EP2225109B1 - Safety element and method for the production thereof - Google Patents

Safety element and method for the production thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2225109B1
EP2225109B1 EP08865891A EP08865891A EP2225109B1 EP 2225109 B1 EP2225109 B1 EP 2225109B1 EP 08865891 A EP08865891 A EP 08865891A EP 08865891 A EP08865891 A EP 08865891A EP 2225109 B1 EP2225109 B1 EP 2225109B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
color
thin film
film element
security
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08865891A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2225109A1 (en
Inventor
Manfred Heim
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
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Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
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Publication of EP2225109A1 publication Critical patent/EP2225109A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29Securities; Bank notes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/21Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose for multiple purposes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324Reliefs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/328Diffraction gratings; Holograms
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/351Translucent or partly translucent parts, e.g. windows
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/364Liquid crystals
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/369Magnetised or magnetisable materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/373Metallic materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378Special inks
    • B42D25/391Special inks absorbing or reflecting polarised light
    • B42D2035/24

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a security element for securing valuables, a method for producing such a security element and a security paper and a data carrier with such a security element.
  • Security elements for the purpose of security, which permit verification of the authenticity of the data carrier and at the same time serve as protection against unauthorized reproduction.
  • security elements can be embodied, for example, in the form of a security thread embedded in a banknote, a covering film for a banknote with a hole, an applied security strip, a self-supporting transfer element or else in the form of a feature area applied directly to a value document.
  • a security thread embedded in a banknote, a covering film for a banknote with a hole, an applied security strip, a self-supporting transfer element or else in the form of a feature area applied directly to a value document.
  • Such a disk is in the WO2006 / 040069 shown.
  • the security elements are equipped with optically variable elements that give the viewer a different image impression at different viewing angles and, for example, show a different color or brightness impression and / or another graphic motif depending on the viewing angle.
  • the present invention seeks to further improve a security element of the type mentioned above and in particular to provide a security element with an attractive visual appearance and high security against counterfeiting.
  • a relief structure in particular a microrelief structure of the type described in greater detail below, is combined with two different color areas, which act very similar from a certain viewing direction, but behave differently when the security element is tilted: in the non-semitransparent ink layer covered color-shifting areas, the color impression of the relief structure for the viewer changes when tilting the security element, while the recessed and covered areas remain color constant when tilted.
  • Such a combination of color-constant and color-variable relief structure areas has a visually attractive effect and is self-explanatory for the user, since the color-constant areas simultaneously form a visually quiescent pole and a comparison point for the color-variable areas in the authenticity check.
  • the combination of two color effects in the immediate vicinity makes it difficult to adjust the security element, as freely available colors or transparencies with color-shift effects can no longer be used directly.
  • the thin-film element can be arranged partially or completely over the relief structure, or even protrude beyond it.
  • the semi-transparent ink layer completely fills the region of the recesses in the absorber layer. Color constants and color-variable areas then complement each other to the complete picture impression of the security element.
  • the semi-transparent color layer does not completely fill the region of the recesses in the absorber layer, but only partially.
  • a further type of relief areas is created, which have a metallic appearance, since their visual impression is determined by the reflection layer of the thin-film element.
  • the design freedom for the design of the security elements is further increased by this measure.
  • the semitransparent ink layer is additionally present in non-recessed areas of the absorber layer above the thin-film element. Such areas remain largely when tilted, if usually not completely color constant. Their use is particularly suitable in those cases in which fine characters or patterns are to be surrounded as color-constant relief areas of color-variable relief areas, where it is often difficult to save the absorber layer accurately under very small color layer areas. Especially with small structures and adjacent, strongly farbkippenden areas, the slightly lower color constancy is virtually imperceptible to the viewer.
  • the semitransparent color layer has a light transmittance of between 30% and 95%.
  • the semi-transparent ink layer can be applied in various ways, with advantage it is printed, for example in screen printing, gravure printing, Flexographic printing, or any other suitable printing process.
  • the semitransparent ink layer can be printed directly on the thin-film element, but it can also be provided between the ink layer and thin-film element and transparent intermediate layers, for example, act as a protective layer or adhesive layer. It is also possible to provide such transparent intermediate layers between the color layer and the phase delay layer.
  • the recesses in the absorber layer and / or the semitransparent ink layer are preferably in the form of characters, patterns or codes.
  • This also includes designs in which the color layer has recesses in the form of characters, patterns or codes.
  • the characters, patterns or codes of the recesses and the color layer may be congruent, such as when the ink layer completely fills the recesses of the absorber layer.
  • the respective characters, patterns or codes can also differ, for example if the ink layer only partially fills the recesses or is also present in regions outside the recesses.
  • the semitransparent ink layer can also have several subregions with different color impression, in which case the color impression of the thin film element is adapted to the color impression of at least one of the subregions when viewed under predetermined viewing conditions.
  • a particularly attractive effect can be achieved if the thin-film element and the semi-transparent ink layer are matched to one another such that when the security element is viewed vertically Color impression of the thin-film element outside the covered areas substantially corresponds to the color impression of at least a portion of the semi-transparent ink layer.
  • the color-variable and the color-constant areas initially convey essentially the same color impression.
  • the color impression changes in the color-variable areas, while it remains unchanged in the color-constant covered areas.
  • the thin-film element has a reflection layer, an absorber layer and a dielectric spacer layer arranged between the reflection layer and the absorber layer.
  • the color shift effect in such thin-film elements is based on viewing angle-dependent interference effects due to interference of the light beams reflected at the different sub-layers of the element.
  • the path difference of the light reflected at the different layers depends on the one hand on the optical thickness of the dielectric spacer layer, which determines the distance between the absorber layer and the reflection layer, and on the other hand varies with the respective viewing angle.
  • the path difference is on the order of the wavelength of the visible light, the result is an angle-dependent color impression for the viewer due to the extinction and amplification of certain wavelengths.
  • a multiplicity of different color-shift effects can be designed, for example tilting effects in which the color impression changes with the viewing angle from green to blue, from blue to magenta or from magenta to green.
  • the reflection layer of the thin-film element is preferably formed by an opaque or by a semitransparent metal layer, in particular aluminum.
  • a reflection layer an at least partially magnetic layer can also be used so that a further authenticity feature can be integrated without requiring an additional layer in the layer structure.
  • the reflective layer may further comprise recesses in the form of patterns, characters or codes that form transparent or semi-transparent regions in the thin-film element.
  • the transparent or semi-transparent recess areas the observer has a striking contrast to the surrounding color effects.
  • the patterns, characters or codes in transmitted light can light up brightly when the thin-film element and the relief structure are applied to a transparent or translucent carrier.
  • the recesses in the reflection layers can also be grid-like, preferably with a small areal proportion of 40% or less, so that they are practically inconspicuous in reflected light and only appear in transmitted light.
  • the thin-film element can also be formed by superimposed absorber layers and dielectric spacer layers, it also being possible for a plurality of absorber and spacer layers to be arranged alternately one above the other. Even such thin-film elements show a color shift effect, but are not opaque, so that the color shift effect is also visible from the back of the security element.
  • the dielectric spacer layer is preferably produced by a vacuum vapor method.
  • the spacer layer also be formed by a printing layer or by an ultra-thin film, in particular a stretched polyester film.
  • Particularly preferred is currently a design in which the dielectric spacer layer is formed by a low-refractive dielectric layer, in particular a vapor-deposited SiO 2 layer or a MgF 2 layer.
  • the relief structure of the security element may in particular represent a diffractive structure, such as a hologram, a holographic grating image or a hologram-like diffraction structure, or else an achromatic structure, such as a matt structure with a non-colored, typically silvery matt appearance, a micromirror arrangement, a blazed grating with a sawtooth groove profile or a Fresnel lens arrangement.
  • the dimensions of the structural elements of the diffractive relief structures are usually in the order of magnitude of the wavelength of the light, that is to say generally between 300 nm and 1 ⁇ m.
  • Some relief structures also have smaller structural elements, such as sub-wavelength gratings or moth-eye structures, whose structural elements may also be smaller than 100 nm.
  • the structural elements of achromatic relief structures are sometimes larger than 1 .mu.m, the dimensions of micromirrors or Blazegitterlinien extend approximately to a height of about 15 microns and a lateral extent of about 30 microns.
  • Relief structures with structural elements of a dimension below 30 microns and in particular relief structures with structural elements in the order of the wavelength of light or less are referred to as microrelief structures in the context of this description.
  • a transparent phase delay layer which forms a phase-shifting layer for light from the visible wavelength range, is arranged in regions over the thin-film element.
  • Phase-retarding layers which in the context of this description are also sometimes called phase-shifting layers, are optically active layers which act on the phase of a transmitted light wave.
  • the partial beams of an incident polarized light wave receive a path difference and thus a phase difference due to different refractive indices. If the phase difference of the two partial beams is just one-half or one-quarter wavelength, so-called ⁇ / 2 or ⁇ / 4 layers are obtained.
  • the phase delay of the phase retardation layer in the invention corresponds to a retardation between about ⁇ / 6 and about ⁇ / 2, more preferably between about ⁇ / 4 and about ⁇ / 2.
  • the path difference is given modulo ⁇ , ie in the range between 0 and ⁇ , since a layer with a path difference of, for example, 5/4 * ⁇ or 9/4 * ⁇ causes the same phase delay as a ⁇ / 4 layer.
  • the phase-shifting layer is formed from nematic liquid-crystalline material and / or that the phase-delay layer is in the form of patterns, characters or a coding.
  • the semi-transparent ink layer is selected such that it substantially preserves the polarization state of transmitted light from the visible wavelength range.
  • the patterns, characters or codes formed by the phase retardation layer can be made equally visible in both the color variable and color constant regions.
  • the security element is preferably present on a substrate, which may be formed in particular by a plastic film.
  • the substrate can be removed from the layer structure of the security element or it can remain as a protective layer as an integral part of the security element in the layer structure.
  • a release or release layer for example a wax, can also be provided between the security element and the substrate.
  • the security element is a security thread, a security tape, a security strip, a patch or a label for application to a security paper, document of value or the like.
  • the security element can also have further layers, such as protective layers or additional effect layers with other security features.
  • the invention also includes a method for producing a security element of the type described according to claim 11
  • a transparent phase retardation layer is arranged in regions over the thin-film element, forming a phase-shifting layer for light from the visible wavelength range.
  • the semitransparent ink layer is advantageously printed in the process according to the invention, in particular in screen printing, gravure printing or flexographic printing processes.
  • the phase retardation layer can also be advantageously printed on the thin-film element and optionally the previously applied ink layer. Alternatively, the phase retardation layer may be applied to a separate carrier film and transferred to the thin film element with the applied ink layer.
  • the invention further comprises a security paper with a security element of the type described, as well as a data carrier which is equipped with such a security element.
  • the data carrier may in particular be a banknote, a value document, a passport, a document or an identity card.
  • the security elements described, security papers or data carriers can be used in particular for securing objects of any kind.
  • Fig.1 shows a schematic representation of a banknote 10 with a security element 12 according to the invention in the form of a glued transfer element. It is understood that the invention is not limited to transfer elements and banknotes, but can be used with all types of security elements, such as labels on goods and packaging or in the security of documents, ID cards, passports, credit cards, health cards and the like. In the case of banknotes and similar documents, for example, security threads and, in addition to supervisory elements, also translucent elements may be considered in addition to transfer elements.
  • Fig. 2 represents a cross section through the security element and Fig. 3 in (a) and (b) shows schematically the visual impression of the security element from different viewing directions.
  • the security element 12 contains a carrier foil 20 and an embossed and cured UV lacquer layer 22 applied to the carrier foil 20.
  • the embossed structures of the lacquer layer 22 form a diffractive relief structure in the form of a hologram.
  • the embossed structures can also be a holographic grating image, a hologram-like diffraction structure or an achromatic Represent microstructure with a non-colored, for example, silvery matt appearance.
  • a thin-film element 24 is applied with color shift effect, which comprises a reflection layer 26 formed by an opaque aluminum layer, a deposited on the reflective layer 26 dielectric SiO 2 spacer layer 28 and a partially transparent absorber layer 30 of chromium.
  • color shift effect comprises a reflection layer 26 formed by an opaque aluminum layer, a deposited on the reflective layer 26 dielectric SiO 2 spacer layer 28 and a partially transparent absorber layer 30 of chromium.
  • the color shift effect of such a thin-film element 24 is due to interference effects due to multiple reflections in the sub-layers 26, 28, 30 of the element.
  • the absorber layer 30 has recesses 32, in the region of which the thin-film element 24 has no color-shift effect due to the lack of interference.
  • the security element 12 further contains a semi-transparent ink layer 34, which is arranged in the region of the recesses 32 of the absorber layer 30 above the thin-film element 24 and the relief structure, wherein the semitransparent ink layer 34 in the in Fig. 2 shown embodiment, the recessed areas 32 of the absorber layer completely fills. In areas 36 outside the recessed areas 32, the thin-film element 24 is present without a printed ink layer.
  • the color layer 34 ends in register with the recesses 32 of the absorber layer.
  • the ink layer 34 may slightly overlap the absorber, or the non-recessed absorber region may protrude slightly into the ink layer regions 34.
  • the thin-film element 24 and the semitransparent ink layer 34 are coordinated with one another in such a way that they produce substantially the same color impression at a perpendicular viewing angle.
  • the color impression of the thin-film element 24 changes in the uncovered areas 36 due to the color shift effect occurring there, while the color impression in the first areas 32, 34 covered by the color layer does not change during tilting.
  • the thin-film element 24 may be designed so that its color impression changes from magenta when viewed perpendicularly to green when viewed obliquely. Coordinated with this, the semitransparent ink layer 34 when viewed perpendicularly conveys a likewise magenta color impression, which, unlike the color impression of the thin-film element 24, remains unchanged when the security element 12 is tilted.
  • the security element 12 thus shows the viewer a hologram motif 40 with two color areas, which behave differently when the security element is tilted.
  • the overlapped areas 32, 34 and the uncovered areas 36 when viewed vertically have a very similar or even the same color impression.
  • the color impression of the uncovered areas 36 changes from magenta to green as the tilt angle increases, while the color impression in the areas covered by the color layer 34 remains constant magenta.
  • recesses 42 may also be incorporated in the reflector layer 26 of the thin-film element 24, which form, for example, a negative writing.
  • the thin-film element 24 is transparent or translucent, so that in addition to the described effects there is a striking contrast effect in the transmitted light.
  • translucency is used here in the sense of a certain translucency, wherein translucent layers usually reduce the brightness of the objects located behind or below them and / or change their color.
  • FIG. 4 shown security element 50 corresponds in its construction largely the security element 12 of Figures 2 and 3 .
  • the semitransparent ink layer 34 in the security element 50 does not completely fill the region of the recesses 32 in the absorber layer 30 of the thin-film element 24, but only partially.
  • another hologram region 56 is formed, in which the visual impression of the security element 50 is determined by the aluminum reflection layer 26, so that the hologram there is silvery-metallic appears.
  • the variety of combinations and the creative freedom for the designer are further enhanced by this measure.
  • the semi-transparent ink layer 54 is additionally present in non-recessed areas 52 of the absorber layer 30.
  • such areas 52, 54 produce substantially the same color impression as the covered areas 32, 34 and the uncovered areas 36.
  • the color impression of the regions 52, 54 varies to some extent upon tilting of the security element 50, since the changing tilt color of the thin-film element 24 through the semi-transparent ink layer 34 slightly shines through, depending on the degree of transparency of the light ,
  • largely color-constant regions 52, 54 can be particularly advantageous if fine characters or patterns are to be surrounded by color-variable relief regions as color-constant relief regions. In this case, it is often difficult, if not impossible, to accurately expose the absorber layer 30 under the very small ink layer areas 54.
  • the largely color-constant regions 52, 54 have a slightly lower color constancy when tilting than the completely color-constant regions 32, 34, this is practically imperceptible to the viewer, especially in the case of small structures and compared to the adjacent, strongly color-tilting regions 36.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show as another embodiment of the invention, a color-shift hologram in which the visual effects described above are combined with a hidden security feature.
  • the security element 60 of Fig. 5 a transparent phase retardation layer 62, which is arranged in the form of a pattern in regions 64 above the thin-film element 24.
  • the phase retardation layer 62 is made of a birefringent material, for example of nematic liquid crystalline material.
  • the layer thickness of the phase retardation layer 62 is typically selected so that its phase delay corresponds to a retardation between about ⁇ / 6 and about ⁇ / 2, preferably about ⁇ / 4, where ⁇ represents a wavelength in the visible spectral range.
  • the regions 64 with the phase retardation layer 62 are virtually undetectable because the phase retardation of the layer 62 acts equally on all polarization directions of the incident light and its light absorption is negligibly small.
  • the operation of the hidden security feature will now be exemplified by means of a ⁇ / 4 phase retardation layer 62 and an applied circular polarizer 70 which transmits only right circularly polarized light.
  • incidental unpolarized Only the right circularly polarized portion of the circular polarizer 70 is transmitted.
  • the right circularly polarized light is reflected by the metallic reflector layer 26 of the thin film element 24 with the direction of polarization reversed, that is to say as left circularly polarized light.
  • the reflected left circularly polarized light is blocked by the circular polarizer 70 so that the partial areas 66 appear dark to the viewer.
  • the right circularly polarized light is converted to linearly polarized light by the phase retardation layer 62 prior to reflection at the reflector layer 26.
  • the unaltered linearly polarized light after reflection passes through the phase retardation layer 62 again and is thereby converted into right-circularly polarized light, which can easily pass through the circular polarizer 70 under the chosen conditions.
  • the pattern of the open security feature therefore appears to the viewer essentially unchanged as bright.
  • the semi-transparent ink layer 34, 54 largely preserves the polarization state of the transmitted light. This ensures that the pattern formed by the phase retardation layer 62 in the color-variable and color-constant regions can be made equally visible.
  • the reflective layer and the absorber layer of the embodiment of the Figures 5 and 6 be provided with recesses, for example, a produce negative metallic writing or local areas of transparency in an otherwise opaque security element.
  • the semi-transparent ink layer can also have a plurality of partial regions with different color impressions.
  • the color impression of the thin-film element can then be adapted to the color impression of one or more of the subregions for one or also for a plurality of predetermined viewing conditions.
  • a thin-film element whose color impression changes from magenta to green when tilted can be combined with a semi-transparent ink layer with two subregions, of which the first subregion appears magenta, the second subregion green.
  • the color impression of the thin-film element When viewed vertically, the color impression of the thin-film element substantially corresponds to the color impression of the first subregion of the color layer (magenta), while it corresponds obliquely to the color impression of the second subregion of the color layer (green).
  • this color change and the associated change in the visual assignment for example, different design elements of the security element can emerge and / or disappear when tilted.
  • Such layer sequences also have a color-shift effect, but are not opaque, so that the color-shift effect is also visible from the rear side of the security element.
  • Security elements with such thin-film elements can be used especially for documents with viewing areas.
  • the mentioned recesses in the reflection layers can also be grid-like, preferably with a small areal proportion of 40% or less.
  • the recesses of the reflection layers are then practically not incident on reflected light, but only appear in transmitted light.

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a security element (22) for securing items of value, with a relief structure (22) on which a thin film element (24) having a color shift effect is superposed in an overlap zone, wherein the thin film element (24) includes an absorber layer (30) with gaps (32), in the zone of which a color shift effect is not visible, and with a semitransparent ink layer (34), which is superposed on the thin film element (24) and the relief structure (22) in the area of the gaps (32) in the absorber layer (30), wherein the color impression of the thin film element (24) is coordinated with at least a partial zone of the semitransparent ink layer (34) when viewed under predefined viewing conditions.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Sicherheitselement zur Absicherung von Wertgegenständen, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Sicherheitselements sowie ein Sicherheitspapier und einen Datenträger mit einem solchen Sicherheitselement.The invention relates to a security element for securing valuables, a method for producing such a security element and a security paper and a data carrier with such a security element.

Datenträger, wie Wert- oder Ausweisdokumente, aber auch andere Wertgegenstände, wie etwa Markenartikel, werden zur Absicherung oft mit Sicherheitselementen versehen, die eine Überprüfung der Echtheit des Datenträgers gestatten und die zugleich als Schutz vor unerlaubter Reproduktion dienen. Derartige Sicherheitselemente können beispielsweise in Form eines in eine Banknote eingebetteten Sicherheitsfadens, einer Abdeckfolie für eine Banknote mit Loch, eines aufgebrachten Sicherheitsstreifens, eines selbsttragenden Transferelements oder auch in Form eines direkt auf ein Wertdokument aufgebrachten Merkmalsbereichs ausgebildet sein. Ein solches Datenträger ist in der WO2006/040069 gezeigt.Data carriers, such as valuables or identity documents, but also other valuables, such as branded articles, are often provided with security elements for the purpose of security, which permit verification of the authenticity of the data carrier and at the same time serve as protection against unauthorized reproduction. Such security elements can be embodied, for example, in the form of a security thread embedded in a banknote, a covering film for a banknote with a hole, an applied security strip, a self-supporting transfer element or else in the form of a feature area applied directly to a value document. Such a disk is in the WO2006 / 040069 shown.

Eine besondere Rolle bei der Echtheitsabsicherung spielen Sicherheitselemente, die betrachtungswinkelabhängige visuelle Effekte zeigen, da diese selbst mit modernsten Kopiergeräten nicht reproduziert werden können. Die Sicherheitselemente werden dazu mit optisch variablen Elementen ausgestattet, die dem Betrachter unter unterschiedlichen Betrachtungswinkeln einen unterschiedlichen Bildeindruck vermitteln und beispielsweise je nach Betrachtungswinkel einen anderen Farb- oder Helligkeitseindruck und/ oder ein anderes graphisches Motiv zeigen.A special role in the authenticity assurance play security elements, the viewing angle-dependent visual effects show, as they can not be reproduced even with the latest copiers. The security elements are equipped with optically variable elements that give the viewer a different image impression at different viewing angles and, for example, show a different color or brightness impression and / or another graphic motif depending on the viewing angle.

In diesem Zusammenhang ist bekannt, Sicherheitselemente mit mehrschichtigen Dünnschichtelementen einzusetzen, deren Farbeindruck sich für den Betrachter mit dem Betrachtungswinkel ändert und beim Kippen des Sicherheitsmerkmals beispielsweise von Grün nach Blau, von Blau nach Magenta oder von Magenta nach Grün wechselt. Das Auftreten derartiger Farbänderungen beim Verkippen eines Sicherheitselements wird im Folgenden als Farbkippeffekt bezeichnet.In this context, it is known to use security elements with multi-layered thin-film elements whose color impression changes with the viewing angle for the viewer and when tilting the security feature, for example, from green to blue, from blue to magenta or change from magenta to green. The occurrence of such color changes when tilting a security element is referred to below as a color shift effect.

Ausgehend davon liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Sicherheitselement der eingangs genannten Art weiter zu verbessern und insbesondere ein Sicherheitselement mit einem attraktiven visuellen Erscheinungsbild und hoher Fälschungssicherheit zu schaffen.Based on this, the present invention seeks to further improve a security element of the type mentioned above and in particular to provide a security element with an attractive visual appearance and high security against counterfeiting.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch das Sicherheitselement mit den Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs gelöst. Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Sicherheitselements, ein Sicherheitspapier und ein Datenträger sind in den nebengeordneten Ansprüchen angegeben. Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is achieved by the security element having the features of the main claim. A method for producing such a security element, a security paper and a data carrier are specified in the independent claims. Further developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Gemäß der Erfindung enthält ein Sicherheitselement der eingangs genannten Art

  • eine Reliefstruktur, über der in einem Überlappungsbereich ein Dünnschichtelement mit Farbkippeffekt angeordnet ist, wobei das Dünnschichtelement eine Absorberschicht mit Aussparungen enthält, in deren Bereich kein Farbkippeffekt erkennbar ist, und
  • eine semitransparente Farbschicht, die im Bereich der Aussparungen der Absorberschicht über dem Dünnschichtelement und der Reliefstruktur angeordnet ist, wobei der Farbeindruck des Dünnschichtelements bei Betrachtung unter vorbestimmten Betrachtungsbedingungen an den Farbeindruck zumindest eines Teilbereichs der semitransparenten Farbschicht angepasst ist.
According to the invention contains a security element of the type mentioned
  • a relief structure over which a thin-film element with color-shift effect is arranged in an overlap region, wherein the thin-film element contains an absorber layer with recesses in the region of which no color-shift effect can be recognized, and
  • a semitransparent ink layer which is arranged in the region of the recesses of the absorber layer above the thin-film element and the relief structure, wherein the color impression of the thin-film element is adapted to the color impression of at least a portion of the semitransparent ink layer when viewed under predetermined viewing conditions.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung wird somit eine Reliefstruktur, insbesondere eine Mikroreliefstruktur der weiter unten genauer bezeichneten Art, mit zwei verschiedenen Farbbereichen kombiniert, die aus einer bestimmten Betrachtungsrichtung sehr ähnlich wirken, sich beim Kippen des Sicherheitselements jedoch unterschiedlich verhalten: In den nicht von der semitransparenten Farbschicht überdeckten, farbkippenden Bereichen verändert sich der Farbeindruck der Reliefstruktur für den Betrachter beim Kippen des Sicherheitselements, während die ausgesparten und überdeckten Bereiche beim Kippen farbkonstant bleiben.In the context of the invention, therefore, a relief structure, in particular a microrelief structure of the type described in greater detail below, is combined with two different color areas, which act very similar from a certain viewing direction, but behave differently when the security element is tilted: in the non-semitransparent ink layer covered color-shifting areas, the color impression of the relief structure for the viewer changes when tilting the security element, while the recessed and covered areas remain color constant when tilted.

Eine derartige Kombination farbkonstanter und farbvariabler Reliefstruktur-Bereiche wirkt optisch attraktiv und ist für den Benutzer selbsterklärend, da die farbkonstanten Bereiche gleichzeitig einen visuell ruhenden Pol und einen Vergleichspunkt für die farbvariablen Bereiche bei der Echtheitsprüfung bilden. Die Kombination zweier Farbeffekte in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft erschwert eine Nachstellung des Sicherheitselements, da frei verfügbare Farben oder Folien mit Farbkippeffekten nicht mehr direkt verwendet werden können.Such a combination of color-constant and color-variable relief structure areas has a visually attractive effect and is self-explanatory for the user, since the color-constant areas simultaneously form a visually quiescent pole and a comparison point for the color-variable areas in the authenticity check. The combination of two color effects in the immediate vicinity makes it difficult to adjust the security element, as freely available colors or transparencies with color-shift effects can no longer be used directly.

Das Dünnschichtelement kann im Rahmen der Erfindung teilweise oder vollständig über der Reliefstruktur angeordnet sein, oder auch über diese hinausragen.In the context of the invention, the thin-film element can be arranged partially or completely over the relief structure, or even protrude beyond it.

In einer bevorzugten Erfindungsvariante füllt die semitransparente Farbschicht den Bereich der Aussparungen in der Absorberschicht vollständig aus. Farbkonstante und farbvariable Bereichen ergänzen sich dann gerade zu dem vollständigen Bildeindruck des Sicherheitselements.In a preferred variant of the invention, the semi-transparent ink layer completely fills the region of the recesses in the absorber layer. Color constants and color-variable areas then complement each other to the complete picture impression of the security element.

In einer anderen ebenfalls vorteilhaften Erfindungsvariante füllt die semi-transparente Farbschicht den Bereich der Aussparungen in der Absorberschicht nicht vollständig, sondern nur teilweise aus. Neben den farbvariablen und den farbkonstanten Bereichen entsteht so ein weiterer Typ von Reliefbereichen, die ein metallisches Erscheinungsbild aufweisen, da ihr visueller Eindruck durch die Reflexionsschicht des Dünnschichtelements bestimmt wird. Die Designfreiheit für die Gestaltung der Sicherheitselemente wird durch diese Maßnahme weiter erhöht.In another likewise advantageous variant of the invention, the semi-transparent color layer does not completely fill the region of the recesses in the absorber layer, but only partially. In addition to the color-variable and the color-constant areas, a further type of relief areas is created, which have a metallic appearance, since their visual impression is determined by the reflection layer of the thin-film element. The design freedom for the design of the security elements is further increased by this measure.

Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die semitransparente Farbschicht zusätzlich in nicht ausgesparten Bereichen der Absorberschicht über dem Dünnschichtelement vorliegt. Derartige Bereiche bleiben beim Kippen weitgehend, wenn in der Regel auch nicht vollständig farbkonstant. Ihr Einsatz bietet sich insbesondere in den Fällen an, in denen feine Zeichen oder Muster als farbkonstante Reliefbereiche von farbvariablen Reliefbereichen umgeben sein sollen, wo es oft schwierig ist, die Absorberschicht passergenau unter sehr kleinen Farbschichtbereichen auszusparen. Insbesondere bei kleinen Strukturen und angrenzenden, stark farbkippenden Bereichen ist die etwas geringere Farbkonstanz für den Betrachter praktisch nicht wahrnehmbar.According to a development of the invention, it is provided that the semitransparent ink layer is additionally present in non-recessed areas of the absorber layer above the thin-film element. Such areas remain largely when tilted, if usually not completely color constant. Their use is particularly suitable in those cases in which fine characters or patterns are to be surrounded as color-constant relief areas of color-variable relief areas, where it is often difficult to save the absorber layer accurately under very small color layer areas. Especially with small structures and adjacent, strongly farbkippenden areas, the slightly lower color constancy is virtually imperceptible to the viewer.

Die semitransparente Farbschicht weist in einem Spektralbereich, in dem der Farbeindruck des Dünnschichtelements an den Farbeindruck der semitransparenten Schicht angepasst ist, eine Lichtdurchlässigkeit zwischen 30 % und 95 % auf.In a spectral range in which the color impression of the thin-film element is matched to the color impression of the semitransparent layer, the semitransparent color layer has a light transmittance of between 30% and 95%.

Die semitransparente Farbschicht kann auf verschiedene Weise aufgebracht werden, mit Vorteil ist sie aufgedruckt, beispielsweise im Siebdruck-, Tiefdruck-, Flexodruck-, oder einem anderen geeigneten Druckverfahren. Die semitransparente Farbschicht kann dabei direkt auf das Dünnschichtelement aufgedruckt sein, es können jedoch zwischen Farbschicht und Dünnschichtelement auch transparente Zwischenschichten vorgesehen sein, die beispielsweise als Schutzschicht oder Kleberschicht wirken. Auch zwischen Farbschicht und Phasenverzögerungsschicht können derartige transparente Zwischenschichten vorgesehen sein.The semi-transparent ink layer can be applied in various ways, with advantage it is printed, for example in screen printing, gravure printing, Flexographic printing, or any other suitable printing process. The semitransparent ink layer can be printed directly on the thin-film element, but it can also be provided between the ink layer and thin-film element and transparent intermediate layers, for example, act as a protective layer or adhesive layer. It is also possible to provide such transparent intermediate layers between the color layer and the phase delay layer.

Um zusätzliche Merkmale in das Sicherheitselement einzubringen, liegen die Aussparungen in der Absorberschicht und/ oder die semitransparente Farbschicht vorzugsweise in Form von Zeichen, Mustern oder Codierungen vor. Damit sind auch Gestaltungen eingeschlossen, bei denen die Farbschicht Aussparungen in Form von Zeichen, Mustern oder Codierungen aufweist. Die Zeichen, Muster oder Codierungen der Aussparungen und der Farbschicht können deckungsgleich sein, etwa wenn die Farbschicht die Aussparungen der Absorberschicht vollständig ausfüllt. Im allgemeinen Fall können sich die jeweiligen Zeichen, Muster oder Codierungen jedoch auch unterscheiden, etwa wenn die Farbschicht die Aussparungen nur teilweise ausfüllt oder auch in Bereichen außerhalb der Aussparungen vorliegt.In order to introduce additional features into the security element, the recesses in the absorber layer and / or the semitransparent ink layer are preferably in the form of characters, patterns or codes. This also includes designs in which the color layer has recesses in the form of characters, patterns or codes. The characters, patterns or codes of the recesses and the color layer may be congruent, such as when the ink layer completely fills the recesses of the absorber layer. In the general case, however, the respective characters, patterns or codes can also differ, for example if the ink layer only partially fills the recesses or is also present in regions outside the recesses.

Die semitransparente Farbschicht kann auch mehrere Teilbereiche mit unterschiedlichem Farbeindruck aufweisen, wobei in diesem Fall der Farbeindruck des Dünnschichtelements bei Betrachtung unter vorbestimmten Betrachtungsbedingungen an den Farbeindruck zumindest eines der Teilbereiche angepasst ist.The semitransparent ink layer can also have several subregions with different color impression, in which case the color impression of the thin film element is adapted to the color impression of at least one of the subregions when viewed under predetermined viewing conditions.

Ein besonders ansprechender Effekt lässt sich erzielen, wenn das Dünnschichtelement und die semitransparente Farbschicht so aufeinander abgestimmt sind, dass bei senkrechter Betrachtung des Sicherheitselements der Farbeindruck des Dünnschichtelements außerhalb der überdeckten Bereiche im Wesentlichen dem Farbeindruck zumindest eines Teilbereichs der semitransparenten Farbschicht entspricht. Bei senkrechter Betrachtung, die sich oft bei der ersten Wahrnehmung eines auf einen Wertgegenstand aufgebrachten Sicherheitselements ergibt, vermitteln die farbvariablen und die farbkonstanten Bereiche dann zunächst im Wesentlichen denselben Farbeindruck. Beim Kippen des Sicherheitselements ändert sich der Farbeindruck in den farbvariablen Bereichen, während er in den farbkonstanten überdeckten Bereichen unverändert bleibt.A particularly attractive effect can be achieved if the thin-film element and the semi-transparent ink layer are matched to one another such that when the security element is viewed vertically Color impression of the thin-film element outside the covered areas substantially corresponds to the color impression of at least a portion of the semi-transparent ink layer. When viewed vertically, which often results from the first perception of a security element applied to a valuable object, the color-variable and the color-constant areas initially convey essentially the same color impression. When tilting the security element, the color impression changes in the color-variable areas, while it remains unchanged in the color-constant covered areas.

Das Dünnschichtelement weist in einer vorteilhaften Erfindungsvariante eine Reflexionsschicht, eine Absorberschicht und eine zwischen der Reflexionsschicht und der Absorberschicht angeordnete dielektrische Abstandsschicht auf. Der Farbkippeffekt beruht bei solchen Dünnschichtelementen auf betrachtungswinkelabhängigen Interferenzeffekten durch Interferenz der an den verschiedenen Teilschichten des Elements reflektierten Lichtstrahlen. Der Wegunterschied des an den verschiedenen Schichten reflektierten Lichts hängt einerseits von der optischen Dicke der dielektrischen Abstandsschicht ab, die den Abstand zwischen Absorberschicht und Reflexionsschicht festlegt, und variiert andererseits mit dem jeweiligen Betrachtungswinkel.In an advantageous variant of the invention, the thin-film element has a reflection layer, an absorber layer and a dielectric spacer layer arranged between the reflection layer and the absorber layer. The color shift effect in such thin-film elements is based on viewing angle-dependent interference effects due to interference of the light beams reflected at the different sub-layers of the element. The path difference of the light reflected at the different layers depends on the one hand on the optical thickness of the dielectric spacer layer, which determines the distance between the absorber layer and the reflection layer, and on the other hand varies with the respective viewing angle.

Da der Wegunterschied in der Größenordnung der Wellenlänge des sichtbaren Lichts liegt, ergibt sich aufgrund von Auslöschung und Verstärkung bestimmter Wellenlängen ein winkelabhängiger Farbeindruck für den Betrachter. Durch eine geeignete Wahl von Material und Dicke der dielektrischen Abstandsschicht können eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Farbkippeffekte gestaltet werden, beispielsweise Kippeffekte, bei denen sich der Farbeindruck mit dem Betrachtungswinkel von Grün nach Blau, von Blau nach Magenta oder von Magenta nach Grün ändert.Since the path difference is on the order of the wavelength of the visible light, the result is an angle-dependent color impression for the viewer due to the extinction and amplification of certain wavelengths. By a suitable choice of material and thickness of the dielectric spacer layer, a multiplicity of different color-shift effects can be designed, for example tilting effects in which the color impression changes with the viewing angle from green to blue, from blue to magenta or from magenta to green.

Die Reflexionsschicht des Dünnschichtelements ist vorzugsweise durch eine opake oder durch eine semitransparente Metallschicht, insbesondere aus Aluminium gebildet. Als Reflexionsschicht kann auch eine zumindest bereichsweise magnetische Schicht verwendet werden, so dass ein weiteres Echtheitsmerkmal integriert werden kann, ohne eine zusätzliche Schicht im Schichtaufbau zu erfordern.The reflection layer of the thin-film element is preferably formed by an opaque or by a semitransparent metal layer, in particular aluminum. As a reflection layer, an at least partially magnetic layer can also be used so that a further authenticity feature can be integrated without requiring an additional layer in the layer structure.

Die Reflexionsschicht kann weiter Aussparungen in Form von Mustern, Zeichen oder Codierungen aufweisen, die transparente oder semitransparente Bereiche in dem Dünnschichtelement bilden. In den transparenten oder semitransparenten Aussparungsbereichen bietet sich dem Betrachter ein auffälliger Kontrast zu den umgebenden Farbeffekten. Insbesondere können die Muster, Zeichen oder Codierungen im Durchlicht hell aufleuchten, wenn das Dünnschichtelement und die Reliefstruktur auf einen transparenten oder transluzenten Träger aufgebracht sind. Die Aussparungen in den Reflexionsschichten können auch rasterartig, vorzugsweise mit einem geringen Flächenanteil von 40 % oder weniger, angelegt sein, so dass sie im Auflicht praktisch nicht auffallen und nur im Durchlicht in Erscheinung treten.The reflective layer may further comprise recesses in the form of patterns, characters or codes that form transparent or semi-transparent regions in the thin-film element. In the transparent or semi-transparent recess areas, the observer has a striking contrast to the surrounding color effects. In particular, the patterns, characters or codes in transmitted light can light up brightly when the thin-film element and the relief structure are applied to a transparent or translucent carrier. The recesses in the reflection layers can also be grid-like, preferably with a small areal proportion of 40% or less, so that they are practically inconspicuous in reflected light and only appear in transmitted light.

Das Dünnschichtelement kann nach einer anderen ebenfalls vorteilhaften Erfindungsvariante auch durch übereinanderliegende Absorberschichten und dielektrische Abstandsschichten gebildet werden, wobei auch mehrere Absorber- und Abstandsschichten abwechselnd übereinander angeordnet sein können. Auch derartige Dünnschichtelemente zeigen einen Farbkippeffekt, sind aber nicht opak, so dass der Farbkippeffekt auch von der Rückseite des Sicherheitselements sichtbar ist.According to another likewise advantageous variant of the invention, the thin-film element can also be formed by superimposed absorber layers and dielectric spacer layers, it also being possible for a plurality of absorber and spacer layers to be arranged alternately one above the other. Even such thin-film elements show a color shift effect, but are not opaque, so that the color shift effect is also visible from the back of the security element.

In allen Gestaltungen ist die dielektrische Abstandsschicht vorzugsweise durch ein Vakuumdampfverfahren erzeugt. Alternativ kann die Abstandsschicht auch durch eine Druckschicht oder durch eine ultradünne Folie, insbesondere eine gereckte Polyesterfolie, gebildet sein. Besonders bevorzugt ist gegenwärtig eine Gestaltung, bei der die dielektrische Abstandsschicht durch eine niedrig brechende dielektrische Schicht, insbesondere eine aufgedampfte SiO2-Schicht oder eine MgF2-Schicht, gebildet ist.In all configurations, the dielectric spacer layer is preferably produced by a vacuum vapor method. Alternatively, the spacer layer also be formed by a printing layer or by an ultra-thin film, in particular a stretched polyester film. Particularly preferred is currently a design in which the dielectric spacer layer is formed by a low-refractive dielectric layer, in particular a vapor-deposited SiO 2 layer or a MgF 2 layer.

Weitere Einzelheiten zum Aufbau derartiger Dünnschichtelemente und zu den für die Reflexionsschicht, die dielektrische Abstandsschicht und die Absorberschicht einsetzbaren Materialien und Schichtdicken können der Druckschrift WO 01/03945 entnommen werden.Further details of the structure of such thin-film elements and the materials and layer thicknesses which can be used for the reflection layer, the dielectric spacer layer and the absorber layer can be found in the document WO 01/03945 be removed.

Die Reliefstruktur des Sicherheitselements kann insbesondere eine diffraktive Struktur darstellen, wie etwa ein Hologramm, ein holographisches Gitterbild oder eine hologrammähnliche Beugungsstruktur, oder auch eine achromatische Struktur, wie etwa eine Mattstruktur mit einem nichtfarbigen, typischerweise silbrig matten Erscheinungsbild, eine Mikrospiegelanordnung, ein Blazegitter mit einem sägezahnartigen Furchenprofil oder eine Fresnellinsen-Anordnung. Die Abmessungen der Strukturelemente der diffraktiven Reliefstrukturen liegen meist in der Größenordnung der Lichtwellenlänge, also in der Regel zwischen 300 nm und 1 µm. Manche Reliefstrukturen weisen auch kleinere Strukturelemente auf, wie etwa Subwellenlängengitter oder Mottenaugenstrukturen, deren Strukturelemente auch kleiner als 100 nm sein können. Die Strukturelemente achromatischer Reliefstrukturen sind teilweise auch größer als 1 µm, die Abmessungen von Mikrospiegeln oder Blazegitterlinien reichen etwa bis zu einer Höhe von etwa 15 µm und einer lateralen Ausdehnung von etwa 30 µm. Reliefstrukturen mit Strukturelementen einer Abmessung unterhalb von 30 µm und insbesondere Reliefstrukturen mit Strukturelementen in der Größenordnung der Lichtwellenlänge oder weniger werden im Rahmen dieser Beschreibung als Mikroreliefstrukturen bezeichnet.The relief structure of the security element may in particular represent a diffractive structure, such as a hologram, a holographic grating image or a hologram-like diffraction structure, or else an achromatic structure, such as a matt structure with a non-colored, typically silvery matt appearance, a micromirror arrangement, a blazed grating with a sawtooth groove profile or a Fresnel lens arrangement. The dimensions of the structural elements of the diffractive relief structures are usually in the order of magnitude of the wavelength of the light, that is to say generally between 300 nm and 1 μm. Some relief structures also have smaller structural elements, such as sub-wavelength gratings or moth-eye structures, whose structural elements may also be smaller than 100 nm. The structural elements of achromatic relief structures are sometimes larger than 1 .mu.m, the dimensions of micromirrors or Blazegitterlinien extend approximately to a height of about 15 microns and a lateral extent of about 30 microns. Relief structures with structural elements of a dimension below 30 microns and in particular relief structures with structural elements in the order of the wavelength of light or less are referred to as microrelief structures in the context of this description.

In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist über dem Dünnschichtelement bereichsweise eine transparente Phasenverzögerungsschicht angeordnet, die für Licht aus dem sichtbaren Wellenlängenbereich eine phasenschiebende Schicht bildet. Phasenverzögernde Schichten, die im Rahmen dieser Beschreibung teilweise auch phasenschiebende Schichten genannt werden, sind optisch aktive Schichten, die auf die Phase einer transmittierten Lichtwelle wirken. Die Teilstrahlen einer einfallenden polarisierten Lichtwelle erhalten dabei aufgrund unterschiedlicher Brechzahlen einen Gangunterschied und somit eine Phasendifferenz. Beträgt die Phasendifferenz der beiden Teilstrahlen gerade eine halbe oder viertel Wellenlänge so erhält man sogenannte λ/2- oder λ/4-Schichten.In an advantageous development of the invention, a transparent phase delay layer, which forms a phase-shifting layer for light from the visible wavelength range, is arranged in regions over the thin-film element. Phase-retarding layers, which in the context of this description are also sometimes called phase-shifting layers, are optically active layers which act on the phase of a transmitted light wave. The partial beams of an incident polarized light wave receive a path difference and thus a phase difference due to different refractive indices. If the phase difference of the two partial beams is just one-half or one-quarter wavelength, so-called λ / 2 or λ / 4 layers are obtained.

Bevorzugt entspricht die Phasenverzögerung der Phasenverzögerungsschicht in der Erfindung einem Gangunterschied zwischen etwa λ/6 und etwa λ/2, besonderes bevorzugt zwischen etwa λ/4 und etwa λ/2. Der Gangunterschied wird dabei modulo λ, also im Bereich zwischen 0 und λ angegeben, da eine Schicht mit einem Gangunterschied beispielsweise von 5/4*λ oder 9/4*λ dieselbe Phasenverzögerung bewirkt wie eine λ/4-Schicht. Bevorzugt ist im Rahmen der Erfindung weiter, dass die phasenschiebende Schicht aus nematischem flüssigkristallinem Material gebildet ist und/ oder dass die Phasenverzögerungsschicht in Form von Mustern, Zeichen oder einer Codierung vorliegt.Preferably, the phase delay of the phase retardation layer in the invention corresponds to a retardation between about λ / 6 and about λ / 2, more preferably between about λ / 4 and about λ / 2. The path difference is given modulo λ, ie in the range between 0 and λ, since a layer with a path difference of, for example, 5/4 * λ or 9/4 * λ causes the same phase delay as a λ / 4 layer. In the context of the invention, it is also preferable that the phase-shifting layer is formed from nematic liquid-crystalline material and / or that the phase-delay layer is in the form of patterns, characters or a coding.

In besonders bevorzugten Gestaltungen ist die semitransparente Farbschicht so gewählt, dass sie den Polarisationszustand hindurchtretenden Lichts aus dem sichtbaren Wellenlängenbereich im Wesentlichen erhält. Auf diese Weise können die von der Phasenverzögerungsschicht gebildeten Muster, Zeichen oder Codierungen sowohl in den farbvariablen als auch in den farbkonstanten Bereichen gleichermaßen sichtbar gemacht werden.In particularly preferred embodiments, the semi-transparent ink layer is selected such that it substantially preserves the polarization state of transmitted light from the visible wavelength range. In this way For example, the patterns, characters or codes formed by the phase retardation layer can be made equally visible in both the color variable and color constant regions.

Das Sicherheitselement liegt vorzugsweise auf einem Substrat vor, das insbesondere durch eine Kunststofffolie gebildet sein kann. Das Substrat kann nach der Übertragung des Sicherheitselements auf einen Datenträger von dem Schichtaufbau des Sicherheitselements abgezogen werden oder es kann als Schutzschicht als fester Bestandteil des Sicherheitselements in dem Schichtaufbau verbleiben. In manchen Gestaltungen kann zwischen dem Sicherheitselement und dem Substrat auch eine Release- bzw. Trennschicht, beispielsweise ein Wachs, vorgesehen sein.The security element is preferably present on a substrate, which may be formed in particular by a plastic film. After the transfer of the security element to a data carrier, the substrate can be removed from the layer structure of the security element or it can remain as a protective layer as an integral part of the security element in the layer structure. In some embodiments, a release or release layer, for example a wax, can also be provided between the security element and the substrate.

Bevorzugt ist das Sicherheitselement ein Sicherheitsfaden, ein Sicherheitsband, ein Sicherheitsstreifen, ein Patch oder ein Etikett zum Aufbringen auf ein Sicherheitspapier, Wertdokument oder dergleichen.Preferably, the security element is a security thread, a security tape, a security strip, a patch or a label for application to a security paper, document of value or the like.

Es versteht sich, dass das Sicherheitselement auch weitere Schichten, wie etwa Schutzschichten oder zusätzliche Effektschichten mit anderen Sicherheitsmerkmalen, aufweisen kann.It is understood that the security element can also have further layers, such as protective layers or additional effect layers with other security features.

Die Erfindung enthält auch ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Sicherheitselements der beschriebenen Art gemäss Anspruch 11The invention also includes a method for producing a security element of the type described according to claim 11

Vorzugsweise wird über dem Dünnschichtelement bereichsweise eine transparente Phasenverzögerungsschicht angeordnet, die für Licht aus dem sichtbaren Wellenlängenbereich eine phasenschiebende Schicht bildet.Preferably, a transparent phase retardation layer is arranged in regions over the thin-film element, forming a phase-shifting layer for light from the visible wavelength range.

Die semitransparente Farbschicht wird bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren mit Vorteil aufgedruckt, insbesondere im Siebdruck-, Tiefdruck-, oder Flexodruckverfahren. Auch die Phasenverzögerungsschicht kann mit Vorteil auf das Dünnschichtelement und gegebenenfalls die zuvor aufgebrachte Farbschicht aufgedruckt werden. Alternativ kann die Phasenverzögerungsschicht auf eine separate Trägerfolie aufgebracht und auf das Dünnschichtelement mit der aufgebrachten Farbschicht transferiert werden.The semitransparent ink layer is advantageously printed in the process according to the invention, in particular in screen printing, gravure printing or flexographic printing processes. The phase retardation layer can also be advantageously printed on the thin-film element and optionally the previously applied ink layer. Alternatively, the phase retardation layer may be applied to a separate carrier film and transferred to the thin film element with the applied ink layer.

Die Erfindung umfasst ferner ein Sicherheitspapier mit einem Sicherheitselement der beschriebenen Art, sowie einen Datenträger, der mit einem solchen Sicherheitselement ausgestattet ist. Bei dem Datenträger kann es sich insbesondere um eine Banknote, ein Wertdokument, einen Pass, eine Urkunde oder eine Ausweiskarte handeln. Die beschriebenen Sicherheitselemente, Sicherheitspapiere oder Datenträger können insbesondere zur Absicherung von Gegenständen beliebiger Art eingesetzt werden.The invention further comprises a security paper with a security element of the type described, as well as a data carrier which is equipped with such a security element. The data carrier may in particular be a banknote, a value document, a passport, a document or an identity card. The security elements described, security papers or data carriers can be used in particular for securing objects of any kind.

Weitere Ausführungsbeispiele sowie Vorteile der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Figuren erläutert, bei deren Darstellung auf eine maßstabs- und proportionsgetreue Wiedergabe verzichtet wurde, um die Anschaulichkeit zu erhöhen.Further exemplary embodiments and advantages of the invention are explained below with reference to the figures, in the representation of which a representation true to scale and proportion has been dispensed with in order to increase the clarity.

Es zeigen:

Fig.1
eine schematische Darstellung einer Banknote mit einem erfin- dungsgemäßen Sicherheitselement,
Fig. 2
einen Querschnitt durch ein Sicherheitselement nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
Fig. 3
schematisch den visuellen Eindruck eines erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitselements (a) bei senkrechter Betrachtung und (b) bei schräger Betrachtung, jeweils ohne Hilfsmittel,
Fig. 4
einen Querschnitt durch ein Sicherheitselement nach einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, bei dem die semi- transparente Farbschicht den Bereich der Aussparungen in der Absorberschicht nur teilweise ausfüllt,
Fig. 5
ein Farbkipp-Hologramm nach einem weiteren Ausführungs- beispiel der Erfindung, bei dem die farbkonstanten und farbva- riablen Bereiche mit einem versteckten Sicherheitsmerkmal kombiniert sind, und
Fig. 6
den visuellen Eindruck des Sicherheitselements von Fig. 5 bei senkrechter Betrachtung mit einem aufgelegten Zirkularpolari- sator.
Show it:
Fig.1
a schematic representation of a banknote with a security element according to the invention,
Fig. 2
a cross section through a security element according to an embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 3
schematically the visual impression of a security element according to the invention (a) when viewed vertically and (b) when viewed obliquely, in each case without aids,
Fig. 4
a cross section through a security element according to another embodiment of the invention, in which the semi-transparent ink layer only partially fills the region of the recesses in the absorber layer,
Fig. 5
a color-shift hologram according to a further embodiment of the invention, in which the color-constant and color-variable areas are combined with a hidden security feature, and
Fig. 6
the visual impression of the security element of Fig. 5 when viewed vertically with an applied circular polarizer.

Die Erfindung wird nun am Beispiel einer Banknote erläutert. Fig.1 zeigt dazu eine schematische Darstellung einer Banknote 10 mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitselement 12 in Form eines aufgeklebten Transferelements. Es versteht sich, dass die Erfindung nicht auf Transferelemente und Banknoten beschränkt ist, sondern bei allen Arten von Sicherheitselementen eingesetzt werden kann, beispielsweise bei Etiketten auf Waren und Verpackungen oder bei der Absicherung von Dokumenten, Ausweisen, Pässen, Kreditkarten, Gesundheitskarten und dergleichen. Bei Banknoten und ähnlichen Dokumenten kommen außer Transferelementen beispielsweise auch Sicherheitsfäden und neben Aufsichtselementen auch Durchsichtselemente infrage.The invention will now be explained using the example of a banknote. Fig.1 shows a schematic representation of a banknote 10 with a security element 12 according to the invention in the form of a glued transfer element. It is understood that the invention is not limited to transfer elements and banknotes, but can be used with all types of security elements, such as labels on goods and packaging or in the security of documents, ID cards, passports, credit cards, health cards and the like. In the case of banknotes and similar documents, for example, security threads and, in addition to supervisory elements, also translucent elements may be considered in addition to transfer elements.

Der Aufbau eines erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitselements 12 wird nun mit Bezug auf die Figuren 2 und 3 näher erläutert, wobei Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt durch das Sicherheitselement darstellt und Fig. 3 in (a) bzw. (b) schematisch den visuellen Eindruck des Sicherheitselements aus unterschiedlichen Betrachtungsrichtungen zeigt.The construction of a security element 12 according to the invention will now be described with reference to FIGS Figures 2 and 3 explained in more detail, wherein Fig. 2 represents a cross section through the security element and Fig. 3 in (a) and (b) shows schematically the visual impression of the security element from different viewing directions.

Mit Bezug zunächst auf Fig. 2 enthält das Sicherheitselement 12 eine Trägerfolie 20 und eine auf die Trägerfolie 20 aufgebrachte, geprägte und gehärtete UV-Lackschicht 22. Die Prägestrukturen der Lackschicht 22 bilden eine diffraktive Reliefstruktur in Gestalt eines Hologramms. In anderen Gestaltungen können die Prägestrukturen auch ein holographisches Gitterbild, eine hologrammähnliche Beugungsstruktur oder auch eine achromatische Mikrostruktur mit einem nichtfarbigen, beispielsweise silbrig matten Erscheinungsbild darstellen.With reference first to Fig. 2 The security element 12 contains a carrier foil 20 and an embossed and cured UV lacquer layer 22 applied to the carrier foil 20. The embossed structures of the lacquer layer 22 form a diffractive relief structure in the form of a hologram. In other configurations, the embossed structures can also be a holographic grating image, a hologram-like diffraction structure or an achromatic Represent microstructure with a non-colored, for example, silvery matt appearance.

Auf die Reliefstruktur der Lackschicht 22 ist ein Dünnschichtelement 24 mit Farbkippeffekt aufgebracht, welches eine durch eine opake Aluminiumschicht gebildete Reflexionsschicht 26, eine auf die Reflexionsschicht 26 aufgedampfte dielektrische SiO2-Abstandsschicht 28 und eine teiltransparente Absorberschicht 30 aus Chrom umfasst. Wie weiter oben erläutert, beruht der Farbkippeffekt eines solchen Dünnschichtelements 24 auf Interferenzeffekten durch Mehrfachreflexionen in den Teilschichten 26, 28, 30 des Elements.On the relief structure of the lacquer layer 22, a thin-film element 24 is applied with color shift effect, which comprises a reflection layer 26 formed by an opaque aluminum layer, a deposited on the reflective layer 26 dielectric SiO 2 spacer layer 28 and a partially transparent absorber layer 30 of chromium. As explained above, the color shift effect of such a thin-film element 24 is due to interference effects due to multiple reflections in the sub-layers 26, 28, 30 of the element.

Erfindungsgemäß weist die Absorberschicht 30 Aussparungen 32 auf, in deren Bereich das Dünnschichtelement 24 wegen des Fehlens der Interferenz keinen Farbkippeffekt aufweist. Das Sicherheitselement 12 enthält weiter eine semitransparente Farbschicht 34, die im Bereich der Aussparungen 32 der Absorberschicht 30 über dem Dünnschichtelement 24 und der Reliefstruktur angeordnet ist, wobei die semitransparente Farbschicht 34 in dem in Fig. 2 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel die ausgesparten Bereiche 32 der Absorberschicht vollständig ausfüllt. In Bereichen 36 außerhalb der ausgesparten Bereiche 32 liegt das Dünnschichtelement 24 ohne aufgedruckte Farbschicht vor. In der idealisierten Darstellung der Fig. 2 endet die Farbschicht 34 passergenau mit den Aussparungen 32 der Absorberschicht. In der Praxis kann die Farbschicht 34 selbstverständlich den Absorber etwas überlappen oder der nicht ausgesparte Absorberbereich kann etwas in die Farbschichtbereiche 34 hineinragen.According to the invention, the absorber layer 30 has recesses 32, in the region of which the thin-film element 24 has no color-shift effect due to the lack of interference. The security element 12 further contains a semi-transparent ink layer 34, which is arranged in the region of the recesses 32 of the absorber layer 30 above the thin-film element 24 and the relief structure, wherein the semitransparent ink layer 34 in the in Fig. 2 shown embodiment, the recessed areas 32 of the absorber layer completely fills. In areas 36 outside the recessed areas 32, the thin-film element 24 is present without a printed ink layer. In the idealized representation of the Fig. 2 the color layer 34 ends in register with the recesses 32 of the absorber layer. Of course, in practice, the ink layer 34 may slightly overlap the absorber, or the non-recessed absorber region may protrude slightly into the ink layer regions 34.

Erfindungsgemäß sind das Dünnschichtelement 24 und die semitransparente Farbschicht 34 so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass sie bei senkrechtem Betrachtungswinkel im Wesentlichen denselben Farbeindruck hervorrufen.According to the invention, the thin-film element 24 and the semitransparent ink layer 34 are coordinated with one another in such a way that they produce substantially the same color impression at a perpendicular viewing angle.

Beim Kippen des Sicherheitselements 12 verändert sich der Farbeindruck des Dünnschichtelements 24 in den nicht überdeckten Bereichen 36 aufgrund des dort auftretenden Farbkippeffekts, während der Farbeindruck in den von der Farbschicht überdeckten ersten Bereichen 32, 34 sich beim Kippen nicht verändert. Beispielsweise kann das Dünnschichtelement 24 so ausgelegt sein, dass sich sein Farbeindruck von Magenta bei senkrechter Betrachtung zu Grün bei schräger Betrachtung ändert. Darauf abgestimmt, vermittelt die semitransparente Farbschicht 34 bei senkrechter Betrachtung einen ebenfalls magentafarbenen Farbeindruck, der, anders als der Farbeindruck des Dünnschichtelements 24, beim Kippen des Sicherheitselements 12 unverändert bleibt.When tilting the security element 12, the color impression of the thin-film element 24 changes in the uncovered areas 36 due to the color shift effect occurring there, while the color impression in the first areas 32, 34 covered by the color layer does not change during tilting. For example, the thin-film element 24 may be designed so that its color impression changes from magenta when viewed perpendicularly to green when viewed obliquely. Coordinated with this, the semitransparent ink layer 34 when viewed perpendicularly conveys a likewise magenta color impression, which, unlike the color impression of the thin-film element 24, remains unchanged when the security element 12 is tilted.

Insgesamt zeigt das Sicherheitselement 12 dem Betrachter somit ein Hologrammmotiv 40 mit zwei Farbbereichen, die sich beim Kippen des Sicherheitselements unterschiedlich verhalten. Wie in der Darstellung der Fig. 3(a) durch die ähnlichen Schraffuren angedeutet, weisen die überdeckten Bereiche 32, 34 und die nicht überdeckten Bereiche 36 bei senkrechter Betrachtung einen sehr ähnlichen oder sogar gleichen Farbeindruck auf. Beim Kippen des Sicherheitselements 12 ändert sich der Farbeindruck der nicht überdeckten Bereiche 36 mit zunehmendem Kippwinkel von Magenta zu Grün, während der Farbeindruck in den von der Farbschicht 34 überdeckten Bereichen konstant magentafarben bleibt.Overall, the security element 12 thus shows the viewer a hologram motif 40 with two color areas, which behave differently when the security element is tilted. As in the presentation of Fig. 3 (a) indicated by the similar hatching, the overlapped areas 32, 34 and the uncovered areas 36 when viewed vertically have a very similar or even the same color impression. When the security element 12 is tilted, the color impression of the uncovered areas 36 changes from magenta to green as the tilt angle increases, while the color impression in the areas covered by the color layer 34 remains constant magenta.

Aus dem in Fig. 3(b) dargestellten schrägen Betrachtungswinkel ist für den Betrachter daher ein deutlicher Farbunterschied zwischen den Bereichen 32, 34 und 36 wahrnehmbar, wie in der Figur durch die unterschiedlichen Schraffuren angedeutet. Die Kombination von farbvariablen Bereichen 36 und unmittelbar benachbarten, farbkonstanten Bereichen 32, 34 erhöht die visuelle Auffälligkeit des Farbkippeffekts noch, da das menschliche Auge auf die auftretenden Farbunterschiede stärker reagiert als auf die Farbveränderung an sich.From the in Fig. 3 (b) shown oblique viewing angle is therefore a clear difference in color between the areas 32, 34 and 36 perceptible, as indicated in the figure by the different hatching. The combination of color-variable regions 36 and immediately adjacent color-constant regions 32, 34 further increases the visual conspicuousness of the color-shift effect, since the human eye reacts more strongly to the color differences that occur than to the color change per se.

In bevorzugten Gestaltungen können auch in die Reflektorschicht 26 des Dünnschichtelements 24 Aussparungen 42 eingebracht sein, die beispielsweise eine Negativschrift bilden. Im Bereich dieser Aussparungen 42 ist das Dünnschichtelement 24 transparent oder transluzent, so dass sich dort zusätzlich zu den geschilderten Effekten eine auffällige Kontrastwirkung im Durchlicht ergibt. Der Begriff Transluzenz wird dabei im Sinne einer gewissen Lichtdurchlässigkeit gebraucht, wobei transluzente Schichten in der Regel die Helligkeit der hinter bzw. unter ihnen befindlichen Objekte reduzieren und/oder deren Farbe verändern.In preferred embodiments, recesses 42 may also be incorporated in the reflector layer 26 of the thin-film element 24, which form, for example, a negative writing. In the region of these recesses 42, the thin-film element 24 is transparent or translucent, so that in addition to the described effects there is a striking contrast effect in the transmitted light. The term translucency is used here in the sense of a certain translucency, wherein translucent layers usually reduce the brightness of the objects located behind or below them and / or change their color.

Das in Fig. 4 gezeigte Sicherheitselement 50 entspricht in seinem Aufbau weitgehend dem Sicherheitselement 12 der Figuren 2 und 3. Im Unterschied zu der zuvor beschriebenen Gestaltung füllt die semitransparente Farbschicht 34 bei dem Sicherheitselement 50 den Bereich der Aussparungen 32 in der Absorberschicht 30 des Dünnschichtelements 24 nicht vollständig, sondern nur teilweise aus.This in Fig. 4 shown security element 50 corresponds in its construction largely the security element 12 of Figures 2 and 3 , In contrast to the design described above, the semitransparent ink layer 34 in the security element 50 does not completely fill the region of the recesses 32 in the absorber layer 30 of the thin-film element 24, but only partially.

Dadurch entsteht neben dem farbkippenden Bereich 36 und dem farbkonstanten Bereich 32, 34 ein weiterer Hologrammbereich 56, in dem der visuelle Eindruck des Sicherheitselements 50 durch die Aluminium-Reflexionsschicht 26 bestimmt wird, so dass das Hologramm dort silbrig-metallisch erscheint. Die Kombinationsvielfalt und der Gestaltungsspielraum für den Designer werden durch diese Maßnahme weiter erhöht.As a result, in addition to the color-shifting region 36 and the color-constant region 32, 34, another hologram region 56 is formed, in which the visual impression of the security element 50 is determined by the aluminum reflection layer 26, so that the hologram there is silvery-metallic appears. The variety of combinations and the creative freedom for the designer are further enhanced by this measure.

Weiter kann es in machen Ausgestaltungen vorteilhaft sein, wenn die semi-transparente Farbschicht 54 zusätzlich in nicht ausgesparten Bereichen 52 der Absorberschicht 30 vorliegt. Bei senkrechter Betrachtung rufen derartige Bereiche 52, 54 im Wesentlichen denselben Farbeindruck wie die überdeckten Bereiche 32, 34 und die nicht überdeckten Bereiche 36 hervor. Anders als bei den vollständig farbkonstanten Bereichen 32, 34 variiert der Farbeindruck der Bereiche 52, 54 beim Kippen des Sicherheitselements 50 in gewissen Umfang, da die sich verändernde Kippfarbe des Dünnschichtelements 24 durch die semitransparente Farbschicht 34 , je nach dem Grad deren Lichtdurchlässigkeit, etwas hindurchscheint.Further, in some embodiments it may be advantageous if the semi-transparent ink layer 54 is additionally present in non-recessed areas 52 of the absorber layer 30. When viewed perpendicularly, such areas 52, 54 produce substantially the same color impression as the covered areas 32, 34 and the uncovered areas 36. Unlike the completely color-constant regions 32, 34, the color impression of the regions 52, 54 varies to some extent upon tilting of the security element 50, since the changing tilt color of the thin-film element 24 through the semi-transparent ink layer 34 slightly shines through, depending on the degree of transparency of the light ,

Die Verwendung solcher weitgehend farbkonstanter Bereiche 52, 54 kann insbesondere dann von Vorteil sein, wenn feine Zeichen oder Muster als farbkonstante Reliefbereiche von farbvariablen Reliefbereichen umgeben sein sollen. In diesem Fall ist es oft schwierig, wenn nicht unmöglich, die Absorberschicht 30 unter den sehr kleinen Farbschichtbereichen 54 passergenau auszusparen. Die weitgehend farbkonstanten Bereiche 52, 54 weisen zwar beim Kippen eine etwas geringere Farbkonstanz auf als die vollständig farbkonstanten Bereiche 32, 34, dies ist für den Betrachter jedoch insbesondere bei kleinen Strukturen und im Vergleich zu den angrenzenden, stark farbkippenden Bereichen 36 praktisch nicht wahrnehmbar.The use of such largely color-constant regions 52, 54 can be particularly advantageous if fine characters or patterns are to be surrounded by color-variable relief regions as color-constant relief regions. In this case, it is often difficult, if not impossible, to accurately expose the absorber layer 30 under the very small ink layer areas 54. Although the largely color-constant regions 52, 54 have a slightly lower color constancy when tilting than the completely color-constant regions 32, 34, this is practically imperceptible to the viewer, especially in the case of small structures and compared to the adjacent, strongly color-tilting regions 36.

Die Figuren 5 und 6 zeigen als weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ein Farbkipp-Hologramm, bei dem die vorstehend beschriebenen visuellen Effekte mit einem versteckten Sicherheitsmerkmal kombiniert sind. Neben den bereits in Zusammenhang mit den Figuren 2 bis 4 beschriebenen Elementen enthält das Sicherheitselement 60 der Fig. 5 eine transparente Phasenverzögerungsschicht 62, die in Form eines Musters bereichsweise 64 über dem Dünnschichtelement 24 angeordnet ist.The Figures 5 and 6 show as another embodiment of the invention, a color-shift hologram in which the visual effects described above are combined with a hidden security feature. In addition to those already associated with the FIGS. 2 to 4 described elements contains the security element 60 of Fig. 5 a transparent phase retardation layer 62, which is arranged in the form of a pattern in regions 64 above the thin-film element 24.

Die Phasenverzögerungsschicht 62 besteht aus einem doppelbrechenden Material, beispielsweise aus nematischem flüssigkristallinem Material. Die Schichtdicke der Phasenverzögerungsschicht 62 ist typischerweise so gewählt, dass ihre Phasenverzögerung einem Gangunterschied zwischen etwa λ/6 und etwa λ/2, vorzugsweise etwa λ/4 entspricht, wobei λ eine Wellenlänge aus dem sichtbaren Spektralbereich darstellt.The phase retardation layer 62 is made of a birefringent material, for example of nematic liquid crystalline material. The layer thickness of the phase retardation layer 62 is typically selected so that its phase delay corresponds to a retardation between about λ / 6 and about λ / 2, preferably about λ / 4, where λ represents a wavelength in the visible spectral range.

Bei Betrachtung des Sicherheitselements 12 mit gewöhnlichem unpolarisiertem Licht und ohne Hilfsmittel sind die Bereiche 64 mit der Phasenverzögerungsschicht 62 praktisch nicht zu erkennen, da die Phasenverzögerung der Schicht 62 auf alle Polarisationsrichtungen des einfallenden Lichts gleichermaßen wirkt und ihre Lichtabsorption vernachlässigbar gering ist.Looking at the security element 12 with ordinary unpolarized light and no tools, the regions 64 with the phase retardation layer 62 are virtually undetectable because the phase retardation of the layer 62 acts equally on all polarization directions of the incident light and its light absorption is negligibly small.

Wird das Sicherheitselement 12 dagegen mit einem aufgelegten Polarisator 70 betrachtet, wie in Fig. 6 gezeigt, so treten starke Kontrastunterschiede zwischen den Bereichen 64 mit Phasenverzögerungsschicht und Bereichen 66 ohne Phasenverzögerungsschicht hervor. Das Vorhandensein und die Form des von den Bereichen 64 gebildeten Musters kann so zur zusätzlichen Echtheitsprüfung, beispielsweise am Point of Sale oder in Banken, eingesetzt werden.On the other hand, if the security element 12 is viewed with an applied polarizer 70, as in FIG Fig. 6 4, strong contrast differences occur between the phase retardation layer regions 64 and the non-retardation layer regions 66. The presence and shape of the pattern formed by the regions 64 can thus be used for additional authenticity testing, for example at the point of sale or in banks.

Die Funktionsweise des versteckten Sicherheitsmerkmals wird nun anhand einer λ/4 - Phasenverzögerungsschicht 62 und eines aufgelegten Zirkularpolarisators 70, der nur rechtszirkular polarisiertes Licht transmittiert, beispielhaft erläutert. Bei diesen Bedingungen wird von einfallendem unpolarisiertem Licht nur der rechtszirkular polarisierte Anteil von dem Zirkularpolarisator 70 durchgelassen. In den Teilbereichen 66 des Sicherheitselements ohne Phasenverzögerungsschicht 62 wird das rechtszirkular polarisierte Licht von der metallischen Reflektorschicht 26 des Dünnschichtelementes 24 mit umgekehrter Polarisationsrichtung, also als linkszirkular polarisiertes Licht reflektiert. Das reflektierte linkszirkular polarisierte Licht wird vom Zirkularpolarisator 70 gesperrt, so dass die Teilbereiche 66 für den Betrachter dunkel erscheinen.The operation of the hidden security feature will now be exemplified by means of a λ / 4 phase retardation layer 62 and an applied circular polarizer 70 which transmits only right circularly polarized light. In these conditions, incidental unpolarized Only the right circularly polarized portion of the circular polarizer 70 is transmitted. In the subregions 66 of the security element without phase retardation layer 62, the right circularly polarized light is reflected by the metallic reflector layer 26 of the thin film element 24 with the direction of polarization reversed, that is to say as left circularly polarized light. The reflected left circularly polarized light is blocked by the circular polarizer 70 so that the partial areas 66 appear dark to the viewer.

In den Teilbereichen 64 mit Phasenverzögerungsschicht wird das rechtszirkular polarisierte Licht dagegen durch die Phasenverzögerungsschicht 62 vor der Reflexion an der Reflektorschicht 26 in linear polarisiertes Licht gewandelt. Das nach Reflexion unverändert linear polarisierte Licht durchläuft die Phasenverzögerungsschicht 62 erneut und wird dabei in rechtszirkular polarisiertes Licht gewandelt, das den Zirkularpolarisator 70 bei den gewählten Voraussetzungen ohne Weiteres passieren kann. In den Teilbereichen 64 erscheint das Muster des offenen Sicherheitsmerkmals für den Betrachter daher im Wesentlichen unverändert hell.On the other hand, in the phase retardation layer portions 64, the right circularly polarized light is converted to linearly polarized light by the phase retardation layer 62 prior to reflection at the reflector layer 26. The unaltered linearly polarized light after reflection passes through the phase retardation layer 62 again and is thereby converted into right-circularly polarized light, which can easily pass through the circular polarizer 70 under the chosen conditions. In the partial regions 64, the pattern of the open security feature therefore appears to the viewer essentially unchanged as bright.

Von besonderer Bedeutung für die Kombinierbarkeit des offenen und versteckten Sicherheitsmerkmals ist dabei die Tatsache, dass die semitransparente Farbschicht 34, 54 den Polarisationszustand des durchtretenden Lichts weitgehend erhält. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, dass das von der Phasenverzögerungsschicht 62 gebildet Muster in den farbvariablen und den farbkonstanten Bereichen gleichermaßen sichtbar gemacht werden kann.Of particular importance for the combinability of the open and hidden security feature is the fact that the semi-transparent ink layer 34, 54 largely preserves the polarization state of the transmitted light. This ensures that the pattern formed by the phase retardation layer 62 in the color-variable and color-constant regions can be made equally visible.

Wie bei den oben beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen können auch die Reflexionsschicht und die Absorberschicht des Ausführungsbeispiels der Figuren 5 und 6 mit Aussparungen versehen sein, um beispielsweise eine metallische Negativschrift oder lokale Durchsichtsbereiche in einem ansonsten opaken Sicherheitselement zu erzeugen.As in the embodiments described above, the reflective layer and the absorber layer of the embodiment of the Figures 5 and 6 be provided with recesses, for example, a produce negative metallic writing or local areas of transparency in an otherwise opaque security element.

In allen beschriebenen Gestaltungen kann die semitransparente Farbschicht auch mehrere Teilbereiche mit unterschiedlichem Farbeindruck aufweisen. Der Farbeindruck des Dünnschichtelements kann dann für eine oder auch für mehrere vorbestimmte Betrachtungsbedingung an den Farbeindruck eines oder mehrerer der Teilbereiche angepasst sein. Beispielsweise kann ein Dünnschichtelement, dessen Farbeindruck beim Kippen von Magenta nach Grün wechselt, mit einer semitransparenten Farbschicht mit zwei Teilbereichen kombiniert sein, von denen der erste Teilbereich Magenta, der zweite Teilbereich Grün erscheint. Der Farbeindruck des Dünnschichtelements entspricht dann bei senkrechter Betrachtung im Wesentlichen dem Farbeindruck des ersten Teilbereichs der Farbschicht (Magenta), während er bei schräger Betrachtung im Wesentlichen dem Farbeindruck des zweiten Teilbereichs der Farbschicht (Grün) entspricht. Durch diese Farbänderung und die damit verbundene Änderung der visuellen Zuordnung können beispielsweise verschiedene Designelemente des Sicherheitselements beim Kippen hervortreten und/oder verschwinden.In all embodiments described, the semi-transparent ink layer can also have a plurality of partial regions with different color impressions. The color impression of the thin-film element can then be adapted to the color impression of one or more of the subregions for one or also for a plurality of predetermined viewing conditions. By way of example, a thin-film element whose color impression changes from magenta to green when tilted can be combined with a semi-transparent ink layer with two subregions, of which the first subregion appears magenta, the second subregion green. When viewed vertically, the color impression of the thin-film element substantially corresponds to the color impression of the first subregion of the color layer (magenta), while it corresponds obliquely to the color impression of the second subregion of the color layer (green). By means of this color change and the associated change in the visual assignment, for example, different design elements of the security element can emerge and / or disappear when tilted.

Die Dünnschichtelemente können in allen Gestaltungen auch in der Form Absorberschicht / Dielektrikumsschicht / Absorberschicht ausgebildet sein, wobei auch größere Schichtstapel mit der Abfolge Absorberschicht 1/ Dielektrikumsschicht 1/ Absorberschicht 2 / Dielektrikumsschicht 2 ... Dielektrikumsschicht N-1 / Absorberschicht N, mit N = 3, 4, 5..., möglich sind. Auch derartige Schichtenfolgen weisen einen Farbkippeffekt auf, sind aber nicht opak, so dass der Farbkippeffekt auch von der Rückseite des Sicherheitselements sichtbar ist. Sicherheitselemente mit derartigen Dünnschichtelementen können insbesondere bei Dokumenten mit Durchsichtsbereichen zum Einsatz kommen.The thin-film elements can also be formed in the form of absorber layer / dielectric layer / absorber layer in all designs, wherein larger layer stacks with the sequence absorber layer 1 / dielectric layer 1 / absorber layer 2 / dielectric layer 2... Dielectric layer N-1 / absorber layer N, with N = 3, 4, 5 ..., are possible. Such layer sequences also have a color-shift effect, but are not opaque, so that the color-shift effect is also visible from the rear side of the security element. Security elements with such thin-film elements can be used especially for documents with viewing areas.

Die angesprochenen Aussparungen in den Reflexionsschichten können auch rasterartig, vorzugsweise mit einem geringen Flächenanteil von 40 % oder weniger, angelegt sein. Die Aussparungen der Reflexionsschichten fallen dann im Auflicht praktisch nicht auf, sondern treten nur im Durchlicht in Erscheinung.The mentioned recesses in the reflection layers can also be grid-like, preferably with a small areal proportion of 40% or less. The recesses of the reflection layers are then practically not incident on reflected light, but only appear in transmitted light.

Claims (15)

  1. Security element for securing items of value, having
    - a relief structure on which a thin film element (24) having a color shift effect is disposed in an overlap area, wherein the thin film element comprises an absorber layer (30) with gaps (32), in the area of which no color shift effect is perceptible, and
    - a semitransparent ink layer (34), which is disposed on top of the thin film element (24) and the relief structure in the area of the gaps (32) in the absorber layer (30), wherein the color impression of the thin film element is coordinated with at least one subzone of the semitransparent ink layer when viewed under predefined viewing conditions, such that the color impressions appear very similar when viewed in a certain viewing direction,
    - wherein the semitransparent ink layer (34) has a light transmissivity between 30% and 95% in a spectral range in which the color impression of the thin film element is coordinated with the color impression of the semitransparent layer, and
    - the thin film element (24) contains either a reflection layer, an absorber layer and a dielectric spacer layer arranged between the reflection layer and the absorber layer, or at least a first absorber layer, a second absorber layer, and a dielectric spacer layer arranged between the two absorber layers.
  2. Security element as recited in claim 1, characterized in that the semitransparent ink layer completely fills the area of the gaps in the absorber layer, or that the semitransparent ink layer only partially fills the area of the gaps in the absorber layer.
  3. Security element as recited in at least one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the semitransparent ink layer is also present in areas of the absorber layer above the thin film element where no gaps are present.
  4. Security element as recited in at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the semitransparent ink layer has a light transmissivity between 60% and 95%, and preferably between 80% and 95% in a spectral range in which the color impression of the thin film element matches the color impression of the semitransparent layer.
  5. Security element as recited in at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the semitransparent ink layer is provided in the shape of characters, patterns or codes.
  6. Security element as recited in at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the semitransparent ink layer includes a plurality of subzones with different color impressions, and when viewed under predefined conditions the color impression of the thin film element is coordinated with the color impression of at least one of the subzones.
  7. Security element as recited in at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the thin film element contains a reflection layer, an absorber layer, and a dielectric spacer layer arranged between the reflection layer and the absorber layer, and that the reflection layer has gaps in the form of patterns, characters or codes that form transparent or translucent zoned in the thin film element.
  8. Security element as recited in at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the relief structure forms a diffractive structure, such as a hologram, a holographic grating image, a hologram-like diffraction structure, or an achromatic structure such as a matte structure, a micromirror arrangement, a blazed grating with a sawtooth-like notched profile or a Fresnel lens arrangement.
  9. Security element as recited in at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a transparent phase delay layer is arranged in areas over the thin film element, forming a phase-delaying layer for light in the visible wavelength range.
  10. Security element as recited in claim 9, characterized in that the semitransparent ink layer essentially preserves the polarisation state of penetrating light in the visible wavelength range.
  11. Method for producing a security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, in which
    - an embossing lacquer layer (22) is applied to a substrate (20) and embossed in the form of a desired relief structure,
    - in an overlap area, a thin film element (24) having a color shift effect is disposed on the relief structure,
    - wherein the thin film element (24) is formed either with a reflection layer, an absorber layer, and a dielectric spacer layer arranged between the reflection layer and the absorber layer, or with at least a first absorber layer, a second absorber layer, and a dielectric spacer layer arranged between the two absorber layers,
    - and wherein an absorber layer (30) of the thin film element (24) is provided with gaps (32), in the area of which no color shift is perceptible,
    - a semitransparent ink layer (34) is disposed on top of the thin film element (24) and the relief structure in the area of the gaps (32) in the absorber layer (30), wherein the color impression of the thin film element is coordinated with the color impression of at least one subzone of the semitransparent ink layer when viewed under predefined conditions, so that the color impressions appear very similar when viewed from a certain viewing direction, and
    - wherein the semitransparent ink layer (34) is formed with a light transmissivity between 30% and 95% in a spectral range in which the color impression of the thin film element is coordinated with the color impression of the semitransparent layer.
  12. Method as recited in claim 11, characterized in that a transparent phase delay layer is arranged in areas over the thin film element, forming a phase-shifting layer for light in the visible wavelength range.
  13. Security paper for producing security or value documents such as banknotes, cheques, identity cards, certificates or the like, which is furnished with a security element in accordance with at least one of claims 1 to 10.
  14. Data carrier, particularly a branded item, value document or the like, having a security element in accordance with at least one of claims 1 to 10.
  15. Use of a security element in accordance with at least one of claims 1 to 10, a security paper in accordance with claim 13, or a data carrier in accordance with claim 14 to protect goods of any kind against forgery.
EP08865891A 2007-12-20 2008-12-17 Safety element and method for the production thereof Not-in-force EP2225109B1 (en)

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DE102007061827A DE102007061827A1 (en) 2007-12-20 2007-12-20 Security element and method for its production
PCT/EP2008/010740 WO2009080262A1 (en) 2007-12-20 2008-12-17 Safety element and method for the production thereof

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EP (1) EP2225109B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE516968T1 (en)
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WO (1) WO2009080262A1 (en)

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DE102008016795A1 (en) 2008-04-02 2009-10-08 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Method for producing a micro-optical moiré magnification arrangement
DE102008028187A1 (en) 2008-06-12 2009-12-17 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Security element with optically variable element.
DE102008027952A1 (en) 2008-06-12 2009-12-17 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Security element with screened layer of raster elements
DE102008029638A1 (en) 2008-06-23 2009-12-24 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh security element
DE102008031325A1 (en) 2008-07-02 2010-01-07 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Security element and method for its production
DE102008032224A1 (en) 2008-07-09 2010-01-14 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh security element
DE102008046511A1 (en) 2008-09-10 2010-03-11 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh representation arrangement
DE102009035413A1 (en) 2009-07-31 2011-02-03 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Identification document with a personalized visual identification and method for its production
DE102009041583A1 (en) 2009-09-15 2011-03-17 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Thin-film element with interference layer structure
DE102009042022A1 (en) 2009-09-21 2011-03-24 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Elongated security element with machine-readable magnetic areas

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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EP3212430B1 (en) 2014-10-29 2018-10-24 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology GmbH Security element with colourshifting thin film
EP3212430B2 (en) 2014-10-29 2021-12-01 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology GmbH Security element with colourshifting thin film

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8613471B2 (en) 2013-12-24
ATE516968T1 (en) 2011-08-15
WO2009080262A1 (en) 2009-07-02
DE102007061827A1 (en) 2009-06-25
EP2225109A1 (en) 2010-09-08
US20110079997A1 (en) 2011-04-07

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