EP2270387A1 - LED flat light - Google Patents
LED flat light Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2270387A1 EP2270387A1 EP09164475A EP09164475A EP2270387A1 EP 2270387 A1 EP2270387 A1 EP 2270387A1 EP 09164475 A EP09164475 A EP 09164475A EP 09164475 A EP09164475 A EP 09164475A EP 2270387 A1 EP2270387 A1 EP 2270387A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- leds
- flat lamp
- led
- light
- predetermined value
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
- F21S8/02—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of recess-mounted type, e.g. downlighters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
- F21S8/04—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation intended only for mounting on a ceiling or the like overhead structures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V19/00—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders
- F21V19/001—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders the light sources being semiconductors devices, e.g. LEDs
- F21V19/003—Fastening of light source holders, e.g. of circuit boards or substrates holding light sources
- F21V19/0055—Fastening of light source holders, e.g. of circuit boards or substrates holding light sources by screwing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V31/00—Gas-tight or water-tight arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
- F21W2131/40—Lighting for industrial, commercial, recreational or military use
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2105/00—Planar light sources
- F21Y2105/10—Planar light sources comprising a two-dimensional array of point-like light-generating elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
Definitions
- the invention relates to a flat lamp comprising a luminous means with LEDs arranged on a printed circuit board and a housing for accommodating the luminous means.
- Fluorescent tubes have the disadvantage of a comparatively low color temperature, as well as a limitation of the minimum height due to the size of the fluorescent tubes.
- LED-based machine lights are known, which simulate the principle of a fluorescent lamp, for example, by 4-8 high-power LEDs are arranged in a row.
- LED-equipped lighting fixtures have the advantage that LEDs are usually shock- and vibration resistant, circuit compatible and easily modulated in their emitted radiation.
- punctiform light sources such a luminaire does not lead to a uniform illumination of the room and thus to disturbing glare effects and shadowing.
- Another disadvantage is the low light intensity and the specification of the minimum height of the luminaire through the thickness of the high-power LEDs.
- Out DE 197 47 980 A1 is an LED-based lighting fixture for wet rooms known. The arrangement of the LEDs in this fixture also leads to glare and shadowing and not to a sufficiently uniform illumination as is required for many industrial applications.
- the flat lamp comprises a lighting means and a housing for receiving the lighting means.
- the overall height of the flat lamp in the direction of radiation can be less than 30 mm.
- the luminous means comprises LEDs arranged on a printed circuit board with an arrangement density of at least 1 LED per 2.5 cm 2 over an area of at least 250 cm 2 . Due to the high arrangement density according to the invention over a minimum area of 250 cm 2 , the LEDs form a luminous surface, ie a surface luminous body based on punctiform LED light sources.
- the inventors have observed in the development of the flat lamp according to the invention the surprising effect that at an arrangement density of min. 1 LED per 2.5 cm 2 irregularities in the perceptible light distribution can be reliably avoided despite the "point-shaped" LED light sources.
- An arrangement density of the LEDs of at least 1 LED per 1.75 cm 2 is particularly advantageous. It is therefore a particular aspect of the present invention to produce planar light despite the use of point LED-based light sources.
- planar light in the context of this invention corresponds to a light or with respect to the light distribution very close to a light that is generated by a conventional surface light body.
- surface light body is understood in the relevant art to mean a body having a uniformly light-emitting luminous area, the thickness of which is small in comparison to the length and width dimensions.
- the emitted light of a surface luminaire compared to the light of a filament with point light sources produces less glare and shadowing, as the light distribution distributed by the flat luminous body spatially evenly is.
- the LED luminous element according to the invention represents a surface luminous element in this sense, since it has the same advantageous illumination properties with regard to glare effects and shadowing.
- the luminous element according to the invention thus combines the advantageous light distribution of a surface luminous body with the advantageous properties one on LED-based filament.
- the inventive high total number of LEDs used allows a sufficiently high light intensity.
- the bulbs of the flats consist of individual LEDs whose forward voltage does not exceed a deviation of +/- 5% by a predetermined value. It is particularly advantageous if the variation width of the forward voltage does not exceed a value of 3.5% by a predetermined value. This is due to the surprising finding in the course of the development that brightness differences and the resulting shadowing in the luminous area can be avoided by observing previously determined tolerances in the LED forward voltage. In addition, a significantly increased lifetime of the LEDs was observed. Investigations by the inventors after realization of the invention have found that customary tolerances of the LEDs used far exceed these fluctuation ranges.
- the predetermined value of the forward voltage is in the range 2.7-3.7 volts. A higher fluctuation range of the forward voltage, in combination with the planar arrangement density of at least 1 LED per 2.5 cm 2 according to the invention, leads to significant temperature and brightness differences, which increase further with increasing operating time of the luminaire.
- the flat lamp has a light source with a passive LED drive.
- the passive LED drive can be realized by resistors connected in series to the LED, thereby defining the current flow through the LEDs. This allows a very cost-effective implementation of the bulb.
- the flat lamp can also include an active control of the individual LEDs. This has the advantage that in order to comply with small tolerances of the LED forward voltage no preselection of the LEDs used is needed, but this can be realized by an active control circuit.
- the LEDs of the surface illuminant according to the invention are selected such that the fluctuation of the color temperature of the LEDs does not exceed a value of +/- 15% of a predetermined value.
- a value of +/- 15% of a predetermined value is based on the statement in the context of the invention that the customary manufacturing tolerances with respect to color temperature and light intensity in combination with the dense arrangement of many individual LEDs according to the invention to shade, especially color shadows, can lead in the surface light.
- a fluctuation range of the color temperature of less than +/- 10% by a predetermined value.
- the predetermined value of the color temperature is in the range 6000-7500 ° Kelvin.
- the light source can comprise LEDs whose fluctuation of the intensity of the LEDs does not exceed a value of +/- 20% by a predetermined value. Particularly advantageous is a fluctuation range of less than +/- 15% by a predetermined value.
- the fluctuation ranges of the luminous intensity of commercially available LEDs is +/- 45% by a predetermined value.
- the predetermined value of the light intensity is in the range of 1000 - 1300 mcd.
- the LEDs mounted on the surface illuminant are preferably designed as surface-mount LEDs (SMD LEDs) without an outstanding lens part.
- SMD LEDs surface-mount LEDs
- Radial LEDs have a protruding lens portion where the emergent light is refracted. For lights with few LEDs, these effects are usually imperceptible.
- the high number of densely arranged LEDs according to the invention leads to dark perceptible "light spots" on the surface illuminant in the case of radial LEDs.
- the refraction of light on the protruding lens part also produces a warmer light with a higher proportion of yellow and red frequencies.
- the SMD LED emitted light which is colder compared to the use of radial LEDs, is particularly advantageous for applications in dark, oily machining areas, as these spaces better reflect cold light compared to warmer light.
- SMD LEDs generally have two planar bearing surfaces, by means of which the LED is mounted directly on a thermally conductive surface of the circuit board, preferably provided with thermal pads, whereby the resulting heat of the LED can be derived.
- Radial LEDs are typically mounted on a printed circuit board, with the legs of the LEDs plugged in through the printed circuit board print and soldered from the back. As a result, they can be cooled only with difficulty.
- individual LEDs with a power less than 120 mW per LED are used for the luminous means according to the invention. Due to the large number of individual LEDs used produces a sufficiently high light intensity, at the same time too high heat radiation is prevented in the emission direction. LEDs with a power ⁇ 120 mW are very cost-effective and due to their compact design compared to expensive high-performance LEDs for a low-profile flat luminaire.
- the present invention enables a low-cost flat luminaire with an LED-based surface illuminant, which produces shadow-rich, blinding and stain-poor, high-contrast light with high color temperature and luminous intensity.
- the LED-based flat light according to the invention allows instead a variety of low-cost and relatively low-power LEDs use.
- a surface luminous element is realized by means of individual LEDs, which avoids the otherwise usual shadowing and irregularities in the luminous area when using "point-shaped" light sources (LEDs) and thus a Flat LED-based light enables the high requirements in industrial applications.
- the outer dimensions of in Fig. 1 shown flat lamp amount to 771 x 171 x 28mm with a thickness of the illuminant of 3.5 mm.
- the flat lamp thus has a height of 28 mm in the emission direction.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a frame member with lamp mounted therein and an outer cover of the flat lamp according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the frame element has a lateral angle section 41.
- the LED illuminant 30 rests on a lower surface of the angle section 41 and is fixed there with fastening means.
- the frame member 10 has a circular recess for receiving the cables from the cable connection 34.
- Fig. 3 shows a plan view of the surface illuminant 30.
- the surface illuminant 30 includes a rectangular FR4 circuit board 32 on the 952 LEDs 31 are attached.
- the outer dimensions of the Fig. 3 shown PCB are 700 x 138 mm.
- the LEDs 31 are alternately arranged in rows of 8 and 9 perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the circuit board with the row of LEDs 8 row parallel to the row of LEDs 9, so that one row 8 LED is equidistant from the next two LEDs of the following row 9 Series has.
- the LEDs are mounted at a distance of 1.3 cm on the circuit board, which corresponds to an arrangement density of 1 LED per 1.68 cm 2 .
- the LEDs 31 are mounted via two contact surfaces of the LED underside by Printmontage directly to a thermally conductive surface of the circuit board, preferably provided with thermal pads attached.
- the flat lamp according to the invention knows a max. Surface temperature in the range of 55 ° C at 25 ° C ambient temperature.
- the LED flat light according to the invention produces a light output in the range of 27,000 Lx per dm 2 at a distance of 15 cm and has a luminous area of approximately 7.6 dm 2 .
- each 136 resistors 33 are soldered in a line perpendicular to the LED 8 and 9 rows.
- LEDs and two resistors 33 are connected in series.
- a cable connection 34 is soldered to the power supply.
- two holes 37 are provided for fastening means to secure the circuit board to the frame member 10.
- the inventors have determined in experimental series that the inventive high arrangement density of the 952 LEDs of 1 LED per 1.68 cm 2 at market Tolerances of the LEDs with respect to the forward voltage, the color temperature and the light intensity leads to disturbing shadows and light spots. Therefore, only specially preselected LEDs are installed for the surface illuminant according to the invention in the embodiment with a passive LED control, which has a very narrow fluctuation range with respect to the forward voltage (+/- 0.1 V at a mean forward voltage of 3.1 V), the color temperature (+ /. 500 ° K by a predetermined value of 6500 ° K) and the luminous intensity (+/- 150 mcd at a predetermined value of 1150 mcd).
- circuit board fastener 35 for mounting the circuit board on the frame member 10.
- Some of these fasteners are pronounced as bolts, which both secure the circuit board to the frame member and serve as a spacer for resting the outer cover 12.
- Fig. 4 shows a control circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 4 shows 2 LED strands 41 of the surface illuminant according to the invention (the remaining identically switched LED strands are not shown).
- the arranged on the circuit board 32 LEDs 31 are summarized according to this embodiment to LED strands with 6 series-connected LEDs, wherein at the beginning and end of the strand in each case a resistor 33 is connected in series. All LED strings 41 consisting of 6 LEDs and 2 resistors are connected in parallel.
- a voltage of 24 V which is applied to each of the parallel-connected LED strands 14 At each of the identical LEDs falls a forward voltage of 3.1 V with a tolerance of +/- 0.1 V and at each Resistor a voltage of 0.8V.
- the resistors connected in series in the LEDs determine the current flow through the diodes through the resistance variable and the applied voltage and thus form the passive control of the luminous means.
- Fig. 5a shows a view from the direction of emission of the LEDs used.
- SMD Surface Mounted
- the LEDs used are used in a PLCC 2 package. The light is emitted via a circular opening 52 which has no outstanding lens part with a beam angle of 120 degrees. As a result, disruptive refraction effects are avoided.
- the recess 53 indicates the polarization in the forward direction.
- the LEDs used emit white light at a power of 62 mW per LED.
- the LEDs used have a length of 3.5 mm and a width of 2.8 mm.
- the LEDs 31 mounted on the circuit board have a forward voltage of 3.1 V, and a tolerance range (forward voltage fluctuation range) of +/- 0.1 V.
- the LEDs used have a luminous intensity in the range of 1000 ⁇ 1300 mcd, and thus a tolerance range of altogether 300 mcd. Furthermore, the LEDs used have a color tolerance of about +/- 500 ° K around the range of 6500 ° K.
- Fig. 5b shows a side view of the LEDs used which have a height of 1.9 mm.
- Fig. 5c shows a bottom view of the LED in the direction of radiation.
- the foot surfaces 54 are mounted directly on a thermally conductive surface of the circuit board.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
- Fastening Of Light Sources Or Lamp Holders (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Flachleuchte umfassend ein Leuchtmittel mit auf einer Leiterplatte angeordneten LEDs und ein Gehäuse zur Aufnahme des Leuchtmittels.The invention relates to a flat lamp comprising a luminous means with LEDs arranged on a printed circuit board and a housing for accommodating the luminous means.
An Leuchten für die industrielle Anwendung, beispielsweise im Maschinenbau, werden zunehmend hohe Anforderungen betreffend die Bauhöhe und das Leistungsvermögen gestellt. Um den zunehmenden Trend im Maschinenbau Rechnung zu tragen, auf weniger Fläche mehr Produktionskapazitäten und Funktionalität bereitzustellen, ist es wünschenswert eine Leuchte mit möglichst geringer Bauhöhe, eine sog. Flachleuchte, bereitzustellen um die Arbeitsflächen im Maschinenraum möglichst wenig einzuschränken. Derartige Einsatzszenarien stellen weiterhin hohe Anforderungen an das Leistungsvermögen der eingesetzten Flachleuchten. So ist beispielsweise ein möglichst starkes, kontrastreiches, blend- und flackerfreies, gleichmäßiges Licht mit geringer Schattenbildung wünschenswert um eine optimale Ausleuchtung der Arbeitsplätze zu gewährleisten. Weiterhin müssen derartige Leuchten oft resistent gegen Wasser, Staub, Öle und Emulsionen sein.At lights for industrial application, for example in mechanical engineering, increasingly high demands are placed on the height and the performance. In order to take account of the increasing trend in mechanical engineering, to provide more production capacity and functionality on a smaller area, it is desirable to provide a luminaire with as low a height as possible, a so-called flat luminaire, in order to restrict the working space in the machine room as little as possible. Such application scenarios continue to place high demands on the performance of the flat lamps used. For example, a strong, high-contrast, glare- and flicker-free, uniform light with low shadowing is desirable to ensure optimal illumination of the workplaces. Furthermore, such lights must often be resistant to water, dust, oils and emulsions.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Flachleuchten basierend auf Leuchtstoffröhren bekannt. Leuchtstoffröhren haben den Nachteil einer vergleichsweisen geringen Farbtemperatur, sowie einer Beschränkung der Minimalbauhöhe aufgrund des Umfangs der Leuchtstoffröhren. Desweiteren sind Maschinenleuchten auf LED-Basis bekannt, die das Prinzip einer Leuchtstofflampe nachbilden, indem beispielsweise 4-8 Hochleistungs-LEDs in einer Reihe angeordnet sind. LEDbestückte Beleuchtungskörper besitzen den Vorteil, dass LEDs in der Regel stoß- und vibrationsfest, schaltkreiskompatibel und in ihrer emittierten Strahlung leicht modulierbar sind. Eine derartige Leuchte führt jedoch aufgrund der Verwendung punktförmiger Lichtquellen zu keiner gleichmäßigen Raumausleuchtung und dadurch zu störenden Blendeffekten und Schattenbildung. Ein weiterer Nachteil ist die zu geringe Lichtstärke sowie die Vorgabe der Mindestbauhöhe der Leuchte durch die Dicke der Hochleistungs-LEDs. Aus
Es ist deshalb eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine kostengünstige Flachleuchte bereitzustellen, die kontrastreiches, blend- und schattenarmes Licht mit hoher Lichtstärke und Farbtemperatur abgibt. Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Flachleuchte gemäß Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Die abhängigen Patentansprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a cost-effective flat lamp that emits high-contrast, glare and low-shadow light with high light intensity and color temperature. This object is achieved by a flat lamp according to
Erfindungsgemäß umfasst die Flachleuchte ein Leuchtmittel und ein Gehäuse zur Aufnahme des Leuchtmittels. Die Gesamtbauhöhe der Flachleuchte in Abstrahlrichtung kann kleiner 30 mm betragen. Weiterhin umfasst das Leuchtmittel auf einer Leiterplatte flächig angeordnete LEDs mit einer Anordnungsdichte von mind. 1 LED pro 2,5 cm2 über eine Fläche von mind. 250 cm2. Durch die erfindungsgemäße hohe Anordnungsdichte über eine Mindestfläche von 250 cm2 bilden die LEDs eine leuchtende Fläche, d.h. einen Flächenleuchtkörper basierend auf punktförmigen LED-Lichtquellen.According to the invention, the flat lamp comprises a lighting means and a housing for receiving the lighting means. The overall height of the flat lamp in the direction of radiation can be less than 30 mm. Furthermore, the luminous means comprises LEDs arranged on a printed circuit board with an arrangement density of at least 1 LED per 2.5 cm 2 over an area of at least 250 cm 2 . Due to the high arrangement density according to the invention over a minimum area of 250 cm 2 , the LEDs form a luminous surface, ie a surface luminous body based on punctiform LED light sources.
Die Erfinder haben bei der Entwicklung der erfindungsgemäßen Flachleuchte den überraschenden Effekt beobachtet, dass bei einer Anordnungsdichte von mind. 1 LED pro 2,5 cm2 Unregelmäßigkeiten in der wahrnehmbaren Lichtverteilung trotz der "punkt -förmigen" LED -Lichtquellen zuverlässig vermieden werden können. Besonders vorteilhaft ist eine Anordnungsdichte der LEDs von mind. 1 LED pro 1,75 cm2. Es ist daher ein besonderer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung, flächiges Licht trotz der Verwendung von punktförmigen LED-basierten Lichtquellen zu erzeugen.The inventors have observed in the development of the flat lamp according to the invention the surprising effect that at an arrangement density of min. 1 LED per 2.5 cm 2 irregularities in the perceptible light distribution can be reliably avoided despite the "point-shaped" LED light sources. An arrangement density of the LEDs of at least 1 LED per 1.75 cm 2 is particularly advantageous. It is therefore a particular aspect of the present invention to produce planar light despite the use of point LED-based light sources.
Erfindungsgemäß lässt sich durch die hohe LED Anordnungsdichte bei der vorgegebenen Mindestfläche flächiges Licht erzeugen, wobei flächiges Licht im Sinne dieser Erfindung einem Licht entspricht oder bezüglich der Lichtverteilung einem Licht sehr nahe kommt, das durch einen herkömmlichen Flächenleuchtkörper erzeugt wird.According to the invention can be generated by the high LED array density at the predetermined minimum surface area light, planar light in the context of this invention corresponds to a light or with respect to the light distribution very close to a light that is generated by a conventional surface light body.
Unter "Flächenleuchtkörper" ist in der einschlägigen Technik ein Körper mit einer gleichmäßig licht-emittierenden Leuchtfläche zu verstehen, dessen Dicke im Vergleich zu den Längen- und Breitenabmessungen klein ist. Bei gleicher Lichtstärke gemessen in einer für einen Anwendungsfall (z.B. Leuchte für eine Werkmaschine) typischen Entfernung vom Leuchtkörper erzeugt das emittierte Licht eines Flächenleuchtkörpers im Vergleich zum Licht eines Leuchtkörpers mit punktförmigen Lichtquellen weniger Blendeffekte und Schattenbildung, da die Lichtverteilung durch den flächigen Leuchtkörper räumlich gleichmäßiger verteilt ist. Der erfindungsgemäße LED-Leuchtkörper stellt einen Flächenleuchtkörper in diesem Sinne dar, da dieser dieselben vorteilhaften Beleuchtungseigenschaften in Hinblick auf Blendeffekte und Schattenbildung aufweist.The term "surface light body" is understood in the relevant art to mean a body having a uniformly light-emitting luminous area, the thickness of which is small in comparison to the length and width dimensions. With the same light intensity measured in a for a particular application (eg light for a factory machine) typical distance from the luminaire, the emitted light of a surface luminaire compared to the light of a filament with point light sources produces less glare and shadowing, as the light distribution distributed by the flat luminous body spatially evenly is. The LED luminous element according to the invention represents a surface luminous element in this sense, since it has the same advantageous illumination properties with regard to glare effects and shadowing.
Der erfindungsgemäße Leuchtkörper kombiniert damit die vorteilhafte Lichtverteilung eines Flächenleuchtkörpers mit den vorteilhaften Eigenschaften eines auf LED-basierten Leuchtkörpers. Die erfindungsgemäße hohe Gesamtzahl an eingesetzten LEDs ermöglicht eine ausreichend hohe Lichtstärke.The luminous element according to the invention thus combines the advantageous light distribution of a surface luminous body with the advantageous properties one on LED-based filament. The inventive high total number of LEDs used allows a sufficiently high light intensity.
Erfindungsgemäß besteht das Leuchtmittel der Flachleute aus Einzel-LEDs, deren Durchlassspannung eine Abweichung von +/- 5 % um einen vorbestimmten Wert nicht überschreitet. Besonders vorteilhaft ist, wenn die Schwankungsbreite der Durchlassspannung einen Wert von 3,5 % um einen vorbestimmten Wert nicht überschreitet. Dies beruht auf der überraschenden Feststellung im Verlauf der Entwicklung, dass durch Einhalten von vorher bestimmten Toleranzen bei der LED Durchlassspannung Helligkeitsunterschiede und dadurch bedingte Schattenbildung in der Leuchtfläche vermieden werden können. Zudem wurde eine deutlich erhöhte Lebensdauer der LEDs beobachtet. Bei Untersuchungen der Erfinder nach Verwirklichung der Erfindung wurde festgestellt, dass marktübliche Toleranzen der verwendeten LEDs weit über diesen Schwankungsbreiten liegen. Vorteilhafterweise liegt der vorbestimmte Wert der Durchlassspannung im Bereich von 2,7-3,7 Volt. Eine höhere Schwankungsbreite der Durchlassspannung führt in Kombination mit der erfindungsgemäßen flächigen Anordnungsdichte von mindestens 1 LED pro 2,5 cm2 zu signifikanten Temperatur- und Helligkeitsunterschieden, die mit zunehmender Betriebsdauer der Leuchte weiter zunehmen.According to the invention, the bulbs of the flats consist of individual LEDs whose forward voltage does not exceed a deviation of +/- 5% by a predetermined value. It is particularly advantageous if the variation width of the forward voltage does not exceed a value of 3.5% by a predetermined value. This is due to the surprising finding in the course of the development that brightness differences and the resulting shadowing in the luminous area can be avoided by observing previously determined tolerances in the LED forward voltage. In addition, a significantly increased lifetime of the LEDs was observed. Investigations by the inventors after realization of the invention have found that customary tolerances of the LEDs used far exceed these fluctuation ranges. Advantageously, the predetermined value of the forward voltage is in the range 2.7-3.7 volts. A higher fluctuation range of the forward voltage, in combination with the planar arrangement density of at least 1 LED per 2.5 cm 2 according to the invention, leads to significant temperature and brightness differences, which increase further with increasing operating time of the luminaire.
Vorzugsweise hat die Flachleuchte ein Leuchtmittel mit einer passiven LED-Ansteuerung. Die passive LED-Ansteuerung kann durch zu den LED in Serie geschaltete Widerstände realisiert werden, um dadurch den Stromfluss durch die LEDs festzulegen. Dadurch wird eine sehr kostengünstige Realisierung des Leuchtmittels ermöglicht.Preferably, the flat lamp has a light source with a passive LED drive. The passive LED drive can be realized by resistors connected in series to the LED, thereby defining the current flow through the LEDs. This allows a very cost-effective implementation of the bulb.
Die Flachleuchte kann aber auch eine aktive Ansteuerung der Einzel-LEDs umfassen. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass zur Einhaltung kleiner Toleranzen der LED-Durchlassspannung keine Vorselektion der eingesetzten LEDs vonnöten ist, sondern diese durch eine aktive Steuerschaltung realisiert werden kann.The flat lamp can also include an active control of the individual LEDs. This has the advantage that in order to comply with small tolerances of the LED forward voltage no preselection of the LEDs used is needed, but this can be realized by an active control circuit.
Vorzugsweise werden die LEDs des erfindungsgemäßen Flächenleuchtmittels derart ausgewählt, dass die Schwankung der Farbtemperatur der LEDs einen Wert von +/- 15 % von einem vorbestimmten Wert nicht überschreitet. Dies beruht auf der Feststellung im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die marktüblichen Fertigungstoleranzen bezüglich Farbtemperatur und Lichtstärke in Kombination mit der erfindungsgemäßen dichten Anordnung vieler Einzel-LEDs zu Schattenbildung, insbesondere auch Farbschatten, im flächigen Licht führen können. Besonders vorteilhaft ist eine Schwankungsbreite der Farbtemperatur von kleiner +/- 10% um einen vorbestimmten Wert. Vorteilhafter Weise liegt der vorbestimmte Wert der Farbtemperatur im Bereich 6000-7500° Kelvin.Preferably, the LEDs of the surface illuminant according to the invention are selected such that the fluctuation of the color temperature of the LEDs does not exceed a value of +/- 15% of a predetermined value. This is based on the statement in the context of the invention that the customary manufacturing tolerances with respect to color temperature and light intensity in combination with the dense arrangement of many individual LEDs according to the invention to shade, especially color shadows, can lead in the surface light. Particularly advantageous is a fluctuation range of the color temperature of less than +/- 10% by a predetermined value. Advantageously, the predetermined value of the color temperature is in the range 6000-7500 ° Kelvin.
Weiterhin kann das Leuchtmittel LEDs umfassen, deren Schwankung der Lichtstärke der LEDs einen Wert von +/- 20 % um eine vorbestimmten Wert nicht überschreitet. Besonders vorteilhaft ist eine Schwankungsbreite von unter +/-15% um einen vorbestimmten Wert. Die Schwankungsbreiten der Lichtstärke von marktüblichen LEDs liegt bei +/- 45% um einen vorbestimmten Wert. Vorteilhafter Weise liegt der vorbestimmte Wert der Lichtstärke im Bereich von 1000 - 1300 mcd.Furthermore, the light source can comprise LEDs whose fluctuation of the intensity of the LEDs does not exceed a value of +/- 20% by a predetermined value. Particularly advantageous is a fluctuation range of less than +/- 15% by a predetermined value. The fluctuation ranges of the luminous intensity of commercially available LEDs is +/- 45% by a predetermined value. Advantageously, the predetermined value of the light intensity is in the range of 1000 - 1300 mcd.
Die vorgenannten Größen der bevorzugten Werte der Lichtstärke, Farbtemperatur, sowie der Durchlassspannung stellen bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele dar, bei denen derzeit handelsüblich LEDs Verwendung finden. Im Hinblick auf die schnell voranschreitende Entwicklung der LED-Technologie sind daher auch andere vorbestimmte Werte der Lichtstärke, Farbtemperatur und Durchlassspannung für eine Flachleuchte gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung möglich, solange die relative Schwankungsbreite um diese vorbestimmten Werte nicht die von der Erfindung vorgegebenen Grenzen überschreitet.The aforementioned magnitudes of the preferred values of light intensity, color temperature, as well as the forward voltage represent preferred embodiments in which currently commercially available LEDs are used. In view of the rapidly advancing development of LED technology are therefore also others predetermined values of the luminous intensity, color temperature and forward voltage for a flat lamp according to the present invention are possible as long as the relative fluctuation width by these predetermined values does not exceed the limits given by the invention.
Die auf dem Flächenleuchtmittel angebrachten LEDs sind vorzugsweise als "Surface-Mount"-LEDs (SMD-LEDs) ohne hervorragenden Linsenteil ausgebildet. Im Falle der erfindungsgemäßen Kombination einer hohen LED Anordnungsdichte über einer Mindestfläche von 250 cm2 treten bei der Verwendung herkömmlicher radialer LEDs störende Lichtverfälschungen auf. Radiale LEDs weisen ein hervorstehendes Linsenteil auf, an dem das austretende Licht gebrochen wird. Bei Leuchtkörpern mit wenigen LEDs sind diese Effekte in der Regel nicht wahrnehmbar. Die erfindungsgemäße hohe Zahl dicht angeordneter LEDs führt jedoch bei radialen LEDs zu dunklen wahrnehmbare "Licht -Flecken" auf dem Flächenleuchtmittel. Die Lichtbrechung am hervorstehenden Linsenteil erzeugt zudem ein wärmeres Licht mit einem höheren Anteil an Gelb- und Rotfrequenzen. Durch Verwendung von SMD LEDs ohne hervorragenden Linsenteil können diese Störeffekte zuverlässig vermieden werden.The LEDs mounted on the surface illuminant are preferably designed as surface-mount LEDs (SMD LEDs) without an outstanding lens part. In the case of the combination according to the invention of a high LED arrangement density over a minimum area of 250 cm 2 , disturbing light distortions occur when conventional radial LEDs are used. Radial LEDs have a protruding lens portion where the emergent light is refracted. For lights with few LEDs, these effects are usually imperceptible. The high number of densely arranged LEDs according to the invention, however, leads to dark perceptible "light spots" on the surface illuminant in the case of radial LEDs. The refraction of light on the protruding lens part also produces a warmer light with a higher proportion of yellow and red frequencies. By using SMD LEDs without an excellent lens part these disturbing effects can be reliably avoided.
Das im Vergleich zur Verwendung von radialen LEDs kältere emittierte Licht der SMD LED ist zudem besonders vorteilhaft für Anwendungen in dunklen, öligen Maschinenbearbeitungsräumen, da diese Räume kaltes Licht im Vergleich zu wärmeren Licht besser reflektieren.Moreover, the SMD LED emitted light, which is colder compared to the use of radial LEDs, is particularly advantageous for applications in dark, oily machining areas, as these spaces better reflect cold light compared to warmer light.
Ein weiterer Vorteil von SMD LEDs ist das bessere Thermomanagement des Beleuchtungskörpers. SMD LEDs weisen in der Regel zwei plane Auflageflächen auf, mittels derer die LED direkt auf eine thermisch-leitende Fläche der Leiterplatte, vorzugsweise mit Wärmeleitpads versehen, angebracht wird, wodurch die entstehende Wärme der LED abgeleitet werden kann. Radiale LEDs werden in der Regel auf eine Leiterplatte montiert, wobei die Beine der LEDs durch den Print der Leiterplatte gesteckt und von der Rückseite angelötet werden. Dadurch können diese nur schwierig gekühlt werden. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen hohen Zahl dicht angeordneter LEDs kommt es zu einer besonders starken Wärmeentwicklung, wobei die geringe Bauhöhe von < 30 mm und die für industrielle Anwendungen oftmals hohe Umgebungstemperatur (bis zu 45°C) und notwendige Dichtheit der Flachleuchte gegen Staub und Wasser und der hieraus reduzierten Luftzirkulation das Thermomanagement zusätzlich erschweren. Um das Thermomanagement der Flachleuchte weiter zu verbessern, ist es vorteilhaft eine metallbasierte Leiterplatte zu verwenden, da diese eine verbesserte Wärmeleitfähigkeit im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen FR2 oder FR4-Leiterplatten aufweist.Another advantage of SMD LEDs is the better thermal management of the lighting fixture. SMD LEDs generally have two planar bearing surfaces, by means of which the LED is mounted directly on a thermally conductive surface of the circuit board, preferably provided with thermal pads, whereby the resulting heat of the LED can be derived. Radial LEDs are typically mounted on a printed circuit board, with the legs of the LEDs plugged in through the printed circuit board print and soldered from the back. As a result, they can be cooled only with difficulty. In the high number of densely arranged LEDs according to the invention, there is a particularly strong heat generation, the low height of <30 mm and for industrial applications often high ambient temperature (up to 45 ° C) and necessary tightness of the flat light against dust and water and the From this reduced air circulation make the thermal management even more difficult. In order to further improve the thermal management of the flat lamp, it is advantageous to use a metal-based circuit board, as it has an improved thermal conductivity compared to conventional FR2 or FR4 circuit boards.
Vorzugsweise werden für das erfindungsgemäße Leuchtmittel Einzel-LEDs mit einer Leistung kleiner < 120 mW pro LED verwendet. Durch die Vielzahl der verwendeten Einzel-LEDs entsteht eine ausreichend hohe Lichtstärke, wobei gleichzeitig eine zu hohe Wärmeausstrahlung in Abstrahl-Richtung verhindert wird. LEDs mit einer Leistung < 120 mW sind sehr kostengünstig und durch die kompakte Bauweise im Vergleich zu teuren Hochleistungs-LEDs für eine Flachleuchte mit geringer Bauhöhe geeignet.Preferably, individual LEDs with a power less than 120 mW per LED are used for the luminous means according to the invention. Due to the large number of individual LEDs used produces a sufficiently high light intensity, at the same time too high heat radiation is prevented in the emission direction. LEDs with a power <120 mW are very cost-effective and due to their compact design compared to expensive high-performance LEDs for a low-profile flat luminaire.
Zusammenfassend wird durch die vorliegende Erfindung eine kostengünstige Flachleuchte mit einem LED-basierten Flächenleuchtmittel ermöglicht, die ein schatten-, blend- und fleckenarmes, kontrastreiches Licht erzeugt bei hoher Farbtemperatur und Lichtstärke. Im Gegensatz zu den marktüblichen Ansätzen, die Lichtqualität einer Leuchte mittels hochentwickelter und leistungsstarker LEDs zu verbessern, ermöglicht es die erfindungsgemäße LED-basierte Flachleuchte stattdessen eine Vielzahl kostengünstiger und relativ leistungsarmer LEDs zu verwenden. Weiterhin wird durch die hohe Anordnungsdichte in Verbindung mit den geringen Schwankungsbreiten der LED-Leistungsparameter ein Flächenleuchtkörper mittels einzelner LEDs realisiert, der die sonst übliche Schattenbildung und Unregelmäßigkeiten in der Leuchtfläche bei der Verwendung von "punkt -förmigen" Lichtquellen (LEDs) vermeidet und somit ein flächiges Licht auf LED-Basis ermöglicht, dass den hohen Anforderungen im industriellen Einsatz genügt.In summary, the present invention enables a low-cost flat luminaire with an LED-based surface illuminant, which produces shadow-rich, blinding and stain-poor, high-contrast light with high color temperature and luminous intensity. In contrast to the usual market approaches to improve the lighting quality of a luminaire by means of sophisticated and high-performance LEDs, the LED-based flat light according to the invention allows instead a variety of low-cost and relatively low-power LEDs use. Furthermore, due to the high arrangement density in conjunction with the small fluctuation ranges of the LED performance parameters, a surface luminous element is realized by means of individual LEDs, which avoids the otherwise usual shadowing and irregularities in the luminous area when using "point-shaped" light sources (LEDs) and thus a Flat LED-based light enables the high requirements in industrial applications.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung werden im Folgenden unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügte Zeichnung näher beschrieben.
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Fig. 1 zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Flachleuchte; -
Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch ein Rahmenelement mit darin montiertem Flächenleuchtmittel und eine Außenabdeckung der Flachleuchte gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung; -
Fig. 3 zeigt eine vergrößerte Draufsicht auf das Flächenleuchtmittel gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung; -
Fig. 4 zeigt eine Steuerschaltung der Leuchtdiodenstränge des Flächenleuchtmittels gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung; -
Fig. 5a-c zeigen verschiedene Ansichten der eingesetzten LEDs. -
Fig. 1 zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Flachleuchte 1 in 29 Zoll-Ausführung.Die Flachleuchte 1umfasst ein Rahmenelement 10, das aus Aluminium-Druckguss gefertigt ist und eine dunkle Farbe zur Absorption von Strahlung eines LED-basierten Leuchtmittels 20 aufweist. An einer Stirnfläche des Rahmenelements 10ist ein Halteelement 13 zurMontage der Flachleuchte 1 in einer entsprechenden Haltung vorgesehen.Die Flachleuchte 1 weist ferner eine sich über einen äußeren Bereich der Oberseite, sowie einen Teil des Umfangrands der Flachleuchte 1erstreckende Außenabdeckung 12 auf, dieüber Schrauben 14mit dem Rahmenelement 10 verschraubt ist. Eine zumindest teilweise lichtdurchlässige Deckscheibe 11 ist indem Rahmenelement 10 stoßfest festgelegt und besteht beispielsweise aus Polycarbonat oder Polyacrylat oder auch Glas (ESG oder VSG).
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Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the flat lamp according to the invention; -
Fig. 2 schematically shows a frame member with surface illuminant mounted therein and an outer cover of the flat lamp according to an embodiment of the present invention; -
Fig. 3 shows an enlarged plan view of the surface lighting means according to an embodiment of the present invention; -
Fig. 4 shows a control circuit of the light-emitting diode strands of the surface lighting means according to an embodiment of the present invention; -
Fig. 5a-c show different views of the LEDs used. -
Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of aflat lamp 1 in 29 inch design. Theflat lamp 1 comprises aframe element 10 which is made of die-cast aluminum and has a dark color for absorbing radiation of an LED-basedluminous means 20. On an end face of theframe member 10, a holdingmember 13 for mounting theflat lamp 1 is provided in a corresponding attitude. Theflat lamp 1 further has anouter cover 12 which extends over an outer region of the upper side and a part of the peripheral edge of theflat lamp 1 and which is screwed to theframe element 10 viascrews 14. An at least partiallytranslucent cover plate 11 is fixed shock-resistant in theframe member 10 and consists for example of polycarbonate or polyacrylate or glass (tempered glass or laminated safety glass).
Die äußeren Maße der in
Der innere Aufbau der in
Auf den beiden äußeren langen Randstreifen der Leiterplatte 32 sind jeweils 136 Widerstände 33 in eine Linie senkrecht zu den LED 8er und 9er Reihen angelötet. Über die Leiterbahnen der Leiterplatte 32 werden jeweils 7 LEDs und zwei Widerstände 33 in Serie geschaltet. An zwei gegenüberliegenden Ecken der Leiterplatten ist jeweils eine Kabelverbindung 34 zur Spannungsversorgung aufgelötet. An zwei anderen gegenüberliegenden Ecken der Leiterplatten sind zwei Bohrungen 37 für Befestigungsmittel vorgesehen, um die Leiterplatte am Rahmenelement 10 zu befestigen.On the two outer long edge strips of the printed circuit board 32 each 136
Die Erfinder haben bei Versuchsreihen festgestellt, dass die erfindungsgemäße hohe Anordungsdichte der 952 LEDs von 1 LED pro 1,68 cm2 bei marktüblichen Toleranzen der LEDs bzgl. der Durchlassspannung, der Farbtemperatur und der Lichtstärke zu störende Schatten und Lichtflecken führt. Daher werden für das erfindungsgemäße Flächenleuchtmittel in dem Ausführungsbeispiel mit einer passive LED-Steuerung nur speziell vorselektierte LEDs verbaut, die einen sehr engen Schwankungsbereich bzgl. der Durchlassspannung (+/- 0.1 V bei einer mittleren Durchlassspannung von 3.1 V), der Farbtemperatur (+/- 500°K um einen vorbestimmten Wert von 6500°K) und der Lichtstärke (+/-150 mcd bei einem vorbestimmten Wert von 1150 mcd) haben.The inventors have determined in experimental series that the inventive high arrangement density of the 952 LEDs of 1 LED per 1.68 cm 2 at market Tolerances of the LEDs with respect to the forward voltage, the color temperature and the light intensity leads to disturbing shadows and light spots. Therefore, only specially preselected LEDs are installed for the surface illuminant according to the invention in the embodiment with a passive LED control, which has a very narrow fluctuation range with respect to the forward voltage (+/- 0.1 V at a mean forward voltage of 3.1 V), the color temperature (+ /. 500 ° K by a predetermined value of 6500 ° K) and the luminous intensity (+/- 150 mcd at a predetermined value of 1150 mcd).
Weiterhin befinden sich an den äußeren Rändern der Leiterplatte Befestigungsmittel 35 zur Befestigung der Leiterplatte am Rahmenelement 10. Einige dieser Befestigungsmittel sind als Schraubenbolzen ausgeprägt, die sowohl die Leiterplatte am Rahmenelement befestigen als auch als Abstandshalter zum Aufliegen der Außenabdeckung 12 dienen.Further, at the outer edges of the circuit board fastener 35 for mounting the circuit board on the
Die einzelnen Merkmale der Erfindung sind selbstverständlich nicht auf die beschriebenen Kombinationen von Merkmalen in Rahmen der vorgestellten Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt und können in Abhängigkeit vorgegebener Vorrichtungsparameter auch in anderen Kombinationen eingesetzt werden.Of course, the individual features of the invention are not limited to the described combinations of features in the context of the presented embodiments and can also be used in other combinations depending on predetermined device parameters.
Claims (10)
das Leuchtmittel (30) auf einer Leiterplatte (32) flächig angeordnete LEDs (31) mit einer Anordnungsdichte von mindestens 1 LED pro 2,5 cm2 über eine Fläche von mindestens 250 cm2 umfasst, und eine Schwankung der Durchlassspannung der LEDs einen Wert von +/- 5% um einen vorbestimmten Wert nicht überschreitet.Flat lamp (1) comprising a lighting means (30) and a housing (10) for receiving the illuminant with a total height of the flat lamp (1) in the emission direction of <30 mm, wherein
the luminous means (30) comprises on a printed circuit board (32) areally arranged LEDs (31) with an arrangement density of at least 1 LED per 2.5 cm 2 over an area of at least 250 cm 2 , and a fluctuation of the forward voltage of the LEDs has a value of +/- 5% does not exceed a predetermined value.
Priority Applications (3)
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EP09164475A EP2270387B1 (en) | 2009-07-02 | 2009-07-02 | LED flat light |
AT09164475T ATE525612T1 (en) | 2009-07-02 | 2009-07-02 | LED FLAT LAMP |
PCT/EP2010/003949 WO2011000554A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 | 2010-07-02 | Led luminous means and led flat luminaire |
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EP09164475A EP2270387B1 (en) | 2009-07-02 | 2009-07-02 | LED flat light |
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EP2270387B1 EP2270387B1 (en) | 2011-09-21 |
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US10386023B2 (en) | 2013-04-17 | 2019-08-20 | Unity Opto Technology Co., Ltd. | LED light fixture and assembly method therefor |
WO2015197387A1 (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2015-12-30 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Led light source |
CN106023844A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-10-12 | 合肥嫩芽科技有限公司 | LED lamp in advertisement box |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2270387B1 (en) | 2011-09-21 |
ATE525612T1 (en) | 2011-10-15 |
WO2011000554A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
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