalisation, chaque pion de retenue radiale comporte une première partie de plus petite section et une deuxième partie de plus grande section raccordées par un épaulement, ledit épaulement venant en appui contre la périphérie d'un premier alésage de la bride de montage de sorte à empêcher les pions de se déplacer axialement en éloignement du carter.In another embodiment, each radial retaining pin has a first portion of smaller section and a second portion of larger section connected by a shoulder, said shoulder bearing against the periphery of a first bore of the flange. mounting so as to prevent the pins to move axially away from the housing.

On peut prévoir que chaque pion soit serti par une première extrémité longitudinale dans les premiers alésages de la bride de montage.It can be provided that each pin is crimped by a first longitudinal end in the first bores of the mounting flange.

De manière avantageuse, une deuxième extrémité longitudinale des pions de retenue radiale est reçue dans des premiers alésages du carter, ces alésages étant avantageusement non traversants. Dans une variante, on peut prévoir que les pions soient sertis dans des premiers alésages du carter.Advantageously, a second longitudinal end of the radial retaining pins is received in first bores of the casing, these bores being advantageously non-through. Alternatively, it can be provided that the pins are crimped in first bores of the housing.

Dans un exemple avantageux, la bride de montage comporte des deuxièmes alésages traversés par les ensembles vis-écrous, les écrous étant sertis dans les deuxièmes alésages de la bride de montage. On peut alors prévoir avantageusement des moyens de verrouillage en rotation des écrous. Les risques de perdre des écrous sont alors très faibles.In an advantageous example, the mounting flange comprises second bores traversed by the screw-nut assemblies, the nuts being crimped in the second bores of the mounting flange. We can then advantageously provide locking means in rotation of the nuts. The risk of losing nuts is then very low.

Le verrouillage en rotation est, par exemple obtenu avec chaque écrou comportant au moins un méplat sur sa périphérie et avec la bride comportant une patte bordant chacun des deuxièmes alésages, le méplat coopérant avec la patte pour empêcher la rotation de l'écrou.The locking in rotation is, for example obtained with each nut having at least one flat on its periphery and with the flange having a tab bordering each of the second bores, the flat cooperating with the tab to prevent the rotation of the nut.

Dans une variante de réalisation, les écrous sont formés par la bride de montage, par exemple en rapportant des taraudages dans les deuxièmes alésages de la brideIn an alternative embodiment, the nuts are formed by the mounting flange, for example by tapping threads in the second bores of the flange.

Avantageusement, on prévoit des viroles de protection recouvrant les têtes des vis de fixation de l'anneau d'abradable.Advantageously, protective shells are provided covering the heads of the screws for fixing the abradable ring.

Le carter peut être un carter sous chambre et les secteurs angulaires forment un distributeur de turbine haute pression, la bride de montage étant disposée du côté d'une chambre de combustion.The housing may be a chamber housing and the angular sectors form a high pressure turbine distributor, the mounting flange being disposed on the side of a combustion chamber.

La présente invention a également pour objet une turbomachine comportant au moins un aubage fixe selon la présente invention.The present invention also relates to a turbomachine comprising at least one fixed blade according to the present invention.

BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

La présente invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description qui va suivre et dessins sur desquels :

  • la figure 1A est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une partie d'un turboréacteur selon la présente invention au niveau de la chambre de combustion et de la turbine haute pression,
  • la figure 1B est une vue de face d'un secteur angulaire d'un distributeur d'un turboréacteur de la figure 1A,
  • la figure 2 est une vue agrandie de la figure 1 au niveau de la fixation du distributeur haute pression sur le carter sous chambre,
  • la figure 3 est une vue en perspective du carter sous chambre à partir de la chambre de combustion,
  • les figures 4A et 4B sont des vues de détail de la figure 2 selon deux variantes de réalisation de la liaison entre les pions de retenue radiale des secteurs angulaires et la bride de montage,
  • les figures 4C et 4D sont des vues de détail de la figure 2 selon deux variantes de réalisation de la liaison entre les pions de retenue radiale et le carter sous chambre,
  • les figures 5A à 5C sont des vues identiques à la figure 2 dans différentes positions de montage.
The present invention will be better understood with the aid of the description which follows and drawings in which:
  • the Figure 1A is a longitudinal sectional view of a portion of a turbojet according to the present invention at the combustion chamber and the high pressure turbine,
  • the Figure 1B is a front view of an angular sector of a distributor of a turbojet of the Figure 1A ,
  • the figure 2 is an enlarged view of the figure 1 at the attachment of the high-pressure distributor on the crankcase under the chamber,
  • the figure 3 is a perspective view of the chamber under chamber from the combustion chamber,
  • the Figures 4A and 4B are detailed views of the figure 2 according to two embodiments of the connection between the radial retaining pins of the angular sectors and the mounting flange,
  • the Figures 4C and 4D are detailed views of the figure 2 according to two embodiments of the connection between the radial retaining pins and the chamber housing,
  • the FIGS. 5A to 5C are views identical to the figure 2 in different mounting positions.

EXPOSÉ DÉTAILLÉ DE MODES DE RÉALISATION PARTICULIERSDETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS

Dans la description qui va suivre, sera décrit en détail un distributeur d'une turbine haute pression, cependant l'invention ne se limite pas à un distributeur haute pression, mais s'applique à tout aubage fixe de turbomachine, par exemple à un redresseur de compresseur.In the description which follows, will be described in detail a distributor of a high pressure turbine, however the invention is not limited to a high pressure distributor, but applies to any fixed turbine engine blade, for example a rectifier of compressor.

Nous considérerons pour la description le sens de la gauche vers la droite sur la figure 1 qui correspond au sens d'écoulement du flux de gaz, la gauche étant désignée par amont et la droite étant désignée par aval.We will consider for the description the meaning of the left to the right on the figure 1 which corresponds to the flow direction of the gas flow, the left being designated upstream and the straight line being designated downstream.

A des fins de simplicité, nous utiliserons les mêmes références pour désigner les éléments ayant la même fonction et sensiblement la même structure dans les différents exemples de réalisation qui seront décrits. En outre, nous désignerons l'anneau en matériau abradable par « anneau d'abradable ».For the sake of simplicity, we will use the same references to designate the elements having the same function and substantially the same structure in the various exemplary embodiments that will be described. In addition, we will designate the ring of abradable material by "abradable ring".

Sur la figure 1A, on peut voir une vue de détail d'un turboréacteur selon la présente invention d'axe de révolution X. Ce turboréacteur comporte notamment une chambre de combustion 2, munie en amont d'un orifice d'admission 4 d'air provenant du compresseur (non représenté), et d'un orifice d'échappement 6 des gaz de combustion. Le turboréacteur comporte également un distributeur haute pression 8 disposé en aval de l'orifice d'échappement 6, une turbine haute pression 10 en aval du distributeur 8, la turbine 10 entraînant le compresseur.On the Figure 1A , a detail view of a turbojet engine according to the present invention can be seen of axis of revolution X. This turbojet engine notably comprises a combustion chamber 2, provided upstream of an air intake port 4 coming from the compressor. (not shown), and an exhaust port 6 of the combustion gases. The turbojet also comprises a high pressure distributor 8 disposed downstream of the exhaust port 6, a high pressure turbine 10 downstream of the distributor 8, the turbine 10 driving the compressor.

La chambre de combustion 2 est composée d'une enveloppe radialement extérieure 14 fixée sur un carter extérieur et d'une enveloppe radialement intérieure 16 fixée sur un carter intérieur 18, désigné « carter sous chambre ». Le carter sous chambre présente une forme de révolution autour de l'axe longitudinal X.The combustion chamber 2 is composed of a radially outer envelope 14 fixed on an outer casing and a radially inner envelope 16 fixed on an inner casing 18, designated "housing under chamber". The chamber housing has a shape of revolution about the longitudinal axis X.

Le distributeur 8 est fixé sur le carter sous chambre 18. Comme on peut le voir en détail sur la figure 1B, le distributeur 8 comporte des pales 12 s'étendant entre un anneau radialement extérieur 9 et un anneau radialement intérieur 11. Les pales 12 sont disposées en aval de l'orifice d'échappement 6 sur le chemin d'écoulement des gaz de combustion, ces pales 12 sont destinées à redresser le flux de gaz sortant de la chambre de combustion 2 avant leur mise en contact avec la turbine haute pression 10.The distributor 8 is fixed on the housing under chamber 18. As can be seen in detail on the Figure 1B , the distributor 8 comprises blades 12 extending between a radially outer ring 9 and a radially inner ring 11. The blades 12 are disposed downstream of the exhaust port 6 on the flow path of the combustion gases, these blades 12 are intended to straighten the flow of gas leaving the combustion chamber 2 before they come into contact with the high pressure turbine 10.

Le distributeur 8 est composé d'au moins deux secteurs angulaires 8.1 fixés séparément sur le carter sous chambre 18. A titre d'exemple, le distributeur 8 comporte seize secteurs angulaires 8.1 munis chacun de deux pales.The distributor 8 is composed of at least two angular sectors 8.1 fixed separately on the housing under chamber 18. For example, the distributor 8 has sixteen angular sectors 8.1 each provided with two blades.

Les pales 12 s'étendent radialement vers l'extérieur à partir d'une plateforme 20, formant une portion de la couronne intérieure 11 du distributeur 8. Une patte de fixation 22 de la plateforme 20 sur le carter sous chambre 18 est en saillie radialement vers l'intérieur de la plateforme 20 sur la face opposée de la plateforme 20 portant les pales 12.The blades 12 extend radially outwardly from a platform 20, forming a portion of the inner ring 11 of the distributor 8. A bracket 22 of the platform 20 on the housing housing 18 is radially projecting. towards the inside of the platform 20 on the opposite face of the platform 20 carrying the blades 12.

Lorsque tous les secteurs angulaires 8.1 sont fixés sur le carter sous chambre, les plateformes mises bout à bout forme un anneau continu.When all the angular sectors 8.1 are fixed on the chamber housing, the platforms placed end to end form a continuous ring.

Les secteurs angulaires 8.1 sont fixés sur une partie d'extrémité aval 24 du carter sous chambre 18. Dans l'exemple représenté, la partie d'extrémité aval 24 du carter sous chambre 18 est composée, dans le sens de l'amont vers l'aval, d'une portion de révolution tronconique 24.1 dont l'extrémité de plus grand diamètre est orientée vers l'aval, d'une portion tubulaire 24.2 raccordée à la portion tronconique et d'une portion annulaire 24.3 raccordée à la portion tubulaire 24.2. La portion annulaire 24.3 est contenue dans un plan orthogonal à l'axe longitudinal X.The angular sectors 8.1 are fixed on a downstream end portion 24 of the sub-chamber housing 18. In the example shown, the downstream end portion 24 of the sub-chamber housing 18 is composed, in the upstream direction towards the downstream portion of a frustoconical revolution portion 24.1 whose end of larger diameter is oriented downstream of a tubular portion 24.2 connected to the frustoconical portion and an annular portion 24.3 connected to the tubular portion 24.2. The annular portion 24.3 is contained in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis X.

Le carter comporte également entre la portion tubulaire 24.2 et la portion annulaire 24.3, une saillie annulaire 24.4 s'étendant radialement vers l'extérieur, cette saillie 24.4 est prévue à distance de la portion annulaire 24.3, cette distance étant sensiblement égale à l'épaisseur des pattes de fixation 22.The casing also comprises between the tubular portion 24.2 and the annular portion 24.3, an annular projection 24.4 extending radially outwards, this projection 24.4 is provided at a distance from the annular portion 24.3, this distance being substantially equal to the thickness fastening lugs 22.

Un anneau d'abradable 26 est fixé sur un support 28 par lequel l'anneau est solidarisé au carter sous chambre 18.An abradable ring 26 is fixed on a support 28 by which the ring is secured to the chamber housing 18.

Le support 28 comporte une portion tubulaire 28.1 sur la périphérie intérieure de laquelle est fixé l'anneau d'abradable 26, et une portion tronconique 28.2 en aval de la portion tubulaire 28.2 offrant une conicité telle qu'elle est logée dans la portion tronconique 24.1 de la partie d'extrémité 24 du carter sous chambre 18.The support 28 comprises a tubular portion 28.1 on the inner periphery of which is fixed the abradable ring 26, and a frustoconical portion 28.2 downstream of the tubular portion 28.2 providing a conicity such that it is housed in the frustoconical portion 24.1 end portion 24 of the chamber housing 18.

Le support 28 est fixé sur le carter sous chambre 18 au moyen d'ensemble vis-écrou 30 traversant les portions tronconiques 24.2 et 28.2 du carter sous chambre et du support 28 respectivement. Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 3, des ensembles vis-écrou sont répartis régulièrement sur tout le tour du carter.The support 28 is fixed on the chamber housing 18 by means of screw-nut assembly 30 passing through the frustoconical portions 24.2 and 28.2 of the chamber housing and the support 28 respectively. As can be seen on the figure 3 , screw-nut assemblies are evenly distributed throughout the caster.

Dans l'exemple représenté, les têtes des vis 30.1 sont du côté radialement intérieur, i.e. de la portion tronconique 28.2 du support 28 et les écrous sont du côté radialement extérieur.In the example shown, the heads of the screws 30.1 are on the radially inner side, ie of the frustoconical portion 28.2 of the support 28 and the nuts are on the radially outer side.

Avantageusement, on prévoit de recouvrir les têtes des vis 30.1 par une virole de protection 32 pour réduire les perturbations aérodynamiques dues aux têtes de vis, et pour protéger les têtes de vis de la haute température.Advantageously, it is intended to cover the heads of the screws 30.1 by a protective ferrule 32 to reduce the aerodynamic disturbances due to the screw heads, and to protect the screw heads from the high temperature.

Selon la présente invention, les secteurs annulaires 8.1 du distributeur sont fixés sur le carter sous chambre au moyen des ensembles vis-écrou 30 servant à fixer l'anneau d'abradable 26 sur le carter sous chambre 18.According to the present invention, the annular sectors 8.1 of the distributor are fixed on the chamber housing by means of screw-nut assemblies 30 serving to fix the abradable ring 26 on the chamber housing 18.

Plus particulièrement, les secteurs angulaires 8.1 sont immobilisés sur le carter sous chambre 18 entre une pièce 34 et le carter sous chambre 18.More particularly, the angular sectors 8.1 are immobilized on the chamber housing 18 between a part 34 and the chamber housing 18.

La pièce 34 forme une bride de montage dont la forme est similaire à la partie d'extrémité 24 du carter sous chambre 18, et dont les dimensions sont telles que la bride est apte à entourer la partie d'extrémité 24.The piece 34 forms a mounting flange whose shape is similar to the end portion 24 of the sub-chamber housing 18, and whose dimensions are such that the flange is able to surround the end portion 24.

Par conséquent, la bride de montage 34 comporte, de l'amont vers l'aval, une portion tronconique 34.1, une portion tubulaire 34.2 et une portion annulaire 34.3 disposés dans un plan orthogonal à l'axe longitudinal X. La portion tronconique 34.1 recouvre extérieurement la portion tronconique 24.1 et est traversé par les vis 30.1, la portion tubulaire 34.2 recouvre extérieurement la portion tubulaire 24.2 et la portion tubulaire 34.3 est en contact avec une face amont des pattes de fixation 22.Consequently, the mounting flange 34 comprises, from upstream to downstream, a frustoconical portion 34.1, a tubular portion 34.2 and an annular portion 34.3 disposed in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis X. The frustoconical portion 34.1 covers externally the frustoconical portion 24.1 and is traversed by the screws 30.1, the tubular portion 34.2 externally covers the tubular portion 24.2 and the tubular portion 34.3 is in contact with an upstream face of the fixing lugs 22.

La portion annulaire 34.3 comporte sur sa face aval au niveau de son extrémité radialement extérieure un anneau 34.4 en saillie ver l'aval.The annular portion 34.3 has on its downstream face at its radially outer end a ring 34.4 projecting downstream.

Les pattes de fixation sont disposées entre une face amont de la portion annulaire 24.3 et l'anneau 34.4 de la bride de montage 34. Ces deux faces limitent le déplacement axial des sections angulaires 8.1. Un jeu axial est prévu pour permettre le basculement du distributeur haute pression en fonctionnement ; en fonctionnement, les efforts des gaz plaquent le distributeur haute pression vers l'aval.The fastening tabs are disposed between an upstream face of the annular portion 24.3 and the ring 34.4 of the mounting flange 34. These two faces limit the axial displacement of the angular sections 8.1. An axial clearance is provided to allow the tilting of the high pressure distributor in operation; in operation, the forces of the gases press the high-pressure distributor downstream.

En outre, selon l'invention, le maintien radial des secteurs angulaires 8.1 est obtenu au moyen de pions 36 s'étendant parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal entre la portion annulaire 24.1 du carter 18 et la portion annulaire 24.1 de la bride de montage et traversant les pattes de fixation 22.In addition, according to the invention, the radial retention of the angular sectors 8.1 is obtained by means of pins 36 extending parallel to the longitudinal axis between the annular portion 24.1 of the housing 18 and the annular portion 24.1 of the mounting flange and through the fastening tabs 22.

Pour cela, chaque patte de fixation 22 comporte deux alésages traversants 38, 40, visibles sur la figure 1B, réalisés sur une portion d'arc de cercle centré sur l'axe X. L'un des alésages 38 a une section circulaire de diamètre sensiblement égal à celui des pions de retenue radiale 36 pour permettre leur mise en place dans l'alésage 38, et l'autre 40 a une section oblongue dont la plus grande dimension est orientée le long de l'arc de cercle centré sur l'axe X, le plus petit diamètre étant sensiblement égal au diamètre des pions de retenue radiale 36. La mise en oeuvre d'un alésage circulaire et d'un alésage oblong permet un montage même en cas de variation des dimensions.For this purpose, each fixing lug 22 has two through-holes 38, 40, visible on the Figure 1B , made on a portion of a circular arc centered on the axis X. One of the bores 38 has a circular section of diameter substantially equal to that of the radial retaining pins 36 to allow their introduction into the bore 38 and the other 40 has an oblong section whose largest dimension is oriented along the arc centered on the X axis, the smallest diameter being substantially equal to the diameter of the radial retaining pins 36. The use of a circular bore and an oblong bore allows a mounting even in case of variation of the dimensions.

Dans l'exemple représenté, les pions 36 sont reçus au niveau de leur extrémité aval dans des alésages non débouchants 41 pratiqués dans la face amont de la portion annulaire 24.1 du carter sous chambre 18. Cette réalisation permet à la fois de ne pas dégrader l'étanchéité entre les deux zones de part et d'autre du carter sous chambre 18, qui sont à des pressions différentes, et d'assurer une bonne rigidité de la liaison entre le secteur angulaire et le carter sous chambre.In the example shown, the pins 36 are received at their downstream end in non-through holes 41 formed in the upstream face of the annular portion 24.1 of the housing under 18. This embodiment allows both to not degrade the seal between the two zones on either side of the housing chamber 18, which are at different pressures, and to ensure good rigidity of the connection between the angular sector and the crank chamber.

Sur les figures 4C et 4D, on peut voir des variantes de la liaison entre le carter sous chambre 18 et les pions 36.On the Figures 4C and 4D variants of the connection between the chamber housing 18 and the pins 36 can be seen.

Sur la figure 4C, la portion annulaire 24.3 comporte une face amont plane, l'extrémité libre de la queue 36.1 du pion 36 est en appui contre cette face. Cette réalisation est très simple et ne dégrade pas l'étanchéité.On the figure 4C , the annular portion 24.3 has a flat upstream face, the free end of the tail 36.1 of the pin 36 bears against this face. This achievement is very simple and does not degrade the seal.

Sur la figure 4D, la portion annulaire 24.3 comporte une pluralité de paires d'alésages débouchants 41' recevant l'extrémité libre de la queue 36.1 de chaque pion 36, le nombre de paires d'alésages 41' étant égal au nombre de secteurs angulaires de distributeur à fixer. Cette réalisation est de fabrication simple et assure une bonne rigidité de la liaison entre le secteur angulaire et le carter sous chambre.On the figure 4D , the annular portion 24.3 comprises a plurality of pairs of through-holes 41 'receiving the free end of the shank 36.1 of each pin 36, the number of pairs of bores 41' being equal to the number of angular distributor sectors to be fixed . This embodiment is simple to manufacture and ensures good rigidity of the connection between the angular sector and the housing under chamber.

Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 2, la portion annulaire 34.3 comportent des alésages traversants 42 d'axe parallèle à l'axe longitudinal X, et traversés chacun par un pion 36. Il y a autant de paires de pions que de liaison à réaliser entre les secteurs angulaires 8.1 et le carter sous chambre 18.In the example shown on the figure 2 , the annular portion 34.3 comprise through holes 42 of axis parallel to the longitudinal axis X, and each traversed by a pin 36. There are as many pairs of pins as the connection to be made between the angular sectors 8.1 and the housing under room 18.

Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 2, chaque pion 36 est serti par une première extrémité longitudinale dans un alésage 42. De manière avantageuse, chaque pion 36 comporte une collerette 44 délimitant une tête 36.1 du côté amont et une queue 36.2 du côté aval, la tête 36.1 étant sertie dans les alésages 42.In the example shown on the figure 2 each peg 36 is crimped by a first end longitudinally in a bore 42. Advantageously, each pin 36 comprises a flange 44 delimiting a head 36.1 on the upstream side and a tail 36.2 on the downstream side, the head 36.1 being crimped in the bores 42.

La collerette 44 permet d'orienter l'axe du pion 36 orthogonalement à la portion annulaire 34.3. Par ailleurs, elle forme une butée axiale pour le pion et fixe la longueur de la partie du pion 36 ou queue 36.2 faisant saillie vers l'aval.The flange 44 serves to orient the axis of the pin 36 orthogonally to the annular portion 34.3. Furthermore, it forms an axial abutment for the pin and fixes the length of the portion of the pin 36 or tail 36.2 projecting downstream.

Dans le cas où la longueur de la tête et l'épaisseur de la bride de montage sont suffisantes pour assurer la perpendicularité du pion par rapport à la bride, et pour former une butée axiale pour les pions, une telle collerette peut être omise.In the case where the length of the head and the thickness of the mounting flange are sufficient to ensure the perpendicularity of the pin relative to the flange, and to form an axial stop for the pins, such a flange can be omitted.

Au lieu de sertir les têtes 36.1 dans les alésages 42, on peut prévoir de réaliser des têtes 36.1 filetées de longueur suffisante pour qu'elles dépassent des alésages 42 vers l'amont, et de visser des écrous sur chacune des têtes, ces écrous étant ensuite avantageusement sertis dans les alésages 42.Instead of crimping the heads 36.1 in the bores 42, it is possible to make threaded heads 36.1 of sufficient length so that they protrude from the bores 42 upstream, and to screw nuts on each of the heads, these nuts being then advantageously crimped into the bores 42.

On peut également envisager de sertir les pions dans la portion annulaire 24.3 du carter et non dans la bride 24. Cette variante a pour avantage de simplifier les réparations puisque, lors du retrait de la bride, les secteurs angulaires 8.1 restent sur le carter, supportés par les pions.It is also conceivable to crimp the pins in the annular portion 24.3 of the housing and not in the flange 24. This variant has the advantage of simplifying the repairs since, during the removal of the flange, the angular sectors 8.1 remain on the housing, supported by the pieces.

On peut également envisager d'utiliser des pions munis chacun d'une collerette et qui soient montés avec jeu à la fois dans le carter et dans la bride.It is also conceivable to use pins each provided with a flange and which are mounted with clearance both in the housing and in the flange.

Sur les figures 4A et 4B, on peut voir d'autres exemples de réalisation pour arrêter axialement les pions.On the Figures 4A and 4B other exemplary embodiments can be seen to stop the pins axially.

Sur la figure 4A, les alésages 44' comporte deux parties de diamètres différents raccordées par une portée annulaire 44.1' orientée vers l'aval, et l'extrémité amont du pion 36' comporte une partie de plus petit diamètre 36.1' et une partie de plus grand diamètre 36.2' raccordée par un épaulement 36.3', l'épaulement venant s'appliquer contre la portée annulaire, et arrêtant axialement les pions.On the Figure 4A the bores 44 'have two parts of different diameters connected by an annular bearing surface 44.1' facing downstream, and the upstream end of the pin 36 'has a smaller diameter portion 36.1' and a larger diameter portion 36.2 'connected by a shoulder 36.3', the shoulder being pressed against the annular bearing, and axially stop the pins.

Sur la figure 4B, les pions 36" comportent une partie de plus petit diamètre 36.1" et une partie de plus grand diamètre 36.2" raccordée par un épaulement 36.3" et arrêtant axialement les pions, l'épaulement venant s'appliquer contre la face aval de portion annulaire 34.3, le diamètre des alésages 44", étant sensiblement égal à celui de la partie de plus petit diamètre 36.1".On the Figure 4B , the pins 36 "comprise a portion of smaller diameter 36.1" and a larger diameter portion 36.2 "connected by a shoulder 36.3" and axially arresting the pins, the shoulder being pressed against the downstream face of the annular portion 34.3 the diameter of the bores 44 "being substantially equal to that of the smaller diameter portion 36.1".

Les écrous 30.2 sont avantageusement sertis sur la bride de montage. Dans l'exemple représenté, la portion tronconique 34.1 de la bride 34 comportent des alésages 43 traversés par les vis. Les alésages 43 offrent un diamètre supérieur à celui des vis 30.1, et les écrous comportent une jupe de sertissage 46 bordant les extrémités des écrous orientées du côté des alésages 43. Les jupes de sertissage 46 pénètrent chacune dans un alésage entre le bord de l'orifice et la vis, ces jupes 46 étant déformées pour réaliser le sertissage.The nuts 30.2 are advantageously crimped onto the mounting flange. In the example shown, the frustoconical portion 34.1 of the flange 34 comprise bores 43 traversed by the screws. The bores 43 have a diameter greater than that of the screws 30.1, and the nuts have a crimping skirt 46 bordering the ends of the nuts oriented on the side of the bores 43. The crimping skirts 46 each enter a bore between the edge of the orifice and the screw, these skirts 46 being deformed to perform crimping.

Il est, en outre, avantageusement prévu un arrêt en rotation des écrous 30.2. Pour cela, les écrous comportent au moins un méplat 48 sur leur périphérie extérieure, avantageusement deux pour simplifier l'orientation des écrous, la portion tronconique 34.1 comportant, quant à elle, des languettes 50 en bordure de chacun des orifices, coopérant avec un méplat pour empêcher la rotation des écrous.It is, moreover, advantageously provided a rotational stop nuts 30.2. For this, the nuts have at least one flat 48 on their outer periphery, advantageously two to simplify the orientation of the nuts, the frustoconical portion 34.1 comprising, in turn, tabs 50 at the edge of each of the orifices, cooperating with a flat part. to prevent the rotation of the nuts.

Ainsi, grâce au sertissage et à l'arrêt en rotation, les écrous ne peuvent se dévisser et se séparer des écrous. Les risques de perte accidentelle d'un ensemble vis-écrou sont alors très faibles. Il est bien entendu que l'assemblage au moyen d'écrous standards entre dans le cadre de la présente invention.Thus, thanks to crimping and stopping in rotation, the nuts can not be unscrewed and separate from the nuts. The risks of accidental loss of a screw-nut assembly are then very low. It is understood that the assembly by means of standard nuts is within the scope of the present invention.

Sur la figure 3, on peut voir une vue de la bride du côté amont, avantageusement la portion tronconique 34.1 est festonnée, les festons comportant les alésages 42 et étant traversés par les vis 30.1. Ce festonnage permet de réduire la masse de la bride. De même la portion annulaire 34.1 est également festonnée entre les paires d'alésages recevant les paires de pions traversant un secteur angulaire.On the figure 3 a view of the flange on the upstream side can be seen, advantageously the frustoconical portion 34.1 is festooned, the festoons having the bores 42 and being traversed by the screws 30.1. This feasting reduces the weight of the flange. Similarly, the annular portion 34.1 is also scalloped between the pairs of bores receiving the pairs of pins passing through an angular sector.

En outre, cette forme ajourée permet d'avoir une plus grande élasticité pour le montage et permet de rattraper certains jeux, comme nous le verrons par la suite.In addition, this openwork shape allows for greater elasticity for mounting and allows to catch some games, as we will see later.

Nous allons maintenant expliquer le montage des sections angulaires du distributeur sur le carter sous chambre 18.We will now explain the mounting of the angular sections of the distributor on the housing under chamber 18.

Les secteurs angulaires sont enfilés sur les pions 36 fixés sur la bride de montage 34.The angular sectors are threaded onto the pins 36 fixed on the mounting flange 34.

La bride de montage 34 ainsi équipée est rapprocher axialement du carter sous chambre jusqu'à faire pénétrer les pions 36 dans les alésages non débouchants 41.The mounting flange 34 thus equipped is brought axially closer to the chamber housing until the pins 36 enter the non-through holes 41.

Les écrous 30.2 sont mis en place sur la portion tronconique 34.1 au droit des orifices, le méplat 48 étant en contact avec la languette 50.The nuts 30.2 are placed on the frustoconical portion 34.1 to the right of the orifices, the flat 48 being in contact with the tongue 50.

Le support d'abradable est ensuite mis en place à l'intérieur du carter sous chambre 18, de sorte que la partie tronconique vienne en appui sur la face intérieure de la partie tronconique 24.1 du carter sous chambre 18. Une virole de protection peut être ajoutée.The abradable support is then put in place inside the housing under chamber 18, so that the frustoconical portion comes to bear on the inner face of the frustoconical portion 24.1 of the housing under chamber 18. A protective shell may be added.

Les vis 30.1 sont ensuite insérées par l'intérieur du carter sous chambre 18 et traverse le support d'abradable, le carter 18 et la bride de montage.The screws 30.1 are then inserted through the interior of the chamber housing 18 and pass through the abradable support, the housing 18 and the mounting flange.

Les vis 30.1 sont ensuite vissées dans les écrous 30.2.The screws 30.1 are then screwed into the nuts 30.2.

Par conséquent, on utilise un seul jeu d'ensemble vis-écrou 30 pour assembler simultanément l'anneau d'abradable et les secteurs angulaires. L'aubage est alors simplifié, allégé et le temps de fabrication est réduit.Therefore, only one set of screw-nut assembly 30 is used to simultaneously assemble the abradable ring and the angular sectors. The blading is then simplified, lightened and the manufacturing time is reduced.

De manière avantageuse, on peut utiliser les festons de la bride pour renforcer l'appui de la bride sur les pattes de fixation 22.Advantageously, the festoons of the flange can be used to reinforce the support of the flange on the fixing lugs 22.

Sur les figures 5A à 5C, on peut voir l'évolution des jeux entre les différentes pièces lors du serrage des vis.On the FIGS. 5A to 5C we can see the evolution of the games between the different parts when tightening the screws.

Lors de l'assemblage des pièces, le centrage de la bride de montage sur le carter 18 est obtenu par les pions 30. On met ensuite en butée la portion tubulaire 34.2 de la bride de montage sur la portion tubulaire 24.2 du carter 18, et la virole de protection sur la portion tubulaire 24.2 du carter 18.During assembly of the parts, the centering of the mounting flange on the casing 18 is obtained by the pins 30. The tubular portion 34.2 of the mounting flange is then abutted on the tubular portion 24.2 of the casing 18, and the protective ferrule on the tubular portion 24.2 of the housing 18.

On visse ensuite les vis 30.1 dans les écrous 30.2, ce qui provoque le basculement des festons de la bride en direction du carter, jusqu'à ce que les bords des festons viennent en contact avec le carter, position désignée par la lettre A.The screws 30.1 are then screwed into the nuts 30.2, causing the flaps of the flange to tilt towards the casing, until the edges of the scallops come into contact with the casing, a position designated by the letter A.

On poursuit ensuite le serrage des vis jusqu'à la valeur de couple nécessaire, ce qui provoque par réaction la mise en contact de la face aval de la portion annulaire 34.3 de la bride contre la saillie annulaire du carter, désigné par la lettre B. ce rattrapage de jeu est facilité par la plus grande élasticité de la bride de montage ajourée.The tightening of the screws is then continued until the required torque value, which causes the contacting of the downstream face of the annular portion 34.3 of the flange against the annular protrusion of the casing, designated by the letter B. this backlash is facilitated by the greater elasticity of the perforated mounting flange.

On peut envisager de ne pas utiliser d'écrous et visser directement les vis dans la bride en réalisant des alésages taraudés dans la bride, les taraudages étant directement usinés dans la bride ou rapportés sous forme d'insertsIt is conceivable not to use nuts and directly screw the screws into the flange by making tapped holes in the flange, the threads being directly machined in the flange or reported as inserts

Il est bien entendu que les formes particulières du carter et de la bride de montage ne sont en aucun cas limitatives, et qu'un profil sans portion tronconique pourrait être envisagé.It is understood that the particular forms of the housing and the mounting flange are in no way limiting, and a profile without frustoconical portion could be considered.

Claims (14)

  1. A stationary vane assembly for a turbine engine with a longitudinal axis (X) comprising a casing (18) and at least two angular sectors (8.1) provided with blades (12), said angular sectors (8.1) being fixed on the casing (18), each angular sector (8.1) comprising a platform (20) from which at least one blade (12) protrudes radially outwards and a fastening tab (22) for fastening the angular sector (8.1) on the casing (18), said fastening tab (22) protruding from the platform (22) radially inwards, the fixed vane assembly comprising a ring of abradable material (26) supported by a support (28) fixed on the casing (18) on a rotor vane assembly side via a plurality of screw-nut assemblies (30), the stationary vane assembly also comprising pins (36, 36', 36") for radial retention of the angular sectors (8.1) introduced into first bores formed in the fastening tabs (22) and in a mounting flange (34) said bores having axes substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis (X), the mounting flange (34) being fixed on the casing (18) using the same screw-nut assemblies (30) as those fixing the abradable material ring support on the casing (18) characterized in that
    the plurality of screw-nut assemblies (30) pass through the support (28) of the ring of abradable material (26) and the mounting flange (34) is situated opposite the ring of abradable material relative to the casing (18) and defines, with the casing (18), a groove in which the fastening tabs (22) are arranged.
  2. The stationary vane assembly according to claim 1, wherein each pin (36) comprises a skirt (44) extending orthogonally to the axis of the pin (36) radially outwards, said skirt (44) axially delimiting a head (36.1) and a tail (36.2), the head (36.1) being received in a first bore (42) of the mounting flange (34) and the skirt (44) bearing flat by one of its faces against the mounting flange (34), so as to orient the axis of the pin (30) orthogonally to the mounting flange (44).
  3. The stationary vane assembly according to claim 1, wherein each pin (36') comprises a portion with a smaller section (36.1') and a second portion with a larger section (36.2') connected by a shoulder (36.3'), the first bores each comprising an annular step (44.1') against which said shoulder (36.3') bears so as to prevent the radial retaining pins (36) from moving axially away from the casing (18).
  4. The stationary vane assembly according to claim 1, wherein each radial retaining pin (36") comprises a first portion with a smaller section (36.1") and a second portion with a larger section (36.2") connected by a shoulder (36.3"), said shoulder (36.3") bearing against the periphery of a first bore of the mounting flange so as to prevent the pins (36") from moving axially away from the casing (18).
  5. The stationary vane assembly according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each pin (36) is crimped by a first longitudinal end in the first bores of the mounting flange (34).
  6. The stationary vane assembly according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a second longitudinal end of the radial retaining pins (36) is received in first bores of the casing, these bores advantageously not being through-bores.
  7. The stationary vane assembly according to claim 6, wherein the pins (36) are crimped in first bores of the casing (18).
  8. The stationary vane assembly according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the mounting flange (34) comprises second bores (43) passed through by the screw-nut assemblies (30), the nuts (36.1) being crimped in the second bores (43) of the mounting flange (34).
  9. The stationary vane assembly according to the preceding claim, comprising means for locking the nuts in rotation.
  10. The stationary vane according to the preceding claim, wherein each nut comprises at least one flat section (48) on its periphery and the mounting flange (34) comprises a tab (50) bordering each of the second bores (43), the flat section (48) cooperating with the tab (50) to prevent the rotation of the nut (30.2).
  11. The stationary vane assembly according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the nuts are formed by the mounting flange (34), for example by making tappings in the second bores of the flange.
  12. The stationary vane assembly according to one of the preceding claims, comprising protective shrouds (32) covering the heads of the fastening screws (30.1) of the ring of abradable material.
  13. The stationary vane assembly according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the casing (18) is a inner casing and the angular sectors (8.1) form a highpressure turbine guide vane assembly, the mounting flange (34) being positioned on a combustion chamber side.
  14. A turbine engine comprising at least one stationary vane assembly according to one of the preceding claims.
EP09809331.3A 2008-08-26 2009-08-25 Fixed vane assembly for a turbine engine having reduced weight, and turbine engine including at least one such fixed vane assembly Active EP2318666B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0855732A FR2935429B1 (en) 2008-08-26 2008-08-26 FIXED BLADE OF TURBOMACHINE WITH REDUCED MASS AND TURBOMACHINE COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE SUCH FIXED AUBAGE
PCT/EP2009/060929 WO2010023204A1 (en) 2008-08-26 2009-08-25 Fixed vane assembly for a turbine engine having a reduced weight, and turbine engine including at least one such fixed vane assembly

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2318666A1 EP2318666A1 (en) 2011-05-11
EP2318666B1 true EP2318666B1 (en) 2013-07-31

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EP09809331.3A Active EP2318666B1 (en) 2008-08-26 2009-08-25 Fixed vane assembly for a turbine engine having reduced weight, and turbine engine including at least one such fixed vane assembly

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US (1) US8864458B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2318666B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5559792B2 (en)
CN (1) CN102132010B (en)
BR (1) BRPI0917801A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2734289A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2935429B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2515694C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2010023204A1 (en)

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FR2995021B1 (en) * 2012-09-04 2017-08-25 Snecma AIR SUPPLY DEVICE FOR AIRCRAFT ENGINE TURBINES
FR3009579B1 (en) 2013-08-07 2015-09-25 Snecma TURBINE HOUSING IN TWO MATERIALS
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US8864458B2 (en) 2014-10-21
WO2010023204A1 (en) 2010-03-04
RU2515694C2 (en) 2014-05-20
CA2734289A1 (en) 2010-03-04
FR2935429B1 (en) 2011-11-25
BRPI0917801A2 (en) 2016-03-01
FR2935429A1 (en) 2010-03-05
JP2012500936A (en) 2012-01-12
JP5559792B2 (en) 2014-07-23
EP2318666A1 (en) 2011-05-11
RU2011111515A (en) 2012-10-10
US20110206504A1 (en) 2011-08-25
CN102132010B (en) 2014-04-16
CN102132010A (en) 2011-07-20

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