EP2224292B1 - Detent escapement for timepiece movement - Google Patents

Detent escapement for timepiece movement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2224292B1
EP2224292B1 EP10405034A EP10405034A EP2224292B1 EP 2224292 B1 EP2224292 B1 EP 2224292B1 EP 10405034 A EP10405034 A EP 10405034A EP 10405034 A EP10405034 A EP 10405034A EP 2224292 B1 EP2224292 B1 EP 2224292B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
path
escape wheel
teeth
clearance
rocker
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EP10405034A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2224292A2 (en
EP2224292A3 (en
Inventor
Alexandre Chiuvé
Fabiano Colpo
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Rolex SA
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Rolex SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a direct impulse escapement, in particular a detent, for a watch movement, comprising a pendulum secured to a momentum element, an escapement wheel whose teeth intersect the trajectory of the element pulse, a trigger rocker having a stop member and a release member, means for engaging the stop member in the path of the toothing of the escape wheel, a release finger integral in rotation with the balance, and means for engaging said release finger with the latch release member once per swing period of the balance to disengage the stop member from the toothing of the escape wheel, in wherein said means for engaging the stop member in the path of the toothing of the escape wheel comprises a sliding surface integral with the trigger rocker, arranged to enter the trailing jectoire of the toothing of the escape wheel when the stop element comes out, this sliding surface being shaped so that the force exerted on it by a tooth of the escape wheel causes the return of the element of stopping of the trigger rocker in the path of the toothing of the escape wheel.
  • the second flexible element is necessary to return the blocker to its initial position.
  • the system must overcome the draft of the escape wheel and the second flexible element, which causes a considerable loss of energy because the energy supplied to the second flexible element to deform it (about 50% of the total energy needed to release the wheel) is lost.
  • the sizing of the trigger is clearly one of the critical points in the development of the trigger escapement. It requires sufficient rigidity to keep the escapement wheel locked but, at the same time, it does not take too much energy to release the escape wheel during the impulse to be provided to the balance, the risk being a disturbance no - Negligible spiral balance system and a significant drop in the associated performance.
  • the unlocking torque required for the release of the escape wheel also represents a shock-proofing which imposes a lower limit on the rigidity of the second flexible element.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome, at least in part, the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • the subject of the present invention is a direct-impulse escapement, in particular an expansion escapement for a watch movement according to claim 1.
  • the main advantage of such an exhaust is to increase the safety with respect to shocks.
  • the trigger rocker with a stop element and a sliding surface which penetrate alternately in the path of the toothing of the escape wheel constitutes additional security.
  • the exhaust illustrated by the figure 1 comprises an escape wheel 1 whose circular trajectory of the teeth intersects the trajectory of a pulse pallet 2 integral with the balance 3 associated with a spiral (not shown).
  • a trigger rocker 4 can move freely between two stops 5, 6. It comprises on the one hand a stop element whose stop face 4a serves to stop a tooth of the escape wheel 1 and secondly a sliding surface 4b to allow a tooth of the escape wheel to slide on this surface 4b and to tilt the rocker in the opposite direction of that of the clockwise to bring the abutment face in the trajectory of the teeth of the escape wheel 1.
  • This trigger rocker 4 further comprises an elastic release member 4c bearing against a stop 4d and whose free end enters the path of a release finger 7 integral with the rocker 3.
  • the stop element of the trigger rocker 4 still has a safety surface 4e which is situated outside the path of the teeth of the escape wheel 1 and adjacent to this trajectory when the trigger rocker 4 bears against the stop 5 ( Figures 3 to 6 ). This surface extends over an angle of the escape wheel 1 corresponding to the angle during which a tooth of the escape wheel communicates its impulse to the pulse pallet 2 of the balance 3.
  • the balance 3 rotates in the opposite direction of that of the clockwise.
  • the abutment face 4a of the stop element of the latch 4 retains the escape wheel 1 which holds the latch 4 against the abutment 6.
  • the phase illustrated by the figure 2 corresponds to the moment when the release finger 7 integral with the rocker 3 meets the elastic release member 4c bearing against the abutment 4d. Due to the stop 4d and the direction of rotation opposite that of clockwise balance 3, the elastic release element 4c behaves as a rigid element.
  • the trigger rocker 4 then passes under the action of the release finger 7 of the abutment against the abutment 6 against the abutment 5 ( figure 3 ), thus releasing the escape wheel 1, one tooth of which was stopped by the abutment face 4a of the stop element of the trigger rocker 4.
  • the escape wheel 1 is subjected to the torque of the mainspring (not shown) transmitted by the finishing train (not shown), is then driven in the direction of clockwise. One of his teeth then meets the impulse pallet 2 of the pendulum 3 ( figure 4 ). This is the beginning of the impulse phase during which the energy of the mainspring is transmitted to the balance 3 to transmit the energy necessary to maintain its oscillating movement.
  • This impulse phase ends when the tooth of the escape wheel leaves the impulse pallet, that is, practically in the position illustrated by the figure 5 .
  • the safety surface 4e of the stop element of the trigger rocker 4 prevents the stop member from entering the path of the teeth of the wheel exhaust 1, following an impact for example.
  • the escape wheel 1 After the impulse phase, the escape wheel 1 continues its rotation and one of its teeth meets the sliding surface 4b ( figure 6 ). By sliding against this surface 4b, the tooth of the escape wheel rotates the lever 4 in the opposite direction of that of the clockwise and returns it against the stop 6 ( figure 7 ). This tilting also brings the stop element of the rocker 4 into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel 1, so that a tooth of the escape wheel abuts against the abutment face 4a of the stopping element and exerts on the rocker 4 a couple which holds it against the abutment 6 ( figure 8 ).
  • the rocker 3 continues its rotation until it is stopped by the hairspring and is driven in a counter-clockwise rotation ( figure 11 ), thus starting a new oscillation cycle.
  • the figure 12 represents a variant of the pulse and release device associated with the pivoting shaft of the balance in replacement of the pulse pallet and the release finger of the previous embodiment.
  • This variant comprises a circular plate 12 provided with a tubular element 12a designed to be driven on the balance shaft.
  • This tubular element 12a has a partially circular outer section cut by two parallel outer plane faces 12b on which is engaged a pulse ring 13, provided with an opening 13a of complementary section to that of the outer section of the tubular element 12a .
  • the impulse ring 13 is retained axially between two retaining rings 8a, 8b driven.
  • the impulse ring 13 has a finger or pulse face 13b projecting from the outer lateral face of the impulse ring 13.
  • the finger of the impulse ring may be an insert such as a pallet.
  • Two pegs 9 and 10, of semicircular sections in this example, are driven into two diametrically opposed openings 12c, 12d respectively and of corresponding sections, formed in the plate 12.
  • An inertial member 11 is provided with three openings 11a, 11b, 11c, two openings 11a, 11b are off-center and preferably symmetrical and diametrically opposed.
  • One of these openings 11b is semicircular limited by two radii forming an angle greater than 180 ° to receive a pivot pin 10 of the inertial member 11 allowing it an angular displacement.
  • the other opening is elongate 11a to receive the pin 9.
  • the third opening is a central opening 11c for the clearance passage of the tubular portion 12a of the plate 12 and can be used, in the absence of the opening 11a and the pin 9, to limit the angular displacement of the inertial member 11.
  • a release finger 11d protrudes from the outer lateral face of the inertial member 11.
  • This release finger 11d is of triangular shape in the example in question, with a drive face oriented radially relative to the center of the inertial member 11 and the other inclined face.
  • the release finger 11d could also be formed by a reported palette, ruby for example.
  • the inclined face of the release finger 11d is used to push the inertial element 12 in the event that a shock would have moved it into a projecting position when it should be in the retracted position.
  • the inertial member 11 is disposed at the base of the tubular portion 12a.
  • the openings 11a, 11b, 11c are arranged, dimensioned and shaped to allow the inertial member 11 to perform a limited angular displacement around the axis of the pin 10, which is parallel to the axis of the tray 12 driven on the pivot shaft of the balance, and which constitutes the pivoting member of the inertial member 11.
  • the elongate opening 11a extends symmetrically to a diameter of the inertial element 11 passing through the respective axes of the openings 11b , 11c, so that the two limit positions of the inertial member 11 are respectively symmetrically on either side of the axis of pivoting of the balance.
  • the release finger 11d protrudes outside the periphery of the circular plate 12.
  • the radial face of the triangular finger meets the clearance element 4c which no longer needs to be elastic, so that the release finger 11d raises the trigger rocker 4.
  • the inertial member 11 has two stable positions, each dependent on the direction of rotation of the balance. The tests carried out show that the inertial member 11 moves before the balance has completed each of the two alternations making up its oscillation period, but its rotation around the ankle 10 begins around the neutral point of the balance (angle 0 of its position).
  • the pendulum In neutral, the pendulum has the maximum speed and thus passes from a positive acceleration to a negative acceleration (it starts to decelerate) and that is when the inertial effects begin to be felt.
  • the release finger 11d does not cooperate with the trigger rocker 4 as it passes vis-à-vis the release member 4c.
  • the clearance finger 11d has no element to overcome to pass the obstacle of the element 4c of the disengagement lever 4 during the alternation of the balance wheel or the it does not receive a maintenance pulse of its oscillating movement, since the finger disappears inside the circular periphery of the plate 12. There is therefore no energy loss or disturbance of the oscillation period of the pendulum.
  • the angular displacement of the inertial member 11 between its two limit positions is only a few degrees, typically of the order of 5 ° to 10 °, these two limit positions being located symmetrically on either side of the axis of pivoting of the balance.
  • This inertial member 11 may be made of a material of low specific mass, the inertial effect being always sufficient to guarantee the function.
  • the freedom of choice of the outer geometrical shape makes it possible to produce an inertial element of symmetrical shape, which guarantees a weak added imbalance. Experience shows that with a sparse material such as silicon, the influence on the equilibrium of the balance is negligible.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un échappement à impulsion directe, notamment à détente, pour mouvement d'horlogerie, comprenant un balancier solidaire d'un élément d'impulsion, une roue d'échappement dont la denture coupe la trajectoire de l'élément d'impulsion, une bascule de détente présentant un élément d'arrêt et un élément de dégagement, des moyens pour engager l'élément d'arrêt dans la trajectoire de la denture de la roue d'échappement, un doigt de dégagement solidaire en rotation du balancier, et des moyens pour mettre en prise ledit doigt de dégagement avec l'élément de dégagement de la bascule une fois par période d'oscillation du balancier pour dégager l'élément d'arrêt de la denture de la roue d'échappement, dans lequel lesdits moyens pour engager l'élément d'arrêt dans la trajectoire de la denture de la roue d'échappement comportent une surface de glissement solidaire de la bascule de détente, disposée pour pénétrer dans la trajectoire de la denture de la roue d'échappement lorsque l'élément d'arrêt en sort, cette surface de glissement étant conformée pour que la force exercée sur elle par une dent de la roue d'échappement provoque le retour de l'élément d'arrêt de la bascule de détente dans la trajectoire de la denture de la roue d'échappement.The present invention relates to a direct impulse escapement, in particular a detent, for a watch movement, comprising a pendulum secured to a momentum element, an escapement wheel whose teeth intersect the trajectory of the element pulse, a trigger rocker having a stop member and a release member, means for engaging the stop member in the path of the toothing of the escape wheel, a release finger integral in rotation with the balance, and means for engaging said release finger with the latch release member once per swing period of the balance to disengage the stop member from the toothing of the escape wheel, in wherein said means for engaging the stop member in the path of the toothing of the escape wheel comprises a sliding surface integral with the trigger rocker, arranged to enter the trailing jectoire of the toothing of the escape wheel when the stop element comes out, this sliding surface being shaped so that the force exerted on it by a tooth of the escape wheel causes the return of the element of stopping of the trigger rocker in the path of the toothing of the escape wheel.

Un des échappements les plus réputés pour ses performances générales (rendement et isochronisme) est celui dit à détente qui libère le train de rouage lorsque le balancier tourne dans un sens, tandis que ce même système permet le passage du balancier sans autre action que le fléchissement de l'élément de dégagement élastique pendant son retour. Cette fonction avantageuse peut être obtenue grâce à un élément flexible (généralement une lame) qui est bloqué dans une direction afin de permettre de libérer la roue d'échappement suite à la flexion d'un second élément flexible. Quand le balancier tourne en sens inverse, la première lame peut fléchir librement sans libérer la roue d'échappement, évitant ainsi une perte inutile d'énergie.One of the most famous exhausts for its general performance (efficiency and isochronism) is the so-called trigger which releases the gear train when the balance rotates in one direction, while the same system allows the passage of the balance without any other action than the deflection of the elastic release member during its return. This advantageous function can be obtained thanks to a flexible element (generally a blade) which is blocked in a direction to allow to release the escape wheel following the flexion of a second flexible element. When the pendulum turns in the opposite direction, the first blade can bend freely without releasing the escape wheel, thus avoiding unnecessary energy loss.

Le second élément flexible est nécessaire pour ramener le bloqueur dans sa position initiale. Cependant, au moment de la libération de la roue d'échappement, le système doit vaincre le tirage de la roue d'échappement et le second élément flexible, ce qui occasionne une perte d'énergie considérable car l'énergie fournie au second élément flexible pour le déformer (environ 50% de l'énergie totale à fournir pour libérer la roue) est perdue.The second flexible element is necessary to return the blocker to its initial position. However, at the time of release of the escape wheel, the system must overcome the draft of the escape wheel and the second flexible element, which causes a considerable loss of energy because the energy supplied to the second flexible element to deform it (about 50% of the total energy needed to release the wheel) is lost.

Le dimensionnement de la détente (et en particulier des parties flexibles) est clairement un des points critiques dans la mise au point de l'échappement à détente. Il faut une rigidité suffisante pour maintenir la roue d'échappement verrouillée mais, en même temps, il ne faut pas une trop grande énergie pour libérer la roue d'échappement lors de l'impulsion à fournir au balancier, le risque étant une perturbation non-négligeable du système balancier-spiral et une chute importante du rendement associé. Le couple de déverrouillage nécessaire pour la libération de la roue d'échappement représente aussi une sécurité vis-à-vis des chocs qui impose une limite inférieure à la rigidité du second élément flexible.The sizing of the trigger (and in particular the flexible parts) is clearly one of the critical points in the development of the trigger escapement. It requires sufficient rigidity to keep the escapement wheel locked but, at the same time, it does not take too much energy to release the escape wheel during the impulse to be provided to the balance, the risk being a disturbance no - Negligible spiral balance system and a significant drop in the associated performance. The unlocking torque required for the release of the escape wheel also represents a shock-proofing which imposes a lower limit on the rigidity of the second flexible element.

Un échappement à détente du type susmentionné est décrit dans le US 40,508 .A trigger escapement of the aforementioned type is described in US 40,508 .

Ce mécanisme a été surtout employé dans la chronométrie de marine; il est coûteux et délicat, exige une exécution parfaite et ne se prête guère à la fabrication en série. C'est par ailleurs un échappement excellent qui permet un réglage très précis et en conséquence les performances chronométriques les plus élevées.This mechanism has been especially employed in marine chronometry; it is expensive and delicate, requires perfect execution and is not suitable for mass production. It is also an excellent exhaust that allows a very precise adjustment and consequently the highest chronometric performances.

Toutefois dans un tel échappement, le tirage de la roue d'échappement constitue la seule sécurité ce qui est insuffisant dans le cas d'une montre-bracelet susceptible d'être soumise à des chocs qui perturberaient gravement son bon fonctionnement.However, in such an exhaust, the pull of the escape wheel is the only security which is insufficient in the case of a wristwatch likely to be subjected to shocks that would seriously disrupt its proper operation.

Le but de la présente invention est de remédier, au moins en partie, aux inconvénients susmentionnés.The object of the present invention is to overcome, at least in part, the aforementioned drawbacks.

A cet effet, la présente invention a pour objet un échappement à impulsion directe, notamment à détente pour mouvement d'horlogerie selon la revendication 1.For this purpose, the subject of the present invention is a direct-impulse escapement, in particular an expansion escapement for a watch movement according to claim 1.

L'avantage principal d'un tel échappement est d'augmenter la sécurité par rapport aux chocs. En outre la bascule de détente avec un élément d'arrêt et une surface glissante qui pénètrent alternativement dans la trajectoire de la denture de la roue d'échappement constitue une sécurité supplémentaire.The main advantage of such an exhaust is to increase the safety with respect to shocks. In addition, the trigger rocker with a stop element and a sliding surface which penetrate alternately in the path of the toothing of the escape wheel constitutes additional security.

L'élément d'arrêt de la bascule de détente comporte une surface de sécurité située en-dehors de la trajectoire des dents de la roue d'échappement et adjacente à cette trajectoire lorsque la bascule de détente est en position de déverrouillage. Avantageusement, la longueur de cette surface de sécurité correspond à l'angle que parcourt la roue d'échappement pour communiquer l'impulsion motrice au balancier, pour empêcher le retour prématuré de l'élément d'arrêt dans la trajectoire des dents de la roue d'échappement. Il s'agit donc d'une seconde sécurité. Les dessins annexés illustrent, schématiquement et à titre d'exemple, une forme d'exécution et une variante d'un échappement à détente objet de l'invention.

  • La figure 1 est une vue en plan de l'échappement à détente objet de l'invention associé à un oscillateur balancier-spiral;
  • les figures 2 à 11 illustrent l'échappement de la figure 1 à plus grande échelle, sans le balancier, dans différentes positions au cours d'un cycle d'oscillation;
  • la figure 12 est une vue en perspective éclatée d'une variante de la forme d'exécution des figures précédentes.
The stop element of the trigger rocker comprises a safety surface situated outside the path of the teeth of the escape wheel and adjacent to this trajectory when the trigger rocker is in the unlocking position. Advantageously, the length of this safety surface corresponds to the angle traveled by the escape wheel to communicate the driving pulse to the balance, to prevent the premature return of the stop element in the trajectory of the teeth of the wheel. exhaust. It is therefore a second security. The accompanying drawings illustrate, schematically and by way of example, an embodiment and a variant of an escapement trigger object of the invention.
  • The figure 1 is a plan view of the detent escapement object of the invention associated with a balance-balance oscillator;
  • the Figures 2 to 11 illustrate the escape of the figure 1 on a larger scale, without the balance, in different positions during an oscillation cycle;
  • the figure 12 is an exploded perspective view of a variant of the embodiment of the preceding figures.

L'échappement illustré par la figure 1 comporte une roue d'échappement 1 dont la trajectoire circulaire des dents coupe la trajectoire d'une palette d'impulsion 2 solidaire du balancier 3 associé à un spiral (non représenté).The exhaust illustrated by the figure 1 comprises an escape wheel 1 whose circular trajectory of the teeth intersects the trajectory of a pulse pallet 2 integral with the balance 3 associated with a spiral (not shown).

Une bascule de détente 4 peut se déplacer librement entre deux butées 5, 6. Elle comporte d'une part un élément d'arrêt dont une face de butée 4a sert à arrêter une dent de la roue d'échappement 1 et d'autre part une surface de glissement 4b pour permettre à une dent de la roue d'échappement de glisser sur cette surface 4b et de faire basculer la bascule dans le sens inverse de celui des aiguilles d'une montre pour ramener la face de butée dans la trajectoire des dents de la roue d'échappement 1. Cette bascule de détente 4 comporte encore un élément de dégagement élastique 4c en appui contre une butée 4d et dont l'extrémité libre pénètre dans la trajectoire d'un doigt de dégagement 7 solidaire du balancier 3.A trigger rocker 4 can move freely between two stops 5, 6. It comprises on the one hand a stop element whose stop face 4a serves to stop a tooth of the escape wheel 1 and secondly a sliding surface 4b to allow a tooth of the escape wheel to slide on this surface 4b and to tilt the rocker in the opposite direction of that of the clockwise to bring the abutment face in the trajectory of the teeth of the escape wheel 1. This trigger rocker 4 further comprises an elastic release member 4c bearing against a stop 4d and whose free end enters the path of a release finger 7 integral with the rocker 3.

L'élément d'arrêt de la bascule de détente 4 présente encore une surface de sécurité 4e qui est située en dehors de la trajectoire des dents de la roue d'échappement 1 et adjacente à cette trajectoire lorsque la bascule de détente 4 appuie contre la butée 5 (figures 3 à 6). Cette surface s'étend sur un angle de la roue d'échappement 1 correspondant à l'angle pendant lequel une dent de la roue d'échappement communique son impulsion à la palette d'impulsion 2 du balancier 3.The stop element of the trigger rocker 4 still has a safety surface 4e which is situated outside the path of the teeth of the escape wheel 1 and adjacent to this trajectory when the trigger rocker 4 bears against the stop 5 ( Figures 3 to 6 ). This surface extends over an angle of the escape wheel 1 corresponding to the angle during which a tooth of the escape wheel communicates its impulse to the pulse pallet 2 of the balance 3.

Un cycle d'oscillation du balancier-spiral 3 se décompose selon les différentes phases illustrées par les figures 1 à 11.An oscillation cycle of the spring balance 3 is decomposed according to the different phases illustrated by the Figures 1 to 11 .

Dans la phase illustrée par la figure 1, le balancier 3 tourne dans le sens inverse de celui des aiguilles d'une montre. La face de butée 4a de l'élément d'arrêt de la bascule 4 retient la roue d'échappement 1 laquelle maintient la bascule 4 contre la butée 6.In the phase illustrated by the figure 1 , the balance 3 rotates in the opposite direction of that of the clockwise. The abutment face 4a of the stop element of the latch 4 retains the escape wheel 1 which holds the latch 4 against the abutment 6.

La phase illustrée par la figure 2 correspond au moment où le doigt de dégagement 7 solidaire du balancier 3 rencontre l'élément de dégagement élastique 4c en appui contre la butée 4d. Du fait de la butée 4d et du sens de rotation contraire à celui des aiguilles d'une montre du balancier 3, l'élément de dégagement élastique 4c se comporte comme un élément rigide.The phase illustrated by the figure 2 corresponds to the moment when the release finger 7 integral with the rocker 3 meets the elastic release member 4c bearing against the abutment 4d. Due to the stop 4d and the direction of rotation opposite that of clockwise balance 3, the elastic release element 4c behaves as a rigid element.

La bascule de détente 4 passe alors sous l'action du doigt de dégagement 7 de l'appui contre la butée 6 à l'appui contre la butée 5 (figure 3), libérant ainsi la roue d'échappement 1 dont une dent était arrêtée par la face de butée 4a de l'élément d'arrêt de la bascule de détente 4.The trigger rocker 4 then passes under the action of the release finger 7 of the abutment against the abutment 6 against the abutment 5 ( figure 3 ), thus releasing the escape wheel 1, one tooth of which was stopped by the abutment face 4a of the stop element of the trigger rocker 4.

La roue d'échappement 1 étant soumise au couple du ressort de barillet (non représenté) transmis par le rouage de finissage (non représenté), est alors entraînée dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre. Une de ses dents rencontre alors la palette d'impulsion 2 du balancier 3 (figure 4). C'est le début de la phase d'impulsion au cours de laquelle l'énergie du ressort de barillet est transmise au balancier 3 pour lui transmettre l'énergie nécessaire au maintien de son mouvement oscillant.The escape wheel 1 is subjected to the torque of the mainspring (not shown) transmitted by the finishing train (not shown), is then driven in the direction of clockwise. One of his teeth then meets the impulse pallet 2 of the pendulum 3 ( figure 4 ). This is the beginning of the impulse phase during which the energy of the mainspring is transmitted to the balance 3 to transmit the energy necessary to maintain its oscillating movement.

Cette phase d'impulsion se termine au moment où la dent de la roue d'échappement quitte la palette d'impulsion, c'est-à-dire, pratiquement dans la position illustrée par la figure 5. Comme on peut le constater, durant toute cette phase d'impulsion, la surface de sécurité 4e de l'élément d'arrêt de la bascule de détente 4 empêche l'élément d'arrêt de pénétrer dans la trajectoire des dents de la roue d'échappement 1, suite à un choc par exemple.This impulse phase ends when the tooth of the escape wheel leaves the impulse pallet, that is, practically in the position illustrated by the figure 5 . As can be seen, throughout this pulse phase, the safety surface 4e of the stop element of the trigger rocker 4 prevents the stop member from entering the path of the teeth of the wheel exhaust 1, following an impact for example.

Après la phase d'impulsion, la roue d'échappement 1 continue sa rotation et une de ses dents rencontre la surface de glissement 4b (figure 6). En glissant contre cette surface 4b, la dent de la roue d'échappement fait tourner la bascule 4 dans le sens contraire de celui des aiguilles d'une montre et la ramène contre la butée 6 (figure 7). Ce basculement ramène aussi l'élément d'arrêt de la bascule 4 dans la trajectoire des dents de la roue d'échappement 1, de sorte qu'une dent de la roue d'échappement vient buter contre la face de butée 4a de l'élément d'arrêt et exerce sur la bascule 4 un couple qui la maintient contre la butée 6 (figure 8).After the impulse phase, the escape wheel 1 continues its rotation and one of its teeth meets the sliding surface 4b ( figure 6 ). By sliding against this surface 4b, the tooth of the escape wheel rotates the lever 4 in the opposite direction of that of the clockwise and returns it against the stop 6 ( figure 7 ). This tilting also brings the stop element of the rocker 4 into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel 1, so that a tooth of the escape wheel abuts against the abutment face 4a of the stopping element and exerts on the rocker 4 a couple which holds it against the abutment 6 ( figure 8 ).

Pendant ce temps, le balancier 3 a continué à tourner dans le sens contraire à celui des aiguilles d'une montre jusqu'à ce que le spiral l'arrête et le fasse tourner dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre.Meanwhile, the balance 3 has continued to turn counterclockwise until the hairspring stops and rotates it clockwise.

Lorsque le doigt de dégagement 7 rencontre l'élément de dégagement élastique 4c de la bascule de détente 4 (figure 9), il l'écarte de la butée 4d (figure 10) sans déplacer la bascule de détente 4. La palette d'impulsion 2 du balancier 3 passe entre deux dents adjacentes de la roue d'échappement 1 sans entrer en contact avec elles.When the release finger 7 encounters the elastic disengagement element 4c of the trigger rocker 4 ( figure 9 ), it moves it away from the stop 4d ( figure 10 ) without moving the trigger rocker 4. The pulse pallet 2 of the balance 3 passes between two adjacent teeth of the escapement wheel 1 without coming into contact with them.

Le balancier 3 poursuit sa rotation jusqu'à ce qu'il soit arrêté par le spiral et soit entraîné dans une rotation de sens contraire à celui des aiguilles d'une montre (figure 11), commençant ainsi un nouveau cycle d'oscillation.The rocker 3 continues its rotation until it is stopped by the hairspring and is driven in a counter-clockwise rotation ( figure 11 ), thus starting a new oscillation cycle.

La figure 12 représente une variante du dispositif d'impulsion et de dégagement associé à l'arbre de pivotement du balancier en remplacement de la palette d'impulsion et du doigt de dégagement de la forme d'exécution précédente. Cette variante comporte un plateau circulaire 12 muni d'un élément tubulaire 12a conçu pour être chassé sur l'arbre du balancier. Cet élément tubulaire 12a présente une section externe partiellement circulaire coupée par deux faces planes externes parallèles 12b sur laquelle est engagée une bague d'impulsion 13, munie d'une ouverture 13a de section complémentaire à celle de la section externe de l'élément tubulaire 12a. La bague d'impulsion 13 est retenue axialement entre deux bagues de maintien 8a, 8b chassées. La bague d'impulsion 13 présente un doigt ou face d'impulsion 13b faisant saillie de la face latérale externe de la bague d'impulsion 13. Le doigt de la bague d'impulsion peut être un élément rapporté telle qu'une palette.The figure 12 represents a variant of the pulse and release device associated with the pivoting shaft of the balance in replacement of the pulse pallet and the release finger of the previous embodiment. This variant comprises a circular plate 12 provided with a tubular element 12a designed to be driven on the balance shaft. This tubular element 12a has a partially circular outer section cut by two parallel outer plane faces 12b on which is engaged a pulse ring 13, provided with an opening 13a of complementary section to that of the outer section of the tubular element 12a . The impulse ring 13 is retained axially between two retaining rings 8a, 8b driven. The impulse ring 13 has a finger or pulse face 13b projecting from the outer lateral face of the impulse ring 13. The finger of the impulse ring may be an insert such as a pallet.

Deux chevilles 9 et 10, de sections semi-circulaires dans cet exemple, sont chassées dans deux ouvertures 12c, respectivement 12d diamétralement opposées et de sections correspondantes, ménagées dans le plateau 12.Two pegs 9 and 10, of semicircular sections in this example, are driven into two diametrically opposed openings 12c, 12d respectively and of corresponding sections, formed in the plate 12.

Un organe inertiel 11 est muni de trois ouvertures 11a, 11b, 11c, dont deux ouvertures 11a, 11b sont décentrées et de préférence symétriques et diamétralement opposées. Une de ces ouvertures 11b est semi-circulaire limitée par deux rayons formant un angle supérieur à 180° pour recevoir une cheville 10 de pivotement de l'organe inertiel 11 en lui permettant un déplacement angulaire. L'autre ouverture est allongée 11a pour recevoir la cheville 9. La troisième ouverture est une ouverture centrale 11c pour le passage avec jeu de la partie tubulaire 12a du plateau 12 et peut servir, en l'absence de l'ouverture 11a et de la cheville 9, à limiter le déplacement angulaire de l'organe inertiel 11. Un doigt de dégagement 11d fait saillie de la face latérale externe de l'organe inertiel 11. Ce doigt de dégagement 11d est de forme triangulaire dans l'exemple considéré, avec une face d'entraînement orientée radialement par rapport au centre de l'organe inertiel 11 et l'autre face inclinée. Le doigt de dégagement 11d pourrait aussi être formé par une palette rapportée, en rubis par exemple. La face inclinée du doigt de dégagement 11d sert à repousser l'élément inertiel 12 au cas où un choc l'aurait déplacé en position saillante alors qu'il devrait être en position escamotée.An inertial member 11 is provided with three openings 11a, 11b, 11c, two openings 11a, 11b are off-center and preferably symmetrical and diametrically opposed. One of these openings 11b is semicircular limited by two radii forming an angle greater than 180 ° to receive a pivot pin 10 of the inertial member 11 allowing it an angular displacement. The other opening is elongate 11a to receive the pin 9. The third opening is a central opening 11c for the clearance passage of the tubular portion 12a of the plate 12 and can be used, in the absence of the opening 11a and the pin 9, to limit the angular displacement of the inertial member 11. A release finger 11d protrudes from the outer lateral face of the inertial member 11. This release finger 11d is of triangular shape in the example in question, with a drive face oriented radially relative to the center of the inertial member 11 and the other inclined face. The release finger 11d could also be formed by a reported palette, ruby for example. The inclined face of the release finger 11d is used to push the inertial element 12 in the event that a shock would have moved it into a projecting position when it should be in the retracted position.

L'organe inertiel 11 est disposé à la base de la partie tubulaire 12a. Comme on le voit sur la figure 12, les ouvertures 11a, 11b, 11c sont disposées, dimensionnées et conformées pour permettre à l'organe inertiel 11 d'effectuer un déplacement angulaire limité autour de l'axe de la cheville 10, qui est parallèle à l'axe du plateau 12 chassé sur l'arbre de pivotement du balancier, et qui constitue l'organe de pivotement de l'organe inertiel 11. L'ouverture allongée 11a s'étend symétriquement à un diamètre de l'élément inertiel 11 passant par les axes respectifs des ouvertures 11b, 11c, de sorte que les deux positions limites de l'organe inertiel 11 se situent respectivement, symétriquement de part et d'autre de l'axe de pivotement du balancier.The inertial member 11 is disposed at the base of the tubular portion 12a. As we see on the figure 12 , the openings 11a, 11b, 11c are arranged, dimensioned and shaped to allow the inertial member 11 to perform a limited angular displacement around the axis of the pin 10, which is parallel to the axis of the tray 12 driven on the pivot shaft of the balance, and which constitutes the pivoting member of the inertial member 11. The elongate opening 11a extends symmetrically to a diameter of the inertial element 11 passing through the respective axes of the openings 11b , 11c, so that the two limit positions of the inertial member 11 are respectively symmetrically on either side of the axis of pivoting of the balance.

Dans une position angulaire de l'organe inertiel 11, le doigt de dégagement 11d fait saillie à l'extérieur de la périphérie du plateau circulaire 12. En tournant dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre, la face radiale du doigt triangulaire rencontre l'élément de dégagement 4c qui n'a plus besoin d'être élastique, de sorte que le doigt de dégagement 11d soulève la bascule de détente 4.In an angular position of the inertial member 11, the release finger 11d protrudes outside the periphery of the circular plate 12. By rotating in the direction of clockwise, the radial face of the triangular finger meets the clearance element 4c which no longer needs to be elastic, so that the release finger 11d raises the trigger rocker 4.

L'organe inertiel 11 présente deux positions stables, chacune dépendante du sens de rotation du balancier. Les essais effectués montrent que l'organe inertiel 11 se déplace avant que le balancier ait complété chacune des deux alternances composant sa période d'oscillation, mais sa rotation autour de la cheville 10 commence aux alentours du point mort du balancier (angle 0 de sa position).The inertial member 11 has two stable positions, each dependent on the direction of rotation of the balance. The tests carried out show that the inertial member 11 moves before the balance has completed each of the two alternations making up its oscillation period, but its rotation around the ankle 10 begins around the neutral point of the balance (angle 0 of its position).

Au point mort, le balancier a la vitesse maximale et il passe donc d'une accélération positive à une accélération négative (il commence à décélérer) et c'est à ce moment-là que les effets inertiels commencent à se faire sentir.In neutral, the pendulum has the maximum speed and thus passes from a positive acceleration to a negative acceleration (it starts to decelerate) and that is when the inertial effects begin to be felt.

Lorsque l'organe inertiel 11 est déplacé dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre autour de l'axe de la cheville 10, le doigt de dégagement 11d est escamoté à l'intérieur du bord périphérique du plateau circulaire 12.When the inertial member 11 is moved clockwise about the axis of the pin 10, the release finger 11d is retracted inside the peripheral edge of the circular plate 12.

Par conséquent, le doigt de dégagement 11d ne coopère pas avec la bascule de détente 4 lorsqu'il passe vis-à-vis de l'élément de dégagement 4c. Contrairement à tous les échappements à transmission d'impulsion directe connus, le doigt de dégagement 11d n'a aucun élément à vaincre pour passer l'obstacle de l'élément 4c de la bascule de dégagement 4 lors de l'alternance du balancier où celui-ci ne reçoit pas d'impulsion d'entretien de son mouvement oscillant, puisque le doigt s'efface à l'intérieur de la périphérie circulaire du plateau 12. Il n'y a donc pas de perte d'énergie ni de perturbation de la période d'oscillation du balancier.Therefore, the release finger 11d does not cooperate with the trigger rocker 4 as it passes vis-à-vis the release member 4c. Unlike all the known forward impulse transmission exhausts, the clearance finger 11d has no element to overcome to pass the obstacle of the element 4c of the disengagement lever 4 during the alternation of the balance wheel or the it does not receive a maintenance pulse of its oscillating movement, since the finger disappears inside the circular periphery of the plate 12. There is therefore no energy loss or disturbance of the oscillation period of the pendulum.

Lorsque le balancier 3 arrive à la fin de sa rotation dans le sens contraire de celui des aiguilles de la montre (figure 7), sa décélération provoque à nouveau un déplacement de l'organe inertiel 12 qui revient dans la position dans laquelle le doigt de dégagement 11d fait saillie hors de la périphérie circulaire du plateau 12.When the balance 3 reaches the end of its rotation in the opposite direction to that of the hands of the watch ( figure 7 ), its deceleration again causes a displacement of the inertial member 12 which returns to the position in which the release finger 11d protrudes out of the circular periphery of the plate 12.

Le déplacement angulaire de l'organe inertiel 11 entre ses deux positions limites n'est que de quelques degrés, typiquement de l'ordre de 5° à 10°, ces deux positions limites se situant symétriquement de part et d'autre de l'axe de pivotement du balancier. Cet organe inertiel 11 peut être réalisé dans un matériau de faible masse spécifique, l'effet inertiel étant toujours suffisant pour garantir la fonction. La liberté de choix de la forme géométrique extérieure permet de réaliser un élément inertiel de forme symétrique, ce qui garanti un balourd ajouté faible. L'expérience montre qu'avec un matériau peu dense comme le silicium l'influence sur l'équilibre du balancier est négligeable.The angular displacement of the inertial member 11 between its two limit positions is only a few degrees, typically of the order of 5 ° to 10 °, these two limit positions being located symmetrically on either side of the axis of pivoting of the balance. This inertial member 11 may be made of a material of low specific mass, the inertial effect being always sufficient to guarantee the function. The freedom of choice of the outer geometrical shape makes it possible to produce an inertial element of symmetrical shape, which guarantees a weak added imbalance. Experience shows that with a sparse material such as silicon, the influence on the equilibrium of the balance is negligible.

Claims (4)

  1. Direct-impulse escapement, especially of detent type, for a horological movement, comprising a balance wheel (3) attached to an impulse element (2), an escape wheel (1) whose teeth intersect the path of the impulse element (2), a detent rocker (4) having an arresting element (4a) and a clearance element (4c), means for inserting the arresting element into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel (1), a clearance pin (7, 11d) rotating integrally with the balance wheel (3), and means for engaging said clearance pin (7, 11d) with the clearance element (4c) of the rocker (4) once per period of oscillation of the rocker to clear the arresting element (4a) from the escape wheel tooth; in which said means for inserting the arresting element (4a) into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel (1) comprise a sliding surface (4b) integral with the detent rocker (4) and arranged so as to move into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel (1) when the arresting element (4a) leaves it, this sliding surface being shaped so that the force applied to it by a tooth of the escape wheel (1) causes the arresting element (4a) of the detent rocker (4) to move back into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel (1); which escapement is characterized in that the arresting element (4a) of the detent rocker comprises a safety surface (4e) situated outside of the path of the teeth of the escape wheel (1) and adjacent to this path when the detent rocker (4) is in the unlocking position, in order to prevent the arresting element (4) from moving into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel (1) while the latter is communicating a movement impulse to the balance wheel (3).
  2. Escapement according to Claim 1, in which the length of the safety surface (4e) corresponds to the angle travelled by the escape wheel (1) to communicate the movement impulse to the balance wheel (3), in order to prevent the premature return of the arresting element (4a) into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel (1).
  3. Escapement according to one of the preceding claims, in which said clearance element (4c) is pressed elastically against a stop (4d), so that it behaves like a rigid element when said clearance pin (7) meets it while rotating in one direction and moves away elastically when the disengagement pin (7) meets it while rotating in the other direction.
  4. Escapement according to one of Claims 1 and 2, in which said clearance pin (11d) is integral with an inertial member (11) mounted freely between two extreme positions, in one of which the path of the clearance pin (11d) passes by said clearance element (4c) of the rocker (4), and in the other of which this path does not pass by this clearance element (4c), the passage of the inertial member (11) from one position to the other resulting from the inertial force acting on the inertial member due to the variations of speed of the balance wheel during each half-cycle of oscillation of the balance wheel.
EP10405034A 2009-02-26 2010-02-24 Detent escapement for timepiece movement Active EP2224292B1 (en)

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US11397408B2 (en) 2018-05-25 2022-07-26 Société Anonyme de la Manufacture d'Horlogerie Audemars Piguet & Cie Automatically starting and secured detent escapement for a timepiece

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JP5366319B2 (en) * 2009-09-14 2013-12-11 セイコーインスツル株式会社 Detent escapement and mechanical watch having the same
JP5366318B2 (en) * 2009-09-14 2013-12-11 セイコーインスツル株式会社 Detent escapement and method of manufacturing detent escapement operating lever
JP5441168B2 (en) * 2010-03-10 2014-03-12 セイコーインスツル株式会社 Detent escapement and mechanical watch
CH702928B1 (en) * 2010-04-01 2015-07-15 Rolex Sa Device for locking gear.
JP5729666B2 (en) * 2010-09-14 2015-06-03 セイコーインスツル株式会社 Watch detent escapement and mechanical watch
EP2450755B1 (en) 2010-11-04 2015-01-21 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Synchronous escapement for clockwork
EP2450757B1 (en) 2010-11-04 2014-10-15 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Anti-tripping device for escapement mechanism
EP2450756B1 (en) 2010-11-04 2015-01-07 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Anti-tripping device for escapement mechanism
JP5485859B2 (en) * 2010-11-17 2014-05-07 セイコーインスツル株式会社 Uncle escapement and mechanical watch with the same
TWI562560B (en) 2011-05-09 2016-12-11 Sony Corp Encoder and encoding method providing incremental redundancy
EP2565730B1 (en) * 2011-08-29 2017-11-01 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Clock escapement holder
WO2013144237A1 (en) * 2012-03-29 2013-10-03 Nivarox-Far S.A. Flexible lever-free escapement mechanism
EP2947522B1 (en) * 2014-05-20 2017-05-03 Société anonyme de la Manufacture d'Horlogerie Audemars Piguet & Cie Timepiece pallet for mechanical oscillator and timer-controlled timepiece trigger mechanism
US10528005B2 (en) * 2014-12-09 2020-01-07 Lvmh Swiss Manufactures Sa Mechanism for a timepiece and timepiece having such a mechanism
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US11397408B2 (en) 2018-05-25 2022-07-26 Société Anonyme de la Manufacture d'Horlogerie Audemars Piguet & Cie Automatically starting and secured detent escapement for a timepiece

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US20100214881A1 (en) 2010-08-26
CN101819403A (en) 2010-09-01
EP2224292A2 (en) 2010-09-01
US8087819B2 (en) 2012-01-03
CN101819403B (en) 2012-02-29
JP2010197393A (en) 2010-09-09
JP5596370B2 (en) 2014-09-24
EP2224292A3 (en) 2011-09-21

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