EP2283238B1 - Method for monitoring the status of an energy reserve accumulator, particularly for an aircraft - Google Patents

Method for monitoring the status of an energy reserve accumulator, particularly for an aircraft Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2283238B1
EP2283238B1 EP09738332.7A EP09738332A EP2283238B1 EP 2283238 B1 EP2283238 B1 EP 2283238B1 EP 09738332 A EP09738332 A EP 09738332A EP 2283238 B1 EP2283238 B1 EP 2283238B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
accumulator
predetermined pressure
fluid system
fluid
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EP09738332.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2283238A2 (en
Inventor
Patrick Boissonneau
Stéphan MONTILLAUD
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Airbus Operations SAS
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Airbus Operations SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B1/00—Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
    • F15B1/02—Installations or systems with accumulators
    • F15B1/022—Installations or systems with accumulators used as an emergency power source, e.g. in case of pump failure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B19/00—Testing; Calibrating; Fault detection or monitoring; Simulation or modelling of fluid-pressure systems or apparatus not otherwise provided for
    • F15B19/005—Fault detection or monitoring

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for monitoring the state of an energy reserve accumulator connected to a fluid system.
  • the planes are generally equipped with several hydraulic circuits, allowing the actuation of all servitudes of the aircraft.
  • each device controlled by a hydraulic circuit is mounted on both a main hydraulic circuit and an auxiliary hydraulic circuit, independent and autonomous, for security reasons.
  • This energy reserve accumulator is placed on the high pressure hydraulic line of the fluid system, between a hydraulic power generator and the controlled elements, remote from this power generator.
  • Such an accumulator makes it possible to absorb the overpressures generated in the hydraulic circuit by the operation of the various elements controlled and thus to prevent the structure and equipment of the aircraft from being damaged during sudden pressure variation in the pipes.
  • the document FR 2,888,898 proposes a method for checking the state of pressurization of an energy accumulator.
  • this control method comprises, after pressurizing the fluid system at an operating pressure, to measure the time interval required for the fluid system to change from a first predetermined pressure to a second predetermined pressure and to a second predetermined pressure. compare this time interval to a predetermined reference duration.
  • This reference time is determined by implementing the control method on a reference accumulator.
  • the time taken by the system to go from a first predetermined pressure to a second predetermined pressure can be significant because of the configuration. of the hydraulic system itself, and thus not be directly representative of the operating state of the energy accumulator.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the aforementioned drawbacks and to propose a method for controlling the state of an energy-efficient accumulator, making it possible to check the operation of an energy accumulator independently of the configuration of the system. hydraulic system on which is mounted this energy accumulator.
  • the difference between the first predetermined pressure and the second predetermined pressure is substantially equal to the difference between the third predetermined pressure and the fourth predetermined pressure.
  • the second predetermined pressure is greater than the precharge pressure of the accumulator at a temperature substantially equal to 60 ° C.
  • the third predetermined pressure is less than the precharge pressure of the accumulator at a temperature substantially equal to -40 ° C.
  • the predetermined pressures used to control the operating state of the energy accumulator take into account the pressure of precharging the accumulator, the accumulator being able to supply energy to the fluid system as long as the pressure of the fluid system is greater than the precharge pressure.
  • This control device has characteristics and advantages similar to those described above with reference to the method of controlling the operating state of a storage battery with energy reserve.
  • an aircraft comprising at least one energy storage battery connected to a high pressure line of a fluid system, comprising means adapted to implement the method according to the invention, may also be considered.
  • the figure 1 shows a device for controlling the state of an energy reserve battery according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the energy reserve accumulator is connected to the fluid system.
  • each fluid system comprises its own fluid reservoir 2 connected to a closed fluid distribution circuit 3, which comprises an HP high pressure line and a low pressure BP line for the return of the low pressure fluid to the reservoir 2.
  • the fluid used is an incompressible liquid for an airplane but any other liquid or air can be implemented for applications other than aeronautics (land or naval).
  • the fluid distribution circuit is connected to a hydraulic cylinder 4.
  • a distribution circuit 3 comprises rigid pipes and possibly flexible pipes for mobile connections (brakes, landing gear, etc.).
  • the hydraulic power generation is ensured, for example, by a variable displacement piston pump 5.
  • a control signal is sent to a computer 7 which controls a selector 8.
  • a face of the jack 4 receives the hydraulic pressure in an inlet chamber 9 causing a movement of the cylinder (to the right at the figure 1 ).
  • the rudder 1 then moves down.
  • the outlet chamber 10 of this cylinder being connected back to the reservoir 2, the fluid present in this chamber 10 is sent to the reservoir 2.
  • a transmitter 11 sends a status signal from the rudder 1 to the computer 7 for display 12
  • the selector 8 can send the fluid under high pressure to the chamber 9 or to the chamber 10 according to the desired direction of movement of the rudder 1, downwards or upwards.
  • An energy storage battery 13 is then used which is adapted to return its hydraulic energy reserve to the consumer (s) 4 in order to maintain the pressure at a level close to the nominal operating pressure.
  • This energy reserve accumulator 13 is placed on the HP high-pressure hydraulic line between the hydraulic power generator 5 and the consumers 4 furthest away from this power generator 5.
  • This accumulator 13 also makes it possible to absorb the overpressures generated in the hydraulic circuit by the operation of the consumers 4. This prevents the structure and equipment of the aircraft from being damaged during sudden pressure variation in the pipes.
  • Each fluid system comprises at least one energy storage accumulator 13, their number being a function of the demands of the fluid servitudes at nominal pressure.
  • the device of the invention described below in the context of the control of the state of an accumulator connected to a fluid system is adaptable by those skilled in the art to control all the accumulators of a fluid system. .
  • the energy reserve accumulator 13 is here a membrane accumulator, that is to say having an elastic wall delimiting the internal volume of this accumulator in two cavities 14, 15.
  • this accumulator can be a hydraulic accumulator with metal bellows.
  • the device comprises a pressure sensor 16 for measuring the pressure of the fluid in the HP high pressure line of this fluid system.
  • This pressure detector 16 is mounted on the distribution circuit 3 on the same HP high-pressure line where is placed the energy reserve battery 13 to be tested. It transmits a measurement signal representative of the pressure measured by the detector to a real-time processing unit 17.
  • This pressure detector 16 advantageously makes it possible to measure pressures up to 420 bar with an accuracy on the measurement of less than +/- 2.5 bar.
  • the pressure detector 16 must have a measurement acquisition speed very fast to be able to respond to discharge times well below the second.
  • the real-time processing unit 17 is, for example, an on-board computer. It comprises electronic means 18 for measuring the time interval ⁇ t separating two predetermined pressure measurements by the pressure detector 16. It further comprises means 19 for comparing time intervals ⁇ t between them. These means are implemented by software means which are known to those skilled in the art and will not be described here.
  • the control of the state of an accumulator 13 may be performed in masked time each time the pump nominally pressurizes the fluid system in a stabilized manner and then stops. This control can thus be performed for example after a maintenance operation by maintaining the power generation time required for the test.
  • the secondary power generation must be able to cut itself instantly. It is thus possible to use, for example, a hydraulic pump with an electric power source.
  • the processing unit then preprogrammed the state monitoring method of an accumulator as described below.
  • the real-time processing unit 17 can send a status signal from the energy reserve accumulator 13 to display means indicating to the operator whether a maintenance operation is to be performed on this accumulator 13.
  • This fluid system is first pressurized. For this, at least one pressurization pump 5 is used as described above.
  • This fluid is maintained at an operating pressure P F , for example 210 bar, for at least one duration ⁇ so as to ensure the stabilization of the fluid system. Stabilization of the system is achieved when no more pressure variation is observed in the fluid system.
  • the pressurization of the fluid system is then stopped and the pressure drop of the system is monitored.
  • the gas pressure in the second cavity of the energy reserve accumulator 13 is then deduced from the analysis of the pressure discharge time ⁇ t of the fluid system.
  • control method consists in measuring a first duration ⁇ t 1 put by the fluid system to go from a first pressure P1 to a second pressure P2, lower than the first pressure P1 and then a second duration ⁇ t 2 set by the fluid system to move from a third pressure P3, lower than the second pressure P2, to a fourth pressure P4, itself lower than the third pressure P3.
  • first and second pressures are greater than a precharge pressure P P of the accumulator 13 while the third and fourth pressures are lower than the precharging pressure of the accumulator 13.
  • This precharge pressure P P corresponds to the pressure of the gas in the second cavity 15 of the energy reserve accumulator 13 in its new state, that is to say corresponds to the pressure as specified at the factory outlet.
  • this precharge pressure P P is typically 133 bars at 20 ° C for a nitrogen type gas.
  • the accumulator 13 can supply energy to the fluid system as long as the pressure of the fluid system is greater than the precharge pressure.
  • this precharge pressure P P depends on the temperature at which the accumulator 13 is located.
  • the second predetermined pressure P2 must be greater than the precharging pressure of the accumulator 13 at a temperature substantially equal to 60 ° C: P2> P P + 60 ° C.
  • the third predetermined pressure P3 is less than the precharge pressure of the accumulator at a temperature substantially equal to -40 ° C: P3 ⁇ P P -40 ° C.
  • the first predetermined pressure P1 must be greater than the second predetermined pressure P2 while remaining lower than the operating pressure P F of the fluid system.
  • the processing unit 17 indicates to the operator the operational state or not of the accumulator, so as to possibly cause a maintenance intervention when the accumulator 13 is no longer operational.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé de contrôle de l'état d'un accumulateur à réserve d'énergie relié à un système de fluide.The present invention relates to a method for monitoring the state of an energy reserve accumulator connected to a fluid system.

Elle concerne également corrélativement un dispositif de contrôle adapté à mettre en oeuvre le procédé ainsi qu'un aéronef mettant en oeuvre l'invention.It also concerns correlatively a control device adapted to implement the method and an aircraft implementing the invention.

Les avions sont généralement équipés de plusieurs circuits hydrauliques, permettant l'actionnement de l'ensemble des servitudes de l'avion.The planes are generally equipped with several hydraulic circuits, allowing the actuation of all servitudes of the aircraft.

Généralement, chaque dispositif commandé par un circuit hydraulique est monté à la fois sur un circuit hydraulique principal et un circuit hydraulique auxiliaire, indépendant et autonome, pour des raisons de sécurité.Generally, each device controlled by a hydraulic circuit is mounted on both a main hydraulic circuit and an auxiliary hydraulic circuit, independent and autonomous, for security reasons.

Comme décrit dans le document FR 2 888 898 , il est connu d'utiliser sur un tel système hydraulique un accumulateur à réserve d'énergie qui permet de restituer sa réserve d'énergie hydraulique vers les éléments commandés, afin de maintenir la pression dans le circuit hydraulique à un niveau proche de la pression nominale de fonctionnement de ces éléments.As described in the document FR 2,888,898 , it is known to use on such a hydraulic system an energy reserve accumulator that allows to restore its reserve of hydraulic energy to the controlled elements, to maintain the pressure in the hydraulic circuit to a level close to the pressure nominal operation of these elements.

Cet accumulateur à réserve d'énergie est placé sur la ligne hydraulique à haute pression du système de fluide, entre un générateur de puissance hydraulique et les éléments commandés, éloignés de ce générateur de puissance.This energy reserve accumulator is placed on the high pressure hydraulic line of the fluid system, between a hydraulic power generator and the controlled elements, remote from this power generator.

Un tel accumulateur permet d'absorber les surpressions générées dans le circuit hydraulique par le fonctionnement des différents éléments commandés et d'éviter ainsi que la structure et les équipements de l'avion soient endommagés lors de brusque variation de pression dans les tuyauteries.Such an accumulator makes it possible to absorb the overpressures generated in the hydraulic circuit by the operation of the various elements controlled and thus to prevent the structure and equipment of the aircraft from being damaged during sudden pressure variation in the pipes.

Afin de contrôler l'état d'un accumulateur à réserve d'énergie, le document FR 2 888 898 propose un procédé pour vérifier l'état de pressurisation d'un accumulateur d'énergie.In order to control the state of an energy reserve battery, the document FR 2,888,898 proposes a method for checking the state of pressurization of an energy accumulator.

Dans son principe, ce procédé de contrôle consiste, après avoir pressurisé le système de fluide à une pression de fonctionnement, à mesurer l'intervalle de temps nécessaire au système de fluide pour passer d'une première pression prédéterminée à une seconde pression prédéterminée et à comparer cet intervalle de temps à une durée de référence prédéterminée.In principle, this control method comprises, after pressurizing the fluid system at an operating pressure, to measure the time interval required for the fluid system to change from a first predetermined pressure to a second predetermined pressure and to a second predetermined pressure. compare this time interval to a predetermined reference duration.

Cette durée de référence est déterminée en mettant en oeuvre le procédé de contrôle sur un accumulateur de référence.This reference time is determined by implementing the control method on a reference accumulator.

Toutefois, ce procédé de contrôle est inefficace dans certaines configurations du système hydraulique.However, this control method is inefficient in some configurations of the hydraulic system.

En effet, la vitesse avec laquelle la pression du fluide diminue dans un système de fluide dépend de la capacité volumique de ce système.Indeed, the speed with which the fluid pressure decreases in a fluid system depends on the volume capacity of this system.

Ainsi, plus le volume de fluide est important, plus la pression du système de fluide mettra du temps à chuter.Thus, the greater the volume of fluid, the greater the pressure of the fluid system will take time to fall.

Par ailleurs, dans un système de fluide, il existe une fuite interne entre la partie haute pression et la partie basse pression du système. Plus la fuite entre la partie basse pression et la partie haute pression est faible, plus la pression du système mettra du temps à chuter.Furthermore, in a fluid system, there is an internal leak between the high pressure part and the low pressure part of the system. The lower the leakage between the low pressure part and the high pressure part, the more the system pressure will take time to fall.

Ainsi, dans un aéronef à faible taux de fuite et/ou avec une capacité volumique du système de fluide importante, la durée mise par le système pour passer d'une première pression prédéterminée à une seconde pression prédéterminée peut être importante du fait de la configuration du système hydraulique lui-même, et ainsi ne pas être directement représentative de l'état de fonctionnement de l'accumulateur d'énergie.Thus, in an aircraft with a low leakage rate and / or with a large capacity of the fluid system, the time taken by the system to go from a first predetermined pressure to a second predetermined pressure can be significant because of the configuration. of the hydraulic system itself, and thus not be directly representative of the operating state of the energy accumulator.

La présente invention a pour but de résoudre les inconvénients précités et de proposer un procédé de contrôle d'état d'un accumulateur à réserve d'énergie efficace, permettant de vérifier le fonctionnement d'un accumulateur d'énergie indépendamment de la configuration du système hydraulique sur lequel est monté cet accumulateur d'énergie.The object of the present invention is to solve the aforementioned drawbacks and to propose a method for controlling the state of an energy-efficient accumulator, making it possible to check the operation of an energy accumulator independently of the configuration of the system. hydraulic system on which is mounted this energy accumulator.

A cet effet, la présente invention concerne un procédé de contrôle de l'état d'un accumulateur à réserve d'énergie, l'accumulateur étant relié à un système de fluide, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes successives suivantes :

  • mise sous pression du système de fluide ;
  • maintien du fluide à une pression de fonctionnement pendant au moins une durée prédéterminée de manière à assurer la stabilisation du système de fluide ;
  • arrêt de la mise sous pression du système de fluide ;
  • mesure d'une première durée mise par le système de fluide pour passer d'une première pression prédéterminée à une deuxième pression prédéterminée inférieure à la première pression prédéterminée ;
  • mesure d'une seconde durée mise par le système pour passer d'une troisième pression prédéterminée, inférieure à la deuxième pression prédéterminée, à une quatrième pression prédéterminée, inférieure à la troisième pression prédéterminée ; et
  • comparaison des première et seconde durées pour déterminer l'état de l'accumulateur à réserve d'énergie.
To this end, the present invention relates to a method for controlling the state of an energy reserve accumulator, the accumulator being connected to a fluid system, characterized in that it comprises the following successive steps:
  • pressurizing the fluid system;
  • maintaining the fluid at an operating pressure for at least a predetermined time so as to stabilize the fluid system;
  • stopping the pressurization of the fluid system;
  • measuring a first duration set by the fluid system to change from a first predetermined pressure to a second predetermined pressure lower than the first predetermined pressure;
  • measuring a second duration set by the system to change from a third predetermined pressure, lower than the second predetermined pressure, to a fourth predetermined pressure, lower than the third predetermined pressure; and
  • comparing the first and second durations to determine the state of the energy reserve battery.

Ainsi, en comparant deux mesures d'intervalle de temps sur une courbe de décroissance de pression dans le système de fluide, il est possible d'en déduire l'état de fonctionnement de l'accumulateur d'énergie relié à ce système de fluide, en s'affranchissant des caractéristiques (capacité volumique, taux de fuite interne) du système hydraulique.Thus, by comparing two measurements of time interval on a pressure decrease curve in the fluid system, it is possible to deduce the operating state of the energy accumulator connected to this fluid system, by dispensing with the characteristics (volume capacity, internal leakage rate) of the hydraulic system.

Dans un mode de réalisation pratique de l'invention, permettant une comparaison aisée des durées mesurées, la différence entre la première pression prédéterminée et la deuxième pression prédéterminée est sensiblement égale à la différence entre la troisième pression prédéterminée et la quatrième pression prédéterminée.In a practical embodiment of the invention, allowing an easy comparison of the measured durations, the difference between the first predetermined pressure and the second predetermined pressure is substantially equal to the difference between the third predetermined pressure and the fourth predetermined pressure.

En pratique, la deuxième pression prédéterminée est supérieure à la pression de précharge de l'accumulateur à une température sensiblement égale à 60°C.In practice, the second predetermined pressure is greater than the precharge pressure of the accumulator at a temperature substantially equal to 60 ° C.

Par ailleurs, la troisième pression prédéterminée est inférieure à la pression de précharge de l'accumulateur à une température sensiblement égale à -40°C.Furthermore, the third predetermined pressure is less than the precharge pressure of the accumulator at a temperature substantially equal to -40 ° C.

Ainsi, les pressions prédéterminées utilisées pour contrôler l'état de fonctionnement de l'accumulateur d'énergie tiennent compte de la pression de précharge de l'accumulateur, l'accumulateur pouvant fournir de l'énergie au système de fluide tant que la pression du système de fluide est supérieure à la pression de précharge.Thus, the predetermined pressures used to control the operating state of the energy accumulator take into account the pressure of precharging the accumulator, the accumulator being able to supply energy to the fluid system as long as the pressure of the fluid system is greater than the precharge pressure.

Pour la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé tel que décrit précédemment, un dispositif de contrôle de l'état d'un accumulateur à réserve d'énergie, l'accumulateur étant relié à une ligne haute pression d'un système de fluide et le système de fluide comportant au moins une pompe de pressurisation du système, comprend :

  • une unité de traitement en temps réel ;
  • au moins un détecteur de pression pour mesurer la pression du fluide dans la ligne haute pression, le détecteur émettant vers l'unité de traitement un signal de mesure représentatif de la pression mesurée par le détecteur ;
et l'unité de traitement comporte des moyens électroniques pour mesurer une première durée séparant une mesure d'une première pression prédéterminée et une mesure d'une deuxième pression prédéterminée émises par le détecteur de pression, et une seconde durée séparant une mesure d'une troisième pression prédéterminée et une mesure d'une quatrième pression prédéterminée émises par le détecteur de pression, et des moyens de comparaison de la première durée et de la seconde durée pour déterminer l'état de l'accumulateur à réserve d'énergie.For the implementation of a method as described above, a device for monitoring the state of an energy reserve accumulator, the accumulator being connected to a high pressure line of a fluid system and the fluid system comprising at least one system pressurization pump, comprising:
  • a real-time processing unit;
  • at least one pressure sensor for measuring the pressure of the fluid in the high pressure line, the detector transmitting to the processing unit a measurement signal representative of the pressure measured by the detector;
and the processing unit comprises electronic means for measuring a first time separating a measurement of a first predetermined pressure and a measurement of a second predetermined pressure emitted by the pressure detector, and a second duration separating a measurement of a first third predetermined pressure and a measurement of a fourth predetermined pressure emitted by the pressure detector, and means for comparing the first duration and the second duration to determine the state of the energy reserve accumulator.

Ce dispositif de contrôle présente des caractéristiques et avantages analogues à ceux décrits précédemment en référence au procédé de contrôle de l'état de fonctionnement d'un accumulateur à réserve d'énergie.This control device has characteristics and advantages similar to those described above with reference to the method of controlling the operating state of a storage battery with energy reserve.

Finalement, peut également être considéré un aéronef comprenant au moins un accumulateur à réserve d'énergie relié à une ligne haute pression d'un système de fluide, comprenant des moyens adaptés à mettre en oeuvre le procédé conforme à l'invention.Finally, an aircraft comprising at least one energy storage battery connected to a high pressure line of a fluid system, comprising means adapted to implement the method according to the invention, may also be considered.

D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront encore dans la description ci-après.Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent in the description below.

Aux dessins annexés, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs ;

  • la figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'un dispositif de contrôle de l'état d'un accumulateur à réserve d'énergie selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ; et
  • la figure 2 est une courbe illustrant la mise en oeuvre du procédé de contrôle de l'état d'un accumulateur à réserve d'énergie selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.
In the accompanying drawings, given by way of non-limiting examples;
  • the figure 1 is a schematic representation of a device for monitoring the state of an energy reserve accumulator according to an embodiment of the invention; and
  • the figure 2 is a curve illustrating the implementation of the method of controlling the state of a storage battery with energy reserve according to one embodiment of the invention.

La figure 1 montre un dispositif pour contrôler l'état d'un accumulateur à réserve d'énergie selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention. L'accumulateur à réserve d'énergie est relié à système de fluide.The figure 1 shows a device for controlling the state of an energy reserve battery according to one embodiment of the invention. The energy reserve accumulator is connected to the fluid system.

Ici, le circuit hydraulique est adapté à commander la manoeuvre d'une gouverne 1 d'un aéronef. Chaque système de fluide comporte son propre réservoir 2 à fluide relié à un circuit de distribution de fluide fermé 3, lequel comprend une ligne haute pression HP et une ligne basse pression BP pour le retour du fluide à basse pression vers le réservoir 2. Le fluide utilisé est un liquide incompressible pour un avion mais tout autre liquide ou de l'air peut être mis en oeuvre pour des applications autres qu'aéronautique (terrestre ou naval).Here, the hydraulic circuit is adapted to control the operation of a rudder 1 of an aircraft. Each fluid system comprises its own fluid reservoir 2 connected to a closed fluid distribution circuit 3, which comprises an HP high pressure line and a low pressure BP line for the return of the low pressure fluid to the reservoir 2. The fluid used is an incompressible liquid for an airplane but any other liquid or air can be implemented for applications other than aeronautics (land or naval).

Dans ce mode de réalisation, le circuit de distribution de fluide est relié à un vérin hydraulique 4. Un tel circuit de distribution 3 comprend des tuyauteries rigides et éventuellement des tuyauteries flexibles pour les raccordements mobiles (freins, trains d'atterrissage,...). La génération de puissance hydraulique est assurée, par exemple, par une pompe à piston à débit variable 5.In this embodiment, the fluid distribution circuit is connected to a hydraulic cylinder 4. Such a distribution circuit 3 comprises rigid pipes and possibly flexible pipes for mobile connections (brakes, landing gear, etc.). ). The hydraulic power generation is ensured, for example, by a variable displacement piston pump 5.

Lorsque le pilote agit sur une commande 6 telle qu'un manche, un signal de commande est envoyé vers un calculateur 7 qui contrôle un sélecteur 8. Une face du vérin 4 reçoit la pression hydraulique dans une chambre d'entrée 9 entraînant un mouvement du vérin (vers la droite à la figure 1). La gouverne 1 se déplace alors vers le bas. La chambre de sortie 10 de ce vérin étant reliée en retour vers le réservoir 2, le fluide présent dans cette chambre 10 est envoyé vers le réservoir 2. Un transmetteur 11 envoie un signal de statut de la gouverne 1 vers le calculateur 7 pour affichage 12. Bien entendu, le sélecteur 8 peut envoyer le fluide sous haute pression vers la chambre 9 ou vers la chambre 10 en fonction du sens de déplacement voulu de la gouverne 1, vers le bas ou vers le haut.When the pilot acts on a control 6 such as a handle, a control signal is sent to a computer 7 which controls a selector 8. A face of the jack 4 receives the hydraulic pressure in an inlet chamber 9 causing a movement of the cylinder (to the right at the figure 1 ). The rudder 1 then moves down. The outlet chamber 10 of this cylinder being connected back to the reservoir 2, the fluid present in this chamber 10 is sent to the reservoir 2. A transmitter 11 sends a status signal from the rudder 1 to the computer 7 for display 12 Of course, the selector 8 can send the fluid under high pressure to the chamber 9 or to the chamber 10 according to the desired direction of movement of the rudder 1, downwards or upwards.

Il est connu que pour fonctionner de façon efficace, les éléments consommateurs de puissance hydraulique tel que le vérin décrit ci-dessus ont besoin d'une pression nominale constante dans les chambres 9 ou 10 en fonction de la manoeuvre à réaliser. Or, des manoeuvres rapides font chuter la pression nominale de manière transitoire, car les pompes hydrauliques ne sont pas en mesure d'assurer le maintien de cette pression surtout si les consommateurs 4 sont situés loin de cette source de puissance. Le fluide entrant dans la chambre d'entrée 9 doit en effet être sous pression nominale afin de faire bouger de manière optimale la gouverne 1. Le fluide à basse pression de la chambre de sortie 10 retourne via une ligne hydraulique à basse pression BP vers le réservoir 2. C'est cette différence de pression entre les chambres d'entrée 9 et de sortie 10 qui actionne la gouverne 1.It is known that in order to function effectively, the hydraulic power consuming elements such as the jack described above need a constant nominal pressure in the chambers 9 or 10 as a function of the maneuver to be performed. However, rapid maneuvers drop the nominal pressure transiently, because the hydraulic pumps are not able to maintain this pressure especially if consumers 4 are located far from this power source. The fluid entering the inlet chamber 9 must indeed be under nominal pressure in order to optimally move the control surface 1. The low pressure fluid of the outlet chamber 10 returns via a low pressure hydraulic line BP to the tank 2. It is this pressure difference between the inlet and outlet chambers 9 which actuates the rudder 1.

On a recours alors à un accumulateur à réserve d'énergie 13 qui est adapté à restituer sa réserve d'énergie hydraulique vers le ou les consommateurs 4 afin de maintenir la pression à un niveau proche de la pression nominale de fonctionnement. Cet accumulateur à réserve d'énergie 13 est placé sur la ligne hydraulique à haute pression HP entre le générateur de puissance hydraulique 5 et les consommateurs 4 les plus éloignés de ce générateur de puissance 5.An energy storage battery 13 is then used which is adapted to return its hydraulic energy reserve to the consumer (s) 4 in order to maintain the pressure at a level close to the nominal operating pressure. This energy reserve accumulator 13 is placed on the HP high-pressure hydraulic line between the hydraulic power generator 5 and the consumers 4 furthest away from this power generator 5.

Cet accumulateur 13 permet également d'absorber les surpressions générées dans le circuit hydraulique par le fonctionnement des consommateurs 4. On évite ainsi que la structure et les équipements de l'avion soient endommagés lors de brusque variation de pression dans les tuyauteries.This accumulator 13 also makes it possible to absorb the overpressures generated in the hydraulic circuit by the operation of the consumers 4. This prevents the structure and equipment of the aircraft from being damaged during sudden pressure variation in the pipes.

Chaque système de fluide comprend au moins un accumulateur à réserve d'énergie 13, leur nombre étant fonction des demandes des servitudes en fluide sous pression nominale. Le dispositif de l'invention décrit ci-dessous dans le cadre du contrôle de l'état d'un accumulateur relié à un système de fluide est adaptable par l'homme du métier pour contrôler l'ensemble des accumulateurs d'un système de fluide.Each fluid system comprises at least one energy storage accumulator 13, their number being a function of the demands of the fluid servitudes at nominal pressure. The device of the invention described below in the context of the control of the state of an accumulator connected to a fluid system is adaptable by those skilled in the art to control all the accumulators of a fluid system. .

L'accumulateur à réserve d'énergie 13 est ici un accumulateur à membrane, c'est-à-dire comportant une paroi élastique délimitant le volume interne de cet accumulateur en deux cavités 14, 15. Dans une variante, cet accumulateur peut être un accumulateur hydraulique à soufflets métalliques.The energy reserve accumulator 13 is here a membrane accumulator, that is to say having an elastic wall delimiting the internal volume of this accumulator in two cavities 14, 15. In a variant, this accumulator can be a hydraulic accumulator with metal bellows.

Le bon fonctionnement de cet accumulateur à réserve d'énergie n'étant garanti que lorsque l'accumulateur est correctement pressurisé, il est nécessaire de s'assurer régulièrement de l'état de l'accumulateur 13.The proper functioning of this energy reserve battery is guaranteed only when the battery is properly pressurized, it is necessary to regularly check the state of the accumulator 13.

Le dispositif comprend un détecteur de pression 16 pour mesurer la pression du fluide dans la ligne haute pression HP de ce système de fluide. Ce détecteur de pression 16 est monté sur le circuit de distribution 3 sur la même ligne haute pression HP où est placé l'accumulateur à réserve d'énergie 13 à tester. Il émet un signal de mesure représentatif de la pression mesurée par le détecteur vers une unité de traitement en temps réel 17.The device comprises a pressure sensor 16 for measuring the pressure of the fluid in the HP high pressure line of this fluid system. This pressure detector 16 is mounted on the distribution circuit 3 on the same HP high-pressure line where is placed the energy reserve battery 13 to be tested. It transmits a measurement signal representative of the pressure measured by the detector to a real-time processing unit 17.

Ce détecteur de pression 16 permet avantageusement de mesurer des pressions allant jusqu'à 420 bars avec une précision sur la mesure inférieure à +/- 2,5 bars. Le détecteur de pression 16 doit présenter une vitesse d'acquisition des mesures très rapide pour pouvoir répondre à des temps de décharge bien inférieurs à la seconde.This pressure detector 16 advantageously makes it possible to measure pressures up to 420 bar with an accuracy on the measurement of less than +/- 2.5 bar. The pressure detector 16 must have a measurement acquisition speed very fast to be able to respond to discharge times well below the second.

L'unité de traitement en temps réel 17 est, par exemple, un ordinateur de bord. Elle comporte des moyens électroniques 18 pour mesurer l'intervalle de temps Δt séparant deux mesures de pression prédéterminées par le détecteur de pression 16. Elle comprend de plus des moyens 19 pour comparer des intervalles de temps Δt entre eux. Ces moyens sont mis en oeuvre par des moyens logiciels qui sont connus de l'homme du métier et ne seront pas décrits ici.The real-time processing unit 17 is, for example, an on-board computer. It comprises electronic means 18 for measuring the time interval Δt separating two predetermined pressure measurements by the pressure detector 16. It further comprises means 19 for comparing time intervals Δt between them. These means are implemented by software means which are known to those skilled in the art and will not be described here.

Le contrôle de l'état d'un accumulateur 13 pourra être réalisé en temps masqué à chaque fois que la pompe pressurise nominalement le système de fluide de façon stabilisée puis qu'elle s'arrête. Ce contrôle peut ainsi s'effectuer par exemple après une opération de maintenance en maintenant la génération de puissance le temps nécessaire au test. La génération de puissance secondaire doit cependant être capable de se couper instantanément. On peut ainsi utiliser par exemple une pompe hydraulique à source de puissance électrique.The control of the state of an accumulator 13 may be performed in masked time each time the pump nominally pressurizes the fluid system in a stabilized manner and then stops. This control can thus be performed for example after a maintenance operation by maintaining the power generation time required for the test. The secondary power generation, however, must be able to cut itself instantly. It is thus possible to use, for example, a hydraulic pump with an electric power source.

L'unité de traitement lance alors de manière préprogrammée le procédé de contrôle d'état d'un accumulateur tel que décrit ci-dessous.The processing unit then preprogrammed the state monitoring method of an accumulator as described below.

L'unité de traitement en temps réel 17 peut envoyer un signal d'état de l'accumulateur à réserve d'énergie 13 vers des moyens d'affichage indiquant à l'opérateur si une opération de maintenance doit être réalisée sur cet accumulateur 13.The real-time processing unit 17 can send a status signal from the energy reserve accumulator 13 to display means indicating to the operator whether a maintenance operation is to be performed on this accumulator 13.

On va décrire à présent en référence à la figure 2 le procédé de contrôle de l'état d'un accumulateur à réserve d'énergie 13 monté sur un système de fluide tel que décrit précédemment.We will now describe with reference to the figure 2 the method of controlling the state of an energy reserve accumulator 13 mounted on a fluid system as previously described.

On met tout d'abord sous pression ce système de fluide. Pour cela, on utilise au moins une pompe de pressurisation 5 telle que décrite précédemment. On maintient ce fluide à une pression de fonctionnement PF, par exemple 210 bars, pendant au moins une durée τ de manière à assurer la stabilisation du système de fluide. La stabilisation du système est atteinte lorsque plus aucune variation de pression n'est observée dans le système de fluide.This fluid system is first pressurized. For this, at least one pressurization pump 5 is used as described above. This fluid is maintained at an operating pressure P F , for example 210 bar, for at least one duration τ so as to ensure the stabilization of the fluid system. Stabilization of the system is achieved when no more pressure variation is observed in the fluid system.

On stoppe ensuite la mise sous pression du système de fluide et on surveille la chute en pression du système. La pression de gaz dans la deuxième cavité de l'accumulateur à réserve d'énergie 13 est alors déduite de l'analyse du temps de décharge en pression Δt du système de fluide.The pressurization of the fluid system is then stopped and the pressure drop of the system is monitored. The gas pressure in the second cavity of the energy reserve accumulator 13 is then deduced from the analysis of the pressure discharge time Δt of the fluid system.

Dans son principe, le procédé de contrôle consiste à mesurer une première durée Δt1 mise par le système de fluide pour passer d'une première pression P1 à une deuxième pression P2, inférieure à la première pression P1 puis une seconde durée Δt2 mise par le système de fluide pour passer d'une troisième pression P3, inférieure à la deuxième pression P2, à une quatrième pression P4, elle-même inférieure à la troisième pression P3.In principle, the control method consists in measuring a first duration Δt 1 put by the fluid system to go from a first pressure P1 to a second pressure P2, lower than the first pressure P1 and then a second duration Δt 2 set by the fluid system to move from a third pressure P3, lower than the second pressure P2, to a fourth pressure P4, itself lower than the third pressure P3.

On notera que les première et deuxième pressions sont supérieures à une pression de précharge PP de l'accumulateur 13 alors que les troisième et quatrième pressions sont inférieures à la pression de précharge de l'accumulateur 13. Cette pression de précharge PP correspond à la pression du gaz dans la deuxième cavité 15 de l'accumulateur à réserve d'énergie 13 à son état neuf, c'est-à-dire correspond à la pression telle qu'elle est spécifiée en sortie d'usine.It will be noted that the first and second pressures are greater than a precharge pressure P P of the accumulator 13 while the third and fourth pressures are lower than the precharging pressure of the accumulator 13. This precharge pressure P P corresponds to the pressure of the gas in the second cavity 15 of the energy reserve accumulator 13 in its new state, that is to say corresponds to the pressure as specified at the factory outlet.

A titre d'exemple, cette pression de précharge PP est typiquement de 133 bars à 20°C pour un gaz du type azote.By way of example, this precharge pressure P P is typically 133 bars at 20 ° C for a nitrogen type gas.

Cela signifie que l'accumulateur 13 peut fournir de l'énergie au système de fluide tant que la pression du système de fluide est supérieure à la pression de précharge.This means that the accumulator 13 can supply energy to the fluid system as long as the pressure of the fluid system is greater than the precharge pressure.

On notera en particulier que cette pression de précharge PP dépend de la température à laquelle se trouve l'accumulateur 13.It will be noted in particular that this precharge pressure P P depends on the temperature at which the accumulator 13 is located.

Dans des applications aéronautiques, le procédé de contrôle de l'état d'un accumulateur devrait être mis en oeuvre en dehors des températures extrêmes, du type -40°C ou +60°C.In aeronautical applications, the process of checking the condition of an accumulator should be carried out outside extreme temperatures, of the -40 ° C or + 60 ° C type.

On peut ainsi déterminer les différentes pressions prédéterminées utilisées par le procédé de contrôle conforme à l'invention selon les critères suivants.It is thus possible to determine the different predetermined pressures used by the control method according to the invention according to the following criteria.

La deuxième pression prédéterminée P2 doit être supérieure à la pression de précharge de l'accumulateur 13 à une température sensiblement égale à 60°C : P2 > PP+60°C.The second predetermined pressure P2 must be greater than the precharging pressure of the accumulator 13 at a temperature substantially equal to 60 ° C: P2> P P + 60 ° C.

De même, la troisième pression prédéterminée P3 est inférieure à la pression de précharge de l'accumulateur à une température sensiblement égale à -40°C : P3 < PP -40°C.Similarly, the third predetermined pressure P3 is less than the precharge pressure of the accumulator at a temperature substantially equal to -40 ° C: P3 <P P -40 ° C.

A titre d'exemple non limitatif, lorsque PP+20°C est égal environ à 133 bars, la valeur de PP-40°C est de l'ordre de 106 bars et la valeur PP+60°C est de l'ordre de 152 bars.By way of non-limiting example, when P P + 20 ° C is equal to approximately 133 bar, the value of P P-40 ° C is of the order of 106 bars and the value P P + 60 ° C is the order of 152 bars.

La première pression prédéterminée P1 doit être supérieure à la deuxième pression prédéterminée P2 tout en restant inférieure à la pression de fonctionnement PF du système de fluide.The first predetermined pressure P1 must be greater than the second predetermined pressure P2 while remaining lower than the operating pressure P F of the fluid system.

Enfin, la différence entre la première pression prédéterminée P1 et la deuxième pression prédéterminée P2 est sensiblement égale à la différence entre la troisième pression prédéterminée P3 et la quatrième pression prédéterminée P4 : (P1-P2)=(P3-P4).Finally, the difference between the first predetermined pressure P1 and the second predetermined pressure P2 is substantially equal to the difference between the third predetermined pressure P3 and the fourth predetermined pressure P4: (P1-P2) = (P3-P4).

Ainsi, on observe et on mesure la durée nécessaire mise par le système de fluide pour chuter d'un même écart de pression, de part et d'autre de la pression de précharge PP de l'accumulateur 13 à 20°C.Thus, it is observed and measured the time required by the fluid system to fall by the same pressure difference, on either side of the precharge pressure P P of the accumulator 13 at 20 ° C.

En pratique, si la première durée Δt1 est supérieure à la seconde durée Δt2, on en déduit dans une étape de comparaison que l'accumulateur est dans un état opérationnel, c'est-à-dire que l'accumulateur restitue de l'énergie hydraulique au système de fluide entre la première pression P1 et la deuxième pression P2.In practice, if the first duration Δt 1 is greater than the second duration Δt 2 , it is deduced in a comparison step that the accumulator is in an operational state, that is to say that the accumulator restores the hydraulic energy to the fluid system between the first pressure P1 and the second pressure P2.

A contrario, si la première durée Δt1 est inférieure à la seconde durée Δt2, cela signifie que l'accumulateur ne restitue aucune énergie au système de fluide et qu'ainsi l'accumulateur n'est plus opérationnel.On the other hand, if the first duration Δt 1 is lower than the second duration Δt 2 , this means that the accumulator does not return any energy to the fluid system and thus the accumulator is no longer operational.

Typiquement, l'unité de traitement 17 indique à l'opérateur l'état opérationnel ou non de l'accumulateur, afin de provoquer éventuellement une intervention de maintenance lorsque l'accumulateur 13 n'est plus opérationnel.Typically, the processing unit 17 indicates to the operator the operational state or not of the accumulator, so as to possibly cause a maintenance intervention when the accumulator 13 is no longer operational.

A titre d'exemple purement illustratif, dans un aéronef avec un système de fluide ayant une pression nominale de 206 bars, les valeurs typiques de pressions prédéterminées utilisées dans le procédé de contrôle de l'état d'un accumulateur peuvent être les suivantes :

  • P1 = 190 bars,
  • P2 = 160 bars,
  • P3 = 90 bars, et
  • P4 = 60 bars.
By way of purely illustrative example, in an aircraft with a fluid system having a nominal pressure of 206 bar, the typical values of predetermined pressures used in the method of checking the state of an accumulator can be as follows:
  • P1 = 190 bars,
  • P2 = 160 bar,
  • P3 = 90 bar, and
  • P4 = 60 bars.

Bien entendu, de nombreuses modifications peuvent être apportées à l'exemple de réalisation décrit précédemment sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.Of course, many modifications can be made to the embodiment described above without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (5)

  1. Method for monitoring the status of an energy reserve accumulator (13), the said accumulator (13) being connected to a fluid system (3), characterized in that it comprises the following successive steps:
    - pressurizing the said fluid system (3);
    - maintaining the fluid at an operating pressure (PF) for at least a predetermined time (τ) so as to ensure stabilization of the said fluid system (3);
    - stopping the pressurization of the said fluid system (3);
    - measuring a first time (Δt1) taken by the said fluid system (3) to progress from a first predetermined pressure (P1) to a second predetermined pressure (P2), lower than the said first predetermined pressure (P1);
    - measuring a second time (Δt2) taken by the said fluid system (3) to progress from a third predetermined pressure (P3), lower than the said second predetermined pressure (P2), to a fourth predetermined pressure (P4), lower than the said third predetermined pressure (P3); and
    - comparing the said first and second times (Δt1 Δt2) in order to determine the status of the said energy reserve accumulator (13).
  2. Monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that the difference between the said first predetermined pressure (P1) and the said second predetermined pressure (P2) is more or less equal to the difference between the said third predetermined pressure (P3) and the said fourth predetermined pressure (P4).
  3. Monitoring method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the said second predetermined pressure (P2) is higher than the precharge pressure (PP+60°C) of the accumulator (13) at a temperature more or less equal to 60° C.
  4. Monitoring method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the said third predetermined pressure (P3) is lower than the precharge pressure (PP-40° C) of the accumulator (13) at a temperature more or less equal to -40° C.
  5. Monitoring method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in the said step of comparing, the accumulator (13) is in an operational status when the said first time (Δt1) is greater than the said second time (Δt2).
EP09738332.7A 2008-04-25 2009-04-10 Method for monitoring the status of an energy reserve accumulator, particularly for an aircraft Not-in-force EP2283238B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0852826A FR2930605B1 (en) 2008-04-25 2008-04-25 METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE STATE OF AN ENERGY RESERVE ACCUMULATOR, IN PARTICULAR FOR AN AIRCRAFT.
PCT/FR2009/000419 WO2009133298A2 (en) 2008-04-25 2009-04-10 Method for monitoring the status of an energy reserve accumulator, particularly for an aircraft

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EP2283238B1 true EP2283238B1 (en) 2014-08-13

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WO2009133298A3 (en) 2010-01-07
US20110046901A1 (en) 2011-02-24
US8494789B2 (en) 2013-07-23
EP2283238A2 (en) 2011-02-16
WO2009133298A9 (en) 2012-05-10
WO2009133298A2 (en) 2009-11-05
FR2930605B1 (en) 2015-01-16
CN102016331A (en) 2011-04-13
FR2930605A1 (en) 2009-10-30

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