EP2271836B1 - Fuel injection system having an unrestricted fuel supply to the injectors - Google Patents
Fuel injection system having an unrestricted fuel supply to the injectors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2271836B1 EP2271836B1 EP09737922A EP09737922A EP2271836B1 EP 2271836 B1 EP2271836 B1 EP 2271836B1 EP 09737922 A EP09737922 A EP 09737922A EP 09737922 A EP09737922 A EP 09737922A EP 2271836 B1 EP2271836 B1 EP 2271836B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- injection system
- fuel injection
- injector
- fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 67
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims description 60
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims description 60
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
- F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
- F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
- F02M61/10—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type
- F02M61/12—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type characterised by the provision of guiding or centring means for valve bodies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine, in particular in a motor vehicle, having the features of the preamble of claim 1, such as in the documents EP 1873 393 or WO 2008/015039 disclosed.
- an injector which has an at least one injection hole injector body which contains a communicating with the at least one injection hole storage space for fuel.
- a nozzle needle is arranged, which has at one end a needle tip for controlling a fuel injection through the at least one injection hole and the other end has a control piston.
- an annular inlet space is arranged, which is bounded radially outside of the injector body and radially inward of the bearing sleeve, wherein an injector extending in the inlet passage is provided, which opens one end in the inlet space and the other end is connected to the fuel at a high pressure providing fuel supply ,
- At least one inlet throttle connects the inlet space throttled with the control room.
- the inlet space to the storage space is open or the supply space is in the storage space. As a result, inlet chamber and storage space are connected to each other unthrottled.
- the fuel injection system according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the opposite advantage that the inlet channel is unthrottled connected to the high pressure source of the fuel supply. As a result, interactions that arise through a rail throttle can be avoided. Due to the construction according to the invention can thus be dispensed with the rail throttle.
- the on-off channel in the installed state of the injector unthrottled to the fuel supply or with their high-pressure source or high-pressure line or accumulator connected.
- the term "unthrottled” describes the fact that the inlet channel is connected without specific throttle point to the fuel supply, so that at the inlet channel of the high pressure is applied even in dynamic processes. In particular, the narrowest flow-through cross section in the path from the high pressure source to the inlet channel in the inlet channel itself.
- the inlet channel throttled communicates with the storage space.
- This is achieved by at least one closing throttle, over which the inlet channel is connected to the storage space.
- at least one closing throttle By using at least one such closing throttle, pressure oscillations or pressure waves are transmitted only attenuated from the storage space into the inlet channel, whereby adverse interactions between the respective injector and the fuel supply can be reduced in addition to the damping effect of the large storage space.
- On the other hand can be dispensed with by the use of at least one such closing throttle without significant disadvantage to a rail throttle.
- the vote of the respective injector on the fuel injection system can then take place via the at least one closing throttle. As a result, the vote is greatly simplified.
- the injector according to the invention makes it possible to carry out injection processes with increased precision with regard to injection quantity and injection times.
- the injector has a fuel port communicating with the storage space, to which a fuel supply providing the fuel under a high pressure can be connected.
- an annular inlet space is provided, which is bounded radially on the outside of the injector body and radially inward of the bearing sleeve.
- the aforementioned fuel connection opens in the inlet space.
- it can have a feed channel extending in the injector body.
- the injector has at least one inlet throttle, which throttles the inlet chamber with the control chamber.
- the injector has at least one closing throttle, which connects the inlet space with the storage space. As a result, the inlet space communicates more or less throttled with the storage space.
- At least one such closing throttle pressure oscillations or pressure waves are transmitted only attenuated from the storage space into the inlet space, whereby adverse interactions between the respective injector and the fuel supply can be reduced in addition to the damping effect of the large storage space.
- Raildrossel the tuning of such a Raildrossel is only comparatively coarse possible, which affects the precision of injection operations in terms of injection quantity and injection time.
- rail throttle is derived from the term “common rail system”, which is present when several such injectors are connected to the same fuel supply, whose Rail is formed by a common high-pressure fuel line.
- the inlet space is separated from the storage space by means of at least one sealing element.
- the at least one closing throttle surrounds the at least one sealing element.
- Embodiments of the fuel injection system according to the invention are shown in the drawing and are explained in more detail below.
- FIG. 1 shows a greatly simplified schematic longitudinal section through an injector of a fuel injection system.
- an injector 1 includes an injector body 2 that may be assembled from a plurality of separate sections 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d, for example.
- the injector body 2 has at least one injection hole 4, through which an injection of fuel into an injection space 5 can be carried out. If a plurality of spray holes 4 are provided, their arrangement is expediently star-shaped with respect to a longitudinal center axis of the injector 1.
- the injector body 2 contains a storage space 6 which communicates with the at least one injection hole 4.
- the injector body 2 has an inlet channel 7 which extends in the injector body 2 and to which a fuel supply 8 is connected in the installed state shown.
- the fuel supply 8 provides in the operation of the injector 1 under a high pressure fuel available, which is injectable by means of the injector 1 in the spray chamber 5.
- the fuel supply 8 has a high-pressure line 9, which also serves as a high-pressure source or as an accumulator.
- the high-pressure line 9 is connected on the output side via a supply line 10 to the inlet channel 7 of the respective injector 1.
- a plurality of injectors 1 are connected via separate supply lines 10 to a common high-pressure line 9.
- the high pressure line 9 is connected on the input side via a supply line 11 to a high pressure fuel pump, not shown here.
- the fuel supply 8 as well as the respective injector 1 form part of a fuel injection system 41 of an internal combustion engine, which is otherwise not shown, which can be arranged in particular in a motor vehicle.
- the injector 1 has a nozzle needle 12, which is arranged for this purpose in the storage space 6 in a stroke-adjustable manner.
- the nozzle needle 12 is arranged in the storage chamber 6 so that it is enveloped by the storage space 6 substantially over its entire axial length and quasi floats in the fuel.
- the nozzle needle 12 has at a the at least one injection port 4 facing the end of a needle tip 13, by means of which a fuel injection through the at least one spray hole 4 is controllable.
- the nozzle needle 12 has a control piston 14 which has a control surface 15 on a side remote from the needle tip 13.
- a so-called "long needle” which may have, for example, a length of 100 mm or more. It is made of one piece or consists of a solid composite of several needle parts, which are connected to each other in a suitable manner.
- the control piston 14 With its control surface 15, the control piston 14 axially delimits a control chamber 16 which is enclosed or bounded radially by a bearing sleeve 17 is.
- the control piston 14 is arranged axially displaceable in this bearing sleeve 17.
- a control device 18 is provided in order to control the pressure in the control chamber 16.
- This control device 18 is arranged in the area of the control piston 14 in the injector body 2.
- the control device 18 here has an electromagnetically operating control valve 19.
- This has in a low-pressure chamber 20, a valve member 21 which is actuated by means of an electromagnet 22 for carrying out an opening stroke and which is driven by means of a return spring 23 in a closed position.
- the valve member 21 controls a throttled connection opening 24, which connects the control chamber 16 with the low-pressure chamber 20.
- the connection opening 24 is formed in a plate body 25 which separates a needle region of the injector body 2 containing the nozzle needle 12 from a control region containing the control device 18.
- the low-pressure space 20 communicates via a low-pressure connection 26 with a comparatively pressure-free return.
- the low-pressure chamber 20 is supplied via a leakage in the region of the plate body 25 between the needle region and the control region of the injector body 2.
- a tolerable amount of leakage enters an annular space 27, which surrounds the control device 18 and the at least one bore 28 with the low-pressure chamber 20th communicates.
- the bearing sleeve 17 can be supported axially on the plate body 25 without being attached thereto. Likewise, the bearing sleeve 17 may be attached to the plate body 25. Also, the plate body 25 may be integrally formed with the bearing sleeve 17.
- control device 18 in principle also another construction can be realized, for example with a piezoelectric actuator.
- annular inlet chamber 29 is formed in the injector body 2. This is bounded radially on the outside by the injector body 2 and radially inward by the bearing body 17. In the axial direction of the feed chamber 29 is bounded on the one hand by the plate body 25 and on the other hand by an annular sealing element 30. In this inlet chamber 29, the inlet channel 7 opens. As a result, the inlet space 29 is coupled directly to the fuel supply 8 or to the high-pressure line 9. In particular, this coupling can be realized essentially unthrottled. In the consequence prevails in the Inlet chamber 29, even in highly dynamic processes substantially always the high pressure of the high pressure line 9.
- the injector 1 also has at least one inlet throttle 31. This creates a throttled connection between the inlet chamber 29 and the control chamber 16.
- the injector 1 has at least one closing throttle 32, which connects the inlet chamber 29 with the storage chamber 6.
- the closing throttle 32 bypasses the sealing element 30 in a suitable manner.
- the closing throttle 32 passes through the bearing sleeve 17, in particular in the radial direction.
- an annular space 33 is formed in the bearing sleeve 17 at a side applied by the control chamber 16 side of the control piston 14.
- This annular space 33 is realized, for example, by virtue of the fact that the control piston 14 has a larger diameter than the adjoining body of the nozzle needle 12.
- the annular space 33 is open to the storage space 6, so that ultimately the supply space 29 via the closing throttle 32 and via the annular space 33 is connected to the memory space 6.
- Said annular space 33 is limited in the axial direction on the one hand by the control piston 14 and on the other hand open. In the radial direction, the annular space 33 is bounded on the outside by the bearing sleeve 17 and inside by the nozzle needle 12.
- a closing compression spring 34 is provided. This is in the example on the one hand in an axial end face of the bearing sleeve 17 and on the other hand axially supported on a collar 35, wherein the collar 35 is formed or fixed to the nozzle needle 12.
- the injector 1 has a centering sleeve 36. This is mounted axially adjustable on the needle tip 13.
- the centering sleeve 36 is supported axially on the one hand on the injector body 2 and on the other hand via an opening pressure spring 37 on the nozzle needle 12, for which purpose it has a further collar 38.
- the needle tip 13 is arranged axially displaced in the centering sleeve 36.
- the centering sleeve 36 realizes a centering of the needle tip 13 relative to a needle seat 39 which is formed in the injector body 2.
- the centering sleeve 36 may have at least one transverse bore 40.
- the throttle effect is considerably smaller than the throttling effect of the inlet throttle 31, on the one hand ensures that pressure waves that arise when opening and closing the nozzle needle 12 in the storage space 6, only steamed or throttled get to the inlet chamber 29 and Accordingly, only steamed get to the fuel supply 8.
- the already provided by the relatively large volume memory space 6 damping effect is additionally strengthened.
- the fine-tuning of the respective injector 1 with the fuel injection system can be realized via the at least one closing throttle 32. This fine-tuning can be performed more accurately than is possible in conjunction with a rail throttle.
- injection processes, in particular with multiple injections can be realized with increased precision with regard to injection duration and injection quantity.
- the injector 1 works as follows:
- the control device 18 To carry out an injection of fuel, the control device 18 is driven accordingly. As a result, the solenoid 22 attracts the valve member 21 against the biasing force of the return spring 23, thereby opening the communication port 24. As a result, the pressure in the control chamber 16 drops. Consequently, the hydraulic forces acting in the closing direction on the nozzle needle 12, via the control surface 15, also decrease. Once in the opening direction at the Nozzle needle 12 predominate effective hydraulic forces, lifts them with their needle tip 13 from the needle seat 39 from. Subsequently, fuel can enter under high pressure from the storage space 6 through the injection holes 4 in the injection chamber 5. To end the injection process, the control device 18 is actuated to close the control valve 19. For this purpose, the energization of the electromagnet 22 is stopped.
- the return spring 23 can drive the valve member 21 to close the communication hole 24.
- About the inlet throttle 31 can in the control chamber 16 again build the high pressure and the control piston 15 and thus the nozzle needle 12 with its needle tip 13 in the needle seat 39 via the control surface 15 cinfahren. This closing movement is supported by the closing compression spring 34.
- the throttling action of the closing throttle 32 is comparatively small, as a result of which sufficient fuel can always flow in to realize the desired injection process. On the other hand, this makes it possible to realize rapid closing operations with high needle speeds.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere in einem Kraftfahrzeug, mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1, wie z.B. in den Dokumenten
Aus der
Die Bereitstellung eines derartigen Speicherraums innerhalb des Injektorkörpers führt zu einer Reduzierung von Druckwellen zwischen dem Injektor und der Kraftstoffversorgung, an welche der Injektor angeschlossen ist. Durch die Reduzierung der Wechselwirkung zwischen Kraftstoffversorgung und Injektor lassen sich die Einspritzvorgänge präziser realisieren. Insbesondere bei Mehrfacheinspritzungen lässt sich die Ausbreitung von Druckwellen zur Kraftstoffversorgung effektiv dämpfen.The provision of such storage space within the injector body results in a reduction of pressure waves between the injector and the fuel supply to which the injector is connected. By reducing the interaction between the fuel supply and the injector injections can be realized more precisely. In particular with multiple injections, the propagation of pressure waves to the fuel supply can be effectively damped.
Um einen derartigen Injektor innerhalb der Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage abstimmen zu können, ist es bei herkömmlichen Kraftstoffeinspritzanlagen erforderlich, den Zulaufkanal bzw. die Verbindung zwischen Injektor und Kraftstoffversorgung zu drosseln, was mittels einer sogenannten Raildrossel erfolgt. Die Abstimmung einer derartigen Raildrossel ist jedoch nur vergleichsweise grob möglich, was die Präzision der Einspritzvorgänge hinsichtlich Einspritzmenge und Einspritzzeit beeinträchtigt. Der Begriff "Raildrossel" leitet sich vom Begriff "Common-Rail-System" ab, das vorliegt, wenn mehrere derartige Injektoren an die gleiche Kraftstoffversorgung angeschlossen sind, deren "Rail" durch eine gemeinsame Kraftstoffhochdruckleitung gebildet ist, die als Hochdruckquelle dient.In order to be able to tune such an injector within the fuel injection system, it is necessary in conventional fuel injection systems, to throttle the inlet channel or the connection between the injector and the fuel supply, which takes place by means of a so-called Raildrossel. However, the tuning of such a Raildrossel is only comparatively coarse possible, which affects the precision of injection operations in terms of injection quantity and injection time. The term "rail throttle" is derived from the term "common rail system", which is present when several such injectors are connected to the same fuel supply, the "rail" is formed by a common high-pressure fuel line, which serves as a high pressure source.
Die erfindungsgemäße Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 hat dem gegenüber den Vorteil, dass der Zulaufkanal ungedrosselt mit der Hochdruckquelle der Kraftstoffversorgung verbunden ist. Hierdurch können Wechselwirkungen, die durch eine Raildrossel entstehen, vermieden werden. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Bauweise kann somit auf die Raildrossel verzichtet werden. Hierzu ist entsprechend der Zutaufkanal im Einbauzustand des Injektors ungedrosselt mit der Kraftstoffversorgung bzw. mit deren Hochdruckquelle oder Hochdruckleitung oder Druckspeicher verbunden. Der Begriff "ungedrosselt" umschreibt dabei den Umstand, dass der Zulaufkanal ohne gezielte Drosselstelle an die Kraftstoffversorgung angeschlossen ist, so dass am Zulaufkanal der Hochdruck auch bei dynamischen Vorgängen anliegt. Insbesondere liegt der engste durchströmbare Querschnitt im Pfad von der Hochdruckquelle zum Zulaufkanal im Zulaufkanal selbst.The fuel injection system according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the opposite advantage that the inlet channel is unthrottled connected to the high pressure source of the fuel supply. As a result, interactions that arise through a rail throttle can be avoided. Due to the construction according to the invention can thus be dispensed with the rail throttle. For this purpose, according to the on-off channel in the installed state of the injector unthrottled to the fuel supply or with their high-pressure source or high-pressure line or accumulator connected. The term "unthrottled" describes the fact that the inlet channel is connected without specific throttle point to the fuel supply, so that at the inlet channel of the high pressure is applied even in dynamic processes. In particular, the narrowest flow-through cross section in the path from the high pressure source to the inlet channel in the inlet channel itself.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist eine Ausführungsform, bei welcher der Zulaufkanal gedrosselt mit dem Speicherraum kommuniziert. Erreicht wird dies durch mindestens eine Schließdrossel, über die der Zulaufkanal mit dem Speicherraum verbunden ist. Durch die Verwendung wenigstens einer solchen Schließdrossel werden zum einen Druckschwingungen bzw. Druckwellen nur noch gedämpft vom Speicherraum in den Zulaufkanal übertragen, wodurch nachteilige Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem jeweiligen Injektor und der Kraftstoffversorgung zusätzlich zur Dämpfungswirkung des großen Speicherraums reduziert werden können. Zum anderen kann durch die Verwendung wenigstens einer solchen Schließdrossel ohne signifikanten Nachteil auf eine Raildrossel verzichtet werden. Die Abstimmung des jeweiligen Injektors auf die Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage kann dann über die wenigstens eine Schließdrossel erfolgen. Hierdurch wird die Abstimmung erheblich vereinfacht. In der Folge ermöglicht der erfindungsgemäße Injektor die Durchführung von Einspritzvorgängen mit erhöhter Präzision bezüglich Einspritzmenge und Einspritzzeiten.Particularly advantageous is an embodiment in which the inlet channel throttled communicates with the storage space. This is achieved by at least one closing throttle, over which the inlet channel is connected to the storage space. By using at least one such closing throttle, pressure oscillations or pressure waves are transmitted only attenuated from the storage space into the inlet channel, whereby adverse interactions between the respective injector and the fuel supply can be reduced in addition to the damping effect of the large storage space. On the other hand can be dispensed with by the use of at least one such closing throttle without significant disadvantage to a rail throttle. The vote of the respective injector on the fuel injection system can then take place via the at least one closing throttle. As a result, the vote is greatly simplified. As a result, the injector according to the invention makes it possible to carry out injection processes with increased precision with regard to injection quantity and injection times.
Bei einer Ausführungsform können die folgenden Merkmale realisiert werden. Der Injektor weist einen mit dem Speicherraum kommunizierenden Kraftstoffanschluss auf, an den eine den Kraftstoff unter einem Hochdruck bereitstellende Kraftstoffversorgung anschließbar ist. Im Injektorkörper ist ein ringförmiger Zulaufraum vorgesehen, der radial außen vom Injektorkörper und radial innen von der Lagerhülse begrenzt ist. Der zuvor genannte Kraftstoffanschluss mündet im Zulaufraum. Hierzu kann er einen im Injektorkörper verlaufenden Zulaufkanal aufweisen. Der Injektor weist zumindest eine Zulaufdrossel auf, die den Zulaufraum mit dem Steuerraum gedrosselt verbindet. Schließlich weist der Injektor mindestens eine Schließdrossel auf, die den Zulaufraum mit dem Speicherraum verbindet. Hierdurch kommuniziert der Zulaufraum mehr oder weniger gedrosselt mit dem Speicherraum. Durch die Verwendung wenigstens einer solchen Schließdrossel werden Druckschwingungen bzw. Druckwellen nur noch gedämpft vom Speicherraum in den Zulaufraum übertragen, wodurch nachteilige Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem jeweiligen Injektor und der Kraftstoffversorgung zusätzlich zur Dämpfungswirkung des großen Speicherraums reduziert werden können. Um einen derartigen Injektor innerhalb der Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage abstimmen zu können, kann es erforderlich sein, den Zulaufkanal bzw. die Verbindung zwischen Injektor und Kraftstoffversorgung zu drosseln, und zwar üblicherweise mit einer sogenannten Raildrossel. Die Abstimmung einer derartigen Raildrossel ist jedoch nur vergleichsweise grob möglich, was die Präzision der Einspritzvorgänge hinsichtlich Einspritzmenge und Einspritzzeit beeinträchtigt. Der Begriff "Raildrossel" leitet sich vom Begriff "Common-Rail-System" ab, das vorliegt, wenn mehrere derartige Injektoren an die gleiche Kraftstoffversorgung angeschlossen sind, deren "Rail" durch eine gemeinsame Kraftstoffhochdruckleitung gebildet ist. Durch die Verwendung wenigstens einer solchen Schließdrossel kann nun auf eine solche Raildrossel verzichtet werden. Die Abstimmung des jeweiligen Injektors auf die Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage kann dann über die wenigstens eine Schließdrossel erfolgen. Hierdurch wird die Abstimmung erheblich vereinfacht. In der Folge ermöglicht der erfindungsgemäße Injektor die Durchführung von Einspritzvorgängen mit erhöhter Präzision bezüglich Einspritzmenge und Einspritzzeiten.In one embodiment, the following features can be realized. The injector has a fuel port communicating with the storage space, to which a fuel supply providing the fuel under a high pressure can be connected. In the injector body, an annular inlet space is provided, which is bounded radially on the outside of the injector body and radially inward of the bearing sleeve. The aforementioned fuel connection opens in the inlet space. For this purpose, it can have a feed channel extending in the injector body. The injector has at least one inlet throttle, which throttles the inlet chamber with the control chamber. Finally, the injector has at least one closing throttle, which connects the inlet space with the storage space. As a result, the inlet space communicates more or less throttled with the storage space. By using at least one such closing throttle pressure oscillations or pressure waves are transmitted only attenuated from the storage space into the inlet space, whereby adverse interactions between the respective injector and the fuel supply can be reduced in addition to the damping effect of the large storage space. To be able to tune such an injector within the fuel injection system, it may be necessary to throttle the inlet channel or the connection between the injector and the fuel supply, usually with a so-called Raildrossel. However, the tuning of such a Raildrossel is only comparatively coarse possible, which affects the precision of injection operations in terms of injection quantity and injection time. The term "rail throttle" is derived from the term "common rail system", which is present when several such injectors are connected to the same fuel supply, whose Rail is formed by a common high-pressure fuel line. By using at least one such closing throttle can now be dispensed with such a rail throttle. The vote of the respective injector on the fuel injection system can then take place via the at least one closing throttle. As a result, the vote is greatly simplified. As a result, the injector according to the invention makes it possible to carry out injection processes with increased precision with regard to injection quantity and injection times.
Zweekmäßig ist die Drosselwirkung der Schließdrossel im Vergleich zur Drosselwirkung der Zulaufdrossel sehr klein, so dass sich nur eine leicht gedrosselte Verbindung zwischen Zulaufraum und Speicherraum ergibt. Hierdurch lassen sich insbesondere kurze Schließzeiten bzw. große Schließgeschwindigkeiten für die Düsennadel realisieren.Zweekmäßig the throttle effect of the closing throttle is very small compared to the throttle effect of the inlet throttle, so that there is only a slightly throttled connection between inlet chamber and storage space. This makes it possible in particular to realize short closing times or high closing speeds for the nozzle needle.
Entsprechend der Ausführungsform ist der Zulaufraum mit Hilfe wenigstens eines Dichtelements vom Speicherraum getrennt. Die wenigstens eine Schließdrossel umgibt dabei das mindestens eine Dichtelement. Die Verwendung eines derartigen Dichtelements ermöglicht einen vergleichsweise einfachen Aufbau für den Injektor, um darin den vom Speicherraum getrennten Zulaufraum zu realisieren.According to the embodiment, the inlet space is separated from the storage space by means of at least one sealing element. The at least one closing throttle surrounds the at least one sealing element. The use of such a sealing element allows a comparatively simple structure for the injector to realize therein the separate from the storage space Zulaufraum.
Weitere wichtige Merkmale und Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Injektors ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, aus der Zeichnung und aus der zugehörigen Figurenbeschreibung anhand der Zeichnung.Further important features and advantages of the injector according to the invention will become apparent from the subclaims, from the drawing and from the associated description of the figures with reference to the drawing.
Ausführungsbeispiele der erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden im Folgenden näher erläutert.Embodiments of the fuel injection system according to the invention are shown in the drawing and are explained in more detail below.
Die einzige
Entsprechend
Der Injektor 1 weist eine Düsennadel 12 auf, die hierzu im Speicherraum 6 hubverstellbar angeordnet ist. Dabei ist die Düsennadel 12 im Speicherraum 6 so angeordnet, dass sie vom Speicherraum 6 im wesentlichen über ihre gesamte axiale Länge umhüllt ist und quasi im Kraftstoff schwimmt. Die Düsennadel 12 weist an einem dem wenigstens einen Spritzloch 4 zugewandten Ende eine Nadelspitze 13 auf, mit deren Hilfe eine Kraftstoffeinspritzung durch das wenigstens eine Spritzloch 4 steuerbar ist. An ihrem vom wenigstens einen Spritzloch 4 abgewandten Ende weist die Düsennadel 12 einen Steuerkolben 14 auf, der an einer von der Nadelspitze 13 abgewandten Seite eine Steuerfläche 15 besitzt. Erkennbar handelt es sich hier um eine sogenannte "lange Nadel", die z.B. eine Länge von 100 mm oder mehr aufweisen kann. Sie ist aus einem Stück hergestellt oder besteht aus einem festen Verbund mehrerer Nadelteile, die auf geeignete Weise miteinander verbunden sind. Mit seiner Steuerfläche 15 begrenzt der Steuerkolben 14 axial einen Steuerraum 16, der radial von einer Lagerhülse 17 eingefasst bzw. begrenzt ist. Der Steuerkolben 14 ist in dieser Lagerhülse 17 axial geführt hubverstellbar angeordnet.The injector 1 has a
Um den Druck im Steuerraum 16 steuern zu können, ist eine Steuereinrichtung 18 vorgesehen. Diese Steuereinrichtung 18 ist dabei im Bereich des Steuerkolbens 14 im Injektorkörper 2 angeordnet. Ohne Beschränkung der Allgemeinheit weist die Steuereinrichtung 18 hier ein elektromagnetisch arbeitendes Steuerventil 19 auf. Dieses weist in einem Niederdruckraum 20 ein Ventilglied 21 auf, das mit Hilfe eines Elektromagneten 22 zur Durchführung eines Öffnungshubs betätigbar ist und das mittels einer Rückstellfeder 23 in eine Schließstellung angetrieben ist. Das Ventilglied 21 steuert eine gedrosselte Verbindungsöffnung 24, die den Steuerraum 16 mit dem Niederdruckraum 20 verbindet. Die Verbindungsöffnung 24 ist im Beispiel in einem Plattenkörper 25 ausgebildet, der einen die Düsennadel 12 enthaltenden Nadelbereich des Injektorkörpers 2 von einem die Steuereinrichtung 18 enthaltenden Steuerbereich trennt. Der Niederdruckraum 20 kommuniziert über einen Niederdruckanschluss 26 mit einem vergleichsweise drucklosen Rücklauf. Gespeist wird der Niederdruckraum 20 über eine Leckage im Bereich des Plattenkörpers 25 zwischen dem Nadelbereich und dem Steuerbereich des Injektorkörpers 2. Hierbei gelangt eine tolerierbare Leckagemenge in einen ringförmigen Raum 27, der die Steuereinrichtung 18 umhüllt und der über wenigstens eine Bohrung 28 mit dem Niederdruckraum 20 in Verbindung steht.In order to control the pressure in the
Die Lagerhülse 17 kann sich axial am Plattenkörper 25 abstützen, ohne daran befestigt zu sein. Ebenso kann die Lagerhülse 17 am Plattenkörper 25 befestigt sein. Auch kann der Plattenkörper 25 mit der Lagerhülse 17 integral hergestellt sein.The bearing
Es ist klar, dass für die Steuereinrichtung 18 grundsätzlich auch eine andere Bauweise realisierbar ist, beispielsweise mit einem Piezoaktuator.It is clear that for the
Im Injektorkörper 2 ist außerdem ein ringförmiger Zulaufraum 29 ausgebildet. Dieser ist radial außen durch den Injektorkörper 2 und radial innen durch den Lagerkörper 17 begrenzt. In axialer Richtung ist der Zulaufraum 29 einerseits durch den Plattenkörper 25 und andererseits durch ein ringförmiges Dichtelement 30 begrenzt. In diesen Zulaufraum 29 mündet der Zulaufkanal 7 ein. Hierdurch ist der Zulaufraum 29 direkt mit der Kraftstoffversorgung 8 bzw. mit der Hochdruckleitung 9 gekoppelt. Diese Kopplung kann insbesondere im wesentlichen ungedrosselt realisiert werden. In der Folge herrscht im Zulaufraum 29 auch bei hochdynamischen Vorgängen im wesentlichen stets der Hochdruck der Hochdruckleitung 9. Der Injektor 1 weist außerdem zumindest eine Zulaufdrossel 31 auf. Diese schafft eine gedrosselte Verbindung zwischen dem Zulaufraum 29 und dem Steuerraum 16.In addition, an
Des weiteren besitzt der erfindungsgemäße Injektor 1 zumindest eine Schließdrossel 32, die den Zulaufraum 29 mit dem Speicherraum 6 verbindet. Hierzu umgeht die Schließdrossel 32 auf geeignete Weise das Dichtelement 30. Im Beispiel durchsetzt die Schließdrossel 32 die Lagerhülse 17, insbesondere in radialer Richtung. Dabei ist in der Lagerhülse 17 an einer vom Steuerraum 16 angewandten Seite des Steuerkolbens 14 ein Ringraum 33 ausgebildet. Realisiert wird dieser Ringraum 33 beispielsweise dadurch, dass der Steuerkolben 14 einen größeren Durchmesser aufweist als der daran anschließende Körper der Düsennadel 12. Der Ringraum 33 ist zum Speicherraum 6 hin offen, so dass letztlich der Zulaufraum 29 über die Schließdrossel 32 und über den Ringraum 33 mit dem Speicherraum 6 verbunden ist.Furthermore, the injector 1 according to the invention has at least one
Besagter Ringraum 33 ist in axialer Richtung einerseits durch den Steuerkolben 14 begrenzt und andererseits offen. In radialer Richtung ist der Ringraum 33 außen durch die Lagerhülse 17 und innen durch die Düsennadel 12 begrenzt.Said annular space 33 is limited in the axial direction on the one hand by the
Um die Düsennadel 12 in ihre Schließrichtung vorzuspannen, ist eine Schließdruckfeder 34 vorgesehen. Diese ist im Beispiel einerseits in einer axialen Stirnseite der Lagerhülse 17 und andererseits an einem Bund 35 axial abgestützt, wobei der Bund 35 an der Düsennadel 12 ausgebildet bzw. befestigt ist.To bias the
Ferner weist der Injektor 1 eine Zentrierhülse 36 auf. Diese ist axial verstellbar an der Nadelspitze 13 gelagert. Dabei stützt sich die Zentrierhülse 36 axial einerseits am Injektorkörper 2 und andererseits über eine Öffnungsdruckfeder 37 an der Düsennadel 12 ab, wozu diese einen weiteren Bund 38 aufweist. Die Nadelspitze 13 ist in der Zentrierhülse 36 axial geführt hubverstellbar angeordnet. Die Zentrierhülse 36 realisiert eine Zentrierung der Nadelspitze 13 relativ zu einem Nadelsitz 39, der im Injektorkörper 2 ausgebildet ist. Wenn die Düsennadel 12 mit ihrer Nadelspitze 13 im Nadelsitz 39 sitzt, ist das wenigstens ein Spritzloch 4 vom Speicherraum 6 entkoppelt. Sobald die Nadelspitze 13 vom Nadelsitz 39 abhebt, liegt eine kommunizierende Verbindung zwischen dem Speicherraum 6 und dem wenigstens einen Spritzloch 4 vor, so dass Kraftstoff vom Speicherraum 6 durch das wenigstens ein Spritzloch 4 in den Einspritzraum 5 einspritzbar ist. Für eine ungestörte kommunizierende Verbindung zwischen dem Speicherraum 6 und den wenigstens einen Spritzloch 4 bei geöffneter Düsennadel 12 kann die Zentrierhülse 36 zumindest eine Querbohrung 40 aufweisen.Furthermore, the injector 1 has a centering
Durch die wenigstens eine Schließdrossel 32, deren Drosselwirkung erheblich kleiner ist als die Drosselwirkung der Zulaufdrossel 31, wird zum einen erreicht, dass Druckwellen, die beim Öffnen und Schließen der Düsennadel 12 im Speicherraum 6 entstehen, nur gedämpft bzw. gedrosselt zum Zulaufraum 29 gelangen und dementsprechend nur gedämpft zur Kraftstoffversorgung 8 gelangen. Hierdurch wird die an sich durch den relativ großvolumigen Speicherraum 6 bereits bereitgestellte Dämpfungswirkung zusätzlich gestärkt. Des weiteren ist es grundsätzlich möglich, den unter Hochdruck stehenden Kraftstoff bis zur Zulaufdrossel 31 quasi ungedrosselt zuzuführen. Insbesondere kann auf eine sogenannte Raildrossel verzichtet werden. Die Feinabstimmung des jeweiligen Injektors 1 mit der Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage kann dabei über die wenigstens eine Schließdrossel 32 realisiert werden. Diese Feinabstimmung kann dabei genauer durchgeführt werden als dies in Verbindung mit einer Raildrossel möglich ist. Insgesamt können dadurch Einspritzvorgänge, insbesondere bei Mehrfacheinspritzungen, hinsichtlich Einspritzdauer und Einspritzmenge mit erhöhter Präzision realisiert werden.By at least one
Im gezeigten Ausgangszustand erfolgt keine Kraftstoffeinspritzung. Die Düsennadel 12 sitzt im Nadelsitz 39. Im Zulaufraum 29 herrscht der Kraftstoffhochdruck, der ebenfalls im Ringraum 33, im Speicherraum 6 und im Steuerraum 16 herrscht. Im Niederdruckraum 20 herrscht der Druck des Rücklaufs 26. Hierzu ist der Elektromagnet 22 deaktiviert, so dass die Rückstellfeder 23 das Ventilglied 21 zum Verschließen der Verbindungsöffnung 24 vorspannt.In the initial state shown, there is no fuel injection. The
Zum Durchführen einer Einspritzung von Kraftstoff wird die Steuereinrichtung 18 entsprechend angesteuert. In der Folge zieht der Elektromagnet 22 das Ventilglied 21 entgegen der Vorspannkraft der Rückstellfeder 23 an, wodurch die Verbindungsöffnung 24 geöffnet wird. In der Folge fällt der Druck im Steuerraum 16 ab. Folglich nehmen auch die in Schließrichtung auf die Düsennadel 12 einwirkenden, über die Steuerfläche 15 darin eingeleiteten hydraulischen Kräfte ab. Sobald die in der Öffnungsrichtung an der Düsennadel 12 wirksamen hydraulischen Kräfte überwiegen, hebt diese mit ihrer Nadelspitze 13 aus dem Nadelsitz 39 ab. Anschließend kann Kraftstoff unter dem Hochdruck vom Speicherraum 6 durch die Spritzlöcher 4 in den Einspritzraum 5 eintreten. Zum Beenden des Einspritzvorgangs wird die Steuereinrichtung 18 zum Schließen des Steuerventils 19 betätigt. Hierzu wird die Bestromung des Elektromagneten 22 beendet. In der Folge kann die Rückstellfeder 23 das Ventilglied 21 zum Verschließen der Verbindungsöffnung 24 antreiben. Über die Zulaufdrossel 31 kann sich im Steuerraum 16 wieder der Hochdruck aufbauen und über die Steuerfläche 15 den Steuerkolben 14 und somit die Düsennadel 12 mit ihrer Nadelspitze 13 in den Nadelsitz 39 cinfahren. Unterstützt wird diese Schließbewegung durch die Schließdruckfeder 34.To carry out an injection of fuel, the
Die beim Öffnen und beim Schließen des Injektors 1 bzw. der Düsennadel 12 entstehenden Druckwellen im Speicherraum 6 werden zum einen durch das relativ große Volumen des Speicherraums 6 in erheblichem Maße gedämpft. Zum anderen bewirkt die Schließdrossel 32 eine gedämpfte Kopplung zwischen dem Speicherraum 6 und dem Zulaufraum 29, wodurch eine weitere Dämpfungswirkung realisierbar ist.The resulting during opening and closing of the injector 1 and the
Die Drosselwirkung der Schließdrossel 32 ist vergleichsweise klein, wodurch zum einen stets hinreichend Kraftstoff zur Realisierung des gewünschten Einspritzvorgangs nachströmen kann. Zum anderen lassen sich hierdurch rasche Schließvorgänge mit hohen Nadelgeschwindigkeiten realisieren.The throttling action of the
Claims (10)
- Fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine, in particular in a motor vehicle, having a fuel supply (8) which comprises a high-pressure source (9) which provides highly pressurized fuel and to which a plurality of injectors (1) are connected,- wherein the respective injector (1) is equipped with an injector body (2) which has at least one spray hole (4) and which contains a storage chamber (6), which communicates with the at least one spray hole (4), for fuel,- wherein the respective injector (1) is equipped with a nozzle needle (12) which is arranged, such that it can perform a stroke movement, in the storage chamber (6) and which has a needle tip (13) for controlling an injection of fuel through the at least one spray hole (4),- wherein the respective injector (1) is equipped with a control device (18) for controlling the nozzle needle (12),- wherein the respective injector (1) is equipped with a feed duct (7) which is connected to the high-pressure source (9),- wherein the feed duct (7) is connected in an unthrottled manner to the high-pressure source (5),characterized in that- the nozzle needle (12) has the needle tip (13) at one end and has a control piston (14) at the other end,- in order to control the nozzle needle (12), the control device (18) controls a pressure in a control chamber (16) which is delimited axially by the control piston (14) and radially by a bearing sleeve (17) which is arranged in the injector body (2) and in which the control piston (14) can perform a stroke movement in an axially guided manner,- in the injector body (2) there is arranged an annular feed chamber (29) which is delimited radially at the outside by the injector body (2) and radially at the inside by the bearing sleeve (17), and- the feed chamber (29) is separated from the storage chamber (6) by means of at least one sealing element (30), wherein the at least one sealing element (30) is arranged radially between the bearing sleeve (17) and the injector body (2) and delimits the feed chamber (29) axially.
- Fuel injection system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the storage chamber (6) is connected to the feed duct (7) via at least one closing throttle (32).
- Fuel injection system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the feed duct (7) runs in the injector body (2) and/or opens out in the feed chamber (29).
- Fuel injection system according to Claim 1 or 3, characterized in that at least one feed throttle (31) is provided which connects the feed chamber (29) in a throttled manner to the control chamber (16).
- Fuel injection system at least according to Claim 1, characterized in that the at least one closing throttle (32) connects the feed chamber (29) to the storage chamber (6).
- Fuel injection system at least according to Claim 4, characterized in that the throttling action of the at least one closing throttle (32) is less intense than the throttling action of the at least one feed throttle (31).
- Fuel injection system according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the at least one closing throttle (32) extends through the bearing sleeve (17).
- Fuel injection system according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the at least one closing throttle (32) connects the feed chamber (29) to an annular chamber (33) which is open to the storage chamber (6) and which is formed in the bearing sleeve (17) at a side of the control piston (14) facing away from the control chamber (16).
- Fuel injection system according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the control device (18) is arranged in the injector body (2) in the region of the control piston (14).
- Fuel injection system according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a centring sleeve (36) is provided, in which the needle tip (13) is arranged such that it can perform a stroke movement in an axially guided manner and which centres the needle tip (13) relative to a needle seat (39) formed in the injector body (2).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200810001423 DE102008001423A1 (en) | 2008-04-28 | 2008-04-28 | Fuel injection system |
PCT/EP2009/052542 WO2009132878A1 (en) | 2008-04-28 | 2009-03-04 | Fuel injection system having an unrestricted fuel supply to the injectors |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2271836A1 EP2271836A1 (en) | 2011-01-12 |
EP2271836B1 true EP2271836B1 (en) | 2012-12-12 |
Family
ID=40852559
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09737922A Active EP2271836B1 (en) | 2008-04-28 | 2009-03-04 | Fuel injection system having an unrestricted fuel supply to the injectors |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2271836B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102008001423A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009132878A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102016201539A1 (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | fuel injector |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006029392A1 (en) * | 2006-06-27 | 2008-01-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | injector |
DE102006036447A1 (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2008-02-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Injector for a fuel injection system |
DE102007011685A1 (en) | 2007-03-09 | 2008-09-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector with improved control valve |
DE102007021330A1 (en) * | 2007-05-07 | 2008-11-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector for an internal combustion engine with common rail injection system |
-
2008
- 2008-04-28 DE DE200810001423 patent/DE102008001423A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-03-04 WO PCT/EP2009/052542 patent/WO2009132878A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-03-04 EP EP09737922A patent/EP2271836B1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2271836A1 (en) | 2011-01-12 |
DE102008001423A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
WO2009132878A1 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
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