EP2311996B1 - Method for thermal treatment of castings by infrared radiation - Google Patents
Method for thermal treatment of castings by infrared radiation Download PDFInfo
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- EP2311996B1 EP2311996B1 EP10013748.8A EP10013748A EP2311996B1 EP 2311996 B1 EP2311996 B1 EP 2311996B1 EP 10013748 A EP10013748 A EP 10013748A EP 2311996 B1 EP2311996 B1 EP 2311996B1
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 45
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/2084—Manipulating or transferring devices for evacuating cast pieces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D29/00—Removing castings from moulds, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group; Removing cores; Handling ingots
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D30/00—Cooling castings, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the heat treatment of castings, in particular of light metal die castings by solution heat treatment, cooling and aging, wherein the castings are solution annealed by means of infrared rays for preferably one to five minutes, then quenched and hot aged for preferably two to five minutes.
- the castings are removed after casting the mold, cooled and optionally after mechanical processing in a separate plant / oven solution annealed, air quenched and panned warm. Usually this electric or gas-fired furnaces are used. Typical heating times of the components to the solution annealing temperature are about 10 to 20 minutes.
- FIG. 1 shows the dependence of the strength properties of an AlCuMg casting alloy on the maximum solution annealing temperature, whereby a sudden, serious decrease of the maximum values can be observed both for the tensile strength R m and Rp 0.2 and for the elongation A 5 after a steady increase.
- the cooling rate can be sufficient to even in the casting state to keep a part of the hardening components excessively dissolved and thus to bring about a certain hardening effect.
- the cooling rates within the casting are different, so that the strength values may unintentionally differ.
- the conditions of the solution annealing treatment must be strictly adhered to, so that on the one hand the curing effect is fully utilized and, on the other hand, no melting can occur which would render the workpiece completely unusable.
- the solution annealing time is another parameter of the heat treatment, which also has to be adapted exactly to the manufacturing process. This is particularly difficult in the usual heat treatment, since only the effective annealing time of the workpiece at the prescribed solution annealing temperature (metal temperature), ie without warm-up time must be considered.
- EP 0 541 353 discloses an apparatus and method for heat treating a plurality of individual aluminum alloy parts in a plurality of successive stations of a transport line, wherein one of the parts in each of the stations is heat treated with direct irradiation from infrared lamps.
- WO 2005/121386 A2 Describes a method and integrated system for forming and heat treating a metal casting comprising a casting station for casting molten metal into a mold to form the casting, a heat treatment station downstream of the casting station, and a heat treatment furnace having an entrance zone for receiving the casting A heat source disposed along a path of movement of the casting between the casting station and the heat treatment station, for applying heat to the casting as required to maintain the casting at or above a predetermined process control temperature for the metal of the casting that is below a temperature Heat treatment temperature thereof is sufficient to provide a required solidification cooling of the casting, while the time required for heating the casting to its heat temperature is minimized, and a subsequent Continuous heat treatment of the casting.
- the method according to the invention for the heat treatment of cast parts is characterized in that first a die casting or die casting is carried out in a mold, and this mold is opened, and the cast parts thereupon are not removed from the mold, but are solution-annealed directly by means of infrared rays, are then quenched during the spraying of the mold and only then taken and hot outsourced.
- the castings are preferably solution-annealed by means of infrared rays for a period of time between one second and one hour, preferably one to five minutes, then quenched for one second to one hour, preferably two to five minutes and panned warm.
- the quenching and removal preferably takes place in a single step or successive steps.
- the preferred method steps used are a die casting process in a die casting mold, removal of the diecasting die from the die casting die, solution heat treatment of the diecasting die, preferably in a solution annealing zone and quenching, preferably after aging in a quenching and aging zone.
- the removal of the casting takes place after the solution annealing.
- a mechanical processing zone is preferably arranged before or after the location of the removal, in which a punching or a calibration step takes place.
- a particularly good energy balance of a process not according to the invention is achieved when the process steps as in the process for heat treatment of castings after FIG. 2a be performed.
- a molding or die casting is performed in a mold which is preferably divided, and this mold is opened.
- the casting is then removed from the mold.
- the casting is solution annealed with infrared rays, preferably quenched for 1 to 5 minutes and then, preferably for 2 to 5 minutes.
- the casting is outsourced warm.
- the method according to the invention further improves the energy balance of the method.
- the process steps as in the process scheme for heat treatment of castings after FIG. 2 B be performed.
- a die casting is first performed in a mold which is preferably divided, and this die is opened.
- the casting is then not removed from the mold, but solution heat treated directly with infrared rays, preferably for 1 to 5 minutes. Thereafter, the casting is quenched during the spraying of the mold and only then removed. Finally, the casting is outsourced warm.
- the alloy used is an aluminum or magnesium die casting alloy.
- an infrared radiation having wavelengths in the range of 0.8 .mu.m and 100 .mu.m, preferably from 1 to 3.5 .mu.m, particularly preferably from 2 .mu.m to 3.5 .mu.m, is used.
- This preferred range should be used in particular for a cast or die cast part made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- the quenching of the cast or die cast parts after heating to solution annealing temperature is preferably done in water, in a polymer or in air.
- an IR source can be used. Suitable IR sources are known to the person skilled in the art. Often, these sources consist of a number of areal radiators. The number of active radiators is adapted in a preferred embodiment to the dimensions of the casting. If necessary, the casting can be heated from several sides.
- punching of the die-cast parts takes place in the soft state.
- the method according to the invention can be used with aluminum parts, in particular with infrared radiation, which lies in the wavelength range from 1 to 3.5 ⁇ m. If the proportion of liquid, for example, the proportion of releasing agent residues, on the component surface is large, a wavelength range of 2 to 3.5 ⁇ m should preferably be applied.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von Gussteilen, insbesondere von Leichtmetall-Druckgussteilen durch Lösungsglühen, Abkühlen und Auslagern, wobei die Gussteile mittels Infrarotstrahlen für vorzugsweise ein bis fünf Minuten lösungsgeglüht, danach für vorzugsweise zwei bis fünf Minuten abgeschreckt und warm ausgelagert werden.The invention relates to a process for the heat treatment of castings, in particular of light metal die castings by solution heat treatment, cooling and aging, wherein the castings are solution annealed by means of infrared rays for preferably one to five minutes, then quenched and hot aged for preferably two to five minutes.
Üblicherweise werden die Gussteile nach dem Gießen der Form entnommen, abgekühlt und gegebenenfalls nach einer mechanischen Bearbeitung in einer separaten Anlage/Ofen Lösungsgeglüht, luftabgeschreckt und warm ausgelagert. Üblicherweise werden hierfür elektrisch oder gasbeheizte Öfen verwendet. Typische Aufheizzeiten der Bauteile auf die Lösungsglühtemperatur liegen bei ca. 10 bis 20 Minuten.Usually, the castings are removed after casting the mold, cooled and optionally after mechanical processing in a separate plant / oven solution annealed, air quenched and panned warm. Usually this electric or gas-fired furnaces are used. Typical heating times of the components to the solution annealing temperature are about 10 to 20 minutes.
Je nach Temperaturhöhe und Behandlungsdauer kann mit einer derartigen Wärmebehandlung die Festigkeit von Gusslegierungen, insbesondere von aushärtbaren Leichtmetall-Druckgusslegierungen wesentlich beeinflusst werden.
Die mit dem Lösungsglühprozess verbundenen metallkundlichen Vorgänge sind je nach Legierungstyp unterschiedlich. So kann bei bestimmten Gusslegierungen in metallischen Dauerformen die Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit ausreichen, um schon im Gusszustand einen Teil der aushärtenden Bestandteile überschüssig gelöst zu halten und somit einen gewissen Aushärtungseffekt zu bewirken. Je nach Struktur der Bauteile sind aber die Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeiten innerhalb des Gussteiles unterschiedlich, sodass auch die Festigkeitswerte unbeabsichtigt differieren können.The metallurgical processes associated with the solution annealing process vary depending on the type of alloy. Thus, in certain casting alloys in metallic permanent molds, the cooling rate can be sufficient to even in the casting state to keep a part of the hardening components excessively dissolved and thus to bring about a certain hardening effect. Depending on the structure of the components, however, the cooling rates within the casting are different, so that the strength values may unintentionally differ.
Bei bestimmten Legierungen wie z.B. einer Aluminiumlegierung vom Typ AlCuMg müssen die Bedingungen der Lösungsglühbehandlung genau eingehalten werden, damit einerseits der Aushärtungseffekt voll ausgenutzt wird und andererseits noch kein Anschmelzen auftreten kann, das das Werkstück völlig unbrauchbar machen würde. Die Lösungsglühdauer ist ein weiterer Parameter der Wärmebehandlung, der ebenfalls genau auf den Herstellungsprozess abgestimmt werden muss. Dies ist bei der üblichen Wärmebehandlung besonders schwierig, da nur die effektive Glühzeit des Werkstücks bei der vorgeschriebenen Lösungsglühtemperatur (Metalltemperatur), also ohne Anwärmzeit berücksichtigt werden muss.For certain alloys, e.g. In the case of an AlCuMg aluminum alloy, the conditions of the solution annealing treatment must be strictly adhered to, so that on the one hand the curing effect is fully utilized and, on the other hand, no melting can occur which would render the workpiece completely unusable. The solution annealing time is another parameter of the heat treatment, which also has to be adapted exactly to the manufacturing process. This is particularly difficult in the usual heat treatment, since only the effective annealing time of the workpiece at the prescribed solution annealing temperature (metal temperature), ie without warm-up time must be considered.
Beim Abschreckprozess kommt es wiederum darauf an, dass das Temperaturgebiet zwischen Lösungsglühtemperatur und etwa 200°C möglichst rasch durchlaufen wird, um ein vorzeitiges Ausscheiden der überschüssig gelösten Bestandteile der Legierung zu vermeiden. Unter Umständen ist auch der Transport eines Gussteiles nach dem Lösungsglühen bei der Entnahme aus dem Glühofen kritisch, da jede Verzögerung vor dem Abschrecken die Festigkeit und auch die Korrosionsbeständigkeit ungünstig beeinflussen kann. Dies gilt insbesondere für die bei der herkömmlichen Wärmebehandlung von Großserienteilen übliche chargenweise Behandlung in Mehrkammeröfen.In the quenching process, it is again important that the temperature range between solution annealing temperature and about 200 ° C is traversed as quickly as possible in order to avoid premature separation of the excess dissolved components of the alloy. Under certain circumstances, the transport of a casting after the solution annealing during removal from the annealing furnace is critical, since any delay before quenching can affect the strength and corrosion resistance unfavorable. This applies in particular to the batchwise treatment in multi-chamber ovens customary in the conventional heat treatment of high-volume parts.
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik wollen die Erfinder ein-Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art für die Anwendung bei der Wärmebehandlung von im Druckgussverfahren hergestellten Großserienteilen entwickeln, wobei folgende Eigenschaften verbessert bzw. erstmalig ermöglicht werden sollen:
- Verbesserung der Energiebilanz
- Verringerung des Verzugs aufgrund von Wärmebehandlungsmaßnahmen (Verbesserung der Maßhaltigkeit)
- Gezieltes, punktuelles Erhitzen im Bereich hochbeanspruchter Bauteile
- Verbesserung des Emissionsverhaltens
- Bessere Abstimmung der Taktzeiten beim Lösungsglühen und Abschrecken
- Bessere Überwachung der Glühtemperaturen und Glühzeiten
- Größere Flexibilität für die mechanische Bearbeitung während der Wärmebehandlung
- Improvement of the energy balance
- Reduction of distortion due to heat treatment measures (improvement of dimensional stability)
- Targeted, selective heating in the area of highly stressed components
- Improvement of emission behavior
- Better coordination of cycle times during solution annealing and quenching
- Better monitoring of annealing temperatures and annealing times
- Greater flexibility for mechanical processing during heat treatment
Die vorbeschriebenen Verbesserungen und die sich daraus ergebende Aufgabenstellung werden erfindungsgemäß mit den in den Patentansprüchen 1 bis 8 angegebenen Merkmalen erreicht bzw. gelöst.The above-described improvements and the resulting task are achieved or solved according to the invention with the features specified in the claims 1 to 8.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von Gussteilen, insbesondere von Leichtmetall-Druckgussteilen mit den Schritten Lösungsglühen, Abkühlen und Auslagern zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass zunächst ein Form- oder Druckguss in einer Form durchgeführt wird, und diese Form geöffnet wird, und die Gussteile darauf hin nicht aus der Form entnommen werden, sondern direkt mittels Infrarotstrahlen lösungogeglüht werden, danach während des Sprühens der Form abgeschreckt werden und erst dann entnommen und warm ausgelagert werden.The method according to the invention for the heat treatment of cast parts, in particular of light metal die cast parts with the steps solution annealing, cooling and aging, is characterized in that first a die casting or die casting is carried out in a mold, and this mold is opened, and the cast parts thereupon are not removed from the mold, but are solution-annealed directly by means of infrared rays, are then quenched during the spraying of the mold and only then taken and hot outsourced.
Die Gussteile werden dabei bevorzugt mittels Infrarotstrahlen für einen Zeitraum zwischen einer Sekunde und einer Stunde, vorzugsweise ein bis fünf Minuten lösungsgeglüht werden, danach für eine Sekunde bis eine Stunde, vorzugsweise zwei bis fünf Minuten abgeschreckt und warm ausgelagert werden.The castings are preferably solution-annealed by means of infrared rays for a period of time between one second and one hour, preferably one to five minutes, then quenched for one second to one hour, preferably two to five minutes and panned warm.
Die Abschreckung und Auslagerung erfolgt dabei bevorzugt in einem einzigen Schritt oder aufeinander folgenden Schritten.The quenching and removal preferably takes place in a single step or successive steps.
Die bevorzugt angewandten Verfahrensschritte sind ein Druckgießprozess in einer Druckgussform, eine Entnahme des Druckgussteiles aus der Druckgussform, Lösungsglühen des Druckgussteiles, vorzugsweise in einer Lösungsglühzone und eine Abschreckung, vorzugsweise nach Auslagerung in einer Abschreck- und Auslagerungszone.
Die Entnahme des Gussteils erfolgt dabei nach dem Lösungsglühen.The preferred method steps used are a die casting process in a die casting mold, removal of the diecasting die from the die casting die, solution heat treatment of the diecasting die, preferably in a solution annealing zone and quenching, preferably after aging in a quenching and aging zone.
The removal of the casting takes place after the solution annealing.
Dabei ist bevorzugt vor oder nach dem Ort der Auslagerung eine mechanische Bearbeitungszone angeordnet, in der eine Stanzung oder ein Kalibrierschritt erfolgt.In this case, a mechanical processing zone is preferably arranged before or after the location of the removal, in which a punching or a calibration step takes place.
Eine besonders gute Energiebilanz eines nicht erfindungsgemäßem Verfahrens wird erreicht, wenn die Verfahrensschritte wie in dem Verfahrensschema zum Wärmebehandeln von Gussteilen nach
In diesem Verfahren wird zunächst ein Form- oder Druckguss in einer Form, die bevorzugt geteilt ist, durchgeführt, und diese Form geöffnet.
Das Gussteil wird darauf hin der Form entnommen. Danach wird das Gussteil mit Infrarotstrahlen lösungsgeglüht, vorzugsweise für 1 bis 5 Minuten und dann, vorzugsweise für 2 bis 5 Minuten, abgeschreckt. Zum Schluss wird das Gussteil warm ausgelagert.A particularly good energy balance of a process not according to the invention is achieved when the process steps as in the process for heat treatment of castings after
In this process, first, a molding or die casting is performed in a mold which is preferably divided, and this mold is opened.
The casting is then removed from the mold. Thereafter, the casting is solution annealed with infrared rays, preferably quenched for 1 to 5 minutes and then, preferably for 2 to 5 minutes. Finally, the casting is outsourced warm.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren verbessert die Energiebilanz des Verfahrens weiter. Dazu müssen die Verfahrensschritte wie in dem Verfahrensschema zum Wärmebehandeln von Gussteilen nach
In diesem Verfahren wird ebenfalls zunächst ein Form- oder Druckguss in einer Form, die bevorzugt geteilt ist, durchgeführt, und diese Form geöffnet.
Das Gussteil wird darauf hin nicht der Form entnommen, sondern direkt mit Infrarotstrahlen lösungsgeglüht, vorzugsweise für 1 bis 5 Minuten. Danach wird das Gussteil während des Sprühens der Form abgeschreckt und erst dann entnommen. Zum Schluss wird das Gussteil warm ausgelagert.In this method as well, a die casting is first performed in a mold which is preferably divided, and this die is opened.
The casting is then not removed from the mold, but solution heat treated directly with infrared rays, preferably for 1 to 5 minutes. Thereafter, the casting is quenched during the spraying of the mold and only then removed. Finally, the casting is outsourced warm.
In einem bevorzugten Verfahren wird als Legierung eine Aluminium- oder Magnesium-Druckgusslegierung verwendet.In a preferred method, the alloy used is an aluminum or magnesium die casting alloy.
In einem weiteren bevorzugten Verfahren wird eine Infrarotstrahlung mit Wellenlängen im Bereich von 0,8 µm und 100 µm, vorzugsweise von 1 bis 3,5 µm, besonders bevorzugt von 2 µm bis 3,5 µm, verwendet. Dieser bevorzugte Bereich sollte insbesondere für ein Guss- oder Druckgussteil aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung verwendet werden.In a further preferred method, an infrared radiation having wavelengths in the range of 0.8 .mu.m and 100 .mu.m, preferably from 1 to 3.5 .mu.m, particularly preferably from 2 .mu.m to 3.5 .mu.m, is used. This preferred range should be used in particular for a cast or die cast part made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
Die Abschreckung der Guss- oder Druckgussteile nach dem Erhitzen auf Lösungsglühtemperatur geschieht vorzugsweise in Wasser, in einem Polymer oder an Luft.The quenching of the cast or die cast parts after heating to solution annealing temperature is preferably done in water, in a polymer or in air.
Zur Erzeugung der Infrarotstrahlung kann eine IR-Quelle verwendet werden. Geeignete IR-Quellen sind dem Fachmann bekannt.
Oftmals bestehen diese Quellen aus einer Anzahl von flächig angeordneten Strahlern. Die Anzahl der aktiven Strahler wird in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform auf die Dimensionen des Gussteils angepasst.
Falls notwendig kann das Gussteil von mehreren Seiten erhitzt werden.To generate the infrared radiation, an IR source can be used. Suitable IR sources are known to the person skilled in the art.
Often, these sources consist of a number of areal radiators. The number of active radiators is adapted in a preferred embodiment to the dimensions of the casting.
If necessary, the casting can be heated from several sides.
In einem weiteren bevorzugten Verfahren erfolgt nach dem Abschrecken und vor der Auslagerung eine Stanzung der Druckgussteile im weichen Zustand.In a further preferred method, after quenching and before removal from the blank, punching of the die-cast parts takes place in the soft state.
Beispiele für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sind in den Abbildungen dargestellt. Es zeigen:
- FIG. 1:
- Festigkeits- und Dehnungsverhalten bei einem konventionellen Prozess mit Stufenglühung und Einfachglühung
- FIG. 2a:
- Verfahrensschema zum Wärmebehandeln von Gussteilen mit verbesserter Energiebilanz; schematisierter Verfahrensablauf als Blockdiagramm (nicht erfindungsgemäß)
- FIG. 2b:
- Verfahrensschema zum Wärmebehandeln von Gussteilen mit verbesserter Energiebilanz; schematisierter Verfahrensablauf als Blockdiagramm
- FIG 3:
- Schematische Darstellung des IR Wärmetransfers; prinzipieller Aufbau einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
- FIG. 1:
- Strength and elongation behavior in a conventional process with step annealing and single annealing
- FIG. 2a:
- Process scheme for heat treating castings with improved energy balance; Schematic procedure as a block diagram (not according to the invention)
- FIG. 2 B:
- Process scheme for heat treating castings with improved energy balance; schematic process flow as a block diagram
- 3
- Schematic representation of IR heat transfer; basic structure of a device for carrying out the method
Im Folgenden werden die Vorteile der Erfindung anhand eines Vergleiches bei der Energiebilanz erläutert. Hierbei sollen die verbrauchten Energien bei einem herkömmlichen Prozess im Vergleich zu denen bei einer Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens dargestellt werden.The advantages of the invention are explained below on the basis of a comparison in the energy balance. Here, the consumed energies are to be represented in a conventional process compared to those in an application of the method according to the invention.
Die verbrauchte Energie (siehe
- Q = die total verbrauchte Energie für den gesamten Prozess
- QT die Wärme (durch Radiation), die notwendig ist, um die Bauteiltemperatur auf die Temperatur T zu erhöhen
- Qu= die Wärme (durch Radiation), die notwendig ist, um die Temperatur der eventuellen Trennmittelreste auf der Bauteiloberfläche auf die Temperatur T zu erhöhen
- Qe = die Wärme (durch Radiation), die notwendig ist, um die Verdampfung der eventuellen Trennmittelreste auf der Bauteiloberfläche hervorzurufen
- η = Wirkungsgrad
- Gs = Bauteilgewicht
- Cs = Spezifische Wärme des Bauteiles
- Gu = Gewicht der verdampften Flüssigkeit
- Cu = Spezifische Wärme der Flüssigkeit
- as = IR-Absorptionsfaktor des Bauteiles (IR = InfraRot)
- au= IR-Absorptionsfaktor der Flüssigkeit
- Cv = Verdampfungswärme der Flüssigkeit
- Q = the total energy consumed for the whole process
- Q T is the heat (by radiation) necessary to increase the component temperature to the temperature T.
- Q u = the heat (by radiation), which is necessary to increase the temperature of the possible release agent residues on the component surface to the temperature T.
- Q e = the heat (by radiation) necessary to cause the evaporation of any release agent residues on the surface of the component
- η = efficiency
- G s = component weight
- C s = specific heat of the component
- G u = weight of vaporized liquid
- C u = specific heat of the liquid
- a s = IR absorption factor of the component (IR = InfraRed)
- au = IR absorption factor of the liquid
- C v = heat of vaporization of the liquid
Der Vergleich der Prozesseffizienz zwischen den herkömmlichen Methoden (Gas- und elektrische Beheizung) und der IR-Methode kann mit Hilfe der Wirkungsgradanalyse (siehe
- η = Wirkungsgrad
- QN = die Wärme, die notwendig ist, um die Charge zu erhitzen
- QP = die gesamt produzierte Wärme
- η = efficiency
- Q N = the heat necessary to heat the batch
- Q P = the total heat produced
Sei die vereinfachte Betrachtung:
- QN = die Wärme, die notwendig ist, um die Charge zu erhitzen
- Qaux = die Wärme, die notwendig ist, um die komplette Umgebung (Ofenraum, Gestell, elektrische Elemente usw.) zu erhitzen
- QUV = der Wärmeverlust, der durch die unvollständige
- Gasverbrennung entsteht (im Falle einer Gasbeheizung)
- QFL = der Wärmeverlust, der durch die Erhitzung der falschen Luft entsteht (im Falle einer Gasbeheizung)
- Qx = der unvorhersehbare Wärmeverlust
- IR = Infrarotvariante
- H = herkömmliche Variante
- Die IR-Strahlung wird ausschließlich auf das Bauteil fokussiert; es wird ausschließlich das Bauteil erhitzt.
- Q N = the heat necessary to heat the batch
- Q aux = the heat necessary to heat the whole environment (oven room, rack, electrical elements, etc.)
- Q UV = the heat loss caused by the incomplete
- Gas combustion occurs (in the case of gas heating)
- Q FL = the heat loss caused by the heating of the wrong air (in case of gas heating)
- Qx = the unpredictable heat loss
- IR = infrared variant
- H = conventional variant
- The IR radiation is focused exclusively on the component; it is only the component heated.
Daraus folgt:
Woraus sich ergibt:
Praktische Versuche haben gezeigt, dass das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bei Aluminiumteilen insbesondere mit einer Infrarotstrahlung angewendet werden kann, die im WellenLängenbereich von 1 bis 3,5 µm liegt. Falls der Anteil von Flüssigkeit, zum Beispiel der Anteil von Trennmittelresten, auf der Bauteiloberfläche groß ist, sollte ein Wellenlängenbereich von 2 bis 3,5 µm bevorzugt angewendet werden.Practical experiments have shown that the method according to the invention can be used with aluminum parts, in particular with infrared radiation, which lies in the wavelength range from 1 to 3.5 μm. If the proportion of liquid, for example, the proportion of releasing agent residues, on the component surface is large, a wavelength range of 2 to 3.5 μm should preferably be applied.
Claims (8)
- A method of heat treatment of castings, especially light-metal die castings, by solution heat treatment, cooling and aging, characterized in that , first, mold casting or die casting is carried out in a mold or die and said mold or die is opened, and that then the castings are not removed from the mold or die but are directly solution heat-treated by means of infrared rays, then quenched while the mold or die is being sprayed, and only then removed and artificially aged.
- The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after the production of the casting, said casting is solution heat-treated by means of infrared rays, then quenched for 2 to 5 minutes and subsequently artificially aged.
- The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after the production of the casting, the said casting is solution heat-treated in the mold or die by infrared rays for 1 to 5 minutes, thereafter quenched, and only then removed and subsequently artificially aged.
- The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an aluminum or magnesium die casting alloy is used as the alloy.
- The method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that for a casting or die casting made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, an infrared radiation is used having wavelengths in the range of 1 to 3.5 µm.
- The method according to claim 5, characterized in that a wavelength in the range of 2 to 3.5 µm is applied.
- The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the castings or die castings are quenched in water, polymer, or in air after heating to solution treatment temperature.
- The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after quenching and prior to aging, stamping is performed in the soft state of the die castings.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102009049785 | 2009-10-19 | ||
DE102010009118.9A DE102010009118B4 (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-02-24 | Process for the heat treatment of castings |
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EP2311996A2 EP2311996A2 (en) | 2011-04-20 |
EP2311996A3 EP2311996A3 (en) | 2013-10-30 |
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DE102011114768B4 (en) * | 2010-10-26 | 2015-01-08 | Audi Ag | Method for producing cast components |
DE102011105447B4 (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2019-08-22 | Audi Ag | Process for the production of aluminum die-cast parts |
DE102011052514B4 (en) * | 2011-08-09 | 2018-04-19 | Ks Huayu Alutech Gmbh | Method of tempering a cylinder crankcase produced by die casting |
DE102011119002A1 (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2013-05-23 | Audi Ag | Method for preparation of light-metal casting structure e.g. aluminum pressure casting structure, involves casting a metal cast section by casting machine and performing heat treatment of metal cast section using fluidized bed furnace |
CN103786031B (en) * | 2014-01-18 | 2016-11-16 | 中南大学 | Strength heatproof magnesium alloy forging part forming technology in one |
CN105385823B (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2017-05-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Deformation control method for complex components with different wall thicknesses in heat machining process |
DE102020003877A1 (en) | 2020-06-29 | 2021-12-30 | Daimler Ag | Method for producing a component, in particular for a motor vehicle and component |
CN114182183A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-15 | 苏州创泰合金材料有限公司 | Aluminum alloy heat treatment process |
CN115786827B (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-08-25 | 宁波海威汽车零件股份有限公司 | Low-deformation heat treatment method for die-casting AlSi10MnMg alloy thin-wall parts |
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CA2081055C (en) * | 1991-11-05 | 1999-12-21 | John R. Eppeland | Method and apparatus for heat treatment of metal parts utilizing infrared radiation |
US5536337A (en) * | 1992-02-27 | 1996-07-16 | Hayes Wheels International, Inc. | Method for heat treating a metal component |
EP0628089A4 (en) * | 1992-02-27 | 1995-11-22 | Hayes Wheel Int Inc | Method for producing a cast aluminum vehicle wheel. |
KR20070024675A (en) * | 2004-06-02 | 2007-03-02 | 콘솔리데이티드 엔지니어링 캄파니, 인크. | Integrated metal processing facility |
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DE102010009118B4 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
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