EP2222820A1 - Procédé de production d'un produit de lignite - Google Patents

Procédé de production d'un produit de lignite

Info

Publication number
EP2222820A1
EP2222820A1 EP08865806A EP08865806A EP2222820A1 EP 2222820 A1 EP2222820 A1 EP 2222820A1 EP 08865806 A EP08865806 A EP 08865806A EP 08865806 A EP08865806 A EP 08865806A EP 2222820 A1 EP2222820 A1 EP 2222820A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lignite
slurry
drying
product
mobile device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08865806A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Garry Lachlan Mauger
Richard Matthew Polmear
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Australia Power Partners BV
National Power Australia Investments Ltd
Hazelwood Investment Co Pty Ltd
Hazelwood Pacific Pty Ltd
CISL Hazelwood Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
Australia Power Partners BV
National Power Australia Investments Ltd
Hazelwood Investment Co Pty Ltd
Hazelwood Pacific Pty Ltd
CISL Hazelwood Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2007907048A external-priority patent/AU2007907048A0/en
Application filed by Australia Power Partners BV, National Power Australia Investments Ltd, Hazelwood Investment Co Pty Ltd, Hazelwood Pacific Pty Ltd, CISL Hazelwood Pty Ltd filed Critical Australia Power Partners BV
Publication of EP2222820A1 publication Critical patent/EP2222820A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/04—Raw material of mineral origin to be used; Pretreatment thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/326—Coal-water suspensions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/26—Methods of surface mining; Layouts therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a novel method of producing a value-added lignite product.
  • the present invention relates to a process that provides a comparatively low moisture content product that has improved handling and utilisation compared with unprocessed lignite.
  • Coal is a fossil fuel formed in swamp environments from the remains of organic matter such as plants that have been preserved (at least in part) by immersion in water and mud. Coal is a non-renewable energy source because it takes millions of years to create. Coal is classified into four main types, or ranks (lignite, sub bituminous, bituminous, anthracite), depending on the amounts and types of carbon it contains and on the amount of heat energy it can produce. The rank of a deposit of coal depends on the pressure and heat acting on the organic matter as it sank deeper and deeper in the earth over millions of years. For the most part, the higher ranks of coal contain more heat-producing energy.
  • Coal is primarily used as a solid fuel to produce electricity and heat through combustion.
  • Bituminous coal contains 45 to 86 wt% carbon, and has two to three times the heating value of the lowest rank of coal, which is known as lignite or 'brown coal'. Bituminous coal was formed under high heat and pressure and is typically between 100 and 300 million years old. Bituminous coal is used to generate electricity and is an important fuel and raw material for the steel and iron industries
  • Anthracite contains 86 to 97 wt% carbon, and has a heating value slightly lower than bituminous coal.
  • Sub bituminous coal typically contains 35 to 45 wt% carbon. Most sub bituminous coal is at least 100 million years old.
  • Lignite is the lowest rank of coal with the lowest energy content and used almost exclusively as fuel for steam-electric power generation. It contains 25 to 35 wt% carbon. Lignite deposits tend to be relatively young (around 15 and up to 50 million years old) and have not been subjected to extreme heat or pressure. Lignite is 'crumbly' and has a high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as 70 wt%, bulk density as low as 1.07 gem ' 3 . In many instances lignite has a very high ash content compared with bituminous coal, however Latrobe Valley lignite (deposits in the Gippsland region of Victoria, Australia) has comparatively low ash content. It is also a heterogeneous mixture of compounds of various structural formulae.
  • lignite Large reserves of lignite are located in Germany, Russia, the USA, Australia, China, and Eastern Europe. Because of its low energy density and therefore energy potential, lignite is inefficient to transport and is not traded extensively on the world market compared with higher coal grades. It is often burned in power stations constructed very close to open cut brown coal mines, such as the power stations located in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria and Monticello, Texas.
  • Lignite coal is often made into 'briquettes'.
  • Briquette manufacture typically involves drying lignite to about 12 to 18 wt% moisture, optionally adding binders, then ram- extruding the dried mixture. Briquettes are useful because they render the lignite easier to transport and handle and are primarily used in household and industry.
  • Australian patent application 36096/95 relates to a batch process for manufacturing a low water content lignite product, the process comprising pressing granular lignite on a flat bed, steam heating the pressed coal, then imposing further pressurisation to expel water.
  • the product is apparently a dry granular or powdery mass, which would then be expected, due to its dry nature and high fines content, to require special safe handling and safe storage facilities to prevent spontaneous combustion or explosion, or rehydration of the product.
  • the lignite processing would appear to be carried out separately from the winning, transportation, handling and storage of the coal.
  • Australian patent application 37292/89 relates to a process for improving the quality of lignite.
  • the process steps include combining it with additives, shearing and attrition, followed by extrusion and drying to create densified coal pellets.
  • the characteristics of the pelletised product depend upon the additives used during the shearing and attrition steps, however the pellets would need to be sufficiently robust to be stored outdoors and subjected to the weather, to avoid high cost storage and handling equipment.
  • the nature of the process requires separate coal winning and transportation to the process plant which may well be away from the coal winning surface.
  • Australian patent application 63621/86 relates to a process for dewatering lignite to produce a low water content product.
  • the process comprises steam dewatering using a plurality of autoclaves in sequence, in a batch process. This necessarily requires the use of a steam raising plant. Again the question of handling, storage and transport arises.
  • Australian patent application 68491/74 relates to a process for upgrading lignite. The process steps include grinding the low ranking fuel to a fineness that will pass through a 300 BSS mesh (48 ⁇ m), sufficient to destroy the cellular structure of the coal, forming a slurry, and then drying the slurry.
  • International patent application WO/2007/066191 relates to a method of improving the physical properties of solid fuels such as lignite.
  • the process principally consists of introducing lignite to a hot oil bath to change the handling and storage characteristics of the lignite.
  • International patent application WO/1987/005891 relates to a similar process comprising placing crushed coal in hot oil to dry the coal and change its handling and storage characteristics.
  • the device comprises a crushing element and mills with grinding bodies including a low wear grinding device suitable for lignite, mixers, extruders and a pressing worm provided with the crushing elements.
  • International patent application WO/2005/003255 relates to a method for upgrading low rank coal stocks using acidic aqueous waste mixed with coal to remove high ash material. Removal of ash is useful in raising the value of the fuel, but acid treatment of lignite coal typically creates a light, fluffy coal product that is unlikely to create a product having desirable hard, dust free and good weathering characteristics.
  • International patent application WO/2001/054819 is a further process for upgrading low rank coal by formation of a plastic mass under the shear action of Tollable surfaces. In order to achieve the desired degree of cell or pore destruction, multiple crushing passes may be required.
  • International patent application WO/ 1996/010064 relates to a method for reducing the water content of lignite by the application of heat and pressure to granular brown coal spread out in a bed.
  • International patent application WO/ 1992/014801 relates to a process for drying hydrous solid fuels, in particular lignite using a drying container linked into the steam circuit of a steam generating plant.
  • the pilot plant was located remotely from the mine so lignite was transported from the mine to the plant using trucks. Inside the plant the lignite was passed through a grinding mill for reduction to small particles, and added to water in a slurry mixer. The resulting slurry was then pumped into specialised concrete lined above-ground ponds where it was left to dry under the sun. Once the material in the pondage had dried sufficiently it would be harvested and broken into storable lumps of hard lignite similar in characteristics to briquettes. The pilot plant produced approximately 2000 tonnes per annum of product.
  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a lignite product comprising the use of a mobile device to dig lignite from a seam, grind the lignite and form a slurry for transportation to a locus for drying, such as the slot from which the lignite was dug.
  • Control of the particle size during digging and grinding together with careful choice of any useful additives concomitantly provides control of the characteristics of the slurry and the product.
  • the mobile device consists of a single unit, or alternatively two or more mobile units that are integrated or contiguous.
  • the present invention provides a method for producing a lignite product, the method comprising the steps of,
  • steps (a) to (c) are carried out by a mobile device.
  • the ground lignite is acid washed between steps (b) and (c) to reduce ash and/or other contaminants in the product.
  • the slurried lignite is alkali treated during step (c) to modify the characteristics of the slurry and the resulting product.
  • the present invention further provides a mobile device suitable for carrying out the method of the present invention.
  • the mobile device consists of a single unit. In another preferred embodiment the mobile device consists of two or more mobile units that are integrated or contiguous. Each unit may comprise wheels, tracks, skis or the like for traversing a surface such as the surface of a mine bench.
  • the mobile device, or one or more of the units comprising the mobile device may be capable of locomotion.
  • One or more of the units comprising the mobile device may be capable of being pulled along by a vehicle or machine capable of self locomotion.
  • hose reels included with the mobile device to supply sufficient volumes of water to form the slurry.
  • Suitable commercial hoses will be readily available and known to those skilled in the art.
  • the present invention further provides a method for producing a lignite product, the method comprising the steps of,
  • steps (a) to (d) are carried out by a mobile device
  • step (c) wherein the average size of the lignite particles in step (c) is proportionally related to the distance the slurry is transported in step (d) by the mobile device.
  • the slot dug out of the lignite seam is typically 10 to 40 cms in depth and of any convenient length and width.
  • the sun drives the moisture out of the slurry so that the slot contains a long, continuous length of hard lignite product.
  • the hard lignite product typically undergoes a cracking process due to shrinkage as it dries, causing the product to break up into pieces that can be readily collected.
  • the product can be broken up by manual or automated means.
  • the mobile device is capable of carrying out the digging, grinding, forming a slurry and casting. It may also be used for reclaiming the cast, hard lignite product or pieces of product once it is dry.
  • the mobile device has a cutter head with integrated grinding ability. In a further embodiment it may have a harvesting head.
  • Step (b) of the process of the present invention may include one or more grinding steps either integral to the digging step (a) or contiguous to it, or both.
  • the digging device may arrange its cutter head and cutter box to achieve a grinding step within the cutterbox or it may pass the dug material to a single grinding device, or alternatively, multiple different grinding devices.
  • the lignite particles may be ground any suitable milling or grinding apparatus known to those skilled in the technology such as hammer mill, attrition mills, stirred ball mill, powder grinders, Dispax mill, roller mill or fine grinders.
  • suitable milling or grinding apparatus known to those skilled in the technology such as hammer mill, attrition mills, stirred ball mill, powder grinders, Dispax mill, roller mill or fine grinders.
  • the optimal particle size and size range will depend on the particle sizes appropriate to the input requirements of subsequent stages of the process and the final product characteristics. Screening
  • Step (b) may optionally include screening the lignite.
  • the screens may be rotary screens, flat screens or inclined screens although other suitable types of screens will be readily apparent to the person skilled in the art.
  • Material screened off may be redirected to other processes.
  • flake material is typically of 20-50 mm in size and is readily screened off and sold as a stand alone product to customers who can use it in their processes.
  • multiple screens are used to screen off multiple stand alone products that can be used in other processes, including other drying processes.
  • the larger materials are redirected in front of the present invention and are re-dug and passed through steps a and b
  • Step (c) of the process of the present invention may include multiple grinding steps. For example, water may be added to the lignite and the mixture ground once, before more water is added and further grinding carried out. This may be repeated as many times as necessary until the particle size is reduced to the desired specification. Typically a two stage fine wet grind is optimal. A single grinding device, or alternatively, multiple different grinding devices may be utilised.
  • the lignite particles may be ground by any suitable milling or grinding apparatus known to those skilled in the technology such as attrition mills, stirred ball mills, powder grinders, Dispax mill or fine grinders.
  • the optimal particle size and size range will depend on the distance the slurry is to be transported to reach the locus at which it is to be dried, the manner in which it is transported (e.g. auguring or pumping), and also the desired characteristics of the dry end-product.
  • the slurry comprises 15 to 40 wt% lignite, more preferably 20 to 30 wt% lignite, and 60 to 85 wt% water.
  • the slurry consistency will depend upon the amount of water added and any admixture.
  • additives or admixtures may include, for example, calcium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, coal ash, ash water or other alkaline material.
  • Alkaline material is typically added to achieve better grinding performance including lower power consumption, a suitable slurry consistency and desirable final product characteristics.
  • the pH of the slurry is between 5.0 and 8.5 and alkaline material such as Ca(OH) 2 or other hydroxides may be added to achieve the desired pH.
  • alkaline material such as Ca(OH) 2 or other hydroxides may be added to achieve the desired pH.
  • Control of the slurry pH enables optimisation of the slurry milling, slurry rheology and lignite product. It has been found that at pH values below 5 the coal colloid spontaneously flocculates and the resultant lignite product tends to be soft, and of low density and high porosity.
  • Lignite is essentially composed of a bimodal mixture of partially degraded plant matter; the larger particles (xylitic fragments, spores, waxes, resins and possibly rod like cell remains) are held together by a "humic acid" glue.
  • humic acid glue
  • humic acids contain many oxygen functional groups and in raw coal function as a binder in a similar fashion to that of a colloid which is flocculated by polyelectrolyte polymers. Accordingly, alkali digestion of porous raw coal significantly disrupts the structure and many of the pores and cavities which have developed during the coalification process are either destroyed or filled with small particles and humic acid macromolecules.
  • additives may be mixed with the particulate lignite or slurry to assist grinding, initiate digestion and aid slurry formation or pumping. Slurry stability and consistency may be enhanced by the addition of vegetable gums or starches.
  • the slurry is typically transported using an auger or a slurry pump, such as a centrifugal slurry pump, or positive displacement pump. While the particle size of the lignite is less than 10 mm, in many cases the particle sizes in the slurry will range across the entire 10mm. The particle size range is one factor that affects the pumpability of the slurry.
  • the average size of the lignite particles in step (c) is proportionally related to the distance the slurry is transported in step (d).
  • the slurry may require continuous agitation to achieve a flowable product for pumping. If the slurry is to be cast into a slot in the lignite created during digging, further agitation and possibly screeding may be required to create a uniform product.
  • the drying may be carried out by any convenient means such as spray drying, cyclone drying technologies, fluidised bed, application of waste heat or heat from other low grade heat sources including geothermal or hydrothermal sources, roller drying or solar energy.
  • suitable cyclone drying technology includes the Windhexe® device from Vortex Drying Technology in the USA or a cyclone destruction machine available from Australian company DevourX Pty. Ltd which claims 100t/hr performance.
  • the method of the present invention utilises solar power, and locus for drying is a slot in the lignite seam created when the lignite being processed was dug from the seam.
  • locus for drying is a slot in the lignite seam created when the lignite being processed was dug from the seam.
  • the drying rate is equal to that of free water. As more water is evaporated the drying rate decreases as moisture is progressively removed from the macropores, capillaries and micropores.
  • the lignite product of the method has a moisture content of less than 40 wt% (as compared with 60 to 70 wt% moisture in lignite in situ.)
  • the lignite product produced by the method of the present invention has a moisture content of 15 to 35 wt% water.
  • the lignite product typically has a Hardgrove Index values from 30 to 70, preferably between 40 and 60, more preferably 45.
  • the Hardgrove Index gives an indication of the grindability of a material, the lower the index the harder and more difficult the material is to grind. (For comparison, the typical Hardgrove Index values for briquettes vary from 40 to 70 and for brown coal vary from 70 to 190.)
  • the lignite product also has a needle hardness greater than the typical values for brown coal.
  • the needle hardness for the lignite product is from 7.0 to 15.0 kg/mm 2 and the specific gravity is from 0.900 to 1.3 g/cc.
  • the needle hardness results are considerably lower than those of briquettes (25-50 kg/mm2).
  • the product naturally forms into hard dense lumpy lignite product by cracking formation during the drying process.
  • the product lumps resist weathering and therefore assist in reducing nuisance dust and fire risk on the mine levels.
  • the product may be harvested directly from the casting pit on the mine levels, and may be placed in windrows for further air drying, or used directly in the power generation facility or taken off for use in other process plants. Harvesting can be carried out by the machine of the present invention or by auxiliary plant. Since the product has had much of the moisture removed from the lignite, an energy dense product (MJ/kg) is the available for transport from the mine in place of low energy density lignite.
  • the lignite seam for this processing would typically be located on a mine bench or mine floor. As previously mentioned, lignite mines are typically located adjacent electric power generation facilities. Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment the product of the method of the present invention would typically be fed directly to the fuel system of the combustion chamber of the power generation facility or it may be transported to act as a feedstock for other processing plants. Coal in a clean dry state can be turned into a range of other products.
  • the method of the present invention has a number of significant advantages as compared with the prior art.
  • the method of the present invention eliminates the need for large size, specially prepared drying ponds as used by the prior art.
  • the present invention avoids the need for a specialised fixed processing plant, steam or heat raising plant and virtually eliminates cartage and handling to the processing plant.
  • it creates an energy dense product for storage or transport directly from the mine, and as the product lumps resist weathering and cover the coal surface on a level, they are expected to assist in reducing nuisance dust and fire risk on the mine levels.
  • Figure 1 is a drawing of a typical process of the prior art.
  • Figure 2 is a drawing of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart setting out the typical stages in a process of the prior art for making a dry lignite product. The steps can be summarised as follows:
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart setting out the typical stages in one embodiment of a process according to the present invention for making a dry lignite product. The steps can be summarised as follows:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de production d'un produit de lignite comprenant les étapes consistant à : (a) extraire du lignite d'une veine de lignite, (b) broyer le lignite, (c) former une boue comprenant le lignite, (d) transporter la boue vers un emplacement de séchage, et (e) sécher la boue afin de former un produit de lignite, les étapes (a) à (c) étant effectuées en utilisant un dispositif mobile.
EP08865806A 2007-12-21 2008-12-17 Procédé de production d'un produit de lignite Withdrawn EP2222820A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2007907048A AU2007907048A0 (en) 2007-12-21 Method for producing a lignite product
US5238708P 2008-05-12 2008-05-12
PCT/AU2008/001851 WO2009079686A1 (fr) 2007-12-21 2008-12-17 Procédé de production d'un produit de lignite

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2222820A1 true EP2222820A1 (fr) 2010-09-01

Family

ID=40800559

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08865806A Withdrawn EP2222820A1 (fr) 2007-12-21 2008-12-17 Procédé de production d'un produit de lignite

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20100264720A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2222820A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2008341004B2 (fr)
RU (1) RU2010130309A (fr)
WO (1) WO2009079686A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102816620B (zh) * 2011-06-10 2014-05-07 烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司 褐煤干燥方法
CN108759313B (zh) * 2018-06-14 2019-10-29 中国矿业大学 一种褐煤干燥-干法分选协同优化提质方法及工艺

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3537086A (en) * 1967-07-17 1970-10-27 Intercontinental Dynamics Corp Altimeter having differential synchro connecting means
JPS562394A (en) * 1979-06-21 1981-01-12 Kawasaki Steel Corp Treatment of brown coal
US4249317A (en) * 1979-11-05 1981-02-10 Murdock James D Solar drying apparatus and process for drying materials therewith
JPS60135488A (ja) * 1983-12-23 1985-07-18 Mitsui Sekitan Ekika Kk 低石炭化度炭の熱改質法
DE3537086A1 (de) * 1985-10-18 1987-04-30 Schultz Hans Georg Prof Dr Ing Unter-wasser-braunkohlegewinnungsverfahren

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2009079686A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2008341004A1 (en) 2009-07-02
RU2010130309A (ru) 2012-01-27
WO2009079686A8 (fr) 2010-07-22
WO2009079686A1 (fr) 2009-07-02
AU2008341004B2 (en) 2012-11-15
US20100264720A1 (en) 2010-10-21

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