EP2277154B1 - Monitoring device for functionally monitoring a reporting system reporting system and method for monitoring - Google Patents

Monitoring device for functionally monitoring a reporting system reporting system and method for monitoring Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2277154B1
EP2277154B1 EP08874097A EP08874097A EP2277154B1 EP 2277154 B1 EP2277154 B1 EP 2277154B1 EP 08874097 A EP08874097 A EP 08874097A EP 08874097 A EP08874097 A EP 08874097A EP 2277154 B1 EP2277154 B1 EP 2277154B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
reporting
devices
voltage source
reference resistor
supply lines
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EP08874097A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2277154A1 (en
Inventor
Stefan Kriz
Ingo Knopp
Marcus Preisinger
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/02—Monitoring continuously signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/06—Monitoring of the line circuits, e.g. signalling of line faults
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/06—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using power transmission lines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a monitoring device for monitoring the function of a reporting system, wherein the reporting system comprises a plurality of signaling devices and / or signaling devices, supply lines and a voltage source, wherein the signaling devices and / or signaling devices connected to the voltage source via the supply lines and wherein the signaling devices and / or signaling devices connected in parallel to each other and to the voltage source.
  • the invention further relates to a reporting system with this monitoring device and a method for checking the functionality of a reporting system or the.
  • Message systems such as fire alarm systems, alarm systems or the like, are used as communication devices usually in large-scale systems, being generated at decentralized locations automatically or manually messages and forwarded to a central office.
  • the message systems include a plurality of detectors, which are connected via signal and / or supply lines to each other and to the control center.
  • the supply and signal lines are combined to form a two-wire line, wherein the change in the current flow or the voltage in the two-wire line is monitored and a message is generated when changes in the center.
  • Form of DC-powered circuits at the end, that is at the point to be monitored, there is a terminal resistance.
  • the terminal resistance and the current flow through this terminal resistance are monitored by an evaluation circuit in the control center. For example, if the terminal resistor changes its resistance by more than plus / minus 40%, it will be interpreted as a foreign intervention and an alarm will be triggered.
  • a monitoring device for monitoring the operation of a reporting system with the features of claim 1, a reporting system with the features of claim 5 and a method for checking the functionality of a reporting system or the signaling system with the features of claim 11 are disclosed. Preferred or advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the subclaims, the following description and the accompanying figures.
  • a monitoring device is proposed, which is suitable and / or designed for function monitoring, in particular condition monitoring, of a reporting system.
  • the monitoring device is designed to detect a creeping line interruption.
  • the reporting system comprises a plurality of signaling devices and / or signaling devices, supply lines and a voltage source.
  • the signaling devices or signal devices are connected to the voltage source via the supply lines, so that the signaling devices or signal devices are electrically connected in parallel to one another and to the voltage source.
  • the signaling devices can be designed as manual detectors, for example manual fire detectors for impacting or the like, emergency callers, but also as automatic detectors, such as motion detectors, heat detectors, fire detectors, etc.
  • the Signaleinrichtunegn can be realized as optical, acoustic and / or haptic signal generator, such as signal horns or warning lights.
  • the supply lines are preferably acted upon by the voltage source with a DC voltage, so that the type of supply line can be referred to as a two-wire line and / or the structure as DC line technology.
  • the publication GB 2 286 735 A which is probably the closest prior art, describes a monitoring system and a monitoring unit with error detection, wherein at least one monitoring unit can perform a self-test. If the monitoring unit detects a fault during the self-test, the impedance in the connected lines is changed by triggering a switch.
  • the signaling devices are preferably designed so that upon activation of a message they change from an open line state to a closed line state, or by a reporting resistor is connected in the line.
  • the monitoring device has a test signal device which is designed to connect a reference resistor in the supply lines parallel to the signaling devices and / or which is connected to the connection of one or the reference resistor as a conclusion of the supply lines.
  • the monitoring device comprises an evaluation device for detecting and evaluating the system response of the reporting system to the connection of the reference resistor.
  • the reference resistor is connected to the signaling devices and optionally in addition to a terminating resistor.
  • the reference resistor is temporarily activated as a terminating resistor.
  • the terminating resistor is preferably the resistor which, in the case of the parallel connection, is arranged by the signaling devices and the terminating resistor with the greatest distance and / or after the largest number of previously interposed signaling devices.
  • a terminating resistor is connected at the end of the supply lines, whereby a voltage is applied continuously to the terminating resistor by the voltage source.
  • This circuit requires a constant quiescent current through the terminating resistor, which can be monitored in a central office. When there is a line interruption, the quiescent current can no longer flow, which can be detected as a fault in the control center.
  • the so-called "creeping line interruptions” are problematic, for example caused by an incomplete cable break or a slowly developing increase in the contact resistance of plug-in or screw contacts. These creeping line interruptions can in the worst case lead to failures of the reporting devices and thus the reporting system.
  • creeping line interruptions also lead to a reduction in the quiescent current through the terminating resistor described above, which can be detected by the control panel and displayed as a fault.
  • the problem with this type of detection is the situation when a reporting resistor is connected in parallel in the supply lines by one or more of the signaling devices in the reporting case. This changes the voltage divider between the line resistance of the creeping line interruption and the reporting resistance of the signaling device, which leads to a reduction in the supply voltage to the signaling device. If the unrecognized line resistance of the creeping line interruption is too high, the permissible operating voltage is undershot when the message state of the message device is taken. In addition, the current required for alarm detection or alarm triggering may not be able to flow. In borderline cases, this error chain can only be badly detected or monitored by monitoring the quiescent current.
  • an active end-of-line circuit and / or an intermediate circuit is proposed, which is installed instead of and / or in addition to a simple terminating resistor.
  • the advantage of this arrangement is that a relevant reporting case can be simulated by the test signal device for a short time.
  • the reaction to the connection of the reference resistor of the reporting system in the form of an increased current can be recorded and evaluated by the evaluation device.
  • An increase in the creeping line resistance leads to a reduction in the quiescent current or the increased current.
  • the test signal device is designed for the temporary and / or pulsed connection of the reference resistor.
  • the pulse duration is preferably short enough so as not to be interpreted as a real message of the reporting devices.
  • the pulse duration during which the reference resistor is switched on is less than 0.5 seconds, preferably less than 0.25 seconds.
  • the pitch of the Zuschaltpulse is preferably formed equidistant in time and may be selected so that the reference resistance is switched in time intervals greater than one second, preferably greater than 5 seconds and in particular greater than 10 seconds.
  • a regular connection of the reference resistor has the advantage that it can be concluded in the absence of the system response to a complete line interruption.
  • the evaluation device has means for distinguishing between the system response in the coupling of the reference resistor and the triggering of a reporting device. These means can, for example, observe the length of time of the system response, evaluate the time interval of the system response or be designed as a filter.
  • the test signal device is designed to measure the voltage in the supply lines.
  • the test signal device comprises a program-technical and / or circuitry implementation, so that when falling below a predetermined or predetermined voltage amount of the reference resistor is turned off and / or disabled. This refinement is based on the consideration that the connection of the reference resistor in the test signal device can also lead to a fall below the permissible detector operating voltage, for example in the case of line damage or in the case of already existing messages from other signaling devices.
  • the evaluation device does not receive any system response of the signaling system that can be attributed to the connection of the reference resistor and can interpret this as a fault or reporting case.
  • the invention also relates to a signaling system having the features of claim 5, which comprises a plurality of signaling devices, supply lines and a voltage source, wherein the signaling devices are connected to the voltage wave via supply lines and wherein the signaling device are connected in parallel to each other and to the voltage source.
  • the reporting system is characterized in that a monitoring device according to one of the preceding claims or as previously described is integrated.
  • the signaling devices are designed as manual and / or automatic detectors, which switch on a reporting resistance when activated.
  • the value of the reference resistor is equal to or substantially equal to the value of the reporting resistor.
  • the reporting case can be simulated particularly realistic by the fürsignal gifted.
  • the reference resistance may be smaller than the reporting resistance.
  • the value of the reference resistance of the common resistance is equal to all or some, e.g. two or three, parallel reporting resistors. This embodiment takes into account that more than one reporting resistor R1, R2 ...
  • test signal device is embodied as a separate module, for example enclosed in a housing.
  • test signal device is integrated in a signaling device and / or signal technology coupled with it in such a way that is connected as a reference resistor of the reporting resistance of the signaling device.
  • a supplementary or alternative structural embodiment provides that the voltage source and the test signal device are integrated together in a message center.
  • This embodiment allows the notification system to be integrated with few components in a building or the like.
  • the message center can also contact several branches of supply lines, each branch being designed as a two-wire line and preferably separately is evaluated to each other.
  • Both the test signal device and the evaluation device can be designed using a rigid circuit and / or analog.
  • one or both devices comprises a data processing device, in particular a microcontroller, wherein parameters of the monitoring device, such as pulse duration of the connection, limits for current or voltage can be entered in a simple manner.
  • a final object of the invention relates to a method for checking the functionality of a message system having the features of claim 11, wherein the message system is preferably formed according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a reference resistor as a terminating resistor and / or in parallel to one or the terminating resistor temporarily and / or pulsed is switched on, wherein the current flow is measured in the region of the voltage source and being closed by a comparison of the current flow value with switched reference resistor with a predetermined limit on the functioning of the reporting system.
  • the current measurement is preferably carried out via the use of a measuring shunt.
  • the duration of the connection of the reference resistor is shorter than the signal duration of a triggered signaling device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a reporting system 1 as an embodiment of the invention, which is designed for example as a fire alarm system or alarm system.
  • the reporting system 1 comprises a center 2 in which a DC voltage source (not shown) is arranged. Via supply lines 3, a plurality of signaling devices 4 are connected to the center 2 or to the DC voltage source, wherein the signaling devices 4 are arranged in parallel to each other.
  • the supply lines 3 are preferably designed as a two-wire line, wherein the two-wire line ensures both the power supply and the signal transmission.
  • the signaling devices 4 can be designed, for example, as manual detectors, fire detectors, automatic detectors, motion detectors, etc. Upon activation of one of the signaling devices 4, a switch 5 or an equivalent component is closed, so that a reporting resistor Ra is connected between the supply lines 3.
  • the reference numeral 6 denotes a signal testing device which is arranged in the circuit diagram opposite to the center 2 at the end of the supply lines 3 as a conclusion.
  • a terminating resistor is arranged instead of the test signal device 6.
  • the functioning of the reporting system 1 is based on the fact that one or more of the signaling devices 4 close the switch 5 in the reporting case, so that the reporting resistor Ra is switched on.
  • creeping line interruptions can occur, which are caused by incomplete cable breaks or slowly developing increase in contact resistance.
  • Such a creeping line interruption is shown in the block diagram by the resistor Ri representatively, which is serially integrated into the supply lines 3.
  • Test signal device 6 To detect the functionality of the reporting system 1 and in particular of creeping line interruptions such as the resistor Ri is the Test signal device 6 is formed, preferably at regular intervals a reference resistor R parallel to the signaling devices 4 in the supply lines 3 turn.
  • FIG. 2 shows the test signal device 6 in a somewhat detailed representation, it being recognized that via a switching device 8, the reference resistor R is connected in parallel to the supply lines 3.
  • the switching device 8 is switched on or activated, for example, by a pulse generator 9.
  • the test signal device 6 couples into the supply lines 3 with the reference resistor R only one passive element.
  • FIG. 3 shows a graph over the time course of the current I in the supply lines 3 by an evaluation device 10, which is integrated in the center 2 or formed as a separate unit, wherein the current I is plotted over the time t.
  • a current flows, which corresponds to zero or a quiescent current value in the case where all the signaling devices 4 are open.
  • current peaks 11 occur, each current peak 11 being associated with a connection of the reference resistor R.
  • the pulse duration deltat of the pulse peaks corresponds approximately to the turn-on duration of the reference resistor R and is approximately 250 ms.
  • the evaluation device 10 it is checked whether the amplitude and / or the magnitude of the pulse peaks 11 exceeds a reference value Is. If this is the case, then a sufficiently small resistance RI is concluded as a gradual line interruption. If the amplitude and / or the magnitude of the pulse peaks 11 are below this predetermined or predefinable value, then a creeping line interruption or another malfunction is assumed and a fault signal is sent to the interfaces 7.
  • the pulse duration deltat is selected so that the evaluation device 10 can clearly distinguish the system response from activating a message device 4 in the event of a report.
  • the reference resistor R is preferably the same or similar in size to one of the reporting resistors Ra, so that when the reference resistor R is connected, an alarm case is simulated. If, due to an increased line resistance Ri, the voltage would fall below a permissible or required detector operating voltage in the event of an alarm, this already results when the reference resistor R in is connected simulated alarm case falls below a previously calculated minimum value of the current pulses IS, so that by evaluating the current pulses a creeping line interruption can be detected in good time and displayed as a fault.
  • the test signal device 6 has a voltage monitor 12, which is designed and / or connected for monitoring the applied voltage in the supply lines 3.
  • the voltage monitor 12 is disposed at the opposite end of the power source 3 supply voltage.
  • the voltage monitoring 12 secures the case that, when the reference resistor R is connected, an admissible signaling operating voltage is undershot, for example in the case of an already existing alarm case. If a preset minimum voltage is exceeded, the periodic connection of the switching device 8 or the reference resistor R is deactivated as a reaction, so that no further current pulses are generated.
  • the evaluation device 10 is on the basis of the missing, characteristic current pulses 11 able to close either a line interruption or a shortfall of the preset minimum voltage and can output this result as a message at the interfaces 7.
  • the test signal device 6 is designed as an end-off-line circuit and can be used for example in conventional fire alarm systems to meet the extended requirements of the standards DIN EN 54-2 and DIN EN 54-13.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
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Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Überwachungsvorrichtung zur Funktionsüberwachung eines Meldesystems, wobei das Meldesystem eine Mehrzahl von Meldeeinrichtungen und/oder Signaleinrichtungen, Versorgungsleitungen und eine Spannungsquelle aufweist, wobei die Meldeeinrichtungen und/oder Signaleinrichtungen mit der Spannungsquelle über die Versorgungsleitungen verschaltet und wobei die Meldeeinrichtungen und/oder Signaleinrichtungen parallel zueinander und zu der Spannungsquelle verbunden sind. Die Erfindung betrifft im Weiteren ein Meldesystem mit dieser Überwachungsvorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Überprüfung der Funktionsfähigkeit eines oder des Meldesystems.The invention relates to a monitoring device for monitoring the function of a reporting system, wherein the reporting system comprises a plurality of signaling devices and / or signaling devices, supply lines and a voltage source, wherein the signaling devices and / or signaling devices connected to the voltage source via the supply lines and wherein the signaling devices and / or signaling devices connected in parallel to each other and to the voltage source. The invention further relates to a reporting system with this monitoring device and a method for checking the functionality of a reporting system or the.

Meldesysteme, zum Beispiel Brandmeldesysteme, Alarmsysteme oder dergleichen, dienen als Kommunikationseinrichtungen meist in weiträumigen Anlagen, wobei an dezentralen Orten automatisch oder manuell Meldungen erzeugt und an eine Zentrale weitergegeben werden. Hierzu umfassen die Meldesysteme eine Mehrzahl von Meldern, welche über Signal- und/oder Versorgungsleitungen miteinander und mit der Zentrale verbunden sind. In einer verbreiteten Ausgestaltung werden die Versorgungs- und Signalleitungen zu einer Zweidrahtleitung zusammengelegt, wobei die Änderung des Stromflusses bzw. der Spannung in der Zweidrahtleitung überwacht und bei Änderungen in der Zentrale eine Meldung erzeugt wird.Message systems, such as fire alarm systems, alarm systems or the like, are used as communication devices usually in large-scale systems, being generated at decentralized locations automatically or manually messages and forwarded to a central office. For this purpose, the message systems include a plurality of detectors, which are connected via signal and / or supply lines to each other and to the control center. In a widespread embodiment, the supply and signal lines are combined to form a two-wire line, wherein the change in the current flow or the voltage in the two-wire line is monitored and a message is generated when changes in the center.

In der Druckschrift DE 10 2005 038 602 A1 wird in der Einteilung eine derartige Sicherheitseinrichtung in Gleichstromlinientechnik gewürdigt, wobei die Sicherheitseinrichtung Primärlinien inIn the publication DE 10 2005 038 602 A1 in the classification, such a safety device is appreciated in DC line technology, wherein the safety device primary lines in

Form von mit Gleichspannung gespeisten Stromkreisen aufweist, an deren Ende, dass heißt an der zu überwachenden Stelle, sich ein Endwiderstand befindet. Der Endwiderstand und der Stromfluss durch diesen Endwiderstand werden von einer Auswerteschaltung in der Zentrale überwacht. Ändert der Endwiderstand seinen Widerstandswert beispielsweise um mehr als plus/minus 40 %, so wird dies als Fremdeingriff interpretiert und Alarm ausgelöst.Form of DC-powered circuits, at the end, that is at the point to be monitored, there is a terminal resistance. The terminal resistance and the current flow through this terminal resistance are monitored by an evaluation circuit in the control center. For example, if the terminal resistor changes its resistance by more than plus / minus 40%, it will be interpreted as a foreign intervention and an alarm will be triggered.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Es wird eine Überwachungsvorrichtung zur Funktionsüberwachung eines Meldesystems mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1, ein Meldesystem mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 5 sowie ein Verfahren zur Überprüfung der Funktionsfähigkeit eines oder des Meldungssystems mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 11 offenbart. Bevorzugte oder vorteilhafte Ausfiihrungsformen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, der nachfolgenden Beschreibung sowie den beigefügten Figuren.A monitoring device for monitoring the operation of a reporting system with the features of claim 1, a reporting system with the features of claim 5 and a method for checking the functionality of a reporting system or the signaling system with the features of claim 11 are disclosed. Preferred or advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the subclaims, the following description and the accompanying figures.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung wird eine Überwachungsvorrichtung vorgeschlagen, die zur Funktionsüberwachung, insbesondere Zustandsüberwachung, eines Meldesystems geeignet und/oder ausgebildet ist. Im Besonderen ist die Überwachungsvorrichtung zur Detektion einer schleichenden Leitungsunterbrechung ausgebildet. Das Meldesystem umfasst eine Mehrzahl von Meldeeinrichtungen und/oder Signaleinrichtungen, Versorgungsleitungen und eine Spannungsquelle. Die Meldeeinrichtungen bzw. Signaleinrichtungen sind mit der Spannungsquelle über die Versorgungsleitungen verschaltet, so dass die Meldeeinrichtungen bzw. Signaleinrichtungen parallel zueinander und zu der Spannungsquelle elektrisch verbunden sind. Die Meldeeinrichtungen können als manuelle Melder, zum Beispiel manuelle Feuermelder zum Einschlagen oder dergleichen, Notrufmelder, jedoch auch als automatische Melder, wie zum Beispiel Bewegungsmelder, Wärmemelder, Feuermelder, etc. ausgebildet sein. Die Signaleinrichtunegn können als optische, akustische und/oder haptische Signalgeber, wie z.B. Signalhörner oder Wamleuchten realisiert sein. Die Versorgungsleitungen sind durch die Spannungsquelle bevorzugt mit einer Gleichspannung beaufschlagt, so dass die Art der Versorgungsleitung als Zweidrahtleitung und/oder der Aufbau als Gleichstromlinientechnik bezeichnet werden kann.In the context of the invention, a monitoring device is proposed, which is suitable and / or designed for function monitoring, in particular condition monitoring, of a reporting system. In particular, the monitoring device is designed to detect a creeping line interruption. The reporting system comprises a plurality of signaling devices and / or signaling devices, supply lines and a voltage source. The signaling devices or signal devices are connected to the voltage source via the supply lines, so that the signaling devices or signal devices are electrically connected in parallel to one another and to the voltage source. The signaling devices can be designed as manual detectors, for example manual fire detectors for impacting or the like, emergency callers, but also as automatic detectors, such as motion detectors, heat detectors, fire detectors, etc. The Signaleinrichtunegn can be realized as optical, acoustic and / or haptic signal generator, such as signal horns or warning lights. The supply lines are preferably acted upon by the voltage source with a DC voltage, so that the type of supply line can be referred to as a two-wire line and / or the structure as DC line technology.

Die Druckschrift GB 2 286 735 A , die wohl den nächstliegenden Stand der Technik bildet, beschreibt ein Überwachungssystem und eine Überwachungseinheit mit Fehlererkennung, wobei mindestens eine Überwachungseinheit einen Selbsttest durchführen kann. Wenn die Überwachungseinheit beim Selbsttest einen Fehler erkennt, wird die Impedanz in den angeschlossenen Leitungen durch Auslösen eines Schalters geändert.The publication GB 2 286 735 A , which is probably the closest prior art, describes a monitoring system and a monitoring unit with error detection, wherein at least one monitoring unit can perform a self-test. If the monitoring unit detects a fault during the self-test, the impedance in the connected lines is changed by triggering a switch.

Die Meldeeinrichtungen sind vorzugsweise so ausgebildet, dass bei der Aktivierung einer Meldung diese von einem offenen Leitungszustand in einen geschlossenen Leitungszustand wechseln, wobei oder indem ein Meldewiderstand in die Leitung geschaltet wird.The signaling devices are preferably designed so that upon activation of a message they change from an open line state to a closed line state, or by a reporting resistor is connected in the line.

Die Überwachungsvorrichtung weist eine Prüfsignaleinrichtung, welche zur Zuschaltung eines Referenzwiderstands in die Versorgungsleitungen parallel zu den Meldeeinrichtungen und/oder welche zur Zuschaltung eines oder des Referenzwiderstandes als Abschluss der Versorgungsleitungen ausgebildet ist. Zudem umfasst die Überwachungsvorrichtung eine Auswerteeinrichtung zur Detektion und Auswertung der Systemantwort des Meldesystems auf die Zuschaltung des Referenzwiderstands. Bei einer ersten Alternative wird der Referenzwiderstand zu den Meldeeinrichtungen und optional ergänzend zu einem Abschlusswiderstand zugeschaltet. Bei der zweiten Alternative ist der Referenzwiderstand temporär als Abschlusswiderstand aktiviert. Als Abschlusswiderstand wird vorzugsweise der Widerstand bezeichnet, welcher bei der Parallelschaltung von den Meldeeinrichtungen und dem Abschlusswiderstand mit der größten Entfernung und/oder nach der größten Anzahl von zuvor zwischengeschalteten Meldeeinrichtungen angeordnet ist.The monitoring device has a test signal device which is designed to connect a reference resistor in the supply lines parallel to the signaling devices and / or which is connected to the connection of one or the reference resistor as a conclusion of the supply lines. In addition, the monitoring device comprises an evaluation device for detecting and evaluating the system response of the reporting system to the connection of the reference resistor. In a first alternative, the reference resistor is connected to the signaling devices and optionally in addition to a terminating resistor. In the second alternative, the reference resistor is temporarily activated as a terminating resistor. The terminating resistor is preferably the resistor which, in the case of the parallel connection, is arranged by the signaling devices and the terminating resistor with the greatest distance and / or after the largest number of previously interposed signaling devices.

Bei üblichen Meldesystemen ist am Ende der Versorgungsleitungen ein Abschlusswiderstand angeschlossen, wobei durch die Spannungsquelle stetig eine Spannung an dem Abschlusswiderstand anliegt. Diese Schaltung bedingt einen konstanten Ruhestrom durch den Abschlusswiderstand, der in einer Zentrale überwacht werden kann. Bei einer Leitungsunterbrechung kann der Ruhestrom nicht mehr fließen, was als Störung in der Zentrale detektierbar ist. Problematisch neben einer vollständigen Leitungsunterbrechung sind jedoch die sogenannten "schleichenden Leitungsunterbrechungen", zum Beispiel verursacht durch einen nicht vollständigen Kabelbruch oder eine sich langsam entwickelnde Erhöhung des Übergangswiderstands von Steck- oder Schraubkontakten. Diese schleichenden Leitungsunterbrechungen können schlimmstenfalls zu Ausfällen der Meldeeinrichtungen und damit des Meldesystems führen. Dies liegt darin begründet, dass die schleichenden Leitungsunterbrechungen einem seriell in die Versorgungsleitungen geschalteten Widerstand entsprechen, wobei aufgrund des Spannungsabfalls an diesem Widerstand im ungünstigen Fällen die Betriebsspannung an den Meldeeinrichtungen unterschritten werden kann. Sind diese nicht betriebsbereit, können Ereignisse nicht mehr erkannt werden.In conventional reporting systems, a terminating resistor is connected at the end of the supply lines, whereby a voltage is applied continuously to the terminating resistor by the voltage source. This circuit requires a constant quiescent current through the terminating resistor, which can be monitored in a central office. When there is a line interruption, the quiescent current can no longer flow, which can be detected as a fault in the control center. However, in addition to a complete line interruption, the so-called "creeping line interruptions" are problematic, for example caused by an incomplete cable break or a slowly developing increase in the contact resistance of plug-in or screw contacts. These creeping line interruptions can in the worst case lead to failures of the reporting devices and thus the reporting system. This is due to the fact that the creeping line breaks correspond to a serially connected in the supply lines resistance, due to the voltage drop across this resistor in unfavorable cases, the operating voltage at the signaling devices below can be. If these are not ready, events can no longer be detected.

Schleichende Leitungsunterbrechungen führen zwar auch zu einer Verringerung des Ruhestroms durch den oben beschriebenen Abschlusswiderstand, die durch die Zentrale detektiert und als Störung angezeigt werden kann. Problematisch bei dieser Art der Detektion ist jedoch die Situation, wenn im Meldefall durch eine oder mehrere der Meldeeinrichtungen ein Meldewiderstand parallel in die Versorgungsleitungen geschaltet wird. Damit ändert sich der Spannungsteiler zwischen dem Leitungswiderstand der schleichenden Leitungsunterbrechung und dem Meldewiderstand der Meldeeinrichtung, was zu einer Verringerung der Versorgungsspannung an der Meldeeinrichtung führt. Ist der nicht erkannte Leitungswiderstand der schleichenden Leitungsunterbrechung zu hoch, wird beim Einnehmen des Meldezustands der Meldeeinrichtung dessen zulässige Betriebsspannung unterschritten. Darüber hinaus kann der für die Alarmerkennung bzw. Alarmauslösung erforderliche Strom möglicherweise nicht mehr fließen. Diese Fehlerkette kann in Grenzfällen durch die Überwachung des Ruhestroms nur schlecht detektiert bzw. überwacht werden.Although creeping line interruptions also lead to a reduction in the quiescent current through the terminating resistor described above, which can be detected by the control panel and displayed as a fault. The problem with this type of detection, however, is the situation when a reporting resistor is connected in parallel in the supply lines by one or more of the signaling devices in the reporting case. This changes the voltage divider between the line resistance of the creeping line interruption and the reporting resistance of the signaling device, which leads to a reduction in the supply voltage to the signaling device. If the unrecognized line resistance of the creeping line interruption is too high, the permissible operating voltage is undershot when the message state of the message device is taken. In addition, the current required for alarm detection or alarm triggering may not be able to flow. In borderline cases, this error chain can only be badly detected or monitored by monitoring the quiescent current.

Letztlich wurde erkannt, dass bei der bisherigen Überwachung auf schleichende Leitungsunterbrechungen mittels eines einfachen Abschlusswiderstands stetig der Ruhezustand des Meldesystems ausgewertet wird, jedoch nicht der eigentlich relevante Meldefall.Ultimately, it was recognized that in the previous monitoring for creeping line interruptions by means of a simple termination resistance continuously the idle state of the reporting system is evaluated, but not the actually relevant reporting case.

Mit der Prüfsignaleinrichtung wird ein aktiver End-Of-Line-Schaltkreis und/oder ein Zwischenschaltkreis vorgeschlagen, der anstelle und/oder ergänzend eines einfachen Abschlusswiderstands installiert wird. Der Vorteil dieser Anordnung liegt darin, dass durch die Prüfsignaleinrichtung kurzzeitig ein relevanter Meldefall simuliert werden kann. Die Reaktion auf das Zuschalten des Referenzwiderstandes des Meldesystems in Form eines erhöhten Stroms kann durch die Auswerteeinrichtung aufgenommen und ausgewertet werden. Eine Erhöhung des schleichenden Leitungswiderstands führt zu einer Verringerung des Ruhestroms bzw. des erhöhten Stroms. Durch Vergleich des Stroms bei zugeschaltetem Referenzwiderstand mit einem vorgegebenen Wert und/oder mit dem Ruhestrom kann auf eine schleichende Leitungsunterbrechung geschlossen werden.With the test signal device, an active end-of-line circuit and / or an intermediate circuit is proposed, which is installed instead of and / or in addition to a simple terminating resistor. The advantage of this arrangement is that a relevant reporting case can be simulated by the test signal device for a short time. The reaction to the connection of the reference resistor of the reporting system in the form of an increased current can be recorded and evaluated by the evaluation device. An increase in the creeping line resistance leads to a reduction in the quiescent current or the increased current. By comparing the current when the reference resistor is switched on with a predetermined value and / or with the quiescent current, it is possible to conclude that there is a creeping line interruption.

Bei einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Prüfsignaleinrichtung zur temporären und/oder gepulsten Zuschaltung des Referenzwiderstands ausgebildet. Die Pulsdauer ist vorzugsweise kurz genug, um nicht als reale Meldung der Meldeeinrichtungen interpretiert zu werden. Beispielsweise ist die Pulsdauer, während der der Referenzwiderstand zugeschaltet ist, kleiner als 0,5 Sekunden, vorzugsweise kleiner als 0,25 Sekunden. Der Abstand der Zuschaltpulse ist vorzugsweise zeitlich äquidistant ausgebildet und kann so gewählt sein, dass der Referenzwiderstand in zeitlichen Abständen größer als eine Sekunde, vorzugsweise größer als 5 Sekunden und insbesondere größer als 10 Sekunden zugeschaltet wird. Eine regelmäßige Zuschaltung des Referenzwiderstands weist den Vorteil auf, dass bei Ausbleiben der Systemantwort auf eine vollständige Leitungsunterbrechung geschlossen werden kann.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the test signal device is designed for the temporary and / or pulsed connection of the reference resistor. The pulse duration is preferably short enough so as not to be interpreted as a real message of the reporting devices. For example, the pulse duration during which the reference resistor is switched on is less than 0.5 seconds, preferably less than 0.25 seconds. The pitch of the Zuschaltpulse is preferably formed equidistant in time and may be selected so that the reference resistance is switched in time intervals greater than one second, preferably greater than 5 seconds and in particular greater than 10 seconds. A regular connection of the reference resistor has the advantage that it can be concluded in the absence of the system response to a complete line interruption.

Bei einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung weist die Auswerteeinrichtung Mittel zur Unterscheidung zwischen der Systemantwort bei der Einkopplung des Referenzwiderstands und dem Auslösen einer Meldeeinrichtung auf. Diese Mittel können beispielsweise die zeitlichen Länge der Systemantwort beobachten, den zeitlichen Abstand der Systemantwort auswerten oder als Filter ausgebildet sein.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the evaluation device has means for distinguishing between the system response in the coupling of the reference resistor and the triggering of a reporting device. These means can, for example, observe the length of time of the system response, evaluate the time interval of the system response or be designed as a filter.

Bei einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist die Prüfsignaleinrichtung zur Messung der Spannung in den Versorgungsleitungen ausgebildet. Vorzugsweise umfasst die Prüfsignaleinrichtung eine programmtechnische und/oder schaltungstechnische Umsetzung, so dass bei Unterschreitung eines vorgegebenen oder vorgebbaren Spannungsbetrags der Referenzwiderstand abgeschaltet und/oder deaktiviert wird. Dieser Weiterbildung liegt die Überlegung zu Grunde, dass das Zuschalten des Referenzwiderstands in der Prüfsignaleinrichtung auch zu einer Unterschreitung der zulässigen Melderbetriebsspannung führen kann, zum Beispiel bei Leitungsschädigungen oder bei bereits vorhandenen Meldungen anderer Meldeeinrichtungen.In a development of the invention, the test signal device is designed to measure the voltage in the supply lines. Preferably, the test signal device comprises a program-technical and / or circuitry implementation, so that when falling below a predetermined or predetermined voltage amount of the reference resistor is turned off and / or disabled. This refinement is based on the consideration that the connection of the reference resistor in the test signal device can also lead to a fall below the permissible detector operating voltage, for example in the case of line damage or in the case of already existing messages from other signaling devices.

Wird der voreingestellte Spannungsbetrag unterschritten wird die Zuschaltung des Referenzwiderstands unterbunden und damit die Generierung von weiteren Systemantworten, insbesondere von weiteren Strompulsen, deaktiviert. Als Folge der Deaktivierung empfängt die Auswerteeinrichtung keine auf das Zuschalten des Referenzwiderstands zurückführbare Systemantwort des Meldesystems und kann dies als Störung oder Meldefall interpretieren.If the pre-set voltage amount is exceeded, the connection of the reference resistor is inhibited and thus the generation of further system responses, in particular of further current pulses, is deactivated. As a result of the deactivation, the evaluation device does not receive any system response of the signaling system that can be attributed to the connection of the reference resistor and can interpret this as a fault or reporting case.

Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Meldesystem mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 5, welche eine Mehrzahl von Meldeeinrichtungen, Versorgungsleitungen und eine Spannungsquelle umfasst, wobei die Meldeeinrichtungen mit der Spannungswelle über Versorgungsleitungen verschaltet sind und wobei die Meldeeinrichtung parallel zueinander und zu der Spannungsquelle verbunden sind. Das Meldesystem ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Überwachungsvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche bzw. wie zuvor beschrieben integriert ist.The invention also relates to a signaling system having the features of claim 5, which comprises a plurality of signaling devices, supply lines and a voltage source, wherein the signaling devices are connected to the voltage wave via supply lines and wherein the signaling device are connected in parallel to each other and to the voltage source. The reporting system is characterized in that a monitoring device according to one of the preceding claims or as previously described is integrated.

Bei einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die Meldeeinrichtungen als manuelle und/oder automatische Melder ausgebildet, welche bei Aktivierung einen Meldewiderstand zuschalten. Besonders bevorzugt ist der Wert des Referenzwiderstands gleich oder im Wesentlichen gleich zu dem Wert des Meldewiderstands. Durch diese Wahl kann der Meldefall besonders realitätsnah durch die Prüfsignaleinrichtung simuliert werden. Alternativ kann der Referenzwiderstand kleiner als der Meldewiderstand ausgebildet sein. Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform entspricht der Wert des Referenzwiderstands des gemeinsamen Widerstands von allen oder einigen, z.B. zwei oder drei, parallelgeschalteten Meldewiderständen. Diese Ausführungsform berücksichtigt, dass im Meldefall mehr als ein Meldewiderstand R1, R2 ... aktiviert werden könnte, so dass der zugeschaltete Gesamtwiderstand Rgesamt in der Leitung sich nach der Formel 1/Rgesamt = (1/R1)+(1/R2)... ergibt und der Referenzwidersand an diesen gegenüber dem Meldewiderstand verringerten Gesamtwiderstand angepasst wird.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the signaling devices are designed as manual and / or automatic detectors, which switch on a reporting resistance when activated. Particularly preferably, the value of the reference resistor is equal to or substantially equal to the value of the reporting resistor. By this choice, the reporting case can be simulated particularly realistic by the Prüfsignaleinrichtung. Alternatively, the reference resistance may be smaller than the reporting resistance. In another preferred embodiment, the value of the reference resistance of the common resistance is equal to all or some, e.g. two or three, parallel reporting resistors. This embodiment takes into account that more than one reporting resistor R1, R2 ... could be activated in the event of a report, so that the total connected resistance Rtotal in the line is given by the formula 1 / Rtotal = (1 / R1) + (1 / R2). .. and the reference resistance is adjusted to this compared to the reporting resistance reduced total resistance.

Bei einer möglichen konstruktiven Ausführungsform ist die Prüfsignaleinrichtung als eine separate Baugruppe, beispielsweise in einem Gehäuse eingeschlossen, ausgebildet. Bei einer anderen konstruktiven Ausführungsform ist die Prüfsignaleinrichtung in einer Meldeeinrichtung integriert und/oder mit dieser signaltechnisch derart verkoppelt, dass als Referenzwiderstand der Meldewiderstand der Meldeeinrichtung zugeschaltet wird.In one possible constructional embodiment, the test signal device is embodied as a separate module, for example enclosed in a housing. In another constructive embodiment, the test signal device is integrated in a signaling device and / or signal technology coupled with it in such a way that is connected as a reference resistor of the reporting resistance of the signaling device.

Eine ergänzende oder alternative konstruktive Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass die Spannungsquelle und die Prüfsignaleinrichtung in einer Meldezentrale gemeinsam integriert sind. Diese Ausführungsform erlaubt es, dass das Meldesystem mit wenigen Komponenten in ein Gebäude oder dergleichen integriert werden kann. Die Meldezentrale kann auch mehrere Zweige von Versorgungsleitungen kontaktieren, wobei jeder Zweig als eine Zweidrahtleitung ausgebildet ist und vorzugsweise separat zueinander ausgewertet wird. Sowohl die Prüfsignaleinrichtung als auch die Auswerteeinrichtung kann unter Verwendung einer starren Schaltung und/oder analog ausgebildet sein. Bei anderen Ausführunosformen umfasst eine oder beide Einrichtungen eine Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung, insbesondere einen Microcontroller, wobei Parameter der Überwachungsvorrichtung, wie zum Beispiel Pulsdauer der Zuschaltung, Grenzwerte für Strom oder Spannung, in einfacher Weise eingegeben werden können.A supplementary or alternative structural embodiment provides that the voltage source and the test signal device are integrated together in a message center. This embodiment allows the notification system to be integrated with few components in a building or the like. The message center can also contact several branches of supply lines, each branch being designed as a two-wire line and preferably separately is evaluated to each other. Both the test signal device and the evaluation device can be designed using a rigid circuit and / or analog. In other Ausführunosformen one or both devices comprises a data processing device, in particular a microcontroller, wherein parameters of the monitoring device, such as pulse duration of the connection, limits for current or voltage can be entered in a simple manner.

Ein letzter Gegenstand der Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Überprüfung der Funktionsfähigkeit eines Meldesystems mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 11, wobei das Meldesystem vorzugsweise nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche ausgebildet ist, wobei ein Referenzwiderstand als Abschlusswiderstand und/oder parallel zu einem bzw. dem Abschlusswiderstand temporär und/oder gepulst zugeschaltet wird, wobei der Stromfluss im Bereich der Spannungsquelle gemessen wird und wobei durch einen Vergleich des Stromflusswertes bei zugeschaltetem Referenzwiderstand mit einem vorgegebenen Grenzwert auf die Funktionsfähigkeit des Meldesystems geschlossen wird.A final object of the invention relates to a method for checking the functionality of a message system having the features of claim 11, wherein the message system is preferably formed according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a reference resistor as a terminating resistor and / or in parallel to one or the terminating resistor temporarily and / or pulsed is switched on, wherein the current flow is measured in the region of the voltage source and being closed by a comparison of the current flow value with switched reference resistor with a predetermined limit on the functioning of the reporting system.

Die Strommessung erfolgt vorzugsweise über die Verwendung eines Mess-Shunts, Bei einer bevorzugten Ausfiihrungsform ist die zeitliche Dauer des Zuschaltens des Referenzwiderstands kürzer als die Signaldauer einer ausgelösten Meldereinrichtung.The current measurement is preferably carried out via the use of a measuring shunt. In a preferred embodiment, the duration of the connection of the reference resistor is shorter than the signal duration of a triggered signaling device.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Weitere Merkmale, Vorteile und Wirkungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfmdung. Dabei zeigen:

Figur 1
ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung;
Figur 2
einen Detailausschnitt des Blockschaltbilds in Figur 1 im Bereich einer Prüfsignaleinrichtung;
Figur 3
einen schematischen Graph zur Illustration der Funktionsweise des Ausführungsbeispiels.
Further features, advantages and effects of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the Erfmdung. Showing:
FIG. 1
a schematic block diagram of a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2
a detail of the block diagram in FIG. 1 in the range of a test signal device;
FIG. 3
a schematic graph illustrating the operation of the embodiment.

Ausführungsform(en) der ErfindungEmbodiment (s) of the invention

Die Figur 1 zeigt in einem schematischen Blockschaltbild ein Meldesystem 1 als ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, welches beispielsweise als Brandmeldesystem oder Alarmanlage ausgebildet ist.The FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a reporting system 1 as an embodiment of the invention, which is designed for example as a fire alarm system or alarm system.

Das Meldesystem 1 umfasst eine Zentrale 2 in der eine Gleichspannungsquelle (nicht gezeigt) angeordnet ist. Über Versorgungsleitungen 3 sind eine Mehrzahl von Meldeeinrichtungen 4 mit der Zentrale 2 bzw. mit der Gleichspannungsquelle verbunden, wobei die Meldeeinrichtungen 4 zueinander in Parallelschaltung angeordnet sind. Die Versorgungsleitungen 3 sind vorzugsweise als Zweidrahtleitung ausgebildet, wobei die Zweidrahtleitung sowohl die Spannungsversorgung als auch die Signalübertragung sicherstellt. Die Meldeeinrichtungen 4 können beispielsweise als Handmelder, Feuermelder, automatische Melder, Bewegungsmelder, etc. ausgebildet sein. Bei Aktivierung einer der Meldeeinrichtungen 4 wird ein Schalter 5 oder ein äquivalentes Bauteil geschlossen, so dass zwischen den Versorgungsleitungen 3 ein Meldewiderstand Ra geschaltet wird. Mit der Bezugsziffer 6 ist eine Signalprüfungseinrichtung bezeichnet, welche in dem Schaltplan gegenüberliegend zur Zentrale 2 an dem Ende der Versorgungsleitungen 3 als Abschluss angeordnet ist. In anderen Meldesystemen 1 ist statt der Prüfsignaleinrichtung 6 ein Abschlusswiderstand angeordnet. Die Funktionsweise des Meldesystems 1 beruht darauf, dass im Meldefall eine oder mehrere der Meldeeinrichtungen 4 den Schalter 5 schließen, so dass der Meldewiderstand Ra zugeschaltet wird. Durch das Zuschalten wird ein Stromfluss durch die Versorgungsleitungen 3 generiert bzw. erhöht, welcher durch geeignete Mittel in der Zentrale 2 detektiert und als Meldung interpretiert wird. Über eine oder mehrere Schnittstellen 7 kann dann eine Meldung abgesetzt werden.The reporting system 1 comprises a center 2 in which a DC voltage source (not shown) is arranged. Via supply lines 3, a plurality of signaling devices 4 are connected to the center 2 or to the DC voltage source, wherein the signaling devices 4 are arranged in parallel to each other. The supply lines 3 are preferably designed as a two-wire line, wherein the two-wire line ensures both the power supply and the signal transmission. The signaling devices 4 can be designed, for example, as manual detectors, fire detectors, automatic detectors, motion detectors, etc. Upon activation of one of the signaling devices 4, a switch 5 or an equivalent component is closed, so that a reporting resistor Ra is connected between the supply lines 3. The reference numeral 6 denotes a signal testing device which is arranged in the circuit diagram opposite to the center 2 at the end of the supply lines 3 as a conclusion. In other reporting systems 1, a terminating resistor is arranged instead of the test signal device 6. The functioning of the reporting system 1 is based on the fact that one or more of the signaling devices 4 close the switch 5 in the reporting case, so that the reporting resistor Ra is switched on. By connecting a current flow is generated or increased by the supply lines 3, which is detected by suitable means in the center 2 and interpreted as a message. A message can then be sent via one or more interfaces 7.

Im Betrieb kann es zu so genannten schleichenden Leitungsunterbrechungen kommen, welche durch nicht vollständige Kabelbrüche oder sich langsam entwickelnde Erhöhung von Übergangswiderständen erzeugt werden. Eine derartige schleichende Leitungsunterbrechung ist in dem Blockschaltbild durch den Widerstand Ri stellvertretend dargestellt, welcher seriell in den Versorgungsleitungen 3 eingebunden ist.In operation, so-called creeping line interruptions can occur, which are caused by incomplete cable breaks or slowly developing increase in contact resistance. Such a creeping line interruption is shown in the block diagram by the resistor Ri representatively, which is serially integrated into the supply lines 3.

Zur Detektierung der Funktionsfähigkeit des Meldesystems 1 und insbesondere von schleichenden Leitungsunterbrechungen wie den Widerstand Ri ist die Prüfsignaleinrichtung 6 ausgebildet, in vorzugsweise zeitlich regelmäßigen Abständen einen Referenzwiderstand R parallel zu den Meldeeinrichtungen 4 in die Versorgungsleitungen 3 einzuschalten.To detect the functionality of the reporting system 1 and in particular of creeping line interruptions such as the resistor Ri is the Test signal device 6 is formed, preferably at regular intervals a reference resistor R parallel to the signaling devices 4 in the supply lines 3 turn.

Die Figur 2 zeigt die Prüfsignaleinrichtung 6 in einer etwas detaillierten Darstellung, wobei zu erkennen ist, dass über eine Schaltvorrichtung 8 der Referenzwiderstand R parallel zu den Versorgungsleitungen 3 zuschaltbar ist. Die Schalteinrichtung 8 wird beispielsweise durch einen Pulsgenerator 9 zugeschaltet bzw. aktiviert. Die Prüfsignalvorrichtung 6 koppelt in die Versorgungsleitungen 3 mit dem Referenzwiderstand R nur ein passives Element ein.The FIG. 2 shows the test signal device 6 in a somewhat detailed representation, it being recognized that via a switching device 8, the reference resistor R is connected in parallel to the supply lines 3. The switching device 8 is switched on or activated, for example, by a pulse generator 9. The test signal device 6 couples into the supply lines 3 with the reference resistor R only one passive element.

Die Figur 3 zeigt einen Graph über den zeitlichen Verlauf des Stroms I in den Versorgungsleitungen 3 durch eine Auswerteeinrichtung 10, welche in der Zentrale 2 integriert oder als separate Baueinheit ausgebildet ist, wobei der Strom I über die Zeit t aufgetragen ist. Ohne die Zuschaltung des Referenzwiderstands R fließt ein Strom 10, welcher - für den Fall, dass alle Meldeeinrichtungen 4 geöffnet sind - Null oder einem Ruhestromwert entspricht. Bei dem zeitweiligen Zuschalten des Referenzwiderstands R entstehen Stromspitzen 11, wobei jede Stromspitze 11 einem Zuschalten des Referenzwiderstands R zugeordnet ist. Die Pulsdauer deltat der Pulsspitzen entspricht in etwa der Zuschaltdauer des Referenzwiderstands R und beträgt circa 250 ms. In der Auswerteeinrichtung 10 wird geprüft, ob die Amplitude und/oder der Betrag der Pulsspitzen 11 einen Referenzwert Is übersteigt. Ist dies der Fall, so wird auf einen ausreichend kleinen Widerstand RI als schleichende Leitungsunterbrechung geschlossen. Sollte die Amplitude und/oder der Betrag der Pulsspitzen 11 unterhalb dieses vorgegebenen oder vorgebbaren Wertes liegen, so wird von einer schleichenden Leitungsunterbrechung oder einer anderen Funktionsstörung ausgegangen und ein Störungssignal an die Schnittstellen 7 abgesetzt. Die Pulsdauer deltat ist so gewählt, dass die Auswerteeinrichtung 10 die Systemantwort von einem Aktivieren einer Meldeeinrichtung 4 im Meldefall deutlich unterscheiden kann.The FIG. 3 shows a graph over the time course of the current I in the supply lines 3 by an evaluation device 10, which is integrated in the center 2 or formed as a separate unit, wherein the current I is plotted over the time t. Without the connection of the reference resistor R, a current flows, which corresponds to zero or a quiescent current value in the case where all the signaling devices 4 are open. With the temporary connection of the reference resistor R, current peaks 11 occur, each current peak 11 being associated with a connection of the reference resistor R. The pulse duration deltat of the pulse peaks corresponds approximately to the turn-on duration of the reference resistor R and is approximately 250 ms. In the evaluation device 10, it is checked whether the amplitude and / or the magnitude of the pulse peaks 11 exceeds a reference value Is. If this is the case, then a sufficiently small resistance RI is concluded as a gradual line interruption. If the amplitude and / or the magnitude of the pulse peaks 11 are below this predetermined or predefinable value, then a creeping line interruption or another malfunction is assumed and a fault signal is sent to the interfaces 7. The pulse duration deltat is selected so that the evaluation device 10 can clearly distinguish the system response from activating a message device 4 in the event of a report.

Der Referenzwiderstand R ist vorzugsweise gleich oder ähnlich groß wie einer der Meldewiderstände Ra gewählt, so dass mit dem Zuschalten des Referenzwiderstands R ein Alarmfall simuliert wird. Würde aufgrund eines erhöhten Leitungswiderstandes Ri die Spannung im Alarmfall eine zulässige oder benötigte Melderbetriebsspannung unterschreiten, führt dies bereits bei der Zuschaltung des Referenzwiderstands R im simulierten Alarmfall zu einer Unterschreitung eines zuvor berechneten Mindestwerts der Strompulse IS, so dass durch Auswertung der Strompulse eine schleichende Leitungsunterbrechung rechtzeitig erkannt und als Störung angezeigt werden kann.The reference resistor R is preferably the same or similar in size to one of the reporting resistors Ra, so that when the reference resistor R is connected, an alarm case is simulated. If, due to an increased line resistance Ri, the voltage would fall below a permissible or required detector operating voltage in the event of an alarm, this already results when the reference resistor R in is connected simulated alarm case falls below a previously calculated minimum value of the current pulses IS, so that by evaluating the current pulses a creeping line interruption can be detected in good time and displayed as a fault.

Optional ergänzend weist die Prüfsignalvorrichtung 6 eine Spannungsüberwachung 12 auf, welche zur Überwachung der angelegten Spannung in den Versorgungsleitungen 3 ausgebildet und/oder verschaltet ist. Die Spannungsüberwachung 12 ist an dem der Spannungsquelle gegenüberliegenden Ende der Versorgungsleitungen 3 angeordnet. Die Spannungsüberwachung 12 sichert den Fall ab, dass bei Zuschaltung des Referenzwiderstand R eine zulässige Meldebetriebsspannung unterschritten wird, zum Beispiel bei bereits vorhandenem Alarmfall. Wird eine voreingestellte Mindestspannung unterschritten, wird als Reaktion das periodische Zuschalten der Schalteinrichtung 8 bzw. des Referenzwiderstands R deaktiviert, so dass keine weiteren Strompulse erzeugt werden. Die Auswerteeinrichtung 10 ist anhand der fehlenden, charakteristischen Stromimpulse 11 in der Lage auf entweder eine Leitungsunterbrechung oder einer Unterschreitung der voreingestellten Mindestspannung zu schließen und kann dieses Ergebnis als Meldung an den Schnittstellen 7 ausgeben.Optionally additionally, the test signal device 6 has a voltage monitor 12, which is designed and / or connected for monitoring the applied voltage in the supply lines 3. The voltage monitor 12 is disposed at the opposite end of the power source 3 supply voltage. The voltage monitoring 12 secures the case that, when the reference resistor R is connected, an admissible signaling operating voltage is undershot, for example in the case of an already existing alarm case. If a preset minimum voltage is exceeded, the periodic connection of the switching device 8 or the reference resistor R is deactivated as a reaction, so that no further current pulses are generated. The evaluation device 10 is on the basis of the missing, characteristic current pulses 11 able to close either a line interruption or a shortfall of the preset minimum voltage and can output this result as a message at the interfaces 7.

Die Prüfsignaleinrichtung 6 ist als ein End-Off-Line-Schaltkreis ausgebildet und kann beispielsweise bei konventionellen Brandmeldesystemen eingesetzt werden, um die erweiterten Anforderungen aus dem Standards DIN EN 54-2 und DIN EN 54-13 zu erfüllen.The test signal device 6 is designed as an end-off-line circuit and can be used for example in conventional fire alarm systems to meet the extended requirements of the standards DIN EN 54-2 and DIN EN 54-13.

Claims (12)

  1. Monitoring apparatus (6, 10) for monitoring the operation of a reporting system (1),
    wherein the reporting system (1) has a plurality of reporting devices (4) and/or signalling devices, supply lines (3) and a voltage source, wherein the reporting devices (4) and/or signalling devices are connected up to the voltage source by means of the supply lines (3) and wherein the reporting devices (4) and/or signalling devices are connected in parallel with one another and with the voltage source,
    wherein the monitoring apparatus (6, 10) comprises a test signal device (6) which is designed to connect a reference resistor (R) into the supply lines (3) in parallel with the reporting devices (4) or signalling devices and/or which is designed to connect a or the reference resistor (R) as a termination for the supply lines (3), and having an evaluation device (10) for detecting and evaluating the system response of the reporting system (1) to the connection of the reference resistor (R),
    characterized in that the monitoring apparatus (6, 10) is designed such that the connection of the reference resistor (R) simulates a reporting situation.
  2. Monitoring apparatus (6, 10) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the test signal device (6) is designed for the pulsed connection of the reference resistor (R).
  3. Monitoring apparatus (6, 10) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the evaluation device (10) has means for distinguishing between the system response when the reference resistor (R) is connected and the triggering of a reporting device (4).
  4. Monitoring apparatus (6, 10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the test signal device (6) is designed to measure the voltage in the supply lines (3) and is designed by means of programming and/or circuitry to disconnect and/or deactivate the reference resistor (R) in the event of a drop below a voltage modulus.
  5. Reporting system (1) having a plurality of reporting devices (4) and/or signalling devices, supply lines (3) and a voltage source, wherein the reporting devices (4) or signalling devices are connected up to the voltage source by means of supply lines (3) and wherein the reporting devices (4) or signalling devices are connected in parallel with one another and with the voltage source,
    characterized by
    a monitoring apparatus (6, 10) according to one of the preceding claims.
  6. Reporting system (1) according to Claim 5, characterized in that the supply lines (3) are in the form of two-wire lines and/or the voltage source is in the form of a DC voltage source.
  7. Reporting system (1) according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the reporting devices (4) are in the form of manual and/or automatic alarm units which connect a reporting resistor (Ra) upon activation.
  8. Reporting system (1) according to Claim 7, characterized in that the reference resistor (R) has the same resistance or a resistance in the same order of magnitude as one of the reporting resistors (Ra).
  9. Reporting system (1) according to Claim 7, characterized in that the reference resistor (R) is in the form of a reporting resistor (Ra) in one of the reporting devices (4).
  10. Reporting system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the voltage source and the monitoring device are integrated in a reporting control centre (2).
  11. Method for checking the functional condition of a reporting system (1), wherein the reporting system (1) has a plurality of reporting devices (4) and/or signalling devices, supply lines (3) and a voltage source, wherein the reporting devices (4) or signalling devices are connected up to the voltage source by means of the supply lines (3) and wherein the reporting devices (4) or signalling devices are connected in parallel with one another and with the voltage source, preferably according to one of the preceding claims,
    wherein a reference resistor (R) is connected temporarily and/or in pulsed fashion as a terminating resistor and/or in parallel with a terminating resistor,
    wherein the flow of current (I) in the region of the voltage source is measured and wherein a comparison of the current flow value (I) when the reference resistor (R) is connected with a prescribed limit value (Is) infers the functional condition of the reporting system (1).
  12. Method according to Claim 11, characterized in that the period of time (deltat) for which the reference resistor (R) is connected is shorter than the signal duration of a triggered reporting device (4).
EP08874097A 2008-04-28 2008-11-24 Monitoring device for functionally monitoring a reporting system reporting system and method for monitoring Active EP2277154B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008001428A DE102008001428A1 (en) 2008-04-28 2008-04-28 Monitoring device for monitoring the function of a reporting system, reporting system and method for monitoring
PCT/EP2008/066085 WO2009132717A1 (en) 2008-04-28 2008-11-24 Monitoring device for functionally monitoring a reporting system reporting system and method for monitoring

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EP2277154A1 EP2277154A1 (en) 2011-01-26
EP2277154B1 true EP2277154B1 (en) 2012-10-17

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EP (1) EP2277154B1 (en)
CN (1) CN102016946B (en)
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WO (1) WO2009132717A1 (en)

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DE102012200945A1 (en) 2011-02-02 2012-08-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Monitoring device for monitoring function of reporting system in e.g. home, has notification unit that is connected to main display unit for displaying normal and/or alarm condition of notification unit
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EP2277154A1 (en) 2011-01-26
WO2009132717A1 (en) 2009-11-05
US8456315B2 (en) 2013-06-04
DE102008001428A1 (en) 2009-10-29
CN102016946B (en) 2014-12-17
CN102016946A (en) 2011-04-13
US20110050440A1 (en) 2011-03-03

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