Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
  • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
  • F02N11/0851—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for controlling the engagement or disengagement between engine and starter, e.g. meshing of pinion and engine gear
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
  • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
  • F02N11/087—Details of the switching means in starting circuits, e.g. relays or electronic switches
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
  • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
  • F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
  • F02N15/06—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement
  • F02N15/067—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement the starter comprising an electro-magnetically actuated lever
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
  • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
  • H01H50/541—Auxiliary contact devices
  • H01H50/543—Auxiliary switch inserting resistor during closure of contactor
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
  • H01H51/02—Non-polarised relays
  • H01H51/04—Non-polarised relays with single armature; with single set of ganged armatures
  • H01H51/06—Armature is movable between two limit positions of rest and is moved in one direction due to energisation of an electromagnet and after the electromagnet is de-energised is returned by energy stored during the movement in the first direction, e.g. by using a spring, by using a permanent magnet, by gravity
  • H01H51/065—Relays having a pair of normally open contacts rigidly fixed to a magnetic core movable along the axis of a solenoid, e.g. relays for starting automobiles
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
  • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
  • F02N11/0859—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines specially adapted to the type of the starter motor or integrated into it
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
  • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
  • F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
  • F02N15/043—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the gearing including a speed reducer
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02N2300/00—Control related aspects of engine starting
  • F02N2300/10—Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the control output, i.e. means or parameters used as a control output or target
  • F02N2300/102—Control of the starter motor speed; Control of the engine speed during cranking
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02N2300/00—Control related aspects of engine starting
  • F02N2300/10—Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the control output, i.e. means or parameters used as a control output or target
  • F02N2300/104—Control of the starter motor torque

Definitions

• the invention relates in particular to a starting device for an internal combustion engine, especially a motor vehicle, comprising: a launcher arranged to start the internal combustion engine, in particular by means of a ring gear,
• a contactor having a longitudinal axis and having first and second electrical contact elements arranged to control the power supply of the electric motor for it to operate successively in a first phase of pre-rotation and a second phase of full power , each of the first and second contact elements being in particular movable along the longitudinal axis between an open state and a closed state.
• the invention also relates to a rotating electrical machine, including a starter or a reversible alternator of a motor vehicle, comprising such a device.
• FIG. 1 which is an axial sectional view, shows a starting device 1 for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle mounted in a starter of the type described in WO 03/006824 to which reference will be made for more details.
• This device 1 comprises an electric motor M having, on the one hand, a rotor 2, also called an armature, rotatable about an axis X-X, and on the other hand, a stator 3, also called inductor, around the rotor 2.
• This stator 3 comprises a metal yoke 31 on which are fixed in one embodiment several permanent magnets for forming an inductor.
• this yoke carries a core 4, such as a sheet metal package provided with notches for setting up an inductor winding 5.
• the rotor 2 comprises a rotor body 7, here in the form of a sheet-metal pack with notches, and an armature winding 8 wound in the notches of the rotor body 7.
• This armature winding 8 forms, on either side of the rotor body 7, a front bun and a rear bun.
• the rotor body 7 is carried by an armature shaft not referenced in Figure 1.
• the axis of this shaft coincides with the axis X-X.
• the rotor 2 is provided, at the rear, with a collector 12 with a plastic body carrying in known manner a plurality of contact pieces, here electrically conductive blades, electrically connected to the conductive elements, formed in the example considered by son alternatively by pins, the armature coil 8.
• the collector 12 is carried by the armature shaft of the electric motor and is in this embodiment of the front type. In a variant, the collector is of the radial type as can be seen in JP 04 094 459 and also in the aforementioned WO 03/006824 and WO 02/5081.
• At least one group of brushes is provided for the power supply of the armature winding 8, one of the brushes being connected to the ground of the device 1, and another of the brushes 13 being connected via a cable 13 'to a terminal 29' contactor 17.
• the brushes are for example four in number, as in WO 02/50981, or more than four.
• the starting device 1 further comprises a launcher 19 slidably mounted via complementary helically shaped grooves, on a drive shaft 18 driven in rotation about the axis XX by the rotor 2 when the motor M is electrically powered via the aforementioned brushes.
• the shaft 18, which constitutes the output shaft of the starting device 1 coincides with the armature shaft of the electric motor M.
• a speed reduction assembly 9 is interposed between the armature shaft of the rotor 2 and the drive shaft 18, in a manner known per se.
• the launcher 19 comprises a gear 21 intended to engage on a drive member 33 of the combustion engine, that is to say to come into engagement with the drive member 33.
• This drive member is for example a toothed start crown 33 secured to a plate rigidly connected or via a torsion damper to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine of the vehicle.
• the launcher 19 further comprises a driver 22 and a free wheel 10, here with rollers, interposed between a rear extension of the pinion 21 and a front extension of the driver 22 secured to the outer periphery of a radial flange that includes the coach 22 carrying a washer 23 in the back.
• This washer 23 defines with the radial flange of the driver 22 a groove 24 to receive the end 25 of fingers of a fork 27.
• This fork 27 is made for example by molding a plastic material.
• the fork 27 is shaped to be actuated by the switch 17 to move the launcher 19 relative to the drive shaft 18, along the X-X axis, between a first working position in which the launcher 19 drives the motor. internal combustion of the motor vehicle through the pinion 21 meshing with the ring gear 33, and a second rest position in which the launcher 19 is disengaged from the ring gear 33.
• the contactor 17 comprises a terminal 29 connected, via an electrical connection element, in particular a cable 130, and a switch 45, to a power supply of the vehicle, in particular to the positive terminal of a battery 26 of the vehicle. More specifically, the contactor 17 is in this embodiment an electromagnetic contactor implanted above the electric motor M.
• the metal yoke 31 of the electric motor M is interposed between a metal front bearing 14, for example made of aluminum, and a metal rear bearing supporting the rear end of the armature shaft of the electric motor M.
• the yoke 31 and the bearings front and rear belong to a housing to be fixed, here through the front bearing 14 on a fixed metal part of the motor vehicle. This casing is therefore connected to the mass of the motor vehicle.
• the front bearing 14 is notched for the passage of the crown C and carries the front end of the shaft 18.
• the contactor has a tank of ferromagnetic material (not referenced) closed at the front by a cover of electrically insulating material, here in plastic material. This hood carries electrically insulated terminals 29, 29 '
• the tank of the contactor comprises a transverse bottom intended to be fixed on the front bearing 14 with screws.
• the gear 9 comprises a base plate 90 interposed at its outer periphery between the bottom of the contactor tank and the front bearing 14 and at its inner periphery between the yoke 31 and the front bearing 14. Screws (not referenced) are used to fix the bottom of the tank of the contactor 17 to the front bearing 14 and the cylinder head with intercalation of the base plate 90 sandwiched.
• This plate 90 carries an intermediate hinge support for the fork 27, made for example by molding a plastic material, comprising at its inner periphery 25 two fingers engaged in the groove 24 and at its outer periphery a hinge, here provided with an axis, for its connection with the end of a rod 62 mounted inside a movable core 65 that includes the switch 17.
• the base plate 90 and the bottom of the contactor tank are perforated for the passage of the movable core 65.
• a spring 64 said spring tooth against tooth, is housed in a blind hole of the movable core 65 and is mounted around the rod 62 also mounted in the blind hole of the movable core 65.
• the rod is provided with an unreferenced head.
• the contactor 17 also comprises a stationary core 72, of annular shape, made of ferromagnetic material.
• the fixed core 72 is shouldered and has a cylindrical centering surface delimited by the shoulder for mounting a guide sleeve 2d. This sleeve 2d is thus centered at the rear by the fixed core 72 and at the front by the central opening of the bottom of the tank of the contactor 17.
• the movable core 65 of cylindrical shape, is in intimate contact at its outer periphery with the inner periphery of the sleeve 2d.
• This sleeve 2d is, on the one hand, at its front end in intimate contact at its outer periphery with the outer periphery of the central opening of the bottom of the contactor tank and on the other hand at its rear end in intimate contact with its inner periphery with the outer periphery of the centering surface, here cylindrical, of the fixed core 72 of annular shape.
• the sleeve 2d is interposed axially between the bottom of the contactor tank and the fixed contact 72.
• This sleeve 2d carries at its outer periphery an annular support 2c, here made of plastic, shaped to form a receiving groove of at least one coil 2a surrounded by the tank of the contactor 17 and intended to be connected to the terminal 29 and to the ground to generate a magnetic field.
• the switch 45 controlled for example by the ignition key is closed, the coil coil 2a is electrically energized so that a magnetic field is generated and the movable core moves axially towards the fixed core 72.
• the head of the rod 62 comes into contact with a pusher 68 guided by a central bore, unreferenced, that has the fixed core 62.
• This pusher 68 here plastic, axially sliding door a movable contact, not referenced, in the form of a rectangular metal plate.
• the movable contact comes into contact with the heads of the terminals 29, 29 'forming fixed contacts so that the electric motor is electrically powered notably via the cable 13' and the aforementioned brooms.
• the movable core continues its axial stroke which ends after a third axial stroke by abutting the movable core 65 with the fixed contact 72 having for this purpose a frustoconical central portion comprising the central bore for the pusher 68.
• This part central is delimited at its outer periphery by the centering surface for the sleeve 2d and the coil holder 2c.
• the rear part of the movable core has a chamfer of complementary shape to that of the frustoconical central portion of the fixed core 72.
• the pusher 68 also called control rod, is supported for mounting a spring (not referenced ), said contact pressure spring, implanted axially between the movable contact and said shoulder to allow during the third stroke, an axial displacement of the pusher 68 relative to the movable contact when it is in contact with the terminal heads 29 , 29 '.
• This pressure spring is mounted around the pusher 68. It is the same for a second return spring implanted between the movable contact and the bottom of the cover of the contactor. This spring is less stiff than the contact pressure spring and exerts a force that recalls the moving contact in the direction of the fixed contact when the power supply of the coil or coils 2a is cut off.
• the tooth against tooth spring 64 allows axial displacement of the movable core 68 when the pinion 21 abuts against the ring gear 33 without meshing therewith.
• the pusher 68 forms a moving element with the movable contact 3 in the form of a plate.
• Patent FR 2 174 421 also discloses an electromagnetic contactor for a motor vehicle electric starter.
• This contactor comprises a mobile unit composed of a plunger core on which is fixed a rod carrying at one of its ends a sliding mounted contact plate.
• This plate is initially supported, in particular by the action of springs, on contacts of an electrical circuit comprising a winding resistor so that, in a first startup phase, the starter rotates at a low speed. In a second start-up phase, this same contact plate closes an electrical circuit allowing the starter to deliver its maximum torque.
• Patent FR 2 827 341 describes an electromagnetic contactor with a power resistor to allow pre-rotation of the launcher.
• the patent application FR 2 881 479 describes a control device of a starter with an electric motor. This comprises an inductor winding with four windings forming two groups in parallel each of two windings in series.
• a deferred electromagnetic switch is provided to allow, in a first phase, the activation of only one of the groups of windings and, in a second phase, the activation of the two groups of windings.
• a starting device for a combustion engine in particular a motor vehicle, comprising:
• a launcher arranged to start the combustion engine, in particular by means of a ring gear, an electric motor arranged to drive the launcher in rotation;
• a contactor having a longitudinal axis and having first and second electrical contact elements arranged to control the power supply of the electric motor for it to operate successively in a first phase of pre-rotation and a second phase of full power , each of the first and second contact elements being in particular movable along the longitudinal axis between an open state and a closed state.
• the invention aims in particular to solve the aforementioned drawback in a simple manner.
• the invention thus relates to a starting device for a combustion engine, especially a motor vehicle, comprising:
• a launcher arranged to start the combustion engine, in particular by means of a ring gear, an electric motor arranged to drive the launcher in rotation;
• a contactor having a longitudinal axis and having first and second electrical contact elements arranged to control the power supply of the electric motor for it to operate successively in a first phase of pre-rotation and a second phase of full power each of the first and second contact elements being in particular movable along the longitudinal axis between an open state and a closed state,
• the first contact element is carried, in particular with a possibility of sliding, by a movable support and in that the second contact element is guided in displacement in this support of the first contact element.
• the first and second electrical contact elements can be easily arranged, if desired, in a single housing, which avoids having two contactor housings as described in particular in the patent application.
• contactor is not substantially modified and that the maximum number of parts of a conventional electromagnetic contactor is retained.
• the first and second electrical contact elements may, if desired, be controlled as a function of displacements of elements of the device, independently of predetermined time constants.
• the torque developed by the electric motor is lower than that developed in the second phase of full speed.
• the electric motor can already be at least partially supplied with an electric current for a contact winding of the contactor. This can, if necessary, result in a small rotation of the electric motor.
• the contactor is advantageously arranged in such a way that, in the first pre-rotation phase, the first electrical contact element is in the closed state and the second electrical contact element is in the open state, and in the second phase at full speed, the first and second contact elements are in a closed state.
• the contactor comprises a movable assembly arranged to move the launcher by means of a pivoting fork, the moving assembly comprising an actuating element arranged to cause the closing of the second electrical contact element.
• the contactor according to the invention can thus have a small footprint.
• the moving assembly of the contactor may comprise a movable core, the actuating element being movably mounted relative to this movable core against the force exerted by an element of elastic return, in particular a spring.
• the second electrical contact element may be integral, in particular with the possibility of sliding, of a control rod and the actuating element of the moving assembly may be arranged to be applied against the control rod so as to being able to push the latter to cause the passage of the second electrical contact element from the open state to the closed state.
• the contactor comprises a fixed core, and an elastic return element, in particular a spring, is interposed between the second contact element and the movable support of the first electrical contact element so as to to allow, at least when the first contact element is activated and before the activation of the second contact element, to apply the second electrical contact element against the fixed core of the contactor.
• an elastic return element in particular a spring
• the device comprises a first electrical terminal connected to an energy storage source, in particular a battery, a second intermediate power terminal and a third full power terminal.
• an energy storage source in particular a battery
• a second intermediate power terminal in particular a battery
• a third full power terminal in particular a battery
• the first contact element comes into contact with the first electrical terminal and the second terminal intermediate power and in the second phase of full speed, the second electrical contact element comes into contact with the first and third electrical terminals.
• the first terminal connected to a source of energy storage can be staggered so as to allow the first and second contact elements to simultaneously bear on this first terminal, in particular at different heights of said terminal.
• the device comprises a stator, or inductor, comprising an inductor winding, said inductor coil comprising at least first and second windings, and the contactor can be arranged to control, in the first pre-rotation phase, a power supply only of the first winding of the inductor winding, and in the second phase of full speed, a power supply of both the first and second windings of the inductor winding.
• the device comprises at least one power resistor arranged in such a way that, in the first pre-rotation phase, the induction coil is electrically powered through the power resistor, in particular so as to limit the current peak in the electric motor and, in the second phase of full speed, the inductor coil is electrically powered by short-circuiting the power resistance.
• the contactor is arranged so that the second electrical contact element is in the open state as long as the launcher is in the tooth against tooth position on the drive ring of the combustion engine.
• the invention makes it possible in particular to reduce the torque peak as long as the launcher is in the tooth against tooth position on the ring gear, and thus to eliminate the risk of milling.
• the invention may also make it possible to eliminate re-openings by return of the movable core which may appear in the case of a tooth against tooth position at the time of the conjunction (in which case a voltage drop due to the peak current of the motor electrical and a short circuit of a contact winding of this contactor can induce insufficient strength to allow the movable core to come to magnetic bonding).
• the peak current is limited in the electric motor, which reduces the electrical wear of brushes present in the electric motor.
• the limitation of the torque peak makes it possible to reduce the mechanical wear of the pinion against the ring gear.
• At least one of the first and second electrical contact elements may comprise an electrically conductive wafer.
• the device comprises: a stator, or else called an inductor, comprising an inductor winding, said inductor winding comprising at least first, second and third windings all electrically connected in parallel,
• the contactor being arranged to control, in the first phase of pre-rotation, a power supply only of the first winding of the inductor winding, and in the second phase of full regime succeeding the first phase, a power supply of the first, second and third windings of the inductor winding.
• the inductor comprises a winding with four windings in parallel, corresponding to four inductor channels, which allows cutting current peaks and torque significantly.
• the invention also relates to a rotating electrical machine, including a starter or a reversible alternator of a motor vehicle, comprising a device as described above.
• the invention also relates to a method for starting a combustion engine, particularly a motor vehicle, with the aid of a starting device provided with an electric motor whose power supply is controlled by first and second elements of electrical contact, the starting device further comprising a launcher adapted to engage a ring gear integral with the combustion engine, the method comprising the following steps:
• the invention also relates to a starting device for a combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle, comprising:
• stator or inductor, comprising an inductor winding, said induction coil comprising at least first, second and third windings all electrically connected in parallel,
• a rotor associated with said stator and having a longitudinal axis
• a contactor arranged to control, in a first pre-rotation phase, a power supply only of the first winding of the inductor winding, and in a second full-power phase following the first phase, an electrical supply of the first, second and third windings of the inductor winding.
• the control of the windings of the inductor winding can, if desired, be provided by switches, including electronic switches of the contactor. These switches comprise for example at least one transistor or thyristor.
• control of the windings of the inductor winding can be ensured by the displacement of moving elements of the contactor.
• the pre-rotation phase only part of the windings of the inductor winding is energized, for example the half or a quarter of the inductor coil, while in the second phase of full speed, all the windings of the inductor winding are fed.
• the inductor winding may comprise four windings forming two groups in parallel each of two series windings.
• the invention also relates to a starting device for a combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle, comprising:
• stator or inductor, comprising an inductor winding, said inductor winding comprising a plurality of windings, in particular all electrically connected in parallel,
• a rotor associated with said stator and having a longitudinal axis
• a contactor arranged to control, in a first pre-rotation phase, a power supply only of a part of the windings of the inductor winding, and in a second phase of full power following the first phase, an electrical supply of all the windings. of the inductive winding, the number of windings activated in the second phase being strictly greater or smaller than twice the number of windings activated in the first phase. For example, it is possible to activate a single winding in the first phase and six windings in the second.
• the invention also relates to a starting device for a combustion engine, especially a motor vehicle, comprising:
• stator or inductor, comprising an inductor winding, said inductor winding comprising more than four windings, in particular all electrically connected in parallel,
• a rotor associated with said stator and having a longitudinal axis; a launcher which can be rotated by the rotor; a contactor arranged to control, in a first pre-rotation phase, a power supply only of a part of the windings of the inductor winding, and in a second phase of full power following the first phase, an electrical supply of all the windings. of the inductive winding, the number of windings activated in the second phase being equal to twice the number of windings activated in the first phase.
• FIG. 1 represents, in axial section, a starting device according to the prior art
• FIGS. 2 to 4 show, schematically and partially, three examples of an electric motor inductor winding of a starting device of the type of that of FIG. 1;
• FIG. 5 schematically illustrates the evolution of the torque and current in FIG. function of the time during operation of the electric motor of FIG. 3,
• FIG. 6 represents, schematically and partially, an electric starter motor according to another example of implementation of the invention
• FIGS. 7 to 13 illustrate, schematically and partially, various stages of operation of FIG. an electric motor contactor according to an exemplary implementation of the invention
• - Figures 14 and 15 are front views respectively showing the rear face of the movable contact facing away from the movable core of the contactor and the front face of the movable contact facing the movable core of the contactor
• - Figure 16 is a view of the face of the rear face of the movable contact equipped with the support carrying the two electrical contact elements that comprises the contactor according to the invention without the third return spring;
• Figure 17 is a perspective view corresponding to Figure 16 with only the first contact element and its return springs and maintaining contact pressure;
• Figure 18 is a perspective view corresponding to Figure 14;
• Figure 19 is a perspective view similar to Figure 17 with the two contact elements.
• the inductor coil 5 comprises four windings 40 to 43 forming two groups in parallel each of two windings 40, 41 and 42, 43 in series.
• the switch 17 comprises two switches 45 and 46.
• the first switch 45 is connected in series with the two groups of windings 40, 41 and 42, 43, and the second switch 46 is connected in series with the windings 40, 41 and in parallel with the windings 42, 43.
• the contactor 17 is arranged so that, in a pre-rotation phase, the switch 45 is closed and the switch 46 is opened in order to allow the electric supply by the battery 26 only of the windings 42, 43.
• the invention makes it possible to reduce the torque peak as long as the launcher 19 is in the tooth against tooth position on the ring gear 33, and thus to eliminate the risk of milling, as explained below.
• the switch 17 controls the power supply of all the windings.
• the windings 40 to 43 are arranged all in parallel forming four parallel paths.
• the switch 46 is arranged in series with the group of three windings 41 to 42 in parallel.
• the parallel four-way inductor winding 5 serves to reduce, in addition to the peak torque, also the current peak, as illustrated schematically in FIG. 5.
• the peak current can be divided by a factor of between 1 and 3, in particular by a factor of about 2.
• the switch 17 comprises switches 45 and 46 of the electromechanical or mechanical type.
• the switches 45 and 46 may be of electronic type, as illustrated in FIG. 4.
• the switches 45 and 46 comprise transistors or thyristors, controlled by an electronic control module 47, for example a processor or a microcontroller.
• the pre-rotation phase is controlled by a time-shifted operation of different windings of the inductor winding 5.
• the induction coil 5 comprises a single winding supplied by the battery 26 via switches 45 and 46.
• the inductor winding 5 is put in series with a power resistor 50.
• the switch 45 is placed between the positive terminal 29 of the contactor 17 connected to the battery 26 and an intermediate power terminal 51 connected, in this case, to the power resistance 50.
• the terminal 51 is connected to the channels that are activated in the first pre-rotation.
• the switch 46 is placed, in parallel with the switch 45, between the terminal 29 connected to the battery 26 and a full power terminal 52 to be able, in this case, to bypass the power resistance 50.
• the power resistor 50 is arranged between the intermediate power terminals 51 and full speed 52.
• the switch 45 is closed and the 46 is open for supplying the inductor coil 5 through the power resistance 50 so as to reduce the peak torque.
• the two switches 45 and 46 are closed and the power resistor 50 is short-circuited, which allows to supply the inductor coil 5 at full power.
• FIGS. 7 to 13 A description of a contactor 17 in accordance with the invention, which may be associated for example with the induction coil 5 of the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 2, 3 or 6, will now be described in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 7 to 13.
• the tank and the cover of the contactor 17 as well as the guide sleeve of the mobile core 65 and the coil or coils and the support of the coil or coils have not been shown.
• the starter housing is not shown. The shape of this case depends on the applications.
• the switch 17 comprises a movable core 65 and a fixed core 72 as in FIG. 1.
• the terminal 29 is retained.
• the contactor 17 comprises first and second electrical contact elements 58 and 59, here in the form of rectangular metal plates, intended to define respectively the first and second switches 45 and 46.
• the switch 17 further comprises a moving assembly 60, which as in FIG. 1 is arranged to move the launcher 19 via the pivoting fork 27, the moving assembly 60 comprising an actuating element 61 arranged to cause the closing the second electrical contact element
• the actuating element 61 is provided with a rod 62 fixed at one end to the fork 27 and having at its opposite end a head 63.
• the moving assembly 60 of the contactor 17 comprises a movable core 65, the actuating element 61 being mounted therein, movable with respect to this movable core 65 against the force exerted by a spring 64 with turns.
• This spring 64 corresponds to the tooth against tooth spring of FIG.
• This spring 64 is mounted, as in Figure 1, around the rod 62 of the actuating element 61 and is applied at one end against the head 63 thereof.
• the mobile core 65 is movable in the contactor 17 by the action of a magnetic field generated by a coil, here not shown and visible in 2a in Figure 1, the switch 17.
• This coil may comprise, if desired, a winding and a holding winding as in US 4,418,289 or alternatively a single winding. Note that the structure of the movable assembly 60 is retained, the moving assembly 60 differentiating from that of Figure 1 by the upper end of the fork 27 and the fact that the bottom of the blind hole of the movable core 65 consists of a washer. It all depends on the applications. In a variant, the assembly 60 is identical to that of FIG.
• the second electrical contact element 59 is integral with a sliding possibility, a control rod 68, for example a plastic material, and the actuating element 61 of the mobile assembly 60 is arranged to be applied against the control rod 68 so as to push it to cause the passage of the second electrical contact element 59 from the open state to the closed state.
• control rod 68 corresponds generally to the pusher of FIG. 1 and that the second electrical contact element 59 is in an embodiment identical to that of FIG. 1.
• This second contact element 59 here consists of a plate rectangular shape.
• the first contact element 58 is here of the same type as the second movable contact element and here consists of a metal plate of rectangular shape oriented at 90 ° with respect to the second contact 59 as visible in particular in Figures 7 to 13.
• the size of the element 58 is different from the size of the element 59.
• the elements 58 and 59 are of identical size.
• the elements 58 and 59 are identical for better standardization.
• the first contact element 58 is carried, with a sliding possibility, by a mobile support 70 and the second contact element 59 is guided in displacement in this support 70 of the first contact element 58 .
• This arrangement makes it possible not to profoundly modify the contactor 17 and to keep the maximum number of parts of a standard contactor. The solution according to the invention is therefore economical.
• this structure is duplicated at the level of the first contact element.
• the spring 79 is a second contact pressure spring and the spring 78 a third return spring.
• the stiffness of the contact pressure springs is greater than that of the corresponding return springs.
• the support 70 comprises two guide branches 170 extending on either side of the second contact element 59, which as in the embodiment of Figure 1 abuts against the fixed core in the rest position of the contactor.
• the contactor 17 comprises, as in FIG. 1 in the aforementioned manner, a fixed core 72, and a coil spring 73, also called a crushing spring, is interposed between the second contact element 59 and the mobile support 70 of the first contact element.
• electrical device 58 so as to enable, at least when the first contact element is activated and before the activation of the second contact element, to apply the second electrical contact element 59 against the fixed core 72 of the contactor 17.
• a second coil spring 74 is provided between the second contact element 59 and a shoulder 75 of the control element 68 to maintain, if appropriate, the second contact element 59 in the closed state.
• the springs 73 and 74 are respectively the second return spring and the first contact pressure spring.
• the stiffness of the springs 73, 74, 78, 79 depends on the applications.
• the stiffness of the return springs 73 and 78 may be equal or different. It is the same with that of the contact pressure springs 74, 79.
• the springs 73, 78 are identical, as are the springs 74, 79.
• the second return spring 73 has a stiffness lower than that of the third return spring 78 and of course the contact pressure springs 74, 79.
• coil springs are also called coil spring.
• the number of fixed contacts is also duplicated.
• each element 58, 59 is associated two fixed contacts.
• the first contact element 58 is applied against the terminal heads 29 and 51 forming fixed contacts.
• the second contact element 59 is applied against an electrical contact face 81 constituting a fixed contact, connected to the terminal 29, and against the head of a terminal 52 constituting another fixed contact.
• the heads of the terminals 29, 51 are offset axially and circumferentially at 90 ° with respect to the head of the terminal 52 and to the face 81 as visible in FIGS. 9 to 13.
• the switch 17 is arranged such that the second electrical contact element 59 is in the open state as long as the launcher 19 is in the tooth against tooth position on the drive ring gear 33 of the combustion engine.
• the terminal 29 connected to the battery 26 is staggered so as to allow the first and second contact elements 58 and 59 to bear simultaneously on this terminal 29.
• the terminal 29 has a structure staggered by the presence of a lug 80 offering an electrical contact face 81 (see in particular FIG. 8) at the same height as the full power terminal 52.
• the terminals 29, 51, 52 and the lug 80 face 81 are carried by the cover, here not visible, the contactor.
• This plastic cover of the type of that of Figure 1 is shaped accordingly. It is easily obtained by molding, the contactor tank being able to be preserved in the aforementioned manner.
• the stepped structure can be obtained by machining terminal 29.
• the first and second electrical contact elements 58 and 59 each comprise an electrically conductive wafer.
• the winding of the coil of the contactor 17 is short-circuited once the first and second contact elements 58 and 59 are in the closed state, in particular to ensure the failure to reopen the mobile nucleus 65.
• the contact elements 58 and 59 are in the open state, corresponding to the open state of the switches 45 and 46.
• the moving assembly 60 moves back slightly toward the fixed core 72 under the effect of the magnetic field exerted by the coil or coils of the contactor.
• the lower finger-shaped end 25 of the fork 27 is pressed against the radial flange of the driver 22.
• the pinion 21 of the launcher 19 bears against tooth against tooth on the ring gear 33.
• the movable core 65 moves back against the support 70 of the first electrical contact element 58, which support 70 is moved backwards. This rearward movement causes the closing of the first contact element 58 which bears on the heads of the terminals 29 and 51.
• the terminal 51 is in an embodiment identical to the terminal 29 'of FIG.
• the second contact element 59 remains pressed against the fixed core 72 thanks to the action of the return spring 73.
• the support 70 advantageously made of plastic, comprises two arms 170 passing through the fixed core 72 as can be seen in FIGS. at 13.
• the fixed core 72 comprises, as in FIG. 1, a frustoconical central portion 173 provided with a bore (not referenced) for guiding the pusher 68.
• a shoulder 174 of transverse orientation relative to the axis of axial symmetry YY of the switch 17, connects the central portion 173 to the cylindrical bearing surface 172 of the sleeve referenced at 2d in Figure 1.
• the scope 172 is axially oriented by relative to the axis YY and extends axially between the shoulder 174 and the outer peripheral shoulder 175 oriented transverse to the axis YY.
• This shoulder 175 serves as aforesaid axial wedging support 2b of the coil 2a of Figure 1.
• the arms 170 pass axially through the fixed core 72 in favor of a passage made in the strip of material delimited by the shoulder 174 and the centering surface 172.
• the arms 170 are therefore intended to penetrate the inside the sleeve 2d of FIG.
• the fixed core 72 differs from that of Figure 1 at these openings.
• the movable core 65 cooperates in FIG. 10 with the free end of these arms 170 to axially move the support 70.
• this core 72 has a housing 176 for mounting the extra thickness of the pusher 68 defining a shoulder a shoulder for the spring 74.
• This housing 176 also serves for the housing of the spring 74 surrounding the pusher 68.
• the pinion 21 of the launcher 19 remains in the tooth against tooth position with the ring gear 33.
• the support 70 continues to move back, ie to move axially, with respect to the fixed core 72.
• the mobile core 65 moves back and comes into contact with the fixed core 72.
• the second contact element 59 remains pressed against the fixed core 72.
• the pinion 21 of the launcher 19 engages in the ring gear 33 and the actuating element 61 moves back relative to the movable core 65.
• the actuating element 61 pushes the control element 68 of the second contact element 59, which comes into contact with the terminal 52 and the terminal 80 of the terminal 29.
• the switch 46 is then closed.
• the actuating element 61 and the control rod 68 move back to an end position.
• the spring 73 is further compressed.
• Figures 7 to 19 show that the support 70 has a U-shape with two branches 170, diametrically opposed, and a bottom 180.
• On either side of this bottom 180 has ( Figure 7) a first cylindrical boss 181 extending between the legs 170 for mounting and centering the spring 73 and a second boss 182 diameter stage for mounting and centering of the springs 79 and 78 ( Figure 7).
• the shoulder formed by means of the diameter change of this second boss 182 serves, as best seen in FIGS. 16, 17, 19, with the axial wedging in one direction of a washer 190 held in place by a pin 191 traversing the free end of the boss 182.
• the washer 190 limits the axial displacement of the contact element 58 to not compress the spring 78.
• This element 58 in this embodiment, is identical to the second element 59 as best seen in Figures 16 and 19. These two elements are offset circumferentially 90 °, that is to say perpendicular to each other.
• the spring 79 and the element 58 are thus implanted between the bottom 180 and the washer 190. An axial movement of the boss 182 with respect to the element 58 is possible and this against the force exerted by the spring 79 when the element 58 bears against the heads of terminals 29, 51.
• This washer is immobilized by a pin passing through the free end of the pusher 68.
• FIGS. 14, 15, 18 show at 200 the openings made in the fixed core 72 for the passage of the arms 170 of the support 70 made of plastics material.
• notches 270 serve to pass the ends of the or the coils and the ends of the assemblies of the windings 40 to 43 implanted radially above the coil or reels in favor of the free space between the coil or the coil and the contactor tank as shown in Figure 1.
• the support 70 may have a cylindrical shape of revolution, coaxial with the control rod 68 which can slide inside this cylinder.
• the rod 68 is hollow and the support 70 can be arranged to engage in this rod 68.
• the tank of the contactor 17 may be in one part as in Figure 1 or in several parts as described in WO 2004/088126.
• These indentations 370 are cavities in which engage the notches of the casing of the tank as described in this document WO 2004/088126.
• the starting device 1 can be mounted in an outgoing sprocket starter as described in the document JP 04 094 459 mentioned above.
• the switch 17 is alternatively deported by being implanted at the rear of the starter as described in the document FR 2 843 427 with a return rod inserted between a first lever of the fork type 27 and a second lever associated with the movable core of the contactor.
• the freewheel of the launcher is alternatively conical clutch type as in WO 03/006824 ( Figures 25 to 28).
• starter housing is of the type described in WO 03/006824.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

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• 2008
  • 2008-04-15 FR FR0852528A patent/FR2930001B1/fr active Active
• 2009
  • 2009-04-15 RU RU2010146186/06A patent/RU2010146186A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2009-04-15 BR BRPI0910321A patent/BRPI0910321A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2009-04-15 WO PCT/FR2009/050699 patent/WO2009138624A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2009-04-15 CN CN2009801134481A patent/CN102007289B/zh active Active
  • 2009-04-15 EP EP09745943.2A patent/EP2288805B1/de active Active

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