EP2256411B1 - Exhaust gas line for a heating device or a combustion machine - Google Patents
Exhaust gas line for a heating device or a combustion machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2256411B1 EP2256411B1 EP10163248.7A EP10163248A EP2256411B1 EP 2256411 B1 EP2256411 B1 EP 2256411B1 EP 10163248 A EP10163248 A EP 10163248A EP 2256411 B1 EP2256411 B1 EP 2256411B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- gas line
- particles
- channel
- electrode
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J3/00—Removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire, e.g. from flues by soot blowers
- F23J3/02—Cleaning furnace tubes; Cleaning flues or chimneys
- F23J3/026—Cleaning furnace tubes; Cleaning flues or chimneys cleaning the chimneys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
- B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
- B03C3/12—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by separation of ionising and collecting stations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
- B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/74—Cleaning the electrodes
- B03C3/76—Cleaning the electrodes by using a mechanical vibrator, e.g. rapping gear ; by using impact
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
- F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/06—Ionising electrode being a needle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
- F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
- F23J2217/102—Intercepting solids by filters electrostatic
Definitions
- the invention relates to an exhaust pipe for the derivation of a particle-containing exhaust gas from a heater or an internal combustion engine, an electrostatic precipitator for an emission control system and a power plant with a particulate matter emitting incinerator.
- emission control systems e.g., heating systems, heaters, and combustion engines
- emission control systems are used in biomass heating systems, where in addition to otherwise economic and environmental benefits increased emissions of pollutants in the exhaust gases can occur.
- biomass heating systems where in addition to otherwise economic and environmental benefits increased emissions of pollutants in the exhaust gases can occur.
- relatively high emission of particulate matter as a pollutant component is a problem in biomass heating systems.
- exhaust pipes are generally metal or plastic pipelines which form a flow channel with a channel wall and a channel interior.
- exhaust gas purification systems and electrostatic precipitators usually include a flow channel with channel wall and channel interior or an exhaust pipe. Both the conventional exhaust pipes and the flow channels of emission control systems and electrostatic precipitators pollute during operation. Part of the pollution are fine dust particles from the combustion exhaust gas, which are deposited on the duct wall.
- exhaust pipes or their channel walls must be regularly cleaned and freed of adhering particles.
- An emission control system which is used for biomass heating systems to reduce particulate matter emission.
- These described device can be installed in a flue gas or exhaust duct and has for this purpose a lid which is gas-tight placed on an associated opening on a flue gas duct.
- a spray electrode for example in the form of a tensioned rod, is held over an insulating holder.
- a high-voltage transformer with rectifier function allows the construction of a high DC voltage between the wire and the lid, which is electrically connected to the furnace tube, so that it acts as a collector electrode.
- Such an electrostatic filter with a spray electrode and a collector electrode is also known as an electrostatic precipitator.
- This is used for exhaust gas purification in an exhaust pipe of a heating system.
- a capacitor is formed by the spray, which runs approximately centrally through the exhaust pipe and therefore also referred to as the center electrode, and a peripheral surface of the exhaust pipe, which is also referred to as a cylindrical capacitor in a cylindrical tube-shaped design of the exhaust pipe.
- the spray or center electrode generally has a circular cross section in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, wherein the diameter of the cross section or the radius of curvature is generally formed relatively small (for example, less than 0.4 mm).
- a transverse electrostatic field to the flow direction is formed by the center electrode and the collector electrode formed by the lateral surface with field lines from the center electrode to the collector electrode.
- a high voltage is applied to the center electrode, for example in the range of 15 kV.
- a corona discharge is formed, through which the particles flowing through the field in the exhaust gas are charged in a unipolar manner. Due to this charge, most of the particles migrate by electrostatic Coulomb forces to the inner wall (duct wall) of the exhaust pipe, which serves as a collector electrode.
- the particles are electrostatically charged by the corona discharge which forms along the surface of the electrode. This is done at the molecular level by the following process: Is the electrode z. B. compared to the exhaust pipe to negative high voltage, so a large number of gas molecules is negatively charged. They move in the electric field applied by the electrode and the exhaust pipe (duct wall, collector electrode) in the direction of the exhaust pipe. If these meet on their way through the exhaust pipe to electrically neutral particles, they stick to these and charge the previously neutral particles also negative. The charged particles flow driven by electrostatic Deflection forces to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe. Here the particles stick, lose their charge and are safely removed from the exhaust stream.
- This core process can be disturbed by the following effects: Burning produces bipolar charged particles.
- the distribution is symmetrical, ie, there are the same number of positive and negative charged particles.
- the number of charged particles is reduced by approx. 10% per second due to coagulation, there are still more than 10% charged particles at the electrostatic precipitator (corresponding to about one to two seconds of particle flying time from the place of combustion).
- a disadvantage of the electrostatic precipitators according to the prior art is that it comes after a long period of operation due to particle deposits to a continuous degradation of the corona current at a constant high voltage. As a result, the charging efficiency of the electrode decreases, which in turn reduces the separation efficiency of the entire system. In addition, the particle deposits narrow the flow area and affect the safe and complete removal of the Exhaust gases from the power generation plant. Therefore, exhaust pipes or their channel walls must be cleaned regularly and freed of adhering particles.
- the EP 2156895 A2 discloses an electrostatic precipitator, in particular for an exhaust line of an exhaust gas purification system, with a flow channel having a channel wall and a channel inside, through which a particle-containing exhaust gas flows in a flow direction, and an electrode in the channel interior substantially in the flow direction with an electrode feed, for forming an electric field between the electrode and the channel wall, characterized in that further comprises at least one Pumbleabweisesch is included, which prevents particles of the exhaust gas deposited on the electrode.
- the invention has for its object to provide an exhaust pipe for the discharge of exhaust gas from a power plant, an electrostatic precipitator for an emission control system and a power plant with a fine dust-emitting combustion system, which overcome these disadvantages and in particular prevents deposition of particles on the electrodes or reduced to increase the cleaning and maintenance intervals as well as the service life.
- the exhaust pipe according to the invention with a flow channel with a channel wall and a channel interior for discharging a particle-containing exhaust gas from a power plant is characterized in that at least one Pumbleabweisesch is included, which is designed as a thermally induced moving element, which deforms upon temperature change and a deposition of particles of the At least partially prevents exhaust gas on the channel wall and / or dissolves adhering particles at least partially from the channel wall.
- the movement element is at least partially formed spirally in the manner of a spiral spring.
- one or more such coil springs may carry a brush and / or a wiper and brush and / or wipe adhering particles from the duct wall upon deformation of the spring.
- the particle repelling agent can deposit particles on other components, I For example, components of an electrostatic precipitator, effectively reduce.
- the deformation of the moving element is thermally induced, which means that a change in temperature of the moving element causes this deformation.
- the heat input which causes the change in temperature, comes from the exhaust gas flow in the exhaust pipe.
- hot exhaust gases are generated by combustion of an energy source. These flow from the power generation plant through the exhaust pipe into the open environment. When flowing through the exhaust pipe, the exhaust gases heat the moving elements to a higher temperature, the moving elements then deform. This deformation can be continuous and substantially proportional to a steadily increasing temperature, or it can also be delayed and abrupt.
- the moving element is disposed within the flow channel. In another embodiment, it is arranged outside the flow channel.
- the moving element is formed as an integral portion of the exhaust pipe. In a further embodiment, it is designed as a separate unit.
- the movement element moves relative to the channel wall and / or it moves the exhaust pipe or the channel wall relative to a rest position.
- the movement element is designed for contacting the exhaust pipe or the duct wall in order to shake or vibrate the duct wall during a movement of the movement element and to detach particles thus adhering from the duct wall.
- the movement element is designed to contact particles adhering to the channel wall in order to at least partially detach, strip and / or brush off the particles from the channel wall during a movement of the movement element.
- the movement element comprises a shaped bimetal.
- the bimetal further elements can be coupled, which are driven by the bimetal.
- movement of other elements or mechanisms is initiated by the bimetal in the supply and removal of heat.
- the Movement element may also be the separate bimetal, which moves accordingly relative to the channel wall.
- An exemplary embodiment of the exhaust pipe provides that the movement element is designed as a snap element arranged on the channel wall which thermally induces when a limit temperature is exceeded from a first stable position (first form) to a second stable position (second form), snaps (deforms), and when falling below a threshold temperature from the second stable position to the first stable position, snaps back (deforms back) to prevent deposition of particles on the channel wall. By snapping over, adhering particles are knocked off the channel wall.
- the moving element may have various shapes. It can be formed as different bimetals several sections of the moving element.
- the bimetal can be pre-stamped in various forms, for example, serpentine, wavy, sawtooth wave, etc., to realize corresponding deformations.
- At least one particle-repelling agent has a particle non-stick coating which prevents permanent adhesion of particles to the particle-repelling agent and / or the channel wall by reducing adhesive parameters.
- the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention for an exhaust gas purification system with an exhaust pipe comprising a flow channel having a channel wall and a channel inside, through which a particle-containing exhaust gas flows in a flow direction, and an electrode extending in the channel interior in the flow direction, to form an electric field between the electrode and the duct wall, is characterized in that an exhaust pipe according to the invention is designed according to one of claims 1 to 7.
- the power generation plant according to the invention for generating energy by combustion of a fuel with a particulate matter emitting combustion system, wherein particulate exhaust gases are formed is characterized by an inventive exhaust pipe according to one of claims 1 to 7 and / or an electrostatic precipitator according to claim 8.
- Under power generation plant is here a device understood with the heat energy or kinetic energy is generated, or with which an energy form is converted into another form of energy.
- the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention and the power generation plant according to the invention in particular the following advantages are realized: A prevention or reduction of fine dust deposits on the channel wall and on the electrode is realized.
- the system can be relieved of fine dust deposits reliably by moving the Prismabweisesch relative to the channel wall along the channel wall.
- a snapping or beating motion is realized, which is achieved in particular by a corresponding pre-stamping of the bimetallic strip or the bimetallic strip.
- pre-stamping when heating when starting the heater or heater operation first, the shape of the bimetal remains constant until the heat energy is sufficient to initiate the inhibited by pre-deformation (cracking-frog effect).
- the subsequent movement then has a high acceleration, which shakes the exhaust pipe or the channel wall and / or vibrated and used to remove particles. Conversely, even when cooling down after switching off the heating system by jumping the pre-stamping a snapping motion triggered.
- the bimetal passes through the temperature range of the snapping deformation.
- a series of knockouts is provided for the particle-repelling means, which are then zigzag-shaped, for example. Every time the stove is started and stopped, the slightly adhering fine dust is shaken off the duct wall by vibration.
- the pre-stamping is to be dimensioned so that a corresponding distance to the surrounding furnace pipe is always maintained.
- the deformation of the bimetal advantageously operates a kind of hammer mechanism which once strikes the channel wall when heated and cooled (switching on or off the furnace) and freed of dust deposits.
- the channel wall or the particle repelling agent is provided with an anti-adhesion layer, for.
- polyorganosiloxanes polysiloxanes, hybrid materials of inorganic and organic polymers and coating materials containing non-stick particles.
- a corresponding doping of the silicon-oxygen compound ensures a sufficient for use as a discharge electrode high electrical conductivity or plasma resistance. Due to the mechanical cleaning by at least one bimetal dust deposits on the channel wall can be shaken off periodically.
- This option does not consume additional energy as the bimetal is activated by the temperature change generated when the stove is turned on or off.
- the charging unit formed from the electrode, electrode feed and possibly insulation is installed close behind the heating system, temperatures between 200 ° C (wood pellet heating systems) and 400 ° C (firewood systems) can occur due to the hot exhaust gas.
- the emitted dust particles (especially in the case of firewood combustion) consist of a large proportion of carbon and are therefore combustible. Under these conditions, it makes sense to provide the thermal oxidation as a regeneration mechanism of the charging unit. This burnup is supported catalytically according to a further embodiment by a suitable coating of the inner wall of the charging unit.
- Fig. 1 schematically shows a longitudinal section through an embodiment of a non-inventive power generation plant 100 with electrostatic precipitator 1 and exhaust pipe 2.
- the heating system 100 is designed to generate energy by burning an energy source such as biomass and includes in addition to the electrostatic precipitator 1, a heating system 110.
- the heating system 110th is designed as a particulate matter emitting heating system such as a biomass heating system for burning a corresponding biomass energy source. In this combustion, particle-containing exhaust gases are produced, which are expelled through an exhaust pipe or an exhaust pipe 2.
- the electrostatic precipitator 1 is arranged in the exhaust pipe 2 of an exhaust gas purification system not shown here and comprises a flow channel 3.
- the flow channel 3 is formed as a tubular portion of the exhaust pipe 2 and includes a channel wall 4 and a channel interior 5.
- an electrode 6 which is also referred to as a center electrode, spray electrode or corona electrode, extends in the interior of the flow channel 3.
- the flow channel 3 is preferably formed in cross-section in the flow direction P rotationally symmetrical about a central axis (not shown here).
- the electrode 6 extends substantially along this central axis.
- the exhaust pipe 2 has an approximately right-angled kink.
- the electrode 6 is in Fig. 1 formed in the section of the exhaust pipe 2 shown here horizontally.
- the electrode 6 is fed via an electrode feed 7, which is covered with an insulator 8.
- the electrode 6 forms a charging unit, in which particles can be charged electrically.
- the electrode 6 forms with the channel wall 4 under application of a high voltage an electric field whose field lines are substantially radial to the electrode 6 and the channel wall 4, substantially transversely, more precisely at right angles to the flow direction P.
- this layer S can be flattened under real conditions by flow-related transports, changed deposition characteristics and increased electrical resistance for outgoing electrical charges, etc.
- Over the operating time growing fine dust layer on the inner channel wall 4 of the exhaust pipe 2 leads over time to a narrowing of the exhaust pipe cross-section. This leads to a deterioration of the exhaust train and can thus react to the combustion conditions.
- the exhaust pipe comprises in the illustrated embodiment in FIG Fig. 1 a P
- Fig. 2 schematically shows partially a longitudinal section through a further embodiment of a non-inventive power generation plant 100 with electrostatic precipitator 1 and exhaust pipe 2.
- the same or similar parts are identified by the same reference numerals. A detailed description of already described components is eliminated.
- the embodiment according to Fig. 2 is based on the same principle as the embodiment according to Fig. 1 differs only by the execution of the Pumbleabweisestoffs 9 and a collecting device 10 for knocked or falling particles.
- the electrostatic precipitator 1 is arranged in the exhaust pipe 2 and comprises the flow channel 3.
- the flow channel 3 is formed as a tubular portion of the exhaust pipe 2 and includes the channel wall 4 and the channel interior 5.
- the particle-containing exhaust gas P flows in the corresponding flow direction , Inside the flow channel 3 extends in Flow direction of the electrode 6.
- the electrode 6 is fed via the electrode feed 7, which is covered with the insulator 8. Due to the existing Prismabweisestoff 9, no particulate layer S is deposited on the channel wall 4, as shown.
- the particle-repelling means 9 is designed as a movement element 9a, which is designed as a thermally induced movement element in the form of a bimetal 11. With a corresponding heat supply or removal, the bimetal 11 moves accordingly from a bistable position to another bistable position.
- the movement element 9a is formed adjacent to the channel wall 4 and contacts it at least partially. As a result of the movement and the associated oscillation, particles adhering to the channel wall 4 are removed mechanically or adhesion is prevented or reduced.
- the bimetal 11 may be formed as a bimetallic strip.
- Bimetal strips consist of two layers of different metals, which are connected to each other and have different thermal expansion coefficients, whereby the bimetal deforms at a certain temperature change. This characteristic is exploited by the embodiment shown here for the periodic passive cleaning of the exhaust pipe of a biomass heating system. Waste particles become according to the embodiment according to Fig. 2 in the collecting device 10, which may be formed, for example, as ash crate or the like, collected and can be disposed of over this.
- the shaken-down particulate matter layer is largely not entrained by the flowing exhaust gas flow, because the particles no longer float due to their size, which is in the mm range.
- Fig. 3 schematically shows partially a longitudinal section through a further embodiment of a non-inventive heating system 100 with electrostatic precipitator 1 and Exhaust pipe 2.
- the electrode 6 with electrode inlet 7 and insulator 8 is arranged here on a vertical portion of the exhaust pipe.
- the embodiment detects Fig. 3 additionally a shielding unit 12.
- the shielding unit 12 is designed so that the electrode 6, the electrode feed 7 and / or the insulator 8 are protected from falling particles.
- Fig. 4 shows schematically in two longitudinal sections and a top view a detailed view of a bistable moving element 9a in an exhaust pipe 2.
- four movement elements 9a are provided, of which only two are shown in the longitudinal section.
- the movement elements 9a are formed on a vertical portion of the exhaust pipe 2 on the duct wall 4.
- the moving elements 9a are shown in a first stable position at low temperatures.
- the movement elements 9a are shown in a heated state in a second stable position.
- the four movement elements 9a can be seen, which are arranged approximately in pairs opposite one another.
- the movement elements 9a are formed as a bimetal 11 with bimetallic characteristics.
- the bimetals 11 are designed such that the temperature range in which the respective bimetal is deformed (activated) is passed through when switching on or off the corresponding heating system 110. These processes lead to a temperature change of the exhaust pipe environment of 150-200 K, that is, a temperature difference between exhaust gas and ambient air.
- a pre-embossing is preferably provided. As a result, when heated, first the shape of the bimetal 11 remains constant until the applied heat energy is sufficient to initiate the deformation inhibited by stamping, which is also called the cracking-frog effect.
- the subsequent movement of the bimetal 11 then has a high acceleration. Conversely, even when cooling down after switching off the heating system by jumping the pre-stamping a snapping motion triggered.
- This can conveniently be achieved by a convex / concave embossment of bimetallic strips, such as in automatically resetting Thermal circuit breakers are installed.
- a plurality of such bimetallic strips are attached to the duct wall 4 of the exhaust duct as bistable snap-action elements, eg as wide elongate strips along the duct wall 4, as in FIGS Fig. 2 to 4 shown schematically.
- the bimetals 11 are formed differently from one another in one embodiment. In principle, the shape of the bimetals 11 is freely selectable. In Fig. 5 For example, different embodiments of the bimetals 11 are executed.
- Fig. 5 shows schematically in two longitudinal sections two different embodiments of the movement elements 9a in an exhaust pipe 2.
- the movement elements 9a are formed as bimetals 11 with snap property.
- the snapping elements designed as small square or circular sheets. These are distributed on the inside of the duct wall 4.
- a particle non-stick coating may include, for example, materials such as polyorganosiloxanes, polysiloxanes, hybrid materials of inorganic and organic polymers, and coating materials containing non-stick particles.
- Fig. 6 shows schematically in two plan views an embodiment of a designed as a spiral moving element 9a Particle repellent 9 in a cold and a heated state.
- a temperature change on a bimetallic spiral 12 or more bimetallic spirals 12 induces a rotational movement.
- One or more bimetallic spiral (s) 12 are housed in the free wall of the exhaust pipe at the channel wall 4 for this purpose.
- the center of the bimetallic spirals 12 is preferably connected non-positively to the exhaust pipe. Due to temperature changes during heating, cooling or dynamic operation of the heating system 100, a slow, steady movement along the inside of the duct wall 4 is impressed on the free outer end of the bimetallic spiral 12.
- the bimetallic spirals 12 are dimensioned that their ends when passing through the typical for the heating system 110 temperature range, typically between, for example, 20 ° C to 250 ° C, perform about one revolution about a spiral center. If the free ends of a plurality of successive bimetallic spirals 12 connected to a wire or flat material of suitable geometry and / or possibly additionally provided with a brush 13, this covers the inside of the channel wall 4, as in Fig. 6 shown schematically in the two figures. As a result, a fine dust layer S adhering there is stripped off and falls in a preferred vertical orientation of the exhaust pipe down into a suitable collecting device 10.
- the bimetallic spirals 12 experience different temperature changes in different mounting position in the exhaust pipe depending on the distance from the heating system 110.
- the bimetallic spirals have different, suitably adapted expansion coefficients. Thus, their free ends during heating or cooling paint approximately the same way along the inside of the channel wall 4 despite different temperature changes.
- the bimetallic spiral 12 may be formed in a plane.
- the bimetal spiral 12 may be formed helically extendable, such as the moving member 9a in the next Fig. 7 ,
- Fig. 7 shows schematically in two longitudinal sections the arrangement of two helical moving elements 9a in a cold and a heated state.
- the temperature change induces an axial extension of a bimetallic cylinder spring formed as a movement means 9a.
- a circumference of the bimetallic cylinder spring nestles against the inside of the channel wall 4, wherein one end of the bimetallic cylinder spring is non-positively connected to the exhaust pipe.
- a pitch of the bimetallic cylinder spring is adjusted so that the thermal expansion when heating the heating system 100 or the heating system 110, the bimetallic cylinder spring expands by about one pitch. This ensures that the entire inner surface of the channel wall 4 in the area of the bimetallic cylinder spring is swept and cleaned.
- the there adhering fine dust layer S is thus stripped and falls in a preferred vertical orientation of the exhaust pipe down into a suitable collecting device 10.
- the bimetallic cylinder spring is also provided in one embodiment with other components, which guarantee the cleaning at a lower friction, eg with brushing elements 13 or something similar.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Abgasleitung zur Ableitung eines partikelbeinhaltenden Abgases aus einem Heizgerät oder einer Verbrennungsmaschine, einen elektrostatischen Abscheider für eine Abgasreinigungsanlage sowie eine Energieerzeugungsanlage mit einer Feinstaub emittierenden Verbrennungsanlage.The invention relates to an exhaust pipe for the derivation of a particle-containing exhaust gas from a heater or an internal combustion engine, an electrostatic precipitator for an emission control system and a power plant with a particulate matter emitting incinerator.
Aufgrund der Emissionen von Energieerzeugungsanlagen und globaler Bemühungen, derartige Emissionen zu reduzieren - siehe zum Beispiel das Kyoto-Abkommen - werden bei Energieerzeugungsanlagen (z.B. Heizungsanlagen, Heizgeräte und Verbrennungsmaschinen) entsprechende Abgasreinigungsanlagen verwendet. Diese sollen insbesondere die schädlichen Stoffe und Partikel aus Abgasen herausfiltern, sodass das verbleibende, gereinigte Abgas bedenkenlos an die Umwelt abgegeben werden kann. Insbesondere werden derartige Abgasreinigungsanlagen bei Biomasse-Heizanlagen eingesetzt, bei denen neben ansonsten ökonomischen und ökologischen Vorteilen eine erhöhte Emission an Schadstoffen in den Abgasen auftreten kann. Gerade die relativ hohe Emission an Feinstaub als ein Schadstoffanteil ist bei Biomasse-Heizungsanlagen ein Problem.Due to emissions from power generation plants and global efforts to reduce such emissions - see, for example, the Kyoto Agreement - energy emission systems (e.g., heating systems, heaters, and combustion engines) use appropriate emission control systems. These are in particular to filter out the harmful substances and particles from exhaust gases, so that the remaining, purified exhaust gas can safely be released to the environment. In particular, such emission control systems are used in biomass heating systems, where in addition to otherwise economic and environmental benefits increased emissions of pollutants in the exhaust gases can occur. Especially the relatively high emission of particulate matter as a pollutant component is a problem in biomass heating systems.
Eine zentrale Komponente zur Ableitung von bei einer Energieerzeugungsanlage entstehenden Verbrennungsabgasen von einem Aufstellraum der Anlage in die freie Umgebung ist die Abgasleitung. Im Zusammenhang mit der hier beschriebenen Erfindung handelt es sich bei Abgasleitungen in der Regel um Rohrleitungen aus Metall oder Kunststoff, die einen Strömungskanal mit einer Kanalwandung und einem Kanalinneren bilden. Auch Abgasreinigungsanlagen und elektrostatische Abscheider umfassen in der Regel einen Strömungskanal mit Kanalwandung und Kanalinnerem bzw. eine Abgasleitung. Sowohl die herkömmlichen Abgasleitungen als auch die Strömungskanäle von Abgasreinigungsanlagen und elektrostatischen Abscheidern verschmutzen im Betrieb. Ein Bestandteil der Verschmutzung sind Feinstaubpartikel aus dem Verbrennungsabgas, die sich an der Kanalwandung ablagern. Um einen Mindestströmungsquerschnitt freizuhalten und eine sichere und vollständige Entfernung der Abgase aus der Energieerzeugungsanlage zu gewährleisten, müssen Abgasleitungen bzw. deren Kanalwandungen regelmäßig gereinigt und von anhaftenden Partikeln befreit werden.A central component for the derivation of combustion exhaust gases produced by a power generation plant from an installation space of the installation into the free environment is the exhaust gas line. In the context of the invention described here, exhaust pipes are generally metal or plastic pipelines which form a flow channel with a channel wall and a channel interior. Also exhaust gas purification systems and electrostatic precipitators usually include a flow channel with channel wall and channel interior or an exhaust pipe. Both the conventional exhaust pipes and the flow channels of emission control systems and electrostatic precipitators pollute during operation. Part of the pollution are fine dust particles from the combustion exhaust gas, which are deposited on the duct wall. In order to keep a minimum flow cross-section and to ensure a safe and complete removal of the exhaust gases from the power generation plant, exhaust pipes or their channel walls must be regularly cleaned and freed of adhering particles.
Aus der
Ein derartiger Elektrofilter mit Sprühelektrode und Kollektorelektrode ist auch als elektrostatischer Abscheider bekannt. Dieser wird zur Abgasreinigung in einer Abgasleitung einer Heizungsanlage eingesetzt. Dabei wird durch die Sprühelektrode, welche etwa mittig durch die Abgasleitung verläuft und deshalb auch als Mittelelektrode bezeichnet wird, und eine umgebende Mantelfläche der Abgasleitung ein Kondensator gebildet, der bei einer zylinderrohrförmigen Ausbildung der Abgasleitung auch als Zylinderkondensator bezeichnet wird. Die Sprüh- oder Mittelelektrode weist in der Regel einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt in Strömungsrichtung des Abgases auf, wobei der Durchmesser des Querschnitts oder auch der Krümmungsradius im Allgemeinen relativ klein ausgebildet ist (zum Beispiel kleiner als 0,4 mm). Um nun die Schadstoffe, genauer die nicht an die Umwelt abzugebenden Partikel, des Abgases aus dem Abgasstrom abzuscheiden, wird durch die Mittelelektrode und die durch die Mantelfläche gebildete Kollektorelektrode ein quer zur Strömungsrichtung verlaufendes elektrostatisches Feld mit Feldlinien von der Mittelelektrode zur Kollektorelektrode gebildet. Hierzu wird an die Mittelelektrode eine Hochspannung angelegt, zum Beispiel in dem Bereich von 15 kV. Dadurch bildet sich eine Corona-Entladung aus, durch welche die in dem Abgas durch das Feld strömenden Partikel unipolar aufgeladen werden. Aufgrund dieser Aufladung wandern die meisten der Partikel durch die elektrostatischen Coulomb-Kräfte zur Innenwand (Kanalwandung) der Abgasleitung, welche als Kollektorelektrode dient.Such an electrostatic filter with a spray electrode and a collector electrode is also known as an electrostatic precipitator. This is used for exhaust gas purification in an exhaust pipe of a heating system. In this case, a capacitor is formed by the spray, which runs approximately centrally through the exhaust pipe and therefore also referred to as the center electrode, and a peripheral surface of the exhaust pipe, which is also referred to as a cylindrical capacitor in a cylindrical tube-shaped design of the exhaust pipe. The spray or center electrode generally has a circular cross section in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, wherein the diameter of the cross section or the radius of curvature is generally formed relatively small (for example, less than 0.4 mm). In order now to deposit the pollutants, more precisely the particles not to be emitted to the environment, of the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas flow, a transverse electrostatic field to the flow direction is formed by the center electrode and the collector electrode formed by the lateral surface with field lines from the center electrode to the collector electrode. For this purpose, a high voltage is applied to the center electrode, for example in the range of 15 kV. As a result, a corona discharge is formed, through which the particles flowing through the field in the exhaust gas are charged in a unipolar manner. Due to this charge, most of the particles migrate by electrostatic Coulomb forces to the inner wall (duct wall) of the exhaust pipe, which serves as a collector electrode.
Wie oben bereits erwähnt, werden die Partikel durch die entlang der Oberfläche der Elektrode sich ausbildende Corona-Entladung elektrostatisch aufgeladen. Dies geschieht auf molekularer Ebene durch folgenden Prozess: Liegt die Elektrode z. B. gegenüber dem Abgasrohr auf negativer Hochspannung, so wird eine große Anzahl von Gasmolekülen negativ aufgeladen. Sie bewegen sich im von der Elektrode sowie dem Abgasrohr (Kanalwandung, Kollektorelektrode) aufgespannten elektrischen Feld in Richtung des Abgasrohres. Treffen diese auf ihrem Weg durch das Abgasrohr auf elektrisch neutrale Partikel, so bleiben sie an diesen haften und laden die bis dahin neutralen Partikel ebenfalls negativ auf. Die geladenen Partikel strömen getrieben durch elektrostatische Ablenkungskräfte zur Innenwand des Abgasrohres. Hier bleiben die Teilchen haften, verlieren ihre Ladung und werden sicher aus dem Abgasstrom entfernt. Dies ist der Kernprozess eines elektrostatischen Abscheiders und führt je nach Geometrie, Höhe des Corona-Stroms, Elektrodenform etc. zu Abscheideraten bis etwa über 90%. Dieser Kernprozess kann durch folgende Effekte gestört werden:
Bei der Verbrennung entstehen bipolar geladene Partikel. Mittels Boltzmann-Verteilung kann der Anteil einfach bzw. mehrfach geladener Partikel abgeschätzt werden. Die Verteilung ist symmetrisch, d. h., es entstehen gleich viele positive wie negativ geladene Partikel. Für Bedingungen, wie sie im Abgas von Biomasse-Heizungen vorliegen, tragen zwischen 15 und 20% der Partikel eine elektrische Elementarladung. Die Anzahl geladener Partikel wird durch Koagulation zwar um ca. 10% pro Sekunde reduziert, dennoch liegen am Ort des elektrostatischen Abscheiders (entspricht ca. ein bis zwei Sekunden Flugzeit der Partikel vom Ort der Verbrennung) noch über 10% geladener Partikel vor. Gelangen die geladenen Partikel nun in die Nähe der auf negative Hochspannung liegenden Elektrode der Aufladeeinheit (Einheit Abgasrohr, Elektrode), so werden die negativen Partikel von der Elektrode weg in Richtung Abgasrohrinnenseite strömen. Die positiven Partikel strömen dagegen auf die Elektrode zu. Hiervon wird ein Teil beim Durchströmen der Aufladeeinheit neutralisiert bzw. negativ umgeladen, der Rest der Partikel gelangt jedoch zur Elektrode und lagert sich dort ab. Über die Betriebsdauer kommt es deshalb zu Funktionseinschränkungen des elektrostatischen Abweisers. Denn der auf der Elektrode abgelagerte Feinstaub verhindert lokal die Ausbildung der Corona. Dadurch verschlechtert sich die elektrische Aufladung der Partikel. Die Abscheideeffizienz des Systems wird degradiert. Zudem existiert in unmittelbarer Nähe der Corona (in einem Radius wenige Millimeter um die Elektrode) ein bipolares Ladungsgebiet. Elektrisch neutrale Partikel, welche dieses Gebiet durchströmen, können auch von einer negativen Elektrode positiv aufgeladen werden. Sie strömen dann auf die Elektrode zu. Ein Teil wird durch die Corona neutralisiert bzw. negativ umgeladen, ein kleiner Rest gelangt jedoch zur Elektrode und lagert sich ebenfalls dort ab.As mentioned above, the particles are electrostatically charged by the corona discharge which forms along the surface of the electrode. This is done at the molecular level by the following process: Is the electrode z. B. compared to the exhaust pipe to negative high voltage, so a large number of gas molecules is negatively charged. They move in the electric field applied by the electrode and the exhaust pipe (duct wall, collector electrode) in the direction of the exhaust pipe. If these meet on their way through the exhaust pipe to electrically neutral particles, they stick to these and charge the previously neutral particles also negative. The charged particles flow driven by electrostatic Deflection forces to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe. Here the particles stick, lose their charge and are safely removed from the exhaust stream. This is the core process of an electrostatic precipitator and, depending on the geometry, height of the corona current, electrode shape, etc., leads to deposition rates of up to more than 90%. This core process can be disturbed by the following effects:
Burning produces bipolar charged particles. By means of Boltzmann distribution, the proportion of single or multiply charged particles can be estimated. The distribution is symmetrical, ie, there are the same number of positive and negative charged particles. For conditions such as those present in the exhaust gas of biomass heating systems, between 15 and 20% of the particles carry an elementary electric charge. Although the number of charged particles is reduced by approx. 10% per second due to coagulation, there are still more than 10% charged particles at the electrostatic precipitator (corresponding to about one to two seconds of particle flying time from the place of combustion). Now get the charged particles in the vicinity of the lying on negative high voltage electrode of the charger (unit exhaust pipe, electrode), the negative particles will flow away from the electrode towards the exhaust pipe inside. The positive particles, on the other hand, flow towards the electrode. Of this, a part is neutralized or negatively charged while flowing through the charger, but the rest of the particles reaches the electrode and deposits there. Over the service life it comes therefore to function restrictions of the electrostatic deflector. Because the fine dust deposited on the electrode locally prevents the formation of the corona. As a result, the electrical charge of the particles deteriorates. The deposition efficiency of the system is degraded. In addition, in the immediate vicinity of the corona (within a radius of a few millimeters around the electrode) there is a bipolar charge area. Electrically neutral particles which flow through this area can also be positively charged by a negative electrode. They then flow to the electrode. One part is neutralized or negatively charged by the corona, but a small remainder reaches the electrode and also deposits there.
Nachteilig an den elektrostatischen Abscheidern gemäß dem Stand der Technik ist, dass es nach einer längeren Betriebszeit aufgrund von Partikelablagerungen zu einer kontinuierlichen Degradation des Corona-Stroms bei konstanter Hochspannung kommt. Dadurch sinkt die Aufladeeffizienz der Elektrode, was wiederum die Abscheideleistung des gesamten Systems verringert. Außerdem verengen die Partikelablagerungen den Strömungsquerschnitt und beeinflussen die sichere und vollständige Entfernung der Abgase aus der Energieerzeugungsanlage. Daher müssen Abgasleitungen bzw. deren Kanalwandungen regelmäßig gereinigt und von anhaftenden Partikeln befreit werden.A disadvantage of the electrostatic precipitators according to the prior art is that it comes after a long period of operation due to particle deposits to a continuous degradation of the corona current at a constant high voltage. As a result, the charging efficiency of the electrode decreases, which in turn reduces the separation efficiency of the entire system. In addition, the particle deposits narrow the flow area and affect the safe and complete removal of the Exhaust gases from the power generation plant. Therefore, exhaust pipes or their channel walls must be cleaned regularly and freed of adhering particles.
Die
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Abgasleitung zur Ableitung von Abgas aus einer Energieerzeugungsanlage, einen elektrostatischen Abscheider für eine Abgasreinigungsanlage und eine Energieerzeugungsanlage mit einer Feinstaub emittierenden Verbrennungsanlage zu schaffen, die diese Nachteile überwinden und die insbesondere eine Ablagerung von Partikeln auf den Elektroden verhindert oder reduziert, um die Reinigungs- bzw. Wartungsintervalle sowie die Funktionsdauer zu erhöhen.The invention has for its object to provide an exhaust pipe for the discharge of exhaust gas from a power plant, an electrostatic precipitator for an emission control system and a power plant with a fine dust-emitting combustion system, which overcome these disadvantages and in particular prevents deposition of particles on the electrodes or reduced to increase the cleaning and maintenance intervals as well as the service life.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dies durch die Gegenstände mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1, des Patentanspruchs 8 und des Patentanspruchs 9 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.This is achieved by the objects with the features of
Die erfindungsgemäße Abgasleitung mit einem Strömungskanal mit einer Kanalwandung und einem Kanalinneren zur Ableitung eines partikelbeinhaltenden Abgases aus einer Energieerzeugungsanlage ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Partikelabweisemittel umfasst ist, welches als thermisch induziertes Bewegungselement ausgebildet ist, das sich bei Temperaturänderung verformt und eine Ablagerung von Partikeln des Abgases an der Kanalwandung zumindest teilweise verhindert und/oder anhaftende Partikel zumindest teilweise von der Kanalwandung löst. Dabei ist das Bewegungselement zumindest teilweise spiralförmig nach Art einer Spiralfeder ausgebildet. Eine oder mehrere solcher Spiralfedern können beispielsweise eine Bürste und/oder einen Abstreifer tragen und bei Verformung der Feder anhaftende Partikel von der Kanalwandung abbürsten und/oder abstreifen.The exhaust pipe according to the invention with a flow channel with a channel wall and a channel interior for discharging a particle-containing exhaust gas from a power plant is characterized in that at least one Partikelabweisemittel is included, which is designed as a thermally induced moving element, which deforms upon temperature change and a deposition of particles of the At least partially prevents exhaust gas on the channel wall and / or dissolves adhering particles at least partially from the channel wall. In this case, the movement element is at least partially formed spirally in the manner of a spiral spring. For example, one or more such coil springs may carry a brush and / or a wiper and brush and / or wipe adhering particles from the duct wall upon deformation of the spring.
Insbesondere wird verhindert, dass Partikel sich dauerhaft ablagern. Darüber hinaus kann das Partikelabweisemittel das Ablagern von Partikeln an weiteren Komponenten, I beispielsweise Komponenten eines elektrostatischen Abscheiders, wirksam reduzieren. Die Verformung des Bewegungselementes ist thermisch induziert, das bedeutet dass eine Temperaturänderung des Bewegungselementes diese Verformung bewirkt. Der Wärmeeintrag, der die Temperaturänderung hervorruft, stammt aus der Abgasströmung in der Abgasleitung. Bei jedem Start und im Betrieb der Energieerzeugungsanlage werden durch Verbrennung eines Energieträgers heiße Abgase erzeugt. Diese strömen von der Energieerzeugungsanlage durch die Abgasleitung in die freie Umgebung. Beim Durchströmen der Abgasleitung erwärmen die Abgase die Bewegungselemente auf eine höhere Temperatur, die Bewegungselemente verformen sich daraufhin. Diese Verformung kann stetig und im Wesentlichen proportional zu einer stetig ansteigenden Temperatur erfolgen, oder sie kann auch verzögert und schlagartig erfolgen.In particular, it prevents particles from settling permanently. In addition, the particle repelling agent can deposit particles on other components, I For example, components of an electrostatic precipitator, effectively reduce. The deformation of the moving element is thermally induced, which means that a change in temperature of the moving element causes this deformation. The heat input, which causes the change in temperature, comes from the exhaust gas flow in the exhaust pipe. At each start and during operation of the power generation plant, hot exhaust gases are generated by combustion of an energy source. These flow from the power generation plant through the exhaust pipe into the open environment. When flowing through the exhaust pipe, the exhaust gases heat the moving elements to a higher temperature, the moving elements then deform. This deformation can be continuous and substantially proportional to a steadily increasing temperature, or it can also be delayed and abrupt.
In einer Ausführung ist das Bewegungselement innerhalb des Strömungskanales angeordnet. In einer anderen Ausführung ist es außerhalb des Strömungskanales angeordnet.In one embodiment, the moving element is disposed within the flow channel. In another embodiment, it is arranged outside the flow channel.
In einer Ausführung ist das Bewegungselement als ein integraler Abschnitt der Abgasleitung ausgebildet. In einer weiteren Ausführung ist es als eine separate Einheit ausgebildet.In one embodiment, the moving element is formed as an integral portion of the exhaust pipe. In a further embodiment, it is designed as a separate unit.
Das Bewegungselement bewegt sich relativ zu der Kanalwandung und/oder es bewegt die Abgasleitung beziehungsweise die Kanalwandung relativ zu einer Ruheposition.The movement element moves relative to the channel wall and / or it moves the exhaust pipe or the channel wall relative to a rest position.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass das Bewegungselement zur Kontaktierung der Abgasleitung beziehungsweise der Kanalwandung ausgebildet ist, um bei einer Bewegung des Bewegungselementes die Kanalwandung zu erschüttern oder in Schwingung versetzt und so anhaftende Partikel von der Kanalwandung zu lösen. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass das Bewegungselement zur Kontaktierung von an der Kanalwandung anhaftenden Partikeln ausgebildet ist, um bei einer Bewegung des Bewegungselements zumindest teilweise die Partikel von der Kanalwandung zu lösen, abzustreifen und/oder abzubürsten.In one embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the movement element is designed for contacting the exhaust pipe or the duct wall in order to shake or vibrate the duct wall during a movement of the movement element and to detach particles thus adhering from the duct wall. In a further embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the movement element is designed to contact particles adhering to the channel wall in order to at least partially detach, strip and / or brush off the particles from the channel wall during a movement of the movement element.
Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass das Bewegungselement ein geformtes Bimetall umfasst. An das Bimetall können weitere Elemente gekoppelt sein, die durch das Bimetall angetrieben werden. Somit ist eine Bewegung weiterer Elemente oder Mechanismen durch das Bimetall bei Zufuhr bzw. Abfuhr von Wärme initiiert. Das Bewegungselement kann auch das separate Bimetall sein, welches sich entsprechend relativ zu der Kanalwandung bewegt.In a further embodiment it is provided that the movement element comprises a shaped bimetal. To the bimetal further elements can be coupled, which are driven by the bimetal. Thus, movement of other elements or mechanisms is initiated by the bimetal in the supply and removal of heat. The Movement element may also be the separate bimetal, which moves accordingly relative to the channel wall.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Abgasleitung sieht vor, dass das Bewegungselement als an der Kanalwandung angeordnetes Schnappelement ausgebildet ist, welches thermisch induziert bei Überschreiten einer Grenztemperatur von einer ersten stabilen Position (erste Form) in eine zweite stabile Position (zweite Form) umschnappt (sich verformt), und bei Unterschreiten einer Grenztemperatur von der zweiten stabilen Position in die erste stabile Position umschnappt (sich zurück verformt), um eine Ablagerung von Partikeln an der Kanalwandung zu verhindern.Durch das Umschnappen werden anhaftende Partikel von der Kanalwandung abgeklopft.An exemplary embodiment of the exhaust pipe provides that the movement element is designed as a snap element arranged on the channel wall which thermally induces when a limit temperature is exceeded from a first stable position (first form) to a second stable position (second form), snaps (deforms), and when falling below a threshold temperature from the second stable position to the first stable position, snaps back (deforms back) to prevent deposition of particles on the channel wall. By snapping over, adhering particles are knocked off the channel wall.
Das Bewegungselement kann verschiedene Formen aufweisen. Es können mehrere Abschnitte des Bewegungselements als unterschiedliche Bimetalle ausgebildet sein. Das Bimetall kann in verschiedenen Formen vorgeprägt sein, beispielsweise serpentinenartig, wellenförmig, sägezahnwellenförmig etc., um entsprechende Deformationen zu realisieren.The moving element may have various shapes. It can be formed as different bimetals several sections of the moving element. The bimetal can be pre-stamped in various forms, for example, serpentine, wavy, sawtooth wave, etc., to realize corresponding deformations.
Noch ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel sieht vor, dass mindestens ein Partikelabweisemittel eine Partikelantihaftbeschichtung aufweist, welche ein dauerhaftes Anhaften von Partikeln an dem Partikelabweisemittel und/oder der Kanalwandung durch Verminderung von Haftparametern verhindert.Yet another embodiment provides that at least one particle-repelling agent has a particle non-stick coating which prevents permanent adhesion of particles to the particle-repelling agent and / or the channel wall by reducing adhesive parameters.
Der erfindungsgemäße elektrostatische Abscheider für eine Abgasreinigungsanlage mit einer Abgasleitung, umfassend einen Strömungskanal mit einer Kanalwandung und einem Kanalinneren, durch welchen ein partikelbeinhaltendes Abgas in einer Strömungsrichtung strömt, und einer sich in dem Kanalinneren in Strömungsrichtung erstreckenden Elektrode, zur Bildung eines elektrischen Feldes zwischen der Elektrode und der Kanalwandung, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine erfindungsgemäße Abgasleitung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 ausgebildet ist.The electrostatic precipitator according to the invention for an exhaust gas purification system with an exhaust pipe, comprising a flow channel having a channel wall and a channel inside, through which a particle-containing exhaust gas flows in a flow direction, and an electrode extending in the channel interior in the flow direction, to form an electric field between the electrode and the duct wall, is characterized in that an exhaust pipe according to the invention is designed according to one of
Die erfindungsgemäße Energieerzeugungsanlage zur Erzeugung von Energie mittels Verbrennung eines Brennstoffes mit einer Feinstaub emittierenden Verbrennungsanlage, wobei partikelbeinhaltende Abgase entstehen, ist gekennzeichnet durch eine erfindungsgemäße Abgasleitung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 und/oder einen erfindungsgemäßen elektrostatischen Abscheider nach Anspruch 8. Unter Energieerzeugungsanlage wird hier eine Vorrichtung verstanden, mit der Wärmeenergie oder Bewegungsenergie generiert wird, beziehungsweise mit der eine Energieform in eine andere Energieform umgewandelt wird.The power generation plant according to the invention for generating energy by combustion of a fuel with a particulate matter emitting combustion system, wherein particulate exhaust gases are formed, is characterized by an inventive exhaust pipe according to one of
Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Abgasleitung, dem erfindungsgemäßen elektrostatischen Abscheider und der erfindungsgemäßen Energieerzeugungsanlage werden insbesondere die folgenden Vorteile realisiert:
Eine Vermeidung bzw. Reduzierung von Feinstaubablagerungen auf der Kanalwandung sowie auf der Elektrode wird realisiert. Das System kann zuverlässig durch Bewegen der Partikelabweisemittel relativ zu der Kanalwandung entlang der Kanalwandung von Feinstaublagerungen befreit werden.With the exhaust pipe according to the invention, the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention and the power generation plant according to the invention, in particular the following advantages are realized:
A prevention or reduction of fine dust deposits on the channel wall and on the electrode is realized. The system can be relieved of fine dust deposits reliably by moving the Partikelabweisemittel relative to the channel wall along the channel wall.
Durch die thermisch induzierte Bewegung des Bimetalls wird eine schnappende bzw. schlagende Bewegung realisiert, die insbesondere durch eine entsprechende Vorprägung des Bimetalls oder des Bimetallstreifens erzielt wird. Durch die Vorprägung bleibt bei Erwärmung bei Heizgerätestart oder Heizgerätebetrieb zuerst die Form des Bimetalls konstant bis die Wärmeenergie ausreicht, um die durch Vorprägung gehemmte Verformung einzuleiten (Knackfrosch-Effekt). Die anschließende Bewegung weist dann eine hohe Beschleunigung auf, welche die Abgasleitung beziehungsweise die Kanalwandung erschüttert und/oder in Schwingung versetzt und zum Entfernen von Partikeln genutzt wird. Umgekehrt wird auch bei Abkühlung nach Abschalten der Heizanlage durch Überspringen der Vorprägung eine schnappende Bewegung ausgelöst. Dies kann beispielsweise durch eine konvexe / konkave Prägung einer Bimetallscheibe erreicht werden. Beim Anheizen bzw. Ausschalten des Ofens durchläuft das Bimetall den Temperaturbereich der schnappenden Verformung. In einer Ausgestaltung ist eine Serie von Vorprägungen für die Partikelabweisemittel vorgesehen, welche dann zum Beispiel zickzackförmig ausgebildet sind. Bei jedem Start und Stopp des Ofens wird der leicht anhaftende Feinstaub von der Kanalwandung durch Erschütterung abgeschüttelt. Die Vorprägung ist so zu dimensionieren, dass immer ein entsprechender Abstand zum umgebenden Ofenrohr eingehalten wird. Weiter ist in einer Ausführungsform vorgesehen, dass die Verformung des Bimetalls vorteilhaft eine Art Hammerwerk betätigt, welches die Kanalwandung bei Erwärmung und Abkühlung (Einschalten bzw. Ausschalten des Ofens) einmalig anschlägt und von Staubablagerungen befreit. Zum leichteren Entfernen anhaftender Verschmutzungen ist in einer Ausführungsform alternativ oder zusätzlich die Kanalwandung oder auch das Partikelabweisemittel mit einer Antihaftschicht versehen, z. B. mit Polyorganosiloxanen, Polysiloxanen, Hybridmaterialien aus anorganischen und organischen Polymeren sowie Beschichtungsmaterialien, welche Antihaftpartikel enthalten. Eine entsprechende Dotierung der Silizium-Sauerstoffverbindung gewährleistet eine für den Einsatz als Sprühelektrode ausreichend hohe elektrische Leitfähigkeit bzw. Plasmabeständigkeit. Durch die mechanische Abreinigung durch mindestens ein Bimetall können die Staubanlagerungen an der Kanalwandung periodisch abgeschüttelt werden. Diese Option verbraucht keine zusätzliche Energie, da das Bimetall durch die beim Einschalten bzw. Ausschalten des Ofens erzeugte Temperaturänderung aktiviert wird. Wird die aus Elektrode, Elektrodenzuführung und ggf. Isolation gebildete Aufladeinheit dicht hinter der Heizungsanlage verbaut, können sich aufgrund des heißen Abgases Temperaturen zwischen 200°C (Holzpellet-Heizanlagen) und 400°C (Scheitholzanlagen) einstellen. Außerdem bestehen die emittierten Staubpartikel (vor allen im Fall der Scheitholzverbrennung) aus einem großen Anteil von Kohlenstoff und sind deshalb brennbar. Unter diesen Bedingungen liegt es nahe, die thermische Oxidation als Regenerationsmechanismus der Aufladeeinheit vorzusehen. Dieser Abbrand wird gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel durch eine geeignete Beschichtung der Innenwand der Aufladeeinheit katalytisch unterstützt. Dies würde sich in einer tieferen Entzündungstemperatur des Rußes manifestieren (ohne katalytische Unterstützung erst bei ca. 600 °C). Falls der katalytische Effekt der Beschichtung nicht ausreicht, könnte der thermische Abbrand der Staubablagerungen extern gezündet werden, z.B. mit einer am Abgasrohr angebrachten Heizspirale. Hier muss jedoch durch geeignete Maßnahmen (z.B. temperaturgesteuerte Abgasklappen) ein kontrollierter Rußabbrand gewährleistet werden. Das Abgassystem könnte sonst thermisch überlastet werden.By the thermally induced movement of the bimetal a snapping or beating motion is realized, which is achieved in particular by a corresponding pre-stamping of the bimetallic strip or the bimetallic strip. By pre-stamping when heating when starting the heater or heater operation first, the shape of the bimetal remains constant until the heat energy is sufficient to initiate the inhibited by pre-deformation (cracking-frog effect). The subsequent movement then has a high acceleration, which shakes the exhaust pipe or the channel wall and / or vibrated and used to remove particles. Conversely, even when cooling down after switching off the heating system by jumping the pre-stamping a snapping motion triggered. This can be achieved for example by a convex / concave embossing of a bimetal disc. When heating or switching off the furnace, the bimetal passes through the temperature range of the snapping deformation. In one embodiment, a series of knockouts is provided for the particle-repelling means, which are then zigzag-shaped, for example. Every time the stove is started and stopped, the slightly adhering fine dust is shaken off the duct wall by vibration. The pre-stamping is to be dimensioned so that a corresponding distance to the surrounding furnace pipe is always maintained. Further, it is provided in one embodiment that the deformation of the bimetal advantageously operates a kind of hammer mechanism which once strikes the channel wall when heated and cooled (switching on or off the furnace) and freed of dust deposits. To facilitate removal of adhering contaminants, in one embodiment, alternatively or additionally, the channel wall or the particle repelling agent is provided with an anti-adhesion layer, for. As with polyorganosiloxanes, polysiloxanes, hybrid materials of inorganic and organic polymers and coating materials containing non-stick particles. A corresponding doping of the silicon-oxygen compound ensures a sufficient for use as a discharge electrode high electrical conductivity or plasma resistance. Due to the mechanical cleaning by at least one bimetal dust deposits on the channel wall can be shaken off periodically. This option does not consume additional energy as the bimetal is activated by the temperature change generated when the stove is turned on or off. If the charging unit formed from the electrode, electrode feed and possibly insulation is installed close behind the heating system, temperatures between 200 ° C (wood pellet heating systems) and 400 ° C (firewood systems) can occur due to the hot exhaust gas. In addition, the emitted dust particles (especially in the case of firewood combustion) consist of a large proportion of carbon and are therefore combustible. Under these conditions, it makes sense to provide the thermal oxidation as a regeneration mechanism of the charging unit. This burnup is supported catalytically according to a further embodiment by a suitable coating of the inner wall of the charging unit. This would manifest itself in a lower ignition temperature of the soot (without catalytic support only at about 600 ° C). If the catalytic effect of the coating is insufficient, the thermal burn-up of the dust deposits could be ignited externally, eg with a heating spiral attached to the exhaust pipe. Here, however, suitable measures (eg temperature-controlled exhaust flaps) must ensure controlled soot burn-off. Otherwise, the exhaust system could be thermally overloaded.
Die Zeichnungen stellen mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dar und zeigen in den Figuren:
- Fig. 1
- schematisch teilweise einen Längsschnitt durch eine nicht erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform einer Energieerzeugungsanlage mit elektrostatischem Abscheider,
- Fig. 2
- schematisch teilweise einen Längsschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Energieerzeugungsanlage mit elektrostatischem Abscheider,
- Fig. 3
- schematisch teilweise einen Längsschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Energieerzeugungsanlage mit elektrostatischem Abscheider,
- Fig. 4
- schematisch in zwei Längsschnitten und einer Draufsicht eine Detailansicht einer Abgasleitung mit bistabilem Bewegungselement,
- Fig. 5
- schematisch in zwei Längsschnitten zwei unterschiedliche Ausführungsformen der Bewegungselemente,
- Fig. 6
- schematisch in zwei Draufsichten eine Ausführungsform eines spiralförmigen Bewegungselements in einem kalten und einem erwärmten Zustand und
- Fig. 7
- schematisch in zwei Längsschnitten die Anordnung zweier schraubenförmiger Bewegungselemente in einem kalten und einem erwärmten Zustand.
- Fig. 1
- schematically partially a longitudinal section through a non-inventive embodiment of a power plant with electrostatic precipitator,
- Fig. 2
- schematically partially a longitudinal section through a further embodiment of a non-inventive power generation plant with electrostatic precipitator,
- Fig. 3
- schematically partially a longitudinal section through a further embodiment of a non-inventive power generation plant with electrostatic precipitator,
- Fig. 4
- 2 is a schematic view in two longitudinal sections and a top view of a detailed view of an exhaust pipe with a bistable moving element;
- Fig. 5
- schematically in two longitudinal sections two different embodiments of the movement elements,
- Fig. 6
- schematically in two plan views an embodiment of a helical moving element in a cold and a heated state and
- Fig. 7
- schematically in two longitudinal sections the arrangement of two helical moving elements in a cold and a heated state.
Im Bereich der Elektrode 6 lagert sich abhängig von den Strömungsverhältnissen nur ein kleiner Teil der abzuscheidenden Staubpartikel ab. Der verbleibende Teil wird stromabwärts abgeschieden. Das hier zur Ablagerung notwendige elektrische Feld wird durch die Partikel selbst gebildet. Sie stellen eine Ladungswolke aus unipolar geladenen Teilchen dar, welche durch Anziehungskräfte und Abstoßungskräfte an die Kanalwandung 4 strömen. Die sich bildende Feinstaubschicht S kann sich in Abhängigkeit von Volumenstrom, Partikelkonzentration, Durchmesser des Abgasrohres etc. bis zu mehreren Metern stromabwärts des beschriebenen Filters erstrecken. Der Betrieb des Heizungssystems 100 kann durch eine zu dicke Feinstaubschicht beeinträchtigt werden. Im Bereich der Elektrode 6 liegt ein etwa gleichmäßiges Schichtdickenwachstum vor. Stromabwärts der Elektrode 6 liegt mit zunehmendem Abstand eine exponentielle Abnahme der Schichtdicke vor. Das Profil dieser Schicht S kann unter realen Bedingungen durch strömungsbedingte Verfrachtungen, veränderte Ablagerungscharakteristik sowie erhöhten elektrischen Widerstand für abfließende elektrische Ladungen etc. verflacht werden. Die über die Betriebszeit anwachsende Feinstaubschicht an der inneren Kanalwandung 4 des Abgasrohres 2 führt mit der Zeit zu einer Verengung des Abgasrohrsquerschnitts. Dies führt zu einer Verschlechterung des Abgaszugs und kann damit auf die Verbrennungsbedingungen rückwirken. Im Falle von Scheitholzanlagen mit einem hohen Kohlenstoffanteil der emittierten Partikeln besteht die Gefahr eines Kaminbrandes. Um ein Anhaften der Partikel zu vermeiden oder zu reduzieren, umfasst die Abgasleitung in der dargestellten Ausführungsform in
Vorliegend ist das Partikelabweisemittel 9 als Bewegungselement 9a ausgebildet, welches als thermisch induziertes Bewegungselement in Form eines Bimetalls 11 ausgebildet ist. Bei einer entsprechenden Wärmezufuhr oder -abfuhr bewegt sich das Bimetall 11 entsprechend von einer bistabilen Position in eine andere bistabile Position. Das Bewegungselement 9a ist benachbart zu der Kanalwandung 4 ausgebildet und kontaktiert diese zumindest teilweise. Durch die Bewegung und die damit verbundene Schwingung werden an der Kanalwandung 4 anhaftende Partikel mechanisch entfernt oder ein Anhaften verhindert oder reduziert.In the present case, the particle-repelling means 9 is designed as a
Das Bimetall 11 kann als Bimetallstreifen ausgebildet sein. Bimetallstreifen bestehen aus zwei Schichten unterschiedlicher Metalle, welche miteinander verbunden sind und unterschiedliche Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweisen, wodurch sich das Bimetall bei einer bestimmten Temperaturänderung verformt. Diese Charakteristik wird durch die hier dargestellte Ausführungsform zur periodischen passiven Abreinigung des Abgasrohrs einer Biomasse-Heizungsanlage ausgenutzt. Abfallende Partikel werden gemäß der Ausführungsform nach
Im Übrigen sind die Ausführungsformen nach
Um ein Anhaften von Partikeln an den Bimetallen 11 bzw. den Partikelabweisemitteln 9 zu verringern, können diese mit einer Partikelantihaftbeschichtung beschichtet sein, die hier nicht dargestellt ist. Hierdurch fallen anhaftende Partikel von den Bimetallen 11 ab oder haften erst gar nicht an. Eine Partikelantihaftbeschichtung kann beispielsweise Materialien wie Polyorganosiloxane, Polysiloxane, Hybridmaterialien aus anorganischen und organischen Polymeren sowie Beschichtungsmeterialien, welche Antihaftpartikel enthalten, umfassen.In order to reduce the adhesion of particles to the
Claims (9)
- Exhaust gas line (2) having a flow channel (3) with a channel wall (4) and a channel interior (5) for discharging a particle-containing exhaust gas (P) from a power generation plant (100), characterized in that
it comprises at least one particle rejection means (9), which is formed as a thermally induced movement element (9a) which deforms during a temperature change and at least partly prevents deposition of particles of the exhaust gas (P) on the channel wall (4) and/or at least partly detaches adhering particles (S) from the channel wall (4),
wherein the movement element (9a) is at least partly formed helically in the manner of a spiral spring (12). - Exhaust gas line (2) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the movement element (9a) is formed as an integral section of the exhaust gas line (2).
- Exhaust gas line (2) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the movement element (9a) is formed as a separate unit in or on the exhaust gas line (2).
- Exhaust gas line (2) according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the movement element (9a) comprises a shaped bimetal (11). - Exhaust gas line (2) according to one of Claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that the movement element (9a) is formed as a snap element (11) arranged on the channel wall (4), which, when a limiting temperature is exceeded, is induced thermally to snap from a first stable position into a second stable position and, when the temperature falls below a limiting temperature, snaps from the second stable position into the first stable position. - Exhaust gas line (2) according to one of Claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that at least one particle deflection means (9) has a particle anti-stick coating, which prevents permanent adhesion of particles to the particle rejection means (9) and/or the channel wall (4) by reducing adhesion parameters. - Exhaust gas line (2) according to one of Claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that a collecting device (10) is provided, which traps and collects falling particles. - Electrostatic precipitator (1) for an exhaust gas purification system, the electrostatic precipitator (1) having an exhaust gas line (2), comprising
a flow channel (3) with a channel wall (4) and a channel interior (5), through which a particle-containing exhaust gas (P) flows in a flow direction, and an electrode (6) extending in the flow direction (P) in the channel interior (5) in order to form an electric field between the electrode (6) and the channel wall (4), characterized in that the exhaust gas line (2) is formed according to one of Claims 1 to 7. - Power generation plant (100) for generating power by means of combustion of a fuel, having a combustion system (110) emitting fine dust, particle-containing exhaust gases (P) being produced, and
an exhaust gas line (2) according to one of Claims 1 to 7 and/or an electrostatic precipitator (1) according to Claim 8.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE102009023522A DE102009023522B4 (en) | 2009-05-30 | 2009-05-30 | Electrostatic separator with particle repellent and heating system |
Publications (3)
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EP2256411A2 EP2256411A2 (en) | 2010-12-01 |
EP2256411A3 EP2256411A3 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
EP2256411B1 true EP2256411B1 (en) | 2019-09-18 |
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EP10163248.7A Active EP2256411B1 (en) | 2009-05-30 | 2010-05-19 | Exhaust gas line for a heating device or a combustion machine |
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DE102014223917A1 (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2016-05-25 | Sms Group Gmbh | Apparatus and method for purifying flue gas of a metallurgical plant |
DE102015204168A1 (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2016-09-15 | Kutzner + Weber Gmbh | Electrostatic particle separation device |
CN105570913B (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2017-08-25 | 四川省宜宾惠美线业有限责任公司 | One kind circulation sand soot blower |
SE1850373A1 (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2019-10-05 | Nibe Ab | Method for providing clean residential comfort heating |
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DE439693C (en) * | 1925-06-21 | 1927-01-19 | Siemens Schuckertwerke G M B H | Process and device for the electrical cleaning of gases |
GB408814A (en) * | 1933-04-28 | 1934-04-19 | Paul Herbelot | Improvements in and relating to electrostatic precipitation devices |
GB850275A (en) * | 1955-10-17 | 1960-10-05 | Holger Lueder | Electrostatic precipitators |
US3606733A (en) * | 1969-07-17 | 1971-09-21 | American Standard Inc | Cleaning control for electrostatic precipitator |
JPS57187050A (en) * | 1981-05-14 | 1982-11-17 | Toyota Motor Corp | Electrostatic precipitator |
DE9419495U1 (en) * | 1994-12-06 | 1995-02-02 | Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co, 35108 Allendorf | Wirbulator |
CH695113A5 (en) * | 2000-10-02 | 2005-12-15 | Empa | Device for flue gas purification in small furnaces. |
DE20115351U1 (en) * | 2001-09-18 | 2003-02-20 | Hengst GmbH & Co.KG, 48147 Münster | Electrostatic precipitator for removal of particles wet with oil from air stream has spray electrode and collecting electrode with surface angled so that particles impact against it |
AU2003904383A0 (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2003-08-28 | Paul Harrison | Apparatus and method for particle removal from small-scale exhausts |
DE102007028134B3 (en) * | 2007-06-19 | 2008-12-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Electrostatic separator and heating system |
DE102008015616A1 (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-10-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Electrostatic separator with particle repellent and heating system |
DE102008038236B4 (en) * | 2008-08-18 | 2011-07-21 | Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 | An electrostatic precipitator and heating system comprising an electrode particle repellent comprising a bimetal |
-
2009
- 2009-05-30 DE DE102009023522A patent/DE102009023522B4/en active Active
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DE102009023522B4 (en) | 2013-08-14 |
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EP2256411A2 (en) | 2010-12-01 |
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