EP2297448B1 - Fuel injection system for a piston engine - Google Patents
Fuel injection system for a piston engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2297448B1 EP2297448B1 EP09757669A EP09757669A EP2297448B1 EP 2297448 B1 EP2297448 B1 EP 2297448B1 EP 09757669 A EP09757669 A EP 09757669A EP 09757669 A EP09757669 A EP 09757669A EP 2297448 B1 EP2297448 B1 EP 2297448B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- injection system
- fuel injection
- injector
- injectors
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010763 heavy fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
- F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
- F02M55/002—Arrangement of leakage or drain conduits in or from injectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
- F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
- F02M63/0275—Arrangement of common rails
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
- F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
- F02M63/0275—Arrangement of common rails
- F02M63/0285—Arrangement of common rails having more than one common rail
- F02M63/029—Arrangement of common rails having more than one common rail per cylinder bank, e.g. storing different fuels or fuels at different pressure levels per cylinder bank
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/40—Fuel-injection apparatus with fuel accumulators, e.g. a fuel injector having an integrated fuel accumulator
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fuel injection system for a piston engine according the preamble of claim 1.
- common rail fuel injection system For improving operation of piston engines a so-called common rail fuel injection system is commonly used.
- the pressure supply and the fuel injection are functionally separated from each other.
- Fuel is fed by means of high pressure pump into a common pressure supply, from which it is led through separate pipes into injector of each cylinder.
- Document WO 2005/038232 discloses a fuel injection system in which the leak flow space of the high-pressure pipe is connected via a valve to an expansion space and furthermore, the pressure in the leak flow space is measured.
- the valve provides the operatively necessary limitation of the volume of the flow space for pressure measurement and at the same time it acts as a discharge passage for possible over-pressure and leak fuel.
- a direct passage out of the engine may act as an expansion space.
- Another option is to use the channel for continuous leak connected to the fuel recycle system as an expansion space.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an improved fuel injection system for a piston engine.
- the object of the invention is achieved by a fuel injection system according to claim 1.
- the fuel injection system according to the invention comprises at least one pressure accumulator for pressurized fuel and injectors connected to the pressure accumulator or pressure accumulators for injecting pressurized fuel into the cylinders.
- the system further comprises a leakage channel arrangement for removing fuel leaking from the injectors.
- the leakage channel arrangement is provided with a leak detector for detecting a fuel leak.
- fuel injection from the injector is controlled by a fuel pressure in a control chamber of the injector and a return pipe is connected to the injector, through which return pipe fuel is removed from the control chamber.
- the fuel injection system 1 comprises at least one pressure accumulator 7, 8 for high pressure fuel.
- the system shown in fig. 1 comprises two separate accumulators 7, 8 arranged in flow connection with each other via a connecting pipe 9. Fuel is fed from the high pressure pump 5 into the first pressure accumulator 7 from which fuel is further fed through the connecting pipe 9 into a second pressure accumulator 8. Further, each injector 6 may be provided with an injector pressure accumulator 18, into which fuel is fed from the pressure accumulator 7, 8.
- the second pressure accumulator 8 is provided with a circulation valve 10 through which fuel can be circulated in the injection system 1 for heating before the start-up of the engine.
- the second pressure accumulator 8 is also provided with a safety valve 11 for maintaining the pressure in the pressure accumulators 7, 8 and/or injector pressure accumulators 18 below a predetermined maximum value.
- Safety valve 11 can also be used to de-pressurize the pressure accumulators 7, 8 and/or injector pressure accumulators 18 when necessary.
- the fuel injection system 1 comprises injectors 6 for injecting fuel into the cylinders 12 of the engine.
- the structure of the fuel injectors 6 is shown in more detail in figure 2 .
- the injectors 6 are mounted in the cylinder head 13 of the engine.
- Each injector 6 is connected via a supply pipe 14 to the pressure accumulator 7, 8.
- the end part of the supply pipe 14 is arranged in a bore 35 in the cylinder head 13.
- several injectors 6 are connected to each pressure accumulator 7, 8, but when necessary, only one injector 6 may be connected to each accumulator 7, 8.
- Fuel is fed from the pressure accumulators 7, 8 to the injectors 6 via supply pipes 14.
- the supply pipes 14 are provided with double walls.
- the inner flow space of supply pipe 14 is for high pressure fuel and the outer flow space acts as a collecting channel for possibly leaking fuel.
- the outer flow spaces of the supply pipes are in flow connection with a fuel leak detection system which can be arranged in connection with the pressure accumulator 7, 8. Examples of such fuel leak detection systems are described in EP-patent 1 150 006 .
- the injector 6 comprises a body 15 in which a valve needle 16 is arranged to control fuel injection from a fuel chamber 17 into the cylinder 12. Depending on the position of the valve needle 16 the fuel injection from the fuel chamber 17 into the cylinder 12 is either allowed or prevented.
- the injector 6 comprises an injector pressure accumulator 18 into which fuel is fed via the supply pipe 14.
- the volume of the injector pressure accumulator 18 is at least 40, typically 60 to 100 times the amount (volume) of fuel injected by the injector during one injection event at full (100 %) engine load.
- Fuel is fed from the injector pressure accumulator 18 via a connecting channel 34 into the fuel chamber 17.
- a flow fuse 19 is arranged between the injector pressure accumulator 18 and the fuel chamber 17. The flow fuse 19 prevents the fuel flow from the injector pressure accumulator 18 to the fuel chamber 17 in case of malfunction of the injector 6, for example when the valve needle 16 does not close properly.
- the injector 6 comprises a control chamber 20 into which fuel is fed via the supply pipe 14.
- the fuel pressure in the control chamber 20 acts on the valve needle 16.
- the pressure force of the fuel in the control chamber 20 urges the valve needle 16 toward the closed position.
- the movement of the valve needle 16 and thus the fuel injection into the cylinder 12 can be controlled by fuel pressure prevailing in the control chamber 20.
- a return pipe 21 for removing fuel from the control chamber 20 is connected to the injector 6.
- Return pipe 21 is arranged in or connected to a second bore 42 in the cylinder head 13.
- Fuel removed from the control chamber 20 through the return pipe 21 is used for controlling the fuel injection from the injector 6.
- a control valve 22 is arranged in the return pipe 21 for controlling the discharge of fuel from the control chamber 20.
- the control valve 22 can be a solenoid valve.
- An inlet of the control chamber is provided with a throttle by which the fuel flow into the control chamber 20 is restricted.
- the injector 6 is also provided with a spring 23 which urges the valve needle 16
- the control valve 22 is opened. Fuel flows from the control chamber 20 into return pipe 21 and the fuel pressure in the control chamber 22 decreases. Fuel flows through return pipe 21 into the fuel tank 2. Fuel pressure in the return pipe 21 is typically about 4 bars or above 4 bars. As the pressure in the control chamber 22 is low enough, force caused by the fuel pressure in the fuel chamber 17 urges the valve needle 16 toward the open position against the force of spring 23. As a result, the valve needle 16 is lifted from its seat and fuel is injected from the fuel chamber 17 into the cylinder 12. When the control valve 22 is closed, fuel pressure in the control chamber 20 increases. Consequently, the valve needle 16 returns to its closed position against the seat so that fuel injection from the fuel chamber 17 into cylinder 12 stops.
- the fuel injection system 1 is provided with a leakage channel arrangement 24 for removing so-called dirty leakage from the injectors 6. Dirty leakage is undesired fuel leakage from the injectors 6, for example leakage from the clearances between the injector parts and/or mixture of fuel and sealing oil of the injector.
- the leakage channel arrangement 24 comprises branch channels 25 connected to or in flow connection with the injectors 6. Further, the leakage channels arrangement 24 comprises collecting channel 26 connected to the branch channels 25 so that leaking fuel flow from the branch channels 25 is led to the collecting channel 26.
- the injector body 15 has a leakage outlet port through which dirty leakage can be removed from the injector 6 and introduced into the branch channel 25.
- the branch channel 25 is in flow communication with the leakage outlet port.
- Branch channel 25 is arranged in a bore in the cylinder head 13.
- the bore 35 in which the supply pipe 14 is arranged can also be utilized for the branch channel 25 so that the clearance 38, 39 between the outer surface of the supply pipe 14 and the inner surface of the bore 35 acts as the branch channel 25.
- FIG. 3 shows in more detail the connection of the supply pipe 14 to the fuel injector 6 and to the cylinder head 13.
- the supply pipe 14 comprises a first part 14a arranged between the pressure accumulator 7, 8 and the cylinder head 13 and a second part 14b arranged between the first part 14a and the injector 6.
- the first part 14a is provided with double walls.
- the second part 14b is a single wall pipe.
- the second part 14b comprises a flow space for high pressure fuel only.
- the second part 14b is arranged in a bore 35 in the cylinder head 13.
- the bore 35 comprises two chambers 38, 39.
- High pressure fuel from the pressure accumulator 7, 8 is delivered through the first part 14a of the supply pipe into the cylinder head 13 and through a second part 14b part of the supply pipe 14 further within the cylinder head 13 into the injector 6.
- a first end 36a of the second part 14b is tightly connected with the first part 14a.
- Any suitable fixing means 37 for example a sleeve with threaded connection with the pipe end 36a, may be provided for securing the tight connection between the first part 14a and the second part 14b.
- the second end 36b of the second part 14b is in direct connection with the injector 6 by means of mutual contact surfaces 37a and 6a respectively.
- the surface 6a may be cone formed and the surface 37a is preferably ball shaped for providing a reliable and tight engagement.
- the cylinder head 13 is provided with a first chamber 38 which is in communication with the leakage outlet port by means of a second chamber 39.
- the second chamber 39 has a smaller diameter than the first chamber 38.
- the arrangement includes a further fixing means 40, for instance a sleeve or the like bolt element, through which the second part 14b is led and which is engaged by threads 41 with the first chamber 38 in the cylinder head 13.
- the second part 14b is provided with an enlarged part 14c with a counter surface 37b arranged in cooperation with the surface 40a on the fixing means 40.
- These surfaces 37b and 40a can be cone formed. Alternatively, in analogy with the surface 37a the surface 37b may also be ball formed so as to better comply with possible bending of the second part 14b as discussed below.
- the second part 14b can be tightly sealed to the counter surface 40a of the fixing means 40 more close to the first end 36a of the second part.
- the enlarged part 14c need not be an integral part of the second part 14b but if desired it may also be implemented as a separate threaded connection sleeve for instance.
- the part of the second part 14b between the enlarged part 14c and the injector 6 is of substantial length especially in view of its diameter.
- the advantage of this kind of layout of the second part 14b within the second chamber 39 is the long strain length which enables retention of load despite fuel temperature operation extremes of 40°C up to 150°C with heavy fuel oil. If needed the second chamber 39 allows some bending of the second part 14b so that sufficient retention of load can be maintained under different conditions.
- this part of the second part 14b may be provided with some guidance to provide limits to a bending of this kind. In the figure this is only schematically indicated by means of a supporting element 41. Naturally such a supporting element should be designed to allow leakage through it so as to allow leakage flow through the chambers 38 and 39 as described below.
- the first chamber 38 is through the second chamber 39 in communication with the leakage outlet port.
- these chambers 38, 39 act as a branch channel 25 and are utilised for removing dirty leakage from the injector 6.
- the branch channel 25 comprises a duct 42 through which dirty leakage is removed from the cylinder head 13.
- Leakage channel arrangement 24 is provided with a leak detector 28 for detecting fuel leaks.
- the leak detector 28 is connected to the collecting channel 26 to a location through which all fuel from the branch channels 25 is arranged to flow. Because in normal operating conditions of the injectors 6 only a small amount of fuel is leaking, it is favorable that only larger flows of leaking fuel are detected. Therefore, the leak detector 28 is arranged to detect larger flows only i.e. only leaking fuel flows having a flow rate over a predetermined value. The leak detector 28 is incapable of detecting leaking fuel flows having a flow rate below said predetermined value.
- FIG. 4 shows as a cross sectional view a leak detector 28 suitable for use in the fuel injection system of fig. 1 .
- the collecting channel 26 is connected to a leakage inlet 30 of the detector 28.
- the leak detector 28 comprises a control chamber 29 in which leaking fuel enters through the leakage inlet 30.
- the bottom of the control chamber is provided with an orifice 31 through which fuel is drained from the control chamber 29.
- the orifice 31 is dimensioned so that fuel leakage occurring in normal operating conditions of the injectors 6 is completely drained from the control chamber 29.
- the control chamber 29 is provided with a fuel level detection means 32, e.g. a float or level detector, which triggers an alarm or otherwise informs when the fuel level in the control chamber 29 rises to a point indicating larger dirty fuel leakage from one or several injector(s) 6.
- a fuel level detection means 32 e.g. a float or level detector
- the leak detector 28 is arranged to detect only leaking fuel flows having a flow rate over a predetermined value. Because of larger dirty fuel leakage from the injector 6, the corresponding cylinder 12 does not operate optimally and the operating parameters of the cylinder 12 are outside the normal limits.
- the leaking injector 6 can be located by an engine control system which monitors operating parameters of the cylinders, for example cylinder pressure or exhaust gas temperature.
- control chamber 29 Upper part of the control chamber 29 is provided with a leakage outlet 33 through which excess fuel is drained. From the leak detector 28 fuel is led into the fuel tank 2. In normal operating conditions of the injectors 6 the branch and collecting channels 25, 26 of the leakage channel arrangement 24 and the control chamber 29 are pressureless (i.e. at atmospheric pressure).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to a fuel injection system for a piston engine according the preamble of claim 1.
- For improving operation of piston engines a so-called common rail fuel injection system is commonly used. In the common rail system the pressure supply and the fuel injection are functionally separated from each other. Fuel is fed by means of high pressure pump into a common pressure supply, from which it is led through separate pipes into injector of each cylinder.
- Document
WO 2005/038232 discloses a fuel injection system in which the leak flow space of the high-pressure pipe is connected via a valve to an expansion space and furthermore, the pressure in the leak flow space is measured. The valve provides the operatively necessary limitation of the volume of the flow space for pressure measurement and at the same time it acts as a discharge passage for possible over-pressure and leak fuel. A direct passage out of the engine may act as an expansion space. Another option is to use the channel for continuous leak connected to the fuel recycle system as an expansion space. - The object of the present invention is to provide an improved fuel injection system for a piston engine.
- The object of the invention is achieved by a fuel injection system according to claim 1. The fuel injection system according to the invention comprises at least one pressure accumulator for pressurized fuel and injectors connected to the pressure accumulator or pressure accumulators for injecting pressurized fuel into the cylinders. The system further comprises a leakage channel arrangement for removing fuel leaking from the injectors. The leakage channel arrangement is provided with a leak detector for detecting a fuel leak. Further, fuel injection from the injector is controlled by a fuel pressure in a control chamber of the injector and a return pipe is connected to the injector, through which return pipe fuel is removed from the control chamber.
- In the following the invention is described by way of example with reference to the attached drawings, in which
-
Figure 1 shows schematically one fuel injection system according to the invention. -
Figure 2 shows as a cross-sectional view a fuel injector that can be used in the fuel injection system offig.1 . -
Figure 3 shows as a cross-sectional view a connection of the supply pipe to the fuel injector and to the cylinder head. -
Figure 4 shows as a cross-sectional view a leaking fuel detector that can be used in the fuel injection system offig. 1 . -
Figure 1 shows schematically a common rail fuel injection system 1 of a large piston engine, for example of a large diesel engine. Large piston engine refers here to such engines that can be used for instance as main and auxiliary engines in ships or in power plants for production of heat and/or electricity. The engine can be operated by heavy fuel oil. The fuel injection system 1 comprises a fuel source, for example afuel tank 2, from which fuel is fed by means of a lowpressure fuel pump 3 through afuel pipe 4 to ahigh pressure pump 5, which in turn elevates the pressure of the fuel to a such level that a sufficient injection pressure may be obtained in theinjectors 6. - The fuel injection system 1 comprises at least one
pressure accumulator fig. 1 comprises twoseparate accumulators pipe 9. Fuel is fed from thehigh pressure pump 5 into thefirst pressure accumulator 7 from which fuel is further fed through the connectingpipe 9 into asecond pressure accumulator 8. Further, eachinjector 6 may be provided with aninjector pressure accumulator 18, into which fuel is fed from thepressure accumulator second pressure accumulator 8 is provided with acirculation valve 10 through which fuel can be circulated in the injection system 1 for heating before the start-up of the engine. Thesecond pressure accumulator 8 is also provided with a safety valve 11 for maintaining the pressure in thepressure accumulators injector pressure accumulators 18 below a predetermined maximum value. Safety valve 11 can also be used to de-pressurize thepressure accumulators injector pressure accumulators 18 when necessary. The volume of thepressure accumulators - Vacc= volume of the pressure accumulator,
- Vinj= amount (volume) of fuel injected by the injector during one injection event at full (100 %) engine load,
- Ninj= number of injectors connected to said accumulator,
- so that value S is in the range from 50 to 100.
- The fuel injection system 1 comprises
injectors 6 for injecting fuel into thecylinders 12 of the engine. The structure of thefuel injectors 6 is shown in more detail infigure 2 . Theinjectors 6 are mounted in thecylinder head 13 of the engine. Eachinjector 6 is connected via asupply pipe 14 to thepressure accumulator supply pipe 14 is arranged in abore 35 in thecylinder head 13. In the embodiment shown infig. 1 several injectors 6 are connected to eachpressure accumulator injector 6 may be connected to eachaccumulator pressure accumulators injectors 6 viasupply pipes 14. Thesupply pipes 14 are provided with double walls. The inner flow space ofsupply pipe 14 is for high pressure fuel and the outer flow space acts as a collecting channel for possibly leaking fuel. The outer flow spaces of the supply pipes are in flow connection with a fuel leak detection system which can be arranged in connection with thepressure accumulator EP-patent 1 150 006 . - The
injector 6 comprises abody 15 in which avalve needle 16 is arranged to control fuel injection from afuel chamber 17 into thecylinder 12. Depending on the position of thevalve needle 16 the fuel injection from thefuel chamber 17 into thecylinder 12 is either allowed or prevented. Theinjector 6 comprises aninjector pressure accumulator 18 into which fuel is fed via thesupply pipe 14. The volume of theinjector pressure accumulator 18 is at least 40, typically 60 to 100 times the amount (volume) of fuel injected by the injector during one injection event at full (100 %) engine load. Fuel is fed from theinjector pressure accumulator 18 via a connectingchannel 34 into thefuel chamber 17. Aflow fuse 19 is arranged between theinjector pressure accumulator 18 and thefuel chamber 17. Theflow fuse 19 prevents the fuel flow from theinjector pressure accumulator 18 to thefuel chamber 17 in case of malfunction of theinjector 6, for example when thevalve needle 16 does not close properly. - The
injector 6 comprises acontrol chamber 20 into which fuel is fed via thesupply pipe 14. The fuel pressure in thecontrol chamber 20 acts on thevalve needle 16. The pressure force of the fuel in thecontrol chamber 20 urges thevalve needle 16 toward the closed position. The movement of thevalve needle 16 and thus the fuel injection into thecylinder 12 can be controlled by fuel pressure prevailing in thecontrol chamber 20. Areturn pipe 21 for removing fuel from thecontrol chamber 20 is connected to theinjector 6.Return pipe 21 is arranged in or connected to asecond bore 42 in thecylinder head 13. Fuel removed from thecontrol chamber 20 through thereturn pipe 21 is used for controlling the fuel injection from theinjector 6. Acontrol valve 22 is arranged in thereturn pipe 21 for controlling the discharge of fuel from thecontrol chamber 20. Thecontrol valve 22 can be a solenoid valve. An inlet of the control chamber is provided with a throttle by which the fuel flow into thecontrol chamber 20 is restricted. Theinjector 6 is also provided with aspring 23 which urges thevalve needle 16 toward the closed position. - To initiate the fuel injection the
control valve 22 is opened. Fuel flows from thecontrol chamber 20 intoreturn pipe 21 and the fuel pressure in thecontrol chamber 22 decreases. Fuel flows throughreturn pipe 21 into thefuel tank 2. Fuel pressure in thereturn pipe 21 is typically about 4 bars or above 4 bars. As the pressure in thecontrol chamber 22 is low enough, force caused by the fuel pressure in thefuel chamber 17 urges thevalve needle 16 toward the open position against the force ofspring 23. As a result, thevalve needle 16 is lifted from its seat and fuel is injected from thefuel chamber 17 into thecylinder 12. When thecontrol valve 22 is closed, fuel pressure in thecontrol chamber 20 increases. Consequently, thevalve needle 16 returns to its closed position against the seat so that fuel injection from thefuel chamber 17 intocylinder 12 stops. - The fuel injection system 1 is provided with a
leakage channel arrangement 24 for removing so-called dirty leakage from theinjectors 6. Dirty leakage is undesired fuel leakage from theinjectors 6, for example leakage from the clearances between the injector parts and/or mixture of fuel and sealing oil of the injector. Theleakage channel arrangement 24 comprises branch channels 25 connected to or in flow connection with theinjectors 6. Further, theleakage channels arrangement 24 comprises collectingchannel 26 connected to the branch channels 25 so that leaking fuel flow from the branch channels 25 is led to the collectingchannel 26. Theinjector body 15 has a leakage outlet port through which dirty leakage can be removed from theinjector 6 and introduced into the branch channel 25. The branch channel 25 is in flow communication with the leakage outlet port. Branch channel 25 is arranged in a bore in thecylinder head 13. Thebore 35 in which thesupply pipe 14 is arranged can also be utilized for the branch channel 25 so that theclearance supply pipe 14 and the inner surface of thebore 35 acts as the branch channel 25. -
Figure 3 shows in more detail the connection of thesupply pipe 14 to thefuel injector 6 and to thecylinder head 13. Thesupply pipe 14 comprises afirst part 14a arranged between thepressure accumulator cylinder head 13 and asecond part 14b arranged between thefirst part 14a and theinjector 6. Thefirst part 14a is provided with double walls. Thesecond part 14b is a single wall pipe. Thus, thesecond part 14b comprises a flow space for high pressure fuel only. Thesecond part 14b is arranged in abore 35 in thecylinder head 13. Thebore 35 comprises twochambers pressure accumulator first part 14a of the supply pipe into thecylinder head 13 and through asecond part 14b part of thesupply pipe 14 further within thecylinder head 13 into theinjector 6. Afirst end 36a of thesecond part 14b is tightly connected with thefirst part 14a. Any suitable fixing means 37, for example a sleeve with threaded connection with thepipe end 36a, may be provided for securing the tight connection between thefirst part 14a and thesecond part 14b. Thesecond end 36b of thesecond part 14b is in direct connection with theinjector 6 by means of mutual contact surfaces 37a and 6a respectively. Thesurface 6a may be cone formed and thesurface 37a is preferably ball shaped for providing a reliable and tight engagement. - The
cylinder head 13 is provided with afirst chamber 38 which is in communication with the leakage outlet port by means of asecond chamber 39. Thesecond chamber 39 has a smaller diameter than thefirst chamber 38. The arrangement includes a further fixing means 40, for instance a sleeve or the like bolt element, through which thesecond part 14b is led and which is engaged bythreads 41 with thefirst chamber 38 in thecylinder head 13. Thesecond part 14b is provided with anenlarged part 14c with acounter surface 37b arranged in cooperation with thesurface 40a on the fixing means 40. Thesesurfaces surface 37a thesurface 37b may also be ball formed so as to better comply with possible bending of thesecond part 14b as discussed below. Hereby thesecond part 14b can be tightly sealed to thecounter surface 40a of the fixing means 40 more close to thefirst end 36a of the second part. Theenlarged part 14c need not be an integral part of thesecond part 14b but if desired it may also be implemented as a separate threaded connection sleeve for instance. - As can be seen from the
fig. 3 the part of thesecond part 14b between theenlarged part 14c and theinjector 6 is of substantial length especially in view of its diameter. The advantage of this kind of layout of thesecond part 14b within thesecond chamber 39 is the long strain length which enables retention of load despite fuel temperature operation extremes of 40°C up to 150°C with heavy fuel oil. If needed thesecond chamber 39 allows some bending of thesecond part 14b so that sufficient retention of load can be maintained under different conditions. On the other hand, this part of thesecond part 14b may be provided with some guidance to provide limits to a bending of this kind. In the figure this is only schematically indicated by means of a supportingelement 41. Naturally such a supporting element should be designed to allow leakage through it so as to allow leakage flow through thechambers - The
first chamber 38 is through thesecond chamber 39 in communication with the leakage outlet port. Thus, thesechambers injector 6. The branch channel 25 comprises aduct 42 through which dirty leakage is removed from thecylinder head 13. -
Leakage channel arrangement 24 is provided with aleak detector 28 for detecting fuel leaks. Theleak detector 28 is connected to the collectingchannel 26 to a location through which all fuel from the branch channels 25 is arranged to flow. Because in normal operating conditions of theinjectors 6 only a small amount of fuel is leaking, it is favorable that only larger flows of leaking fuel are detected. Therefore, theleak detector 28 is arranged to detect larger flows only i.e. only leaking fuel flows having a flow rate over a predetermined value. Theleak detector 28 is incapable of detecting leaking fuel flows having a flow rate below said predetermined value. -
Figure 4 shows as a cross sectional view aleak detector 28 suitable for use in the fuel injection system offig. 1 . The collectingchannel 26 is connected to aleakage inlet 30 of thedetector 28. Theleak detector 28 comprises acontrol chamber 29 in which leaking fuel enters through theleakage inlet 30. The bottom of the control chamber is provided with anorifice 31 through which fuel is drained from thecontrol chamber 29. Theorifice 31 is dimensioned so that fuel leakage occurring in normal operating conditions of theinjectors 6 is completely drained from thecontrol chamber 29. When larger flow of leaking fuel enters thecontrol chamber 29, all the fuel cannot be drained through theorifice 31 and as a result the fuel level in thecontrol chamber 29 rises. Thecontrol chamber 29 is provided with a fuel level detection means 32, e.g. a float or level detector, which triggers an alarm or otherwise informs when the fuel level in thecontrol chamber 29 rises to a point indicating larger dirty fuel leakage from one or several injector(s) 6. Thus, theleak detector 28 is arranged to detect only leaking fuel flows having a flow rate over a predetermined value. Because of larger dirty fuel leakage from theinjector 6, the correspondingcylinder 12 does not operate optimally and the operating parameters of thecylinder 12 are outside the normal limits. The leakinginjector 6 can be located by an engine control system which monitors operating parameters of the cylinders, for example cylinder pressure or exhaust gas temperature. Upper part of thecontrol chamber 29 is provided with aleakage outlet 33 through which excess fuel is drained. From theleak detector 28 fuel is led into thefuel tank 2. In normal operating conditions of theinjectors 6 the branch and collectingchannels 25, 26 of theleakage channel arrangement 24 and thecontrol chamber 29 are pressureless (i.e. at atmospheric pressure).
Claims (8)
- Common rail fuel injection system (1) for a piston engine with several cylinders (12), the fuel injection system (1) comprising:- at least one pressure accumulator (7, 8, 18) for pressurized fuel,- injectors (6) for injecting pressurized fuel into the cylinders (12), said injectors (6) being connected to the pressure accumulator(s) (7, 8), from which fuel is fed to the injectors (6) via supply pipes (14), which are provided with double walls, wherein an inner flow space of the supply pipe (14) is for high pressure fuel and an outer flow space acts as a collecting channel for possibly leaking fuel, and- a leakage channel arrangement (24) for removing fuel leaking from the injectors (6), which leakage channel arrangement (24) comprises branch channels (25) connected to the injectors (6) and a collecting channel (26) arranged in flow connection with the branch channels (25),
characterized in that a leak detector (28) for detecting a fuel leak is connected to the collecting channel (26), fuel injection from the injector (6) is controlled by a fuel pressure in a control chamber (20) of the injector (6), and a return pipe (21) is connected to the injector (6), through which return pipe (21) fuel is removed from the control chamber (20). - A fuel injection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the leak detector (28) is arranged to detect only leaking fuel flows having a flow rate over a predetermined value.
- A fuel injection system according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the injector (6) comprises an injector pressure accumulator (18) for fuel to be injected.
- A fuel injection system according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the injectors (6) are connected to the pressure accumulator(s) (7, 8) through supply pipes (14) that are arranged in bores (35) in a cylinder head (13) of the engine.
- A fuel injection system according to claim 6, characterized in that the clearance (38, 39) between the supply pipe (14) and the bore (35) forms part of the leakage channel arrangement (24).
- A fuel injection system according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the channels (25, 26) of the channel arrangement (24) are pressureless.
- A fuel injection system according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the leak detector (28) comprises a control chamber (29) for leaking fuel and an orifice (31) through which fuel can be removed from the control chamber (29), the orifice being dimensioned so that fuel leakage occurring in normal operating conditions of the injectors (6) can be removed from the control chamber (29).
- A fuel injection system according to claim 7, characterized in that the control chamber of the leak detector (28) is provided with a fuel level detection means (32).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI20085557A FI120886B (en) | 2008-06-05 | 2008-06-05 | Fuel injection system for piston engine |
PCT/FI2009/050448 WO2009147291A2 (en) | 2008-06-05 | 2009-05-27 | Fuel injection system for a piston engine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2297448A2 EP2297448A2 (en) | 2011-03-23 |
EP2297448B1 true EP2297448B1 (en) | 2012-01-25 |
Family
ID=39589323
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09757669A Active EP2297448B1 (en) | 2008-06-05 | 2009-05-27 | Fuel injection system for a piston engine |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2297448B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101522060B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102057154B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE542998T1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI120886B (en) |
RU (1) | RU2491443C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009147291A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3128167A1 (en) | 2015-08-03 | 2017-02-08 | AVL Autokut Engineering KFT. | Leakage detection device for a double walled fluid pipe |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20120043393A1 (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2012-02-23 | Caterpillar, Inc. | Fuel Injector with Damper Volume and Method for Controlling Pressure Overshoot |
FI124086B (en) * | 2011-02-09 | 2014-03-14 | Wärtsilä Finland Oy | Pipe coupling and fuel injection system |
FI20115126L (en) * | 2011-02-09 | 2012-08-10 | Waertsilae Finland Oy | Fuel injection system |
FI123449B (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2013-05-15 | Waertsilae Finland Oy | Arrangement and method for controlling the fuel temperature in at least one fuel injection nozzle |
FI123671B (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2013-09-13 | Waertsilae Finland Oy | Pipe coupling and fuel injection system |
US9322366B2 (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2016-04-26 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Fuel system diagnostics |
FI20126142A (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2014-05-02 | Waertsilae Finland Oy | Fuel injection system and safety valve arrangement |
FR3028296B1 (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2016-11-11 | Delphi Int Operations Luxembourg Sarl | DEVICE FOR ANTI ROTATION OF A FUEL LANCE |
US10545066B2 (en) | 2016-12-15 | 2020-01-28 | Caterpillar Inc. | Leak detection tool |
CN114174671A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2022-03-11 | 康明斯有限公司 | Modular and expandable rail fuel system architecture |
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FR2133287A5 (en) * | 1971-04-15 | 1972-11-24 | Semt | |
DE2910678C2 (en) * | 1978-03-21 | 1985-09-05 | Tatra N.P., Kopřivnice | Screw connection for pressure lines |
IT1284334B1 (en) * | 1996-01-23 | 1998-05-18 | Fiat Ricerche | FUEL CONTAINMENT AND COLLECTION STRUCTURE FOR A HIGH PRESSURE FUEL ENGINE INJECTION SYSTEM |
RU2117816C1 (en) * | 1997-02-25 | 1998-08-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Коломенский завод" | Internal combustion engine high pressure fuel line |
JPH1113567A (en) * | 1997-06-23 | 1999-01-19 | Toyota Motor Corp | Accumulator type fuel injection device |
DE19853090A1 (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2000-05-25 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection system |
JP2001003784A (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2001-01-09 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | Common rail type fuel injection device |
DE19931282C1 (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2001-01-11 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine |
DE19952513A1 (en) * | 1999-10-30 | 2001-06-07 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines with constant leakage oil pressure in the injector |
FI108070B (en) * | 2000-04-27 | 2001-11-15 | Waertsilae Tech Oy Ab | Hardware for locating a fuel leak with an internal combustion engine |
US6827065B2 (en) * | 2003-04-08 | 2004-12-07 | General Motors Corporation | Diesel injection system with dual flow fuel line |
FI119702B (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2009-02-13 | Waertsilae Finland Oy | Internal combustion engine equipment for high pressure pipe leaks |
DE102004023061A1 (en) * | 2004-05-11 | 2005-12-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injection valve`s leak testing device, has measuring device measuring amount of fuel acquired into measuring tank that is fixed at valve with its sealing surface, so that only fuel from part of injection openings is acquired into tank |
ATE413528T1 (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2008-11-15 | Fiat Ricerche | FUEL INJECTION DEVICE FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
DE102006023470A1 (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2007-11-22 | Siemens Ag | Common-rail-injection system for e.g. diesel engine, has return line for returning fuel from injector to high pressure fuel pump under return pressure, where pressure control valve adjusts return pressure |
-
2008
- 2008-06-05 FI FI20085557A patent/FI120886B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2009
- 2009-05-27 KR KR1020107025048A patent/KR101522060B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2009-05-27 EP EP09757669A patent/EP2297448B1/en active Active
- 2009-05-27 RU RU2010154641/06A patent/RU2491443C2/en active
- 2009-05-27 CN CN2009801208663A patent/CN102057154B/en active Active
- 2009-05-27 WO PCT/FI2009/050448 patent/WO2009147291A2/en active Application Filing
- 2009-05-27 AT AT09757669T patent/ATE542998T1/en active
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3128167A1 (en) | 2015-08-03 | 2017-02-08 | AVL Autokut Engineering KFT. | Leakage detection device for a double walled fluid pipe |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2010154641A (en) | 2012-07-20 |
FI120886B (en) | 2010-04-15 |
ATE542998T1 (en) | 2012-02-15 |
WO2009147291A2 (en) | 2009-12-10 |
EP2297448A2 (en) | 2011-03-23 |
CN102057154A (en) | 2011-05-11 |
KR20110010722A (en) | 2011-02-07 |
CN102057154B (en) | 2012-07-25 |
RU2491443C2 (en) | 2013-08-27 |
WO2009147291A3 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
FI20085557A (en) | 2009-12-06 |
FI20085557A0 (en) | 2008-06-05 |
KR101522060B1 (en) | 2015-05-20 |
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