EP2221551B1 - Water heater - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- EP2221551B1 EP2221551B1 EP10151647.4A EP10151647A EP2221551B1 EP 2221551 B1 EP2221551 B1 EP 2221551B1 EP 10151647 A EP10151647 A EP 10151647A EP 2221551 B1 EP2221551 B1 EP 2221551B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- warm
- heat generator
- partial
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
- F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
- F24H1/121—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium using electric energy supply
- F24H1/122—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium using electric energy supply combined with storage tank
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating a Wasserer Hopkinsrs for heating water according to the flow principle according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Generic water heaters are often used for domestic hot water preparation at the moment of use (tap) and thus differ from water heaters according to the storage principle, but they are not limited to the medium of drinking water. They have a connection to a cold water inlet line, through which the fresh, cold drinking water from a mostly public drinking water supply network occurs, as well as a connection to a hot water outlet pipe, through which the warm drinking water is passed to the one or more taps for use. Between cold water inlet and hot water outlet is the heat generator. The water is heated according to the flow principle, which means that a defined, comparatively small volume of water flows through the heat generator, where it is heated and then supplied for use.
- a control device is used for the function control and / or measured value monitoring of heat generator, actuators, temperature sensors and any other sensors.
- it is the task of the control device to regulate the temperature of the warm drinking water emerging from the water heater to a desired water temperature that can be predetermined by the user.
- the energy for heat generation may come from the combustion of a fuel or may be electrical in nature.
- the heat generator is switched on and off and usually has a minimum, non-zero, and a maximum heat output.
- the heating power can be infinitely modulated in the range between its minimum and maximum values, so that the water heater regulates different sized water volume flows regulated to a desired constant desired hot water outlet temperature.
- To monitor the hot water outlet temperature water temperature at the connection to the hot water outlet pipe
- the control unit adapts the heating power to the current water flow to be heated.
- the required instantaneous heat output of the heat generator depends on the size of the water volume flow to be heated and on the water temperature in the cold water inlet line. If the water volume flow is very large and / or the cold water inlet temperature is very low, then the maximum heating power may not be sufficient to heat the water to the setpoint temperature (target hot water outlet temperature). The escaping hot water is then too cold. This affects the comfort of the user and can be avoided by installing a water heater with sufficient heating power.
- the water volume flow is too small and / or the cold water inlet temperature too high, even the minimum heating power may still be too high to heat the water only to the set temperature.
- the leaking hot water would then be too hot, but this is detected immediately on the basis of the temperature reading at the hot water outlet and prevented by switching off the heat generator.
- Some types of equipment will start operating at such an operating point while attempting to maintain the setpoint temperature, cycling the heat generator on and off. If the hot water outlet temperature is greater than the setpoint temperature, the heat generator, which already operates at the lower modulation limit, switches off; however, the cold water continues to flow in and through the water heater to the outlet. If the outlet temperature is soon again lower than the setpoint temperature, the heat generator switches on again.
- the heat generator is based on a combustion system, a corresponding burner that converts a fuel-air mixture must switch on and off in a cyclic manner. Depending on the water content and the thermal inertia of the water heater, these cycles can last only a few seconds. The combustion can then not stabilize, the fuel-air mixture can partially escape unburned from the water heater, the exhaust emissions have a high pollutant content. Furthermore, the cyclic heat generator operation causes highly fluctuating Temperatures in the components involved, which are then heavily burdened by thermally induced mechanical stresses and aging rapidly.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method for operating a water heater, which overcome the disadvantages mentioned in the prior art, which allows in particular the maintenance of a predetermined by the user target hot water outlet temperature below the lower Schuster,modulationsgrenze (the minimum heat output) of the heat generator without sacrificing full hot water comfort and without the risk of scalding, avoiding rapid cycling of the heat generator and the associated risks to the components involved.
- a water heater for heating water according to the flow principle with a connection to a cold water inlet line, a connection to a hot water outlet line and a switchable on and off heat generator with a non-zero minimum and maximum heat output, characterized in that between the heat generator and hot water outlet pipe storage
- a mixing device is arranged, which comprises a splitting device, a buffer device, a bypass device and a mixing device.
- the splitting device serves to divide the total water flow emerging from the heat generator into two partial water flows which continue to flow in parallel.
- the buffer device serves to temporarily store a partial water flow, while at least one partial water flow can be conducted past the buffer device via the bypass device.
- the mixing device brings the partial water flows back together and mixes them.
- the buffer device is a deadtime element, with the aid of which the partial water flow cached through it can be mixed with the other partial water flow with a delay. The dead time results essentially from the volume flow size of the partial water flow and the buffer tank volume.
- the splitting device and / or mixing device may be, for example, motor-operated or solenoid-actuated actuators or simple passive piping elements, such as mixing valves, change-over valves or tees. Their task is the generation of volume equal or volume identical partial water streams and their merging and mixing.
- the actuators may have discrete switch positions or be infinitely adjustable between their end positions.
- the buffer device has at least one buffer container with connections to a container inlet line and a container outlet line, wherein the buffer container has at least one temperature sensor in the vicinity of the connection to the container outlet line for measuring a temperature of the cached water.
- a temperature sensor can also be arranged on the container outlet line.
- the container inlet line is connected to the partitioning device, the container outlet line is connected to the mixing device.
- the buffer container comprises means for layered storage and / or for the separation of different tempered water, in particular membranes. This prevents the mixing of hot and cold storage water.
- the water heater includes a control device.
- One of its objects is the regulation of the function of heat generators and / or actuators, that is to say the switching on and off of the heat generator, the modulating of the heat generator heating power and the adjustment of the actuators.
- a second task is the monitoring of the measured values of temperature sensors and / or further measuring sensors, in particular the hot water outlet temperature, on the basis of which the heat generator heating power is regulated.
- Another object of the control device is registration of target values, in particular the desired hot water outlet temperatures, which are specified by the user of the water heater or device internally.
- the heat generator is discretely adjustable in its heating power or advantageously infinitely variable.
- the storage mixing device comprises one or more of the following sensors for measuring the volume flow of the total water flow and / or at least a partial water flow (flow meter), and / or for measuring the temperatures of the water entering the water heater and / or the water leaving the heat generator and / or the water leaving the buffer tank and / or the water leaving the water heater (temperature sensor).
- the at least one actuator of the splitting device and / or the mixing device takes a position for the complete passage of the total water flow through the bypass device depending on the temperatures of the water exiting from the heat generator and / or exiting the buffer tank water and / or exiting the water heater or for the complete passage of the total water flow through the buffer device or any intermediate position for dividing the total water flow into partial water flows of any proportions.
- the at least one actuator preferably occupies the position for complete passage of the total water flow through the bypass device or the position for dividing the total water flow to the same volume partial water flows.
- the actuator In a position for passing the total water flow through the bypass device, the actuator has a small forced leakage through the buffer device, so that the cached in the buffer device water is renewed continuously and thus remains at a desired hot water outlet temperature.
- the method according to the invention for operating a water heater for water heating according to the flow principle as described above is characterized in that a total water flow flowing through the water heater between the heat generator and the hot water outlet pipe can be divided into partial water streams which flow through a buffer device and a bypass device in parallel and can then be brought together again. This allows the hot water outlet temperature regardless of the water temperature immediately downstream of the heat generator influence and change.
- a suitable embodiment of the method is characterized in that for changing a hot water outlet temperature compared to a directly downstream of the heat generator measured water temperature or to change an effective (ie via the hot water outlet line to the outside delivered to the user) heating power of the water heater compared to a current heat output of the (clocking)
- Heat generator arranged between the heat generator and hot water outlet pipe storage mixing device by means of a splitting the leaking from the heat generator total water flow into two partial water flows, temporarily buffered by means of a buffer means a partial water flow and delayed releases, by means of a bypass device a partial water flow past the buffer device and by means of a mixing device merges the partial water flows again and feeds into the hot water outlet line.
- the water heater switches in response to a desired heat output of the water heater and / or from a current heat output of the heat generator and / or a measured in the water heater water flow and / or from a water temperature measured in the water heater between two modes of operation.
- the desired heating power is an internal regulation set point value, which - unlike the desired hot water outlet temperature - is not specified by the user and as such also does not appear to the outside in appearance. It results from the size of the water volume flow to be heated, its (cold) inlet temperature and the water temperature required for generating the desired hot water outlet temperature immediately downstream of the heat generator.
- the desired heat output may be in the range between minimum and maximum heat output of the heat generator, but it may also be below (and above).
- the water heater switches to a first operating mode and the total water flow flows completely through the bypass device (or completely through the buffer device if it is to be charged) when the desired heating power of the water heater is between the minimum and maximum heat output of the heat generator or if the water temperature immediately downstream of the heat generator is equal to the desired water temperature at the connection to the hot water outlet pipe. Then the heat source heats in continuous operation as long as hot water is tapped.
- This mode of operation corresponds to the operation of conventional water heaters of the prior art.
- the water heater switches to a second mode of operation and the total water flow flows in equal or volume equal partial water flows split in parallel through the bypass and through (or in) the buffer device, if the desired heat output of the water heater is less than the minimum heat output of the heat generator, but different from zero or if the water temperature is immediately downstream of the heat source operated with minimum heating power is greater than the desired hot water outlet temperature. Then, the heat generator heats in clocking mode (the heat generator alternately turns on and off), alternately flowing cold and hot water from the heat generator and splitting it between the buffering device and the bypassing device.
- the cycle time of the heat generator is controlled so that, by utilizing the dead time effect of the buffer device with delayed release of the corresponding partial water volume flow to the mixing device, two partial water streams mix to form a total water flow of desired hot water outlet temperature.
- the cycle time in the second operating mode can be several minutes depending on the size of the tapped water volume flow and the buffer tank volume and the height of the cold water inlet temperature and the water temperature immediately downstream of the heat generator and thus differs significantly from the cycle time of a conventional water heater, which in this operating point in a very fast clocking operation with the disadvantages mentioned in the introduction.
- Another suitable method wherein the water heater comprises a regulator, is characterized in that the total water flow is split by a regulator connected in the splitting device and / or the mixing device to partial water flows and that the resulting hot water outlet temperature of the recombined at the mixing device partial water flows is equal to the target hot water outlet temperature.
- the hot water outlet temperature is controlled in the second mode by a coordinated vote and adjustment of heating power and position of the actuators to target hot water outlet temperature by the water temperature immediately downstream of the heat generator, taking into account the physical mixing behavior of fluid media to the water temperature in the buffer tank so is adjusted so that the resulting hot water outlet temperature of the mixing partial water flows is equal to the desired hot water outlet temperature.
- the heating power in the on state of the cyclically operated heat generator can be equal to or greater than the minimum heating power. Since the cold water inlet temperature is regularly lower than the target hot water outlet temperature, the water temperature immediately downstream of the heat generator must be higher than the target hot water outlet temperature.
- a method for operating a water heater which allows compliance with a predetermined by the user target hot water outlet temperature below the lower Schustersmodulationsgrenze the heat generator, without sacrificing the full hot water comfort and without the Risk of scalding, and avoid the rapid cycling of the heat generator and the associated risks for the components involved.
- Fig. 1 shows the basic structure of the water heater 1 with a connection to a cold water inlet line 2, a connection to a hot water outlet line 3, a heat generator 4 and a storage mixing device 5.
- the actuator 6 of the mixing device switches so that the total water flow with nominal Warm water outlet temperature flows completely through the bypass device 7.
- the actuator 6 of the mixing device switches so that the total water flow at the splitting device 8 divided into equal or equal volume partial water flows parallel through the bypass device 7 and flows through or into the buffer device 9.
- the partial water flows flow together again and mix to a hot water outlet temperature.
- the hot water outlet temperature is measured by the hot water outlet temperature sensor 10 and passed to the control unit 11.
- the controller 11 Based on the hot water outlet temperature and the buffer water temperature measured on the outlet side in the buffer tank 9 from the Pufferwassertemperaturtler 12, the controller 11 controls the operation of the heat generator 4 (off / on / modulation), the position of the actuator 6 and thus, finally, the maintenance of the target hot water outlet temperature.
- Fig. 2 shows one opposite to the representation in FIG. 1 further developed and supplemented structure of the water heater 1 with exemplary other sensors for predictive control of the heat generator 4, which can be used together or individually: a second temperature sensor 13 to the buffer device 9, a temperature sensor 14 immediately downstream of the heat generator, a flowmeter 15 for measuring the total water flow.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Domestic Hot-Water Supply Systems And Details Of Heating Systems (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Wassererwärmers zur Wassererwärmung nach dem Durchflussprinzip nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a method for operating a Wassererwärmers for heating water according to the flow principle according to the preamble of
Gattungsgemäße Wassererwärmer dienen oft der Trinkwarmwasserbereitung im Moment der Nutzung (Zapfung) und unterscheiden sich dadurch von Wassererwärmern nach dem Speicherprinzip, sie sind jedoch nicht auf das Medium Trinkwasser beschränkt. Sie haben einen Anschluss an eine Kaltwassereintrittsleitung, durch die das frische, kalte Trinkwasser aus einem zumeist öffentlichen Trinkwasserversorgungsnetz eintritt, sowie einen Anschluss an eine Warmwasseraustrittsleitung, über die das warme Trinkwasser an die eine oder mehreren Zapfstellen zur Nutzung weitergegeben wird. Zwischen Kaltwassereintritt und Warmwasseraustritt liegt der Wärmeerzeuger. Das Wasser wird nach dem Durchflussprinzip erwärmt, das bedeutet, dass ein definiertes, vergleichsweise kleines Wasservolumen durch den Wärmeerzeuger fließt, dabei erwärmt und dann der Nutzung zugeführt wird. Ein Regelungsgerät dient der Funktionsregelung und/oder Messwerteüberwachung von Wärmeerzeuger, Stellgliedern, Temperaturfühlern und eventuellen weiteren Messfühlern. Insbesondere ist es Aufgabe des Regelungsgeräts, die Temperatur des aus dem Wassererwärmer austretenden warmen Trinkwassers auf eine vom Nutzer vorgebbaren Soll-Wassertemperatur zu regeln.Generic water heaters are often used for domestic hot water preparation at the moment of use (tap) and thus differ from water heaters according to the storage principle, but they are not limited to the medium of drinking water. They have a connection to a cold water inlet line, through which the fresh, cold drinking water from a mostly public drinking water supply network occurs, as well as a connection to a hot water outlet pipe, through which the warm drinking water is passed to the one or more taps for use. Between cold water inlet and hot water outlet is the heat generator. The water is heated according to the flow principle, which means that a defined, comparatively small volume of water flows through the heat generator, where it is heated and then supplied for use. A control device is used for the function control and / or measured value monitoring of heat generator, actuators, temperature sensors and any other sensors. In particular, it is the task of the control device to regulate the temperature of the warm drinking water emerging from the water heater to a desired water temperature that can be predetermined by the user.
Die Energie für die Wärmeerzeugung kann beispielsweise aus der Verbrennung eines Brennstoffs stammen oder elektrischer Natur sein. Der Wärmeerzeuger ist ein- und ausschaltbar und hat in der Regel eine minimale, von Null verschiedene, und eine maximale Heizleistung. Die Heizleistung kann im Bereich zwischen ihrem minimalen und maximalen Wert stufenlos modulierbar sein, so dass der Wassererwärmer unterschiedlich große Wasservolumenströme geregelt auf eine gewünschte konstante Soll-Warmwasseraustrittstemperatur erwärmt. Zur Überwachung der Warmwasseraustrittstemperatur (Wassertemperatur am Anschluss an die Warmwasseraustrittsleitung) dient ein Temperaturfühler im Warmwasseraustritt des Wassererwärmers. Innerhalb des vom Wärmeerzeuger realisierbaren Heizleistungsmodulationsbereichs passt das Regelungsgerät die Heizleistung dem aktuell zu erwärmenden Wasserdurchfluss an.For example, the energy for heat generation may come from the combustion of a fuel or may be electrical in nature. The heat generator is switched on and off and usually has a minimum, non-zero, and a maximum heat output. The heating power can be infinitely modulated in the range between its minimum and maximum values, so that the water heater regulates different sized water volume flows regulated to a desired constant desired hot water outlet temperature. To monitor the hot water outlet temperature (water temperature at the connection to the hot water outlet pipe) is a temperature sensor in the hot water outlet of the water heater. Within the heating power modulation range that can be realized by the heat generator, the control unit adapts the heating power to the current water flow to be heated.
Die genaue Einhaltung der Soll-Warmwassertemperatur ist aus zwei Gründen wichtig. Einmal besteht bei Warmwasseranwendungen wie zum Beispiel Händewaschen oder Duschen grundsätzlich die Gefahr der Verbrühung des Nutzers mit möglichen schweren Hautverbrennungen. Andererseits besteht aus Komfortgründen die Notwendigkeit, dass die Temperaturschwankungen des genutzten Wassers möglichst gering ausfallen. Erfahrungen zeigen, dass Temperaturschwankungen von 1 °C gerade noch toleriert werden.Accurate compliance with the target hot water temperature is important for two reasons. On the one hand, in hot water applications such as hand washing or showering there is always the risk of scalding the user with possible severe skin burns. On the other hand, for reasons of comfort, there is a need for the temperature fluctuations of the water used to be as low as possible. Experience shows that temperature fluctuations of 1 ° C are barely tolerated.
Die erforderliche momentane Heizleistung des Wärmeerzeugers hängt ab von der Größe des zu erwärmenden Wasservolumenstroms sowie von der Wassertemperatur in der Kaltwassereintrittsleitung. Sind der Wasservolumenstrom sehr groß und/oder die Kaltwassereintrittstemperatur sehr niedrig, so kann die maximale Heizleistung möglicherweise nicht ausreichen, um das Wasser bis auf Soll-Temperatur (Soll-Warmwasseraustrittstemperatur) zu erwärmen. Das austretende Warmwasser ist dann zu kalt. Dies berührt den Komfortanspruch des Nutzers und lässt sich durch die Installation eines Wassererwärmers mit ausreichender Heizleistung vermeiden.The required instantaneous heat output of the heat generator depends on the size of the water volume flow to be heated and on the water temperature in the cold water inlet line. If the water volume flow is very large and / or the cold water inlet temperature is very low, then the maximum heating power may not be sufficient to heat the water to the setpoint temperature (target hot water outlet temperature). The escaping hot water is then too cold. This affects the comfort of the user and can be avoided by installing a water heater with sufficient heating power.
Sind der Wasservolumenstrom dagegen zu klein und/oder die Kaltwassereintrittstemperatur zu hoch, dann kann selbst die minimale Heizleistung möglicherweise noch zu groß sein, um das Wasser nur auf Soll-Temperatur zu erwärmen. Das austretende Warmwasser wäre dann zu heiß, was allerdings sofort anhand des Temperaturmesswerts am Warmwasseraustritt detektiert und durch Ausschalten des Wärmeerzeugers unterbunden wird. Manche Gerätetypen werden in einem solchen Betriebspunkt beim Versuch die Soll-Temperatur einzuhalten anfangen, den Wärmeerzeuger taktend ein- und auszuschalten. Ist die Warmwasseraustrittstemperatur größer als die Soll-Temperatur, so schaltet der bereits an der unteren Modulationsgrenze arbeitende Wärmeerzeuger aus; das kalte Wasser fließt jedoch weiter in und durch den Wassererwärmer zum Austritt. Ist die Austrittstemperatur dann bald wieder kleiner als die Soll-Temperatur, so schaltet der Wärmeerzeuger wieder ein. Dadurch ergeben sich stark schwankende Wassertemperaturen am Warmwasseraustritt, die sowohl unkomfortabel als auch gefährlich im Hinblick auf die Verbrühungsgefahr sein können. Basiert der Wärmeerzeuger auf einem Verbrennungssystem, so muss ein entsprechender, ein Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisch umsetzender Brenner taktend ein- und ausschalten. Diese Takte können je nach Wasserinhalt und thermischer Trägheit des Wassererwärmers eine Dauer von nur wenigen Sekunden haben. Die Verbrennung kann sich dann nicht stabilisieren, das Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisch kann teilweise unverbrannt aus dem Wassererwärmer austreten, die Abgasemissionen weisen einen hohen Schadstoffgehalt auf. Ferner verursacht der taktende Wärmeerzeugerbetrieb stark schwankende Temperaturen bei den beteiligten Bauteilen, die dann durch thermisch induzierte mechanische Spannungen stark belastet werden und schnell altern.If, on the other hand, the water volume flow is too small and / or the cold water inlet temperature too high, even the minimum heating power may still be too high to heat the water only to the set temperature. The leaking hot water would then be too hot, but this is detected immediately on the basis of the temperature reading at the hot water outlet and prevented by switching off the heat generator. Some types of equipment will start operating at such an operating point while attempting to maintain the setpoint temperature, cycling the heat generator on and off. If the hot water outlet temperature is greater than the setpoint temperature, the heat generator, which already operates at the lower modulation limit, switches off; however, the cold water continues to flow in and through the water heater to the outlet. If the outlet temperature is soon again lower than the setpoint temperature, the heat generator switches on again. This results in strongly fluctuating water temperatures at the hot water outlet, which can be both uncomfortable and dangerous in terms of scalding. If the heat generator is based on a combustion system, a corresponding burner that converts a fuel-air mixture must switch on and off in a cyclic manner. Depending on the water content and the thermal inertia of the water heater, these cycles can last only a few seconds. The combustion can then not stabilize, the fuel-air mixture can partially escape unburned from the water heater, the exhaust emissions have a high pollutant content. Furthermore, the cyclic heat generator operation causes highly fluctuating Temperatures in the components involved, which are then heavily burdened by thermally induced mechanical stresses and aging rapidly.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Wassererwärmers zu schaffen, das die genannten Nachteile im Stand der Technik überwinden, die insbesondere die Einhaltung einer vom Nutzer vorgegebenen Soll-Warmwasseraustrittstemperatur auch unterhalb der unteren Heizleistungsmodulationsgrenze (der minimalen Heizleistung) des Wärmeerzeugers ermöglicht, ohne auf den vollen Warmwasserkomfort zu verzichten und ohne die Gefahr einer Verbrühung einzugehen, und welches das schnelle Takten des Wärmeerzeugers und die damit einhergehenden Risiken für die beteiligten Bauteile vermeiden.The invention has for its object to provide a method for operating a water heater, which overcome the disadvantages mentioned in the prior art, which allows in particular the maintenance of a predetermined by the user target hot water outlet temperature below the lower Heizleistungsmodulationsgrenze (the minimum heat output) of the heat generator without sacrificing full hot water comfort and without the risk of scalding, avoiding rapid cycling of the heat generator and the associated risks to the components involved.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dies durch die Gegenstände mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen. Ein Wassererwärmer zur Wassererwärmung nach dem Durchflussprinzip, mit einem Anschluss an eine Kaltwassereintrittsleitung, einem Anschluss an eine Warmwasseraustrittsleitung und einem ein- und ausschaltbaren Wärmeerzeuger mit einer von Null verschiedenen minimalen und einer maximalen Heizleistung, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen Wärmeerzeuger und Warmwasseraustrittsleitung eine Speicher-Misch-Vorrichtung angeordnet ist, die eine Aufteilungseinrichtung, eine Puffereinrichtung, eine Bypasseinrichtung und eine Mischeinrichtung umfasst.This is achieved by the objects with the features of
Die Aufteilungseinrichtung dient der Aufteilung des aus dem Wärmeerzeuger austretenden Gesamtwasserstroms in zwei parallel weiterfließende Teilwasserströme. Die Puffereinrichtung dient der Zwischenspeicherung eines Teilwasserstroms, während über die Bypasseinrichtung mindestens ein Teilwasserstrom an der Puffereinrichtung vorbeileitbar ist. Die Mischeinrichtung führt die Teilwasserströme wieder zusammen und mischt sie. Die Puffereinrichtung stellt ein Totzeitglied dar, mit deren Hilfe der in ihr durchfließend zwischengespeicherte Teilwasserstrom dem anderen Teilwasserstrom verzögert zugemischt werden kann. Die Totzeit ergibt sich im Wesentlichen aus der Volumenstromgröße des Teilwasserstroms und dem Pufferbehältervolumen. Durch diesen Aufbau ist die Warmwasseraustrittstemperatur des Wassererwärmers (Wassertemperatur am Anschluss an die Warmwasseraustrittsleitung) gegenüber einer Wassertemperatur unmittelbar stromabwärts des Wärmeerzeugers veränderbar.The splitting device serves to divide the total water flow emerging from the heat generator into two partial water flows which continue to flow in parallel. The buffer device serves to temporarily store a partial water flow, while at least one partial water flow can be conducted past the buffer device via the bypass device. The mixing device brings the partial water flows back together and mixes them. The buffer device is a deadtime element, with the aid of which the partial water flow cached through it can be mixed with the other partial water flow with a delay. The dead time results essentially from the volume flow size of the partial water flow and the buffer tank volume. With this structure, the hot water outlet temperature of the water heater (water temperature at the connection to the hot water outlet pipe) to a water temperature immediately downstream of the heat generator can be changed.
Die Aufteilungseinrichtung und/oder Mischeinrichtung können beispielsweise motorbetätigte oder elektromagnetbetätigte Stellglieder oder einfache passive Rohrleitungselemente sein, wie Mischventile, Umschaltventile oder T-Stücke. Ihre Aufgabe ist die Erzeugung volumengleicher oder volumenungleicher Teilwasserströme und deren Zusammenführung und Mischung. Die Stellglieder können diskrete Schaltstellungen aufweisen oder stufenlos zwischen ihren Endstellungen verstellbar sein.The splitting device and / or mixing device may be, for example, motor-operated or solenoid-actuated actuators or simple passive piping elements, such as mixing valves, change-over valves or tees. Their task is the generation of volume equal or volume identical partial water streams and their merging and mixing. The actuators may have discrete switch positions or be infinitely adjustable between their end positions.
Die Puffereinrichtung weist mindestens einen Pufferbehälter mit Anschlüssen an eine Behältereintrittsleitung und eine Behälteraustrittsleitung auf, wobei der Pufferbehälter mindestens einen Temperaturfühler in der Nähe des Anschlusses an die Behälteraustrittsleitung zur Messung einer Temperatur des zwischengespeicherten Wassers aufweist. Alternativ oder ergänzend kann ein Temperaturfühler auch an der Behälteraustrittsleitung angeordnet sein. Die Behältereintrittsleitung ist mit der Aufteilungseinrichtung verbunden, die Behälteraustrittsleitung ist mit der Mischeinrichtung verbunden.The buffer device has at least one buffer container with connections to a container inlet line and a container outlet line, wherein the buffer container has at least one temperature sensor in the vicinity of the connection to the container outlet line for measuring a temperature of the cached water. Alternatively or additionally, a temperature sensor can also be arranged on the container outlet line. The container inlet line is connected to the partitioning device, the container outlet line is connected to the mixing device.
Der Pufferbehälter umfasst Einrichtungen zur schichtweisen Einlagerung und/oder zur Trennung unterschiedlich temperierten Wassers, insbesondere Membranen. Damit wird eine Vermischung von warmem und kaltem Speicherwasser verhindert.The buffer container comprises means for layered storage and / or for the separation of different tempered water, in particular membranes. This prevents the mixing of hot and cold storage water.
Der Wassererwärmer umfasst ein Regelungsgerät. Dessen eine Aufgabe ist die Regelung der Funktion von Wärmeerzeuger und/oder Stellgliedern, also das Einschalten und Ausschalten des Wärmeerzeugers, das Modulieren der Wärmeerzeugerheizleistung und das Verstellen der Stellglieder. Eine zweite Aufgabe ist die Überwachung der Messwerte von Temperaturfühlern und/oder weiteren Messfühlern, insbesondere der Warmwasseraustrittstemperatur, auf deren Grundlage die Wärmeerzeugerheizleistung geregelt wird. Eine weitere Aufgabe des Regelungsgeräts ist Registrierung von Soll-Werten, insbesondere der Soll-Warmwasseraustrittstemperaturen, die vom Nutzer des Wassererwärmers oder geräteintern vorgegeben werden. Der Wärmeerzeuger ist in seiner Heizleistung diskret verstellbar oder vorteilhafterweise stufenlos modulierbar.The water heater includes a control device. One of its objects is the regulation of the function of heat generators and / or actuators, that is to say the switching on and off of the heat generator, the modulating of the heat generator heating power and the adjustment of the actuators. A second task is the monitoring of the measured values of temperature sensors and / or further measuring sensors, in particular the hot water outlet temperature, on the basis of which the heat generator heating power is regulated. Another object of the control device is registration of target values, in particular the desired hot water outlet temperatures, which are specified by the user of the water heater or device internally. The heat generator is discretely adjustable in its heating power or advantageously infinitely variable.
Die Speicher-Misch-Vorrichtung weist einen oder mehrere der folgenden Messfühler zur Volumenstrommessung des Gesamtwasserstroms und/oder mindestens eines Teilwasserstroms (Durchflussmesser), und/oder zur Messung der Temperaturen des in den Wassererwärmer eintretenden Wassers und/oder des aus dem Wärmeerzeuger austretenden Wassers und/oder des aus dem Pufferbehälter austretenden Wassers und/oder des aus dem Wassererwärmer austretenden Wassers (Temperaturfühler) auf.The storage mixing device comprises one or more of the following sensors for measuring the volume flow of the total water flow and / or at least a partial water flow (flow meter), and / or for measuring the temperatures of the water entering the water heater and / or the water leaving the heat generator and / or the water leaving the buffer tank and / or the water leaving the water heater (temperature sensor).
Das mindestens eine Stellglied der Aufteilungseinrichtung und/oder der Mischeinrichtung nimmt in Abhängigkeit der Temperaturen des aus dem Wärmeerzeuger austretenden Wassers und/oder des aus dem Pufferbehälter austretenden Wassers und/oder des aus dem Wassererwärmer austretenden Wassers eine Stellung zum vollständigen Durchleiten des Gesamtwasserstroms durch die Bypasseinrichtung oder zum vollständigen Durchleiten des Gesamtwasserstroms durch die Puffereinrichtung oder jede Zwischenstellung zum Aufteilen des Gesamtwasserstroms auf Teilwasserströme beliebiger Anteile ein.The at least one actuator of the splitting device and / or the mixing device takes a position for the complete passage of the total water flow through the bypass device depending on the temperatures of the water exiting from the heat generator and / or exiting the buffer tank water and / or exiting the water heater or for the complete passage of the total water flow through the buffer device or any intermediate position for dividing the total water flow into partial water flows of any proportions.
In einem Beispiel nimmt das mindestens eine Stellglied bevorzugt die Stellung zum vollständigen Durchleiten des Gesamtwasserstroms durch die Bypasseinrichtung oder die Stellung zur Aufteilung des Gesamtwasserstroms auf volumengleiche Teilwasserströme ein.In one example, the at least one actuator preferably occupies the position for complete passage of the total water flow through the bypass device or the position for dividing the total water flow to the same volume partial water flows.
In einer Stellung zum Durchleiten des Gesamtwasserstroms durch die Bypasseinrichtung weist das Stellglied eine geringe Zwangsleckage durch die Puffereinrichtung auf, sodass das in der Puffereinrichtung zwischengespeicherte Wasser fortlaufend erneuert wird und somit auf einer Soll-Warmwasseraustrittstemperatur bleibt.In a position for passing the total water flow through the bypass device, the actuator has a small forced leakage through the buffer device, so that the cached in the buffer device water is renewed continuously and thus remains at a desired hot water outlet temperature.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betreiben eines wie im Vorstehenden beschriebenen Wassererwärmers zur Wassererwärmung nach dem Durchflussprinzip ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein den Wassererwärmer durchfließender Gesamtwasserstrom zwischen Wärmeerzeuger und Warmwasseraustrittsleitung in Teilwasserströme, die eine Puffereinrichtung und eine Bypasseinrichtung parallel durchströmen, aufteilbar und im Anschluss wieder zusammenführbar ist. Dadurch lässt sich die Warmwasseraustrittstemperatur unabhängig von der Wassertemperatur unmittelbar stromabwärts des Wärmeerzeugers beeinflussen und verändern.The method according to the invention for operating a water heater for water heating according to the flow principle as described above is characterized in that a total water flow flowing through the water heater between the heat generator and the hot water outlet pipe can be divided into partial water streams which flow through a buffer device and a bypass device in parallel and can then be brought together again. This allows the hot water outlet temperature regardless of the water temperature immediately downstream of the heat generator influence and change.
Eine geeignete Ausführungsform des Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Veränderung einer Warmwasseraustrittstemperatur gegenüber einer unmittelbar stromabwärts des Wärmeerzeugers gemessenen Wassertemperatur oder zur Veränderung einer effektiven (d.h. über die Warmwasseraustrittsleitung nach außen an den Nutzer abgegebenen) Heizleistung des Wassererwärmers gegenüber einer momentanen Heizleistung des (taktenden) Wärmeerzeugers eine zwischen Wärmeerzeuger und Warmwasseraustrittsleitung angeordnete Speicher-Misch-Vorrichtung mittels einer Aufteilungseinrichtung den aus dem Wärmeerzeuger austretenden Gesamtwasserstrom in zwei Teilwasserströme aufteilt, mittels einer Puffereinrichtung einen Teilwasserstrom zeitweise zwischenspeichert und verzögert freigibt, mittels einer Bypasseinrichtung einen Teilwasserstrom an der Puffereinrichtung vorbeileitet und mittels einer Mischeinrichtung die Teilwasserströme wieder zusammenführt und in die Warmwasseraustrittsleitung einspeist.A suitable embodiment of the method is characterized in that for changing a hot water outlet temperature compared to a directly downstream of the heat generator measured water temperature or to change an effective (ie via the hot water outlet line to the outside delivered to the user) heating power of the water heater compared to a current heat output of the (clocking) Heat generator arranged between the heat generator and hot water outlet pipe storage mixing device by means of a splitting the leaking from the heat generator total water flow into two partial water flows, temporarily buffered by means of a buffer means a partial water flow and delayed releases, by means of a bypass device a partial water flow past the buffer device and by means of a mixing device merges the partial water flows again and feeds into the hot water outlet line.
In einer geeigneten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens, wobei eine Heizleistung des Wärmeerzeugers zwischen einer von Null verschiedenen minimalen und einer maximalen Heizleistung veränderbar ist, schaltet der Wassererwärmer in Abhängigkeit von einer Soll-Heizleistung des Wassererwärmers und/oder von einer momentanen Heizleistung des Wärmeerzeugers und/oder von einem im Wassererwärmer gemessenen Wasserdurchfluss und/oder von einer im Wassererwärmer gemessenen Wassertemperatur zwischen zwei Betriebsmodi um.In a suitable embodiment of the method, wherein a heat output of the heat generator is variable between a non-zero minimum and a maximum heat output, the water heater switches in response to a desired heat output of the water heater and / or from a current heat output of the heat generator and / or a measured in the water heater water flow and / or from a water temperature measured in the water heater between two modes of operation.
Die Soll-Heizleistung ist ein regelungsgeräteinterner Soll-Wert, der - anders als die Soll-Warmwasseraustrittstemperatur - nicht vom Nutzer vorgebbar ist und als solcher auch nicht nach außen in Erscheinung tritt. Sie ergibt sich aus der Größe des zu erwärmenden Wasservolumenstroms, seiner (kalten) Eintrittstemperatur und der für die Erzeugung der Soll-Warmwasseraustrittstemperatur erforderlichen Wassertemperatur unmittelbar stromabwärts des Wärmeerzeugers. Die Soll-Heizleistung kann im Bereich zwischen minimaler und maximaler Heizleistung des Wärmeerzeugers liegen, sie kann aber auch darunter (und darüber) liegen.The desired heating power is an internal regulation set point value, which - unlike the desired hot water outlet temperature - is not specified by the user and as such also does not appear to the outside in appearance. It results from the size of the water volume flow to be heated, its (cold) inlet temperature and the water temperature required for generating the desired hot water outlet temperature immediately downstream of the heat generator. The desired heat output may be in the range between minimum and maximum heat output of the heat generator, but it may also be below (and above).
Der Wassererwärmer schaltet in einen ersten Betriebsmodus und der Gesamtwasserstrom fließt vollständig durch die Bypasseinrichtung (oder vollständig durch die Puffereinrichtung, falls dieser aufgeladen werden soll), wenn die Soll-Heizleistung des Wassererwärmers zwischen der minimalen und der maximalen Heizleistung des Wärmeerzeugers liegt oder wenn die Wassertemperatur unmittelbar stromabwärts des Wärmeerzeugers gleich der Soll-Wassertemperatur am Anschluss an die Warmwasseraustrittsleitung ist. Dann heizt der Wärmeerzeuger im Dauerbetrieb solange Warmwasser gezapft wird. Dieser Betriebsmodus entspricht dem Betrieb herkömmlicher Wassererwärmer nach dem Stand der Technik.The water heater switches to a first operating mode and the total water flow flows completely through the bypass device (or completely through the buffer device if it is to be charged) when the desired heating power of the water heater is between the minimum and maximum heat output of the heat generator or if the water temperature immediately downstream of the heat generator is equal to the desired water temperature at the connection to the hot water outlet pipe. Then the heat source heats in continuous operation as long as hot water is tapped. This mode of operation corresponds to the operation of conventional water heaters of the prior art.
Der Wassererwärmer schaltet in einen zweiten Betriebsmodus und der Gesamtwasserstrom fließt in volumengleiche oder volumenungleiche Teilwasserströme aufgeteilt parallel durch die Bypasseinrichtung und durch (bzw. in) die Puffereinrichtung, wenn die Soll-Heizleistung des Wassererwärmers kleiner als die minimale Heizleistung des Wärmeerzeugers, jedoch verschieden von Null ist oder wenn die Wassertemperatur unmittelbar stromabwärts des mit minimaler Heizleistung betriebenen Wärmeerzeugers größer als die Soll-Warmwasseraustrittstemperatur ist. Dann heizt der Wärmeerzeuger im taktenden Betrieb (der Wärmeerzeuger schaltet abwechselnd ein und aus), wobei abwechselnd kaltes und warmes Wasser aus dem Wärmeerzeuger strömt und auf die Puffereinrichtung und die Bypasseinrichtung aufgeteilt wird. Die Taktdauer des Wärmeerzeugers wird so geregelt, dass sich unter Ausnutzung der Totzeitwirkung der Puffereinrichtung mit verzögerter Freigabe des entsprechenden Teilwasservolumenstroms an der Mischeinrichtung zwei Teilwasserströme zu einem Gesamtwasserstrom von Soll-Warmwasseraustrittstemperatur mischen. Die Taktdauer im zweiten Betriebsmodus kann je nach Größe des gezapften Wasservolumenstroms und des Pufferbehältervolumens sowie der Höhe der Kaltwassereintrittstemperatur und der Wassertemperatur unmittelbar stromabwärts des Wärmeerzeugers mehrere Minuten betragen und unterscheidet sich damit deutlich von der Taktdauer eines herkömmlichen Wassererwärmers, der in diesem Betriebspunkt in einen sehr schnell taktenden Betrieb mit den in der Einleitung genannten Nachteilen übergeht.The water heater switches to a second mode of operation and the total water flow flows in equal or volume equal partial water flows split in parallel through the bypass and through (or in) the buffer device, if the desired heat output of the water heater is less than the minimum heat output of the heat generator, but different from zero or if the water temperature is immediately downstream of the heat source operated with minimum heating power is greater than the desired hot water outlet temperature. Then, the heat generator heats in clocking mode (the heat generator alternately turns on and off), alternately flowing cold and hot water from the heat generator and splitting it between the buffering device and the bypassing device. The cycle time of the heat generator is controlled so that, by utilizing the dead time effect of the buffer device with delayed release of the corresponding partial water volume flow to the mixing device, two partial water streams mix to form a total water flow of desired hot water outlet temperature. The cycle time in the second operating mode can be several minutes depending on the size of the tapped water volume flow and the buffer tank volume and the height of the cold water inlet temperature and the water temperature immediately downstream of the heat generator and thus differs significantly from the cycle time of a conventional water heater, which in this operating point in a very fast clocking operation with the disadvantages mentioned in the introduction.
Ein weiteres geeignetes Verfahren, wobei der Wassererwärmer einen Regler umfasst, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Gesamtwasserstrom von einem durch den Regler geschalteten Stellglied in der Aufteilungseinrichtung und/oder der Mischeinrichtung auf Teilwasserströme aufgeteilt wird und dass die resultierende Warmwasseraustrittstemperatur der an der Mischeinrichtung wieder zusammengeführten Teilwasserströme gleich der Soll-Warmwasseraustrittstemperatur ist.Another suitable method, wherein the water heater comprises a regulator, is characterized in that the total water flow is split by a regulator connected in the splitting device and / or the mixing device to partial water flows and that the resulting hot water outlet temperature of the recombined at the mixing device partial water flows is equal to the target hot water outlet temperature.
In einem weiteren geeigneten Verfahren wird die Warmwasseraustrittstemperatur im zweiten Betriebsmodus durch eine aufeinander bezogene Abstimmung und Anpassung von Heizleistung und Stellung der Stellglieder auf Soll-Warmwasseraustrittstemperatur geregelt, indem die Wassertemperatur unmittelbar stromabwärts des Wärmeerzeugers unter Beachtung des physikalischen Mischungsverhaltens fluider Medien an die Wassertemperatur im Pufferbehälter so angepasst wird, dass die resultierende Warmwasseraustrittstemperatur der sich mischenden Teilwasserströme gleich der Soll-Warmwasseraustrittstemperatur ist. Dabei kann die Heizleistung im eingeschalteten Zustand des taktend betriebenen Wärmeerzeugers gleich oder größer als die minimale Heizleistung sein. Da die Kaltwassereintrittstemperatur regelmäßig niedriger als die Soll-Warmwasseraustrittstemperatur ist, muss die Wassertemperatur unmittelbar stromabwärts des Wärmeerzeugers höher als die Soll-Warmwasseraustrittstemperatur sein.In another suitable method, the hot water outlet temperature is controlled in the second mode by a coordinated vote and adjustment of heating power and position of the actuators to target hot water outlet temperature by the water temperature immediately downstream of the heat generator, taking into account the physical mixing behavior of fluid media to the water temperature in the buffer tank so is adjusted so that the resulting hot water outlet temperature of the mixing partial water flows is equal to the desired hot water outlet temperature. In this case, the heating power in the on state of the cyclically operated heat generator can be equal to or greater than the minimum heating power. Since the cold water inlet temperature is regularly lower than the target hot water outlet temperature, the water temperature immediately downstream of the heat generator must be higher than the target hot water outlet temperature.
Ein konkretes Ausführungsbeispiel des taktenden Wärmeerzeugerbetriebs im zweiten Betriebsmodus, wenn die Soll-Wassertemperatur in der Warmwasseraustrittsleitung kleiner als die bei minimaler Heizleistung des Wärmeerzeugers sich einstellende Wassertemperatur ist, sieht so aus, dass sobald und solange in der Puffereinrichtung austrittsseitig kaltes Wasser vorliegt:
- der Wärmeerzeuger einschaltet und den Gesamtwasserstrom heizt,
- dieser warme Gesamtwasserstrom in zwei warme Teilwasserströme aufgeteilt wird,
- der erste warme Teilwasserstrom durch die Bypasseinrichtung zur Warmwasseraustrittsleitung fließt,
- der zweite warme Teilwasserstrom in die Puffereinrichtung strömt, hier einen volumengleichen kalten Teilwasserstrom verdrängt, der daraufhin zur Warmwasseraustrittsleitung fließt,
- der erste, warme Teilwasserstrom und der zweite, kalte Teilwasserstrom sich vereinigen, auf Soll-Wassertemperatur mischen und über die Warmwasseraustrittsleitung zum Nutzer fließen.
- the heat generator turns on and heats the total water flow,
- this warm total water flow is divided into two warm partial water flows,
- the first warm partial water flow flows through the bypass device to the hot water outlet line,
- the second warm partial water flow flows into the buffer device, here displaces a volume-identical cold partial water flow, which then flows to the hot water outlet line,
- the first, warm partial water flow and the second, cold partial water flow unite, mix to target water temperature and flow through the hot water outlet pipe to the user.
Der Pufferbehälter füllt sich dabei nach und nach mit warmem Wasser, bis schließlich das kalte Wasser ganz verdrängt ist. Sobald und solange in der Puffereinrichtung austrittsseitig warmes Wasser vorliegt, sieht die Fortsetzung des konkreten Ausführungsbeispiels so aus, dass
- der Wärmeerzeuger ausschaltet und der Gesamtwasserstrom den Wärmeerzeuger ungeheizt durchfließt,
- dieser kalte Gesamtwasserstrom in zwei kalte Teilwasserströme aufgeteilt wird,
- der erste kalte Teilwasserstrom durch die Bypasseinrichtung zur Warmwasseraustrittsleitung fließt,
- der zweite kalte Teilwasserstrom in die Puffereinrichtung strömt, hier einen volumengleichen warmen Teilwasserstrom verdrängt, der daraufhin zur Warmwasseraustrittsleitung fließt,
- der erste, kalte Teilwasserstrom und der zweite, warme Teilwasserstrom sich vereinigen, auf Soll-Wassertemperatur mischen und über die Warmwasseraustrittsleitung zum Nutzer fließen.
- the heat generator switches off and the total water flow flows through the heat generator unheated,
- this cold total water flow is divided into two cold partial water flows,
- the first cold partial water flow flows through the bypass device to the hot water outlet line,
- the second cold partial water flow flows into the buffer device, here displaces a full volume warm partial water flow, which then flows to the hot water outlet line,
- the first, cold partial water flow and the second, warm partial water flow unite, mix to target water temperature and flow through the hot water outlet pipe to the user.
Mit der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Wassererwärmers geschaffen, das die Einhaltung einer vom Nutzer vorgegebenen Soll-Warmwasseraustrittstemperatur auch unterhalb der unteren Heizleistungsmodulationsgrenze des Wärmeerzeugers ermöglicht, ohne auf den vollen Warmwasserkomfort zu verzichten und ohne die Gefahr einer Verbrühung einzugehen, und die das schnelle Takten des Wärmeerzeugers und die damit einhergehenden Risiken für die beteiligten Bauteile vermeiden.With the invention, a method for operating a water heater is provided, which allows compliance with a predetermined by the user target hot water outlet temperature below the lower Heizleistungsmodulationsgrenze the heat generator, without sacrificing the full hot water comfort and without the Risk of scalding, and avoid the rapid cycling of the heat generator and the associated risks for the components involved.
Die Zeichnungen stellen zwei Ausführungsbeispiele von mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren betreibbaren Wasssererwärmern dar und zeigen in den Figuren:
- Fig. 1
- Wassererwärmer im Grundaufbau und
- Fig. 2
- Wassererwärmer mit alternativen oder zusätzlichen Messfühlern.
- Fig. 1
- Water heater in the basic construction and
- Fig. 2
- Water heater with alternative or additional sensors.
Claims (6)
- Method for operating a water heater (1) for heating water in accordance with the through-flow principle,
wherein the water heater (1) has a connection to a cold-water inlet line (2), a connection to a warm-water outlet line (3) and a heat generator (1) which is able to be switched on and off, wherein, between the heat generator (4) and the warm-water outlet line (3), a total water stream flowing through the water heater (1) is able to be divided between a bypass device (7) and a buffer device (9) and merged again,
characterized in that, in a second operating mode, if a target warm-water outlet temperature is lower than a water temperature which is established at a minimum heating power of the heat generator (4),
as soon as and for as long as cold water is present on the outlet side in the buffer device (9) :• the heat generator (4) switches on and heats the total water stream,• this warm total water stream is divided into two warm partial water streams,• a first warm partial water stream flows through the bypass device (7) to the warm-water outlet line (3),• a second warm partial water stream flows into the buffer device (9) where it displaces a cold partial water stream of equal volume, which subsequently flows to the warm-water outlet line (3),• the first, warm partial water stream and the second, cold partial water stream merge in the mixing device (6), are mixed to a target water temperature, and flow to the user via the warm-water outlet line (3), andas soon as and for as long as warm water is present on the outlet side in the buffer device (9) :• the heat generator (4) switches off, and the total water stream flows through the heat generator (4) without being heated,• this cold total water stream is divided into two cold partial water streams,• a first cold partial water stream flows through the bypass device (7) to the warm-water outlet line (3),• a second cold partial water stream flows into the buffer device (9) where it displaces a warm partial water stream of equal volume, which subsequently flows to the warm-water outlet line (3),• the first, cold partial water stream and the second, warm partial water stream merge in the mixing device (6), are mixed to a target water temperature, and flow to the user via the warm-water outlet line (3). - Method for operating a water heater (1) according to Claim 1, wherein a heating power of the heat generator (4) is able to be varied between a non-zero minimum and a maximum heating power, characterized in that, in dependence on a target heating power of the water heater (1) and/or on an instantaneous heating power of the heat generator (4) and/or on a water flow rate measured in the water heater (1) and/or on a water temperature measured in the water heater (1), the water heater (1)• switches into a first operating mode, and the total water stream flows completely through the bypass device (7) or completely through the buffer device (9), if the target heating power of the water heater (1) lies between the minimum and the maximum heating power of the heat generator (4) or if the water temperature immediately downstream of the heat generator (4) is equal to the target warm-water outlet temperature at the connection to the warm-water outlet line (3), wherein the heat generator (4) heats in continuous operation, and• switches into the second operating mode, and the total water stream, divided into partial water streams of equal volume or unequal volume, flows through the bypass device (7) and through (into) the buffer device (9) in a parallel manner, if the target heating power of the water heater (1) is lower than the minimum heating power of the heat generator (4) but non-zero or if the water temperature immediately downstream of the heat generator (4), operated with minimum heating power, is higher than the target warm-water outlet temperature, wherein the heat generator (4) heats in cyclic operation.
- Method for operating a water heater (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in the second operating mode, in order to vary a warm-water outlet temperature in relation to a water temperature measured immediately downstream of the heat generator (4), a storing-mixing unit (5) arranged between the heat generator (4) and the warm-water outlet line (3)• divides the total water stream exiting the heat generator (4) into two partial water streams by means of a dividing device (8),• intermediately stores a partial water stream for a time by means of a buffer device (9),• guides a partial water stream past the buffer device (9) by means of a bypass device (7), and• merges the partial water streams again, and feeds them into the warm-water outlet line (3), by means of a mixing device (6).
- Method for operating a water heater (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the water heater (1) comprises a regulator (11),
characterized in that the total water stream is divided into partial water streams by an actuating element, switched by the regulator (11), in the dividing device (8) and/or in the mixing device (6), and in that the warm-water outlet temperature of the partial water streams merged again at the mixing device (6) is equal to the target warm-water outlet temperature. - Method for operating a water heater (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that, in the second operating mode, the warm-water outlet temperature is adjusted in a regulated manner to the target warm-water outlet temperature by way of interrelated coordination and matching of the heating power and the position of the actuating elements,
in that the water temperature immediately downstream of the heat generator (4) is matched to the water temperature in the buffer container (9), with the physical mixing behaviour of fluid media taken into consideration, and the resulting water temperature of the mixing partial water streams is equal to the target warm-water outlet temperature. - Method for operating a water heater (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 5,
wherein the dividing device (8) and/or the mixing device (6) are selected from the group comprising motor-actuated and electromagnet-actuated actuating elements (mixing valves, switchover valves) and passive pipeline elements (T-pieces), characterized in that, in one position of the at least one actuating element for guiding the total water stream through the bypass device (7), a small forced leak flows through the buffer device (9), with the result that water which is intermediately stored in the buffer device (9) is continuously renewed and thus remains at a target warm-water outlet temperature.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009010041A DE102009010041A1 (en) | 2009-02-21 | 2009-02-21 | water heater |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2221551A2 EP2221551A2 (en) | 2010-08-25 |
EP2221551A3 EP2221551A3 (en) | 2015-09-23 |
EP2221551B1 true EP2221551B1 (en) | 2018-03-21 |
Family
ID=42154242
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10151647.4A Not-in-force EP2221551B1 (en) | 2009-02-21 | 2010-01-26 | Water heater |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2221551B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102009010041A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102014112366A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 | 2016-03-03 | Krones Ag | Arrangement and method for heat storage for heat consumers in a plant for beverage production and brewery plant |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2950686A1 (en) * | 1979-12-17 | 1981-06-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | DEVICE FOR HEATING LIQUIDS, IN PARTICULAR HOT WATER |
JPS58127026A (en) * | 1982-01-23 | 1983-07-28 | Toho Gas Kk | Hot water supplier |
AT405454B (en) * | 1994-08-03 | 1999-08-25 | Vaillant Gmbh | HOT WATER HEATING |
DE19503741A1 (en) * | 1995-02-04 | 1996-08-08 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg | Constant hot water supply system |
DE10316363A1 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2004-10-28 | Walter Feilhauer | Heat store, for hot water heated by solar energy, has a vertical porous hose for the hot water inflow to deliver hot water in layers without turbulence and a hot water outflow by a hose with a float through a paraffin particle shrouding |
AU2007203198B2 (en) * | 2006-07-19 | 2011-03-10 | Rheem Australia Pty Limited | Improvements in Water Heating Systems |
US7298968B1 (en) * | 2007-01-05 | 2007-11-20 | Rheem Manufacturing Company | Pumpless combination instantaneous/storage water heater system |
-
2009
- 2009-02-21 DE DE102009010041A patent/DE102009010041A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2010
- 2010-01-26 EP EP10151647.4A patent/EP2221551B1/en not_active Not-in-force
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102009010041A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
EP2221551A3 (en) | 2015-09-23 |
EP2221551A2 (en) | 2010-08-25 |
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