EP2264829A1 - Antenne mit Last - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP2264829A1
EP2264829A1 EP10180806A EP10180806A EP2264829A1 EP 2264829 A1 EP2264829 A1 EP 2264829A1 EP 10180806 A EP10180806 A EP 10180806A EP 10180806 A EP10180806 A EP 10180806A EP 2264829 A1 EP2264829 A1 EP 2264829A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conducting surface
strip
antenna
loading structure
conducting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10180806A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Carles Puente Baliarda
Jordi Soler Castany
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fractus SA
Original Assignee
Fractus SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fractus SA filed Critical Fractus SA
Priority claimed from EP01274550A external-priority patent/EP1444751B1/de
Publication of EP2264829A1 publication Critical patent/EP2264829A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H01Q5/364—Creating multiple current paths
    • H01Q5/371—Branching current paths

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel loaded antenna which operates simultaneously at several bands and featuring a smaller size with respect to prior art antennas.
  • the radiating element of the novel loaded antenna consists on two different parts: a conducting surface with a polygonal, space-filling or multilevel shape; and a loading structure consisting on a set of strips connected to said first conducting surface.
  • the invention refers to a new type of loaded antenna which is mainly suitable for mobile communications or in general to any other application where the integration of telecom systems or applications in a single small antenna is important.
  • A.G. Kandoian A.G.Kandoian, "Three new antenna types and their applications, Proc. IRE, vol. 34, pp. 70W-75W, February 1946 ) introduced the concept of loaded antennas and demonstrated how the length of a quarter wavelength monopole can be reduced by adding a conductive disk at the top of the radiator. Subsequently, Goubau presented an antenna structure top-loaded with several capacitive disks interconnected by inductive elements which provided a smaller size with a broader bandwith, as is illustrated in U.S. Patent No.3,967,276 entitled "Antenna structures having reactance at free end".
  • U.S. Patent No.5,847,682 entitled “Top loaded triangular printed antenna” discloses a triangular-shaped printed antenna with its top connected to a rectangular strip. The antenna features a low-profile and broadband performance. However, none of these antenna configurations provide a multiband behaviour.
  • Patent IVo. WO0122528 entitled “Multilevel Antennas” another patent of the present inventors, there is a particular case of a top-loaded antenna with an inductive loop, which was used to miniaturize an antenna for a dual frequency operation.
  • W.Dou and W.Y.M.Chia presented another particular antecedent of a top-loaded antenna with a broadband behavior.
  • the antenna was a rectangular monopole top-loaded with one rectangular arm connected at each of the tips of the rectangular shape.
  • the width of each of the rectangular arms is on the order of the width of the fed element, which is not the case of the present invention.
  • the key point of the present invention is the shape of the radiating element of the antenna, which consists on two main parts: a conducting surface and a loading structure.
  • Said conducting surface has a polygonal, space-filling or multilevel shape and the loading structure consists on a conducting strip or set of strips connected to said conducting surface.
  • at least one loading strip must be directly connected at least at one point on the perimeter of said conducting surface.
  • circular or elliptical shapes are included in the set of possible geometries of said conducting surfaces since they can be considered polygonal structures with a large number of sides.
  • the antenna can feature a small and multiband, and sometimes a multiband and wideband, performance.
  • the multiband properties of the loaded antenna can be adjusted by modifying the geometry of the load and/or the conducting surface.
  • This novel loaded antenna allows to obtain a multifrequency performance, obtaining similar radioelectric parameters at several bands.
  • the loading structure can consist for instance on a single conducting strip.
  • said loading strip must have one of its two ends connected to a point on the perimeter of the conducting surface (i.e., the vertices or edges).
  • the other tip of said strip is left free in some embodiments while, in other embodiments it is also connected at a point on the perimeter of said conducting surface.
  • the loading structure can include not only a single strip but also a plurality of loading strips located at different locations along its perimeter.
  • the geometries of the loads that can be connected to the conducting surface according to the present invention are:
  • the loading structure described above is connected to the conducting surface while in other embodiments, the tips of a plurality of the loading strips are connected to other strips.
  • said additional load can either have one tip free of connection, or said tip connected to the previous loading strip, or both tips connected to previous strip or one tip connected to previous strip and the other tip connected to the conducting surface.
  • a central portion of said conducting surface is even removed to further reduce the size of the antenna.
  • Fig.1 and Fig.2 show some examples of the radiating element for a loaded antenna according to the present invention.
  • the conducting surface is a trapezoid while in drawings 4 to 7 said surface is a triangle. It can be seen that in these cases, the conducting surface is loaded using different strips with different lengths, orientations and locations around the perimeter of the trapezoid, Fig.1 .
  • the load can have either one or both of its ends connected to the conducting surface, Fig.2 .
  • a preferred embodiment of the loaded antenna is a monopole configuration as shown in Fig.11 .
  • the antenna includes a conducting or superconducting counterpoise or ground plane (48).
  • a handheld telephone case, or even a part of the metallic structure of a car or train can act as such a ground conterpoise.
  • the ground and the monopole arm (here the arm is represented with the loaded structure (26), but any of the mentioned loaded antenna structure could be taken instead) are excited as usual in prior art monopole by means of, for instance, a transmission line (47).
  • Said transmission line is formed by two conductors, one of the conductors is connected to the ground counterpoise while the other is connected to a point of the conducting or superconducting loaded structure.
  • a coaxial cable (47) has been taken as a particular case of transmission line, but it is clear to any skilled in the art that other transmission lines (such as for instance a microstrip arm) could be used to excite the monopole.
  • the loaded monopole can be printed over a dielectric substrate (49).
  • FIG.12 Another preferred embodiment of the loaded antenna is a monopole configuration as shown in Fig.12 .
  • the assembly of the antenna (feeding scheme, ground plane, etc) is the same as the considered in the embodiment described in Fig.11 .
  • the loaded antenna consists of a trapezoid element top-loaded with one of the mentioned curves.
  • one of the main differences is that, being the antenna edged on dielectric substrate, it also includes a conducting surface on the other side of the dielectric (51) with the shape of the load.
  • This preferred configuration allows to miniaturize the antenna and also to adjust the multiband parameters of the antenna, such as the spacing the between bands.
  • Fig.13 describes a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • a two-arm antenna dipole is constructed comprising two conducting or superconducting parts, each part being a side-loaded multilevel structure.
  • a particular case of the loaded antenna (26) has been chosen here; obviously, other structures, as for instance, those described in Fig. 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 and 8 , could be used instead.
  • Both, the conducting surfaces and the loading structures are lying on the same surface.
  • the two closest apexes of the two arms form the input terminals (50) of the dipole.
  • the terminals (50) have been drawn as conducting or superconducting wires, but as it is clear to those skilled in the art, such terminals could be shaped following any other pattern as long as they are kept small in terms of the operating wavelength.
  • the arms of the dipoles can be rotated and folded in different ways to finely modify the input impedance or the radiation properties of the antenna such as, for instance, polarization.
  • a loaded dipole is also shown in Fig.13 where the conducting or superconducting loaded arms are printed over a dielectric substrate (49); this method is particularly convenient in terms of cost and mechanical robustness when the shape of the applied load packs a long length in a small area and when the conducting surface contains a high number of polygons, as happens with multilevel structures.
  • Any of the well-known printed circuit fabrication techniques can be applied to pattern the loaded structure over the dielectric substrate.
  • Said dielectric substrate can be, for instance, a glass-fibre board, a teflon based substrate (such as Cuclad ® ) or other standard radiofrequency and microwave substrates (as for instance Rogers 4003 ® or Kapton ® ).
  • the dielectric substrate can be a portion of a window glass if the antenna is to be mounted in a motor vehicle such as a car, a train or an airplane, to transmit or receive radio, TV, cellular telephone (GSM900, GSM1800, UMTS) or other communication services electromagnetic waves.
  • a balun network can be connected or integrated at the input terminals of the dipole to balance the current distribution among the two dipole arms.
  • the embodiment (26) in Fig.14 consist on an aperture configuration of a loaded antenna using a multilevel geometry as the conducting surface.
  • the feeding techniques can be one of the techniques usually used in conventional aperture antennas.
  • the inner conductor of the coaxial cable (53) is directly connected to the lower triangular element and the outer conductor to the rest of the conductive surface.
  • Other feeding configurations are possible, such as for instance a capacitive coupling.
  • the loaded antenna is a slot loaded monopole antenna as shown in the lower drawing in Fig.14 .
  • the loaded structure forms a slot or gap (54) impressed over a conducting or superconducting sheet (52).
  • a conducting or superconducting sheet can be, for instance, a sheet over a dielectric substrate in a printed circuit board configuration, a transparent conductive film such as those deposited over a glass window to protect the interior of a car from heating infrared radiation, or can even be a part of the metallic structure of a handheld telephone, a car, train, boat or airplane.
  • the feeding scheme can be any of the well known in conventional slot antennas and it does not become an essential part of the present invention.
  • a coaxial cable has been used to feed the antenna, with one of the conductors connected to one side of the conducting sheet and the other connected at the other side of the sheet across the slot.
  • a microstrip transmission line could be used, for instance, instead of a coaxial cable.
  • Fig.15 Another preferred embodiment is described in Fig.15 . It consists of a patch antenna, with the conducting or superconducting patch (58) featuring the loaded structure (the particular case of the loaded structure (59) has been used here but it is clear that any of the other mentioned structures could be used instead).
  • the patch antenna comprises a conducting or superconducting ground plane (61) or ground counterpoise, and the conducting or superconducting patch which is parallel to said ground plane or ground counterpoise.
  • the spacing between the patch and the ground is typically below (but not restricted to) a quarter wavelength.
  • a low-loss dielectric substrate (such as glass-fibre, a teflon substrate such as Cuclad ® or other commercial materials such as Rogers4003 ® ) can be placed between said patch and ground counterpoise.
  • the antenna feeding scheme can be taken to be any of the well-known schemes used in prior art patch antennas, for instance: a coaxial cable with the outer conductor connected to the ground plane and the inner conductor connected to the patch at the desired input resistance point (of course the typical modifications including a capacitive gap on the patch around the coaxial connecting point or a capacitive plate connected to the inner conductor of the coaxial placed at a distance parallel to the patch, and so on, can be used as well); a microstrip transmission line sharing the same ground plane as the antenna with the strip capacitively coupled to the patch and located at a distance below the patch, or in another embodiment with the strip placed below the ground plane and coupled to the patch through a slot, and even a microstrip line with the strip co-planar to the patch. All these mechanisms are well known from prior art and do not constitute an essential part of the present invention.
  • the essential part of the invention is the loading shape of the antenna which contributes to enhance the behavior of the radiator to operate simultaneously at several bands with a small size performance.
  • Fig.15 describes another preferred embodiment of the loaded antenna. It consist of an aperture antenna, said aperture being characterized by its loading added to a multilevel structure, said aperture being impressed over a conducting ground plane or ground counterpoise, said ground plane consisting, for example, of a wall of a waveguide or cavity resonator or a part of the structure of a motor vehicle (such as a car, a lorry, an airplane or a tank).
  • the aperture can be fed by any of the conventional techniques such as a coaxial cable (61), or a planar microstrip or strip-line transmission line, to name a few.
  • Fig.16 Another preferred embodiment is described in Fig.16 . It consists of a frequency selective surface (63). Frequency selective surfaces are essentially electromagnetic filters, which at some frequencies they completely reflect energy while at other frequencies they are completely transparent.
  • the selective elements (64), which form the surface (63), use the loaded structure (26), but any other of the mentioned loaded antenna structures can be used instead.
  • At least one of the selective elements (64) has the same shape of the mentioned loaded radiating elements.
  • another embodiment is preferred; this is, a loaded antenna where the conducting surface or the loading structure, or both, are shaped by means of one or a combination of the following mathematical algorithms: Iterated Function Systems, Multi Reduction Copy Machine, Networked Multi Reduction Copy Machine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
EP10180806A 2001-10-16 2001-10-16 Antenne mit Last Withdrawn EP2264829A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01274550A EP1444751B1 (de) 2001-10-16 2001-10-16 Belastete antenne
EP06018550A EP1732162A1 (de) 2001-10-16 2001-10-16 Antenne mit Last

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01274550.1 Division 2001-10-16
EP06018550.1 Division 2006-09-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2264829A1 true EP2264829A1 (de) 2010-12-22

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EP06018550A Withdrawn EP1732162A1 (de) 2001-10-16 2001-10-16 Antenne mit Last
EP10180806A Withdrawn EP2264829A1 (de) 2001-10-16 2001-10-16 Antenne mit Last

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EP06018550A Withdrawn EP1732162A1 (de) 2001-10-16 2001-10-16 Antenne mit Last

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ES (1) ES2288161T3 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2760078B1 (de) * 2011-09-23 2019-10-16 Kuang-Chi Innovative Technology Ltd. Unipolare antenne, drahtlose zugriffsvorrichtung und drahtloser router
DE102014013926A1 (de) * 2014-09-21 2016-03-24 Heinz Lindenmeier Mehrstruktur-Breitband-Monopolantenne für zwei durch eine Frequenzlücke getrennte Frequenzbänder im Dezimeterwellenbereich für Fahrzeuge

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3967276A (en) 1975-01-09 1976-06-29 Beam Guidance Inc. Antenna structures having reactance at free end
WO1997006578A1 (en) * 1995-08-09 1997-02-20 Fractal Antenna Systems, Inc. Fractal antennas, resonators and loading elements
US5847682A (en) 1996-09-16 1998-12-08 Ke; Shyh-Yeong Top loaded triangular printed antenna
WO2001022528A1 (es) 1999-09-20 2001-03-29 Fractus, S.A. Antenas multinivel
WO2001054225A1 (en) 2000-01-19 2001-07-26 Fractus, S.A. Space-filling miniature antennas

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6329962B2 (en) 1998-08-04 2001-12-11 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Multiple band, multiple branch antenna for mobile phone
ATE276722T1 (de) 1998-06-29 2004-10-15 Robert E Weinstein Vorrichtung zur organisation des kombinierten gebrauchs von lokalen aerosolen und oralen medikamenten

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3967276A (en) 1975-01-09 1976-06-29 Beam Guidance Inc. Antenna structures having reactance at free end
WO1997006578A1 (en) * 1995-08-09 1997-02-20 Fractal Antenna Systems, Inc. Fractal antennas, resonators and loading elements
US5847682A (en) 1996-09-16 1998-12-08 Ke; Shyh-Yeong Top loaded triangular printed antenna
WO2001022528A1 (es) 1999-09-20 2001-03-29 Fractus, S.A. Antenas multinivel
WO2001054225A1 (en) 2000-01-19 2001-07-26 Fractus, S.A. Space-filling miniature antennas

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
A.G.KANDOIAN: "Three new antenna types and their applications", PROC. IRE, vol. 34, February 1946 (1946-02-01), pages 70W - 75W
SONG C T P ET AL: "Multi-circular loop monopole antenna", ELECTRONICS LETTERS, IEE STEVENAGE, GB, vol. 36, no. 5, 2 March 2000 (2000-03-02), pages 391 - 393, XP006014920, ISSN: 0013-5194 *
W.DOU; W.Y.M.CHIA: "Small broadband stacked planar monopole", MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, vol. 27, November 2000 (2000-11-01), pages 288 - 289

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2288161T3 (es) 2008-01-01
EP1732162A1 (de) 2006-12-13

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