EP2253183A1 - Electrifier for an electric fence - Google Patents
Electrifier for an electric fenceInfo
- Publication number
- EP2253183A1 EP2253183A1 EP09723086A EP09723086A EP2253183A1 EP 2253183 A1 EP2253183 A1 EP 2253183A1 EP 09723086 A EP09723086 A EP 09723086A EP 09723086 A EP09723086 A EP 09723086A EP 2253183 A1 EP2253183 A1 EP 2253183A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- capacitor
- microcontroller
- transformer
- electrical
- track
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002747 voluntary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05C—ELECTRIC CIRCUITS OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR USE IN EQUIPMENT FOR KILLING, STUNNING, OR GUIDING LIVING BEINGS
- H05C1/00—Circuits or apparatus for generating electric shock effects
- H05C1/04—Circuits or apparatus for generating electric shock effects providing pulse voltages
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05C—ELECTRIC CIRCUITS OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR USE IN EQUIPMENT FOR KILLING, STUNNING, OR GUIDING LIVING BEINGS
- H05C3/00—Other circuits or apparatus
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electric fence energizer.
- An electric fence energizer generally comprises one or more capacitors charged at a voltage of a few hundred volts and discharged periodically into the primary of a step-up transformer, the period being, for example, about a second.
- the peak voltage associated with a capacitor is, for a given electric fence impedance connected to the terminals of the energizer, a function of the capacity of the capacitor.
- an 8 ⁇ F capacitor charged at 600 V when discharged into the transformer T, produces an output pulse having a peak voltage U1
- a capacitor of 25 ⁇ F charged at 600 V when discharged into the transformer T, produces an output pulse having a peak voltage U2, with U2> U1.
- the peak voltage of the output pulse varies as a function of the charging voltage of the capacitor. For example, if the capacitor C is loaded at 650 V, the output pulse will have a peak voltage U3, whereas if the capacitor C is loaded at 900 V the output pulse will have a peak voltage U4, with U4> U3 .
- Electrifiers controlling the charge voltage of a capacitor are known for modulating the peak voltage (thus also the peak current) of the output pulse as a function of the impedance at the terminals of the energiser (impedance determined for example by analysis measuring the current and / or voltage of the primary or secondary pulse of the transformer).
- impedance determined for example by analysis measuring the current and / or voltage of the primary or secondary pulse of the transformer.
- these energizers have the disadvantage of being expensive because of the need to provide an electronic stage for modulating the charging voltage of the capacitor.
- the effective safety of the energizer depends on the good state of the resistance. If this - usually a coil resistor, because in the discharge circuit of the capacitor - comes into default, nothing can move in the bypass track. As a result, the entire second part of the pulse systematically flows in the primary of the transformer, and the safety of the energizer is no longer ensured without, moreover, the user is notified.
- WO-95/18520 discloses an electric fence energizer comprising, in series between the primary of the transformer and the ground, a set of electrical tracks in parallel having different impedances.
- the energizer comprises a set of thyristors, controlled by a microcontroller, to select at each moment, from said set of electrical tracks, an electrical track connecting the primary of the transformer to ground.
- the microcontroller In normal operation, the microcontroller systematically controls the thyristors so that they are successively conductors following each other at during each current cycle. When the impedance drops below a predetermined threshold, the microcontroller modifies the conduction times of the thyristors to limit the energy of the output pulses.
- the energizer described in this document has the disadvantage that its operation is complex.
- the control of the thyristors at each cycle causes wear and therefore the risk of failure.
- the present invention aims to provide an energizer that avoids at least some of the aforementioned drawbacks and allows to control the peak current and / or energy simply, economically and safely.
- the subject of the invention is an electric fence energizer comprising at least one discharge capacitor, means for charging said at least one capacitor, a transformer, and a microcontroller capable of controlling the discharge of said at least one capacitor towards the primary of said transformer, characterized in that it comprises, in series between said at least one capacitor and the primary of said transformer, a set of electrical tracks in parallel having different impedances, resistive, and / or inductive and / or capacitive, and a switch for selecting, from said set of electrical tracks in parallel, an electrical track for connecting said at least one capacitor to the primary of said transformer, the microcontroller controlling said switch according to conditions relating to the evolution of the impedance to the terminals of said energizer, said microcontroller controlling, in operation no rmal, said switch so that said at least one capacitor discharges via a single electrical track selected from said set
- said set of electrical tracks comprises at least a first electrical track having a non-zero resistance and a second electrical track having a substantially zero resistance. According to one embodiment of the invention, said set of electrical tracks comprises at least two electrical tracks having two resistances different from each other.
- said set of electrical tracks comprises at least one electrical track having a non-zero capacitance.
- said microcontroller controls said switch so that said at least one capacitor is connected to the primary of said transformer via the electrical track having the highest resistance or the smallest capacitance.
- said microcontroller determines that the impedance at the terminals of said energizer fulfills predetermined conditions, said microcontroller controls the switch so that said at least one capacitor is connected to the primary of said transformer via an electrical track making it possible to increase the peak current of the output pulses.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic view of an electric fence energizer according to a first embodiment of the invention
- Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 showing a second embodiment of the invention
- - Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 1 showing a third embodiment of the invention.
- an energizer 1 comprising a capacitor C, able to be charged to a voltage of a few hundred volts by means not shown.
- the energizer 1 comprises a transformer 4, whose secondary 4b is connected firstly to a high voltage terminal 5 and secondly to a neutral terminal 6, and a microcontroller 3, able to control the discharge of the capacitor C to the primary 4a of the transformer 4.
- One or more fence wires 7 are connected to the high voltage terminal 5.
- the energizer 1 comprises a switch 8 making it possible to select, from among a set of electrical tracks in parallel P 1 to Pj, i being an integer greater than or equal to 2, an electrical track connecting the capacitor C to the primary 4a of the transformer 4.
- the set of electrical tracks comprises a first electrical track P 1 having a resistance R, for example of the order of a few tenths of Ohms, and a second electrical track P 2 having a substantially zero resistance.
- the switch 8 is for example a triac.
- the switch 8 could be a thyristor or a relay or an IGBT.
- the set of electrical tracks comprises a first P 1 resistance track Ri ; and a second track P 2 of substantially zero resistance, connected in parallel on the track P 1 , and comprising a triac able to open or close the electrical circuit of the track P 2 .
- the switch 8 is controlled by the microcontroller 3 so that the capacitor C is connected to the primary 4a of the transformer 4 via the electric track having the highest resistance, that is to say the first track P 1 .
- the microcontroller 3 controls the discharge of the capacitor C through the primary 4a of the transformer 4, via the first track P 1 whose resistance R has the effect of limiting, or "clamp", the peak current and the energy of the output pulse.
- the microcontroller 3 determines the impedance present across the electrode 1 during the last pulses or during the current pulse.
- the microcontroller 3 determines that the impedance fulfills predetermined conditions, for example when the impedance is below a predetermined threshold for a sufficient duration, the microcontroller 3 controls the switch 8 so that the capacitor C is connected to the primary 4a of the transformer 4 via a lower resistance electric track, here the second track P 2 .
- Another example of possible mode of operation of the energizer 1 is that in normal mode the switch 8 is controlled by the microcontroller 3 so that the capacitor C is connected to the primary 4a of the transformer 4 via the electrical track with the weakest resistance, that is to say the second track P 2 . And only when the microcontroller 3 determines that the impedance passes for the first time below a first predetermined threshold (Or, opposite case, above a second predetermined threshold), then, during a given delay time, the switch 8 is controlled by the microcontroller 3 so that the capacitor C is connected to the primary 4a of the transformer 4 via the electrical track having the highest resistance, that is to say the first track P 1 .
- a first predetermined threshold Or, opposite case, above a second predetermined threshold
- the switch 8 is controlled by the microcontroller 3 so that the capacitor C is again connected to the primary 4a of the transformer 4 via the electrical track having the least resistance, that is to say the second track P 2 . Subsequently, the observation by the microcontroller of a rise in impedance above the first predetermined threshold, followed later by a descent below this threshold would see the microcontroller again control the triggering of a new timer and a temporary concomitant clamping.
- This case of the passage of the impedance below the first predetermined threshold corresponds for example to the case of contact of a person on the fence.
- the opposite case of the passage of the impedance above the second predetermined threshold corresponds, for example, to the case of abrupt shortening of the electrified fence length when opening a barrier placed in the middle of the fence.
- FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention in which the set of possible tracks in parallel comprises a first electrical track P 1 having a resistance R 1 , a second electrical track P 2 having a resistance R 2 , a third electric track
- R 3 having a resistance R 3
- R 4 having a resistance R 4
- R 5 having a substantially zero resistance.
- the resistors R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are chosen such that R 1 ⁇ R 2 ⁇ R 3 ⁇ R 4 , for example R 1 > R 2 >
- the operation is similar to what has been described previously.
- the microcontroller 3 determines the impedance present at the terminals of the energizer 1 and then controls the switch 8 so that the capacitor C is connected to the primary 4a of the transformer 4 via the electric track Pj adapted to the impedance.
- the set of electrical tracks P 1 to Pj in parallel can comprise any number of electrical tracks. It is also possible that none of the electrical tracks has a substantially zero resistance.
- each of the electrical tracks may comprise a resistive and / or inductive and / or capacitive impedance, that is to say a purely resistive, or purely inductive, or purely capacitive impedance, or a combination of characteristic impedances. different.
- FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the invention, in which the set of parallel electrical tracks comprises a first electrical track P 1 having a capacitor C 1 and a second electrical track P 2 of substantially zero capacitance. The operation is similar to what has been described previously.
- P 1 to Pj may comprise one or more electrical track (s) having a resistance and one or more electrical track (s) having a capacitance.
- the same electrical track P may further comprise one or more resistor (s) and one or more capacitors (s).
- resistor resistor
- capacitors capacitors
- the energizer comprises several capacitors.
- the microcontroller controls macro-pulses composed of the successive discharge of the capacitors, possibly with partial temporal overlap.
- a macro-pulse is spread over less than 10 ms, as recommended by the IEC 335 -2-76 standard.
- the first capacitor is a capacitor of about 8 ⁇ F. Its value is chosen according to the characteristics of the transformer so that, when it is loaded to the maximum (for example at 600 V), the peak current appearing at the secondary of the transformer is less than 20 A for any higher impedance value. at 50 Ohm.
- the additional capacitors are, for example, capacitors of approximately 25 ⁇ F, which means that, for the very low impedances (from 50 to 100 ohms approximately), the peak current is likely to exceed 20 A.
- the microcontroller for example controls the switch so that the current flows through the track having the highest resistance, resulting in a limitation of the peak current which thus remains less than 20A.
- the microcontroller considers that the switch can be switched to a lower resistance track. Indeed, in this case, even if the peak current of the macro-pulse is greater than 20 A, a sufficient proportion of this peak current will be consumed by the fence, so that the complementary current likely to flow in a human body is less than 20 A.
- This embodiment can be used in a similar manner to control the energy of the output pulse.
- the invention does not result in a primary shunt of all or part of the pulse, but in a clamping, that is to say in a voluntary consumption of a part of the pulse in a component well dimensioned placed in series in the discharge circuit of the capacitor.
- the energizer according to the invention makes it possible to maintain control of the peak current and / or the energy by using a single transformer having only one single primary winding and a failure of the clamping resistor does not result. not by a risk to the safety of people.
- the operation of the energizer is particularly simple, since the microcontroller only controls the switching of the switch to another electrical track in special cases, for example the modification of the impedance or the end of a delay. In other words, in normal operation, each pulse passes entirely through the same electrical track. This also has the advantage of not soliciting at each current cycle the switching of the switch 8 and thus to limit the wear, which reduces the risk of failure.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Discharging, Photosensitive Material Shape In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
- Generation Of Surge Voltage And Current (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0801355A FR2928810B1 (en) | 2008-03-12 | 2008-03-12 | ELECTRICAL CLOSURE ELECTRICAL |
PCT/FR2009/000251 WO2009115711A1 (en) | 2008-03-12 | 2009-03-11 | Electrifier for an electric fence |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2253183A1 true EP2253183A1 (en) | 2010-11-24 |
EP2253183B1 EP2253183B1 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
Family
ID=39811932
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09723086A Not-in-force EP2253183B1 (en) | 2008-03-12 | 2009-03-11 | Electrifier for an electric fence |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2253183B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE515929T1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2928810B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009115711A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NZ509061A (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2003-04-29 | Tru Test Ltd | Output protected electric fence energiser |
-
2008
- 2008-03-12 FR FR0801355A patent/FR2928810B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-03-11 AT AT09723086T patent/ATE515929T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-03-11 EP EP09723086A patent/EP2253183B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-03-11 WO PCT/FR2009/000251 patent/WO2009115711A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2009115711A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2928810A1 (en) | 2009-09-18 |
FR2928810B1 (en) | 2010-03-19 |
EP2253183B1 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
WO2009115711A1 (en) | 2009-09-24 |
ATE515929T1 (en) | 2011-07-15 |
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