EP2208731B1 - Process for preparation of 1,2-diamino-cyclohexane-platinum(II) complexes - Google Patents
Process for preparation of 1,2-diamino-cyclohexane-platinum(II) complexes Download PDFInfo
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- EP2208731B1 EP2208731B1 EP09008348A EP09008348A EP2208731B1 EP 2208731 B1 EP2208731 B1 EP 2208731B1 EP 09008348 A EP09008348 A EP 09008348A EP 09008348 A EP09008348 A EP 09008348A EP 2208731 B1 EP2208731 B1 EP 2208731B1
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- Prior art keywords
- trans
- platinum
- oxaliplatin
- sulfate
- cyclohexandiamine
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- 0 C[C@](CCCC1)[C@@]1*(C)(C)*(OC1=O)(OC1=O)I Chemical compound C[C@](CCCC1)[C@@]1*(C)(C)*(OC1=O)(OC1=O)I 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F17/00—Metallocenes
- C07F17/02—Metallocenes of metals of Groups 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic System
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic System
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic System compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0086—Platinum compounds
- C07F15/0093—Platinum compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/28—Compounds containing heavy metals
- A61K31/282—Platinum compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
- A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic System
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for the preparation of 1,2-diaminocyclohexane-platinum (II) complexes, in particular cis-oxalato-(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexanediamine)-platinum (II) complexes such as oxaliplatin.
- Oxaliplatin CAS Number [61825-94-3] is the generally used name for a Pt(II)-complex with the chemical name ( SP -4-2)-[(1R,2R))-1,2-cyclohexandiamine-N,N']-[oxalato-O,O']-platinum(II).
- the conventional name is "cis-oxalato-(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexanediamine)-platinum (II)".
- Oxaliplatin is a cytostatic drug against metastatic colorectal carcinoma.
- the oxaliplatin complex is a mixture of 3 isomers: a cis-isomer, which is a geometrical isomer and two trans-isomers (trans-d and trans-/), which are optical isomers (enantiomers).
- Oxaliplatin is the pure trans-/ enatiomer having the following formula:
- US 5,290,961 disclose a process for oxaliplatin manufacture, in which in a first step not less than two equivalents of silver are added to the compound (DACH)PtCl 2 . Thereafter, the precipitated AgCl is removed and sodium iodide and/or potassium iodide is added to convert the unreacted (DACH)PtCl 2 , its by-products and unreacted silver ions into their iodine compounds followed by the removal thereof. After this step, oxalic acid is added to form the oxaliplatin complex.
- EP 1680434B1 discloses the addition of quarternary ammonium iodide compounds of the type (NR 4 )N I for removal of trace contaminants.
- EP 1561754B1 describes a preparation process for oxaliplatin using the tetra-iodo complex K 2 PtI 4 as starting material for preparing the compound (DACH)PtI 2 .
- This intermediate is reacted with a silver salt such as AgNO 3 , the precipitated AgI is removed and the remaining (DACH)Pt-(aquo) 2 -dinitrate complex is converted to oxaliplatin by addition of an oxalate compound.
- a drawback of the methods employing the iodide compound K 2 PtI 4 as starting material is that an additional step is coming to the process (due to the preparation of the K 2 PtI 4 complex from the dichloro compound K 2 PtCl 4 ), Thus, the resulting overall procedure is time-consuming and costly.
- WO 2007/140804 discloses a method for manufacture of oxaliplatin, in which a solid inert material and a solid polymeric material containing cationic exchange groups is added in the various reaction steps.
- EP 881226 teaches the use of deoxygenated water and a low oxygen environment for the production of oxaliplatin. Such processes are too time-consuming and costly to employ in industrial production scale.
- the present invention provides a process for preparing oxaliplatin (cis-oxalato-(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexanediamine)-platinum-II) of the structural formula I : comprising the following steps:
- the barium oxalate (BaC 2 O 4 ) employed in step c) is added in the form of separate components to the reaction mixture.
- the two compounds oxalic acid (H 2 C 2 O 4 ) and barium hydroxide (Ba(OH) 2 ) are added successively or simultaneously in stoichiometric portions (i.e. equimolar) to the reaction mixture under stirring:
- the method of the present invention provides a process for preparing oxaliplatin (cis-oxalato-(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexanediamine)-platinum-II) of the structural formula I comprising the following steps:
- the preparation processes of the invention may further comprise a step b') of removal of the precipitated silver chloride (AgCl) after step b) and a step c') of removal of the precipitated barium sulfate (BaSO 4 ) after steps c)/c1).
- a step b' of removal of the precipitated silver chloride (AgCl) after step b)
- further steps for removal of impurities and/or isolation and/or purification of the oxaliplatin product may be added to the process.
- the preparation process of the present invention may comprise the following steps:
- the present invention provides a manufacturing process for oxaliplatin, which is quick, straightforward, economical and applicable to industrial production.
- the process provides the oxaliplatin product in high yield and in high purity, in particular with a low silver content ( ⁇ 5 ppm).
- the present process does not employ purification steps based on the addition of iodine compounds.
- the compound K 2 PtI 4 is not used as a starting material.
- the present process differs in two important features from the manufacturing methods of the prior art. At first, it uses silver sulfate (instead of silver nitrate) for the preparation of the intermediate (DACH)Pt(aq) 2 complex in step b). Secondly, the process employs barium oxalate (BaC 2 O 4 ) - or alternatively an equimolar mixture of barium hydroxide (Ba(OH) 2 ) and oxalic acid (H 2 C 2 O 4 ) - for the preparation of the oxaliplatin product (DACH)Pt(C 2 O 4 ) in step c).
- barium oxalate BaC 2 O 4
- Ba(OH) 2 barium hydroxide
- H 2 C 2 O 4 oxalic acid
- the product yields are quite high, reaching up to 80%.
- the method according to the present invention provides very pure oxaliplatin product in high yield, which can be used as a pharmacologically active compound in pharmaceutical compositions.
- the oxaliplatin compound is a mixture of 3 isomers.
- Oxaliplatin consists of the pure trans-/ enantiomer.
- Step a Potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) [K 2 PtCl 4 ], the starting material for step a), is readily available on the market.
- the Pt content should be in the range of 46.0 to 47.5 wt.-% and the water content should be ⁇ 1 wt.%.
- Suitable DACH materials are manufactured by newly developed enantiomer separation technologies and are available from several vendors.
- the mixture of potassium chloroplatinate (K 2 PtCl 4 ) and DACH is stirred at room temperature for a time in the range of 2 to 10 hours, preferably in the range of 4 to 8 hours.
- the yellow (DACH)PtCl 2 precipitates and can be isolated e.g. by filtration with a filter unit.
- This intermediate (DACH)PtCl 2 is washed with purified water organic solvents such as methanol and/or acetone. Drying is performed preferably in vacuum for a period of 1 to 6 hours.
- the silver sulfate suitable for the present process should have a silver content of about 68.0 to 69.5 wt.-% Ag and a water content of ⁇ 1 wt.%. Suitable products are available from different vendors.
- Step c)/c1) The barium oxalate (BaC 2 O 4 ) employed in step c) is commercially available or can be prepared separately prior to use in a simple reaction between equimolar amounts of barium hydroxide (Ba(OH) 2 ) and oxalic acid (H 2 C 2 O 4 ) in water.
- step c1) the components barium hydroxide (Ba(OH) 2 ) and oxalic acid (H 2 C 2 O 4 ) are added successively or simultaneously to the reaction mixture.
- barium oxalate (BaC 2 O 4 ) is formed "in situ" in the reaction mixture.
- Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH) 2 ) may be employed in its mono-hydrate or its octa-hydrate form; oxalic acid can be used pure or in its di-hydrate form. All of these starting compounds are readily available on the market.
- step c1) i.e. in case barium hydroxide (Ba(OH) 2 ) and oxalic acid (H 2 C 2 O 4 ) are added as separate compounds to the mixture, the pH is adjusted to the same pH range.
- steps can be performed by use of standard separation and filtration operations known in the art. Separation and filtering equipment such as suction funnels, filter paper, filter presses, centrifuges etc. may be used. For improvement of the filtration process, aqueous suspensions of activated carbon (activated charcoal) may be spread over the filter paper prior to the start of the filtration processes.
- activated carbon activated carbon
- the filter cakes of precipitated AgCl (obtained in step b')) and barium sulfate (obtained in step c')) are generally analyzed by XRF (X-ray fluorescence) for platinum residues. If Pt residues are visible as defined peaks in the XRF spectrum, the corresponding filter cakes may be resuspended in purified water, stirred and filtered again. Finally the filter cakes may be collected for Pt recovery.
- XRF X-ray fluorescence
- a rotation evaporator e.g. "Rotavapor”
- the Ag content is ⁇ 5 ppm, preferably ⁇ 3.5 ppm
- AAS atomic absorption spectroscopy
- the product fulfils the specification of the European Pharmacopeia 04/2003, Annex 4.4.
- suitable recrystallisation steps in purified water may be added.
- a general advantage of the present process is that no nitrate ions (NO 3 - ions) are employed.
- NO 3 - typically is ⁇ 5 ppm, preferably ⁇ 1 ppm (as detected by ion chromatography).
- the content of Na + and K + typically is ⁇ 5 ppm, preferably ⁇ 1 ppm (as detected by ion chromatography).
- the final oxaliplatin product prepared according to the present invention reveals a very high optical purity.
- the product fulfils the requirements of the specification of the European Pharmacopeia 04/2003, Annex 4.4.
- the total yield of pure product is in range of 60 to 80%, more specifically in the range of 65 to 80% (based on Pt employed in the starting material K 2 PtCl 4 ).
- Product lumps may be de-agglomerated in a mortar.
- the product is stored in dark plastic bottles.
- Deionized water is used for all steps except for the stage of washing/rinsing of the final product.
- highly purified water having a limited bacteria content accordinging to European Pharmacopoeia 4 is used.
- Step c1) Reaction of (DACH)Pt(aquo) 2 -(II)- sulfate with barium hydroxide and oxalic acid
- oxalic acid dihydrate H 2 C 2 O 4 x 2 H 2 O; 0.26
- the resulting solution is evaporated in a Rotavapor at 40°C to almost dryness, whereby the oxaliplatin precipitates.
- the resulting precipitate is washed with 0.2-0.3 I of cold highly purified water (free of bacteria) and then with acetone. To protect the product against light, these operations are conducted under low intensity light. Finally, the product is dried under vacuum for 2 hours. The total yield of pure product is 65 %.
- the product is thereafter analyzed for impurities.
- the Ag content as detected by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is ⁇ 5 ppm, preferably ⁇ 3.5 ppm. If necessary, a recrystallisation step in purified water is added.
- the nitrate content is ⁇ 1 ppm as detected by ion chromatography.
- Barium oxalate is prepared separately by reacting equimolar portions of oxalic acid dihydrate (H 2 C 2 O 4 x 2 H 2 O) and barium hydroxide octahydrate (Ba(OH) 2 . x 8 H 2 O) in deionized water. After reaction, the precipitated barium oxalate is isolated by filtration and dried prior to use.
- step b) containing the (DACH)Pt(aquo) 2 -(II)-sulfate complex (approx. 10-12 I)
- a 20 I polypropylene tank Thereafter 58.8 g of barium oxalate (BaC 2 O 4 , 0.26 mol) are added under stirring.
- the reaction mixture is stirred for 20 hours at room temperature.
Description
- The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of 1,2-diaminocyclohexane-platinum (II) complexes, in particular cis-oxalato-(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexanediamine)-platinum (II) complexes such as oxaliplatin.
- "Oxaliplatin", CAS Number [61825-94-3] is the generally used name for a Pt(II)-complex with the chemical name (SP-4-2)-[(1R,2R))-1,2-cyclohexandiamine-N,N']-[oxalato-O,O']-platinum(II). The conventional name is "cis-oxalato-(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexanediamine)-platinum (II)". Oxaliplatin is a cytostatic drug against metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Basically, the oxaliplatin complex is a mixture of 3 isomers: a cis-isomer, which is a geometrical isomer and two trans-isomers (trans-d and trans-/), which are optical isomers (enantiomers). Oxaliplatin is the pure trans-/ enatiomer having the following formula:
- While the anti-tumor activity of cis-platinum (II) compounds was generally known, the specific Pt compound was discovered in 1976 at Nagoya University (Japan) by Professor Yoshinori Kidani (ref to
US 4,169,846 ). Oxaliplatin is now frequently used in cancer therapy. - The process described in
US 4,169,846 is based on the reaction of the (SP-4-2)-dichloro- [(1R, 2R))-1,2-cyclohexandiamine-N,N']-platinum(II) complex, in the following abbreviated as (DACH)PtCl2, in water with two equivalents of silver nitrate (AgNO3), an elimination of the obtained solid phase and a subsequent reaction of the obtained [(1R, 2R)-1,2-cyclohexandiamine-N,N']- platinum(II) diaquo-dinitrate (hereinafter abbreviated as (DACH)Pt(aquo)2-dinitrate) with oxalic acid and/or its alkali metal salts. The product must be purified by recrystallisation; the final yield of the obtained oxaliplatin is usually quite low. Therefore, this general procedure is not suitable for industrial application. - Various methods for the preparation of oxaliplatin were later disclosed in the patent literature.
- A major focus was on the reduction of the silver content of the oxaliplatin product to fulfil the requirements of the pharmaceutical specifications. According to the European Pharmacopeia 04/2003, Annex 4.4, the silver content must be less than 5 ppm (as detected by AAS). Purification steps, which use alkaline iodides for the elimination of silver ions and other impurities from the (DACH)Pt(II) diaquo complexes were frequently reported in the state of the art.
-
US 5,290,961 (and the correspondingEP 617043B1 - In
WO 03/004505 A1 -
EP 1680434B1 discloses the addition of quarternary ammonium iodide compounds of the type (NR4)N I for removal of trace contaminants. -
EP 1561754B1 describes a preparation process for oxaliplatin using the tetra-iodo complex K2PtI4 as starting material for preparing the compound (DACH)PtI2. This intermediate is reacted with a silver salt such as AgNO3, the precipitated AgI is removed and the remaining (DACH)Pt-(aquo)2-dinitrate complex is converted to oxaliplatin by addition of an oxalate compound. - A similar preparation method, also starting from K2PtI4, is disclosed in
ES 2183714A1 - A drawback of the methods employing the iodide compound K2PtI4 as starting material is that an additional step is coming to the process (due to the preparation of the K2PtI4 complex from the dichloro compound K2PtCl4), Thus, the resulting overall procedure is time-consuming and costly.
- Furthermore, the preparation methods employing iodides lead to discoloration of the product due to the formation of platinum(II) mono- and diiodo complexes. The crude oxaliplatin product must therefore be recrystallized from water.
-
WO 2007/140804 discloses a method for manufacture of oxaliplatin, in which a solid inert material and a solid polymeric material containing cationic exchange groups is added in the various reaction steps. -
EP 881226 - In summary, the presently disclosed processes for manufacture of oxaliplatin are suffering from various drawbacks and are time-consuming, lengthy and costly.
- Therefore it was an objective of the present invention to provide a manufacturing process for oxaliplatin, which is quick, simple, straightforward, economical and applicable to industrial production. The process should deliver the oxaliplatin product in high yield and high purity, suitable for pharmaceutical use. Furthermore, it was an objective to provide a process, in which the individual steps employed should not require deoxygenated water or low oxygen atmosphere.
- These objectives are met by the preparation method according to the claims of the present invention.
-
- a) reacting potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) [K2PtCl4] with trans-/-1,2-cyclohexanediamine to obtain the dichloro-[(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N,N']-platinum(II) complex,
- b) reacting the dichloro- [(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexandiamine-N,N']-platinum(II) complex with silver sulfate (Ag2SO4) to obtain [(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexandiamine-N,N']-platinum(II)-diaquo-sulfate and silver chloride (AgCl),
- c) reacting the [(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexandiamine-N,N']-platinum(II)-diaquo sulfate with barium oxalate (BaC2O4) to obtain oxaliplatin (cis-oxalato-(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexane-diamine)-platinum-II) and barium sulfate (BaSO4).
- The reaction steps a) - c) of the process of the present invention can be depicted in the following equations (1) - (3) (wherein "DACH" is the abbreviation for trans-/-1, 2-cyclohexanediamine and "aq" denotes a H2O ligand in the Pt sulfate complex):
Step a): K2PtCl4 + trans-/-DACH ==> (DACH)PtCl2 (1)
Step b): (DACH)PtCl2 + Ag2SO4 ==> (DACH)Pt(aq)2SO4 + 2 AgCl (2)
Step c): (DACH)Pt(aq)2SO4 + BaC2O4 ==> (DACH)Pt(C2O4) + BaSO4 (3)
- In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the barium oxalate (BaC2O4) employed in step c) is added in the form of separate components to the reaction mixture. Thus it can be formed "in situ" during the reaction. In this case, the two compounds oxalic acid (H2C2O4) and barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) are added successively or simultaneously in stoichiometric portions (i.e. equimolar) to the reaction mixture under stirring:
Step c1): (DACH)Pt(aq)2SO4 + H2C2O4 + Ba(OH)2 ==> (DACH)Pt(C2O4) + BaSO4 (3')
- Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the method of the present invention provides a process for preparing oxaliplatin (cis-oxalato-(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexanediamine)-platinum-II) of the structural formula I comprising the following steps:
- a) reacting potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) [K2PtCl4] with trans-/-1,2-cyclohexanediamine to obtain the dichloro-[(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N,N']-platinum(II) complex,
- b) reacting the dichloro- [(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexandiamine-N,N']-platinum(II) complex with silver sulfate (Ag2SO4) to obtain [(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexandiamine-N,N']-platinum(II)-diaquo-sulfate and silver chloride (AgCl),
- c1) reacting the [(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexandiamine-N,N']-platinum(II)-diaquo-sulfate with equimolar portions of barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2) and oxalic acid (H2C2O4) to obtain oxaliplatin (cis-oxalato-(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexane-diamine)-platinum-II) and barium sulfate (BaSO4).
- In this preferred embodiment, inexpensive starting materials can be used, which are readily available on the market.
- The preparation processes of the invention may further comprise a step b') of removal of the precipitated silver chloride (AgCl) after step b) and a step c') of removal of the precipitated barium sulfate (BaSO4) after steps c)/c1). In addition to these steps, further steps for removal of impurities and/or isolation and/or purification of the oxaliplatin product may be added to the process. As an example, the preparation process of the present invention may comprise the following steps:
- a) reacting potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) [K2PtCl4] with trans-/-1,2-cyclohexanediamine to obtain the dichloro-[(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N,N']-platinum(II) complex,
- b) reacting the dichloro- [(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexandiamine-N,N']-platinum(II) complex with silver sulfate (Ag2SO4) to obtain [(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexandiamine-N,N']-platinum(II)-diaquo-sulfate and silver chloride (AgCl),
- b') removal of the precipitated silver chloride (AgCl),
- c)/c1) reacting the [(trans-I-1,2-cyclohexandiamine-N,N']-platinum(II)-diaquo-sulfate with barium oxalate (BaC2O4) (= step c)) or with equimolar portions of barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) and oxalic acid (H2C2O4) (= step c1)) to obtain oxaliplatin (cis-oxalato-(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexane-diamine)-platinum-II) and barium sulfate (BaSO4),
- c') removal of the precipitated barium sulfate (BaSO4) and
- d) isolating and/or purification of the oxaliplatin product.
- The present invention provides a manufacturing process for oxaliplatin, which is quick, straightforward, economical and applicable to industrial production. The process provides the oxaliplatin product in high yield and in high purity, in particular with a low silver content (< 5 ppm). Compared to prior art manufacturing methods, the present process does not employ purification steps based on the addition of iodine compounds. Furthermore, the compound K2PtI4 is not used as a starting material.
- In general, the present process differs in two important features from the manufacturing methods of the prior art. At first, it uses silver sulfate (instead of silver nitrate) for the preparation of the intermediate (DACH)Pt(aq)2 complex in step b). Secondly, the process employs barium oxalate (BaC2O4) - or alternatively an equimolar mixture of barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) and oxalic acid (H2C2O4) - for the preparation of the oxaliplatin product (DACH)Pt(C2O4) in step c).
- The combination of these measures results in a very effective manufacturing process, allowing the removal of the ionic contaminants (barium ions and sulfate ions) from the mother liquor in the form of the practically water-insoluble BaSO4. It was surprisingly found that, after the removal of the BaSO4 precipitate, the oxaliplatin product can be isolated in high purity from the mother liquor by simple solvent evaporation and crystallisation.
- As there are a reduced number of processing steps and washing/purification procedures employed in the process, the product yields are quite high, reaching up to 80%.
- In summary, the method according to the present invention provides very pure oxaliplatin product in high yield, which can be used as a pharmacologically active compound in pharmaceutical compositions.
- As already mentioned, the oxaliplatin compound is a mixture of 3 isomers. Oxaliplatin consists of the pure trans-/ enantiomer. In order to achieve a high optical purity of the final oxaliplatin product, a trans-/-1,2-cyclohexane-diamine [= (1R,2R)-Diaminocyclohexane (DACH)] ligand with high optical purity should be employed in the process.
- Step a: Potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) [K2PtCl4], the starting material for step a), is readily available on the market. Typically, the Pt content should be in the range of 46.0 to 47.5 wt.-% and the water content should be < 1 wt.%.
- The (1R,2R)-diaminocyclohexane enantiomer suitable as starting material of the present invention should have a minimum optical purity of 99.5%, the content of the trans-d (= 1S,2S) isomer should be < 0.1%. Suitable DACH materials are manufactured by newly developed enantiomer separation technologies and are available from several vendors. The mixture of potassium chloroplatinate (K2PtCl4) and DACH is stirred at room temperature for a time in the range of 2 to 10 hours, preferably in the range of 4 to 8 hours. The yellow (DACH)PtCl2 precipitates and can be isolated e.g. by filtration with a filter unit. This intermediate (DACH)PtCl2 is washed with purified water organic solvents such as methanol and/or acetone. Drying is performed preferably in vacuum for a period of 1 to 6 hours.
- Step b): Generally, the silver sulfate employed in step b) is used in stoichiometric amounts in relation to the starting (DACH)PtCl2 complex, e.g. per molar equivalent of the starting Pt complex one molar equivalent of silver sulfate is employed. The silver sulfate suitable for the present process should have a silver content of about 68.0 to 69.5 wt.-% Ag and a water content of < 1 wt.%. Suitable products are available from different vendors.
- Step c)/c1): The barium oxalate (BaC2O4) employed in step c) is commercially available or can be prepared separately prior to use in a simple reaction between equimolar amounts of barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) and oxalic acid (H2C2O4) in water. In case step c1) is employed, the components barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) and oxalic acid (H2C2O4) are added successively or simultaneously to the reaction mixture. Hereby, barium oxalate (BaC2O4) is formed "in situ" in the reaction mixture. Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) may be employed in its mono-hydrate or its octa-hydrate form; oxalic acid can be used pure or in its di-hydrate form. All of these starting compounds are readily available on the market.
- Generally, in step c) the pH is adjusted to the range of pH = 4 - 7, preferably to the range of pH = 5 - 6.5 after addition of the barium oxalate (BaC2O4). In step c1), i.e. in case barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) and oxalic acid (H2C2O4) are added as separate compounds to the mixture, the pH is adjusted to the same pH range.
- Steps b') and c'): The removal of the precipitated silver chloride (step b')) is performed after step b) and the removal of the precipitated barium sulfate (step c')) is conducted after step c) or step c1). These steps can be performed by use of standard separation and filtration operations known in the art. Separation and filtering equipment such as suction funnels, filter paper, filter presses, centrifuges etc. may be used. For improvement of the filtration process, aqueous suspensions of activated carbon (activated charcoal) may be spread over the filter paper prior to the start of the filtration processes. The filter cakes of precipitated AgCl (obtained in step b')) and barium sulfate (obtained in step c')) are generally analyzed by XRF (X-ray fluorescence) for platinum residues. If Pt residues are visible as defined peaks in the XRF spectrum, the corresponding filter cakes may be resuspended in purified water, stirred and filtered again. Finally the filter cakes may be collected for Pt recovery.
- Step d): For product isolation and/or purification, the resulting aqueous solution obtained in step c) or step c1) are concentrated in a rotation evaporator (e.g. "Rotavapor") using a water-jet vacuum (10 - 20 Torr) at temperatures in the range of 25 to 50°C. Generally, the water is removed to almost dryness. Hereby, the oxaliplatin product crystallizes and precipitates. The resulting precipitate is isolated from the mother liquor by filtration and washed with cold, highly purified water and thereafter with acetone. Finally, the product is dried under vacuum for 1 to 5 hours.
- Product purity: Typically, in the oxaliplatin product prepared according to the present invention, the Ag content is < 5 ppm, preferably < 3.5 ppm
- (as detected by atomic absorption spectroscopy, AAS). Thus, the product fulfils the specification of the European Pharmacopeia 04/2003, Annex 4.4. If necessary, suitable recrystallisation steps in purified water may be added. A general advantage of the present process is that no nitrate ions (NO3 - ions) are employed. Thus, the contamination of the resulting oxaliplatin product with this ion is very low; the content of NO3 - typically is < 5 ppm, preferably < 1 ppm (as detected by ion chromatography). Similarly, the content of Na+ and K+ typically is < 5 ppm, preferably < 1 ppm (as detected by ion chromatography). The final oxaliplatin product prepared according to the present invention reveals a very high optical purity. The concentration of the trans-d (= 1S, 2S) isomer is generally < 0.1 %. The product fulfils the requirements of the specification of the European Pharmacopeia 04/2003, Annex 4.4.
- As a rule, the total yield of pure product is in range of 60 to 80%, more specifically in the range of 65 to 80% (based on Pt employed in the starting material K2PtCl4). Product lumps may be de-agglomerated in a mortar. For protection against light, the product is stored in dark plastic bottles.
- The following examples may illustrate the invention without narrowing its scope.
- General remarks: Deionized water is used for all steps except for the stage of washing/rinsing of the final product. Here, highly purified water having a limited bacteria content (according to European Pharmacopoeia 4) is used.
- Analytical Procedures: Silver concentration is detected by AAS (Atomic absorption spectroscopy); XRF (X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy) is used for detection of residual platinum and silver contents. The alkali ions (Na+, K+ etc) as well as the NO3 - content are determined by ion chromatography (IC).
- 106.4 g of potassium chloroplatinate K2PtCl4 (0.256 mol; Pt-content 47.0 wt.-%; corresponding to 50.0 g Pt, supplier Umicore) are placed into a 5 I polypropylene tank and dissolved in 5 I of deionized water. Thereafter, 30 g of trans-/-1, 2-cyclohexane-diamine [(R,R)-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane, CAS No. 20439-47-8], optical purity 99.5%) is added and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 6 hours. The yellow product (DACH)PtCl2 precipitates and is isolated by filtration over a filter unit. The filter cake is washed with deionized water, methanol and acetone and dried by vacuum for 4 hours. Yield > 95%.
- 8 I of deionized water are charged into a 20 I polypropylene tank and 81.6 g silver sulfate Ag2SO4 (0.26 mol; supplier Umicore) are added under stirring. Then, the Pt complex (DACH)PtCl2 as prepared in step a), is added and the resulting suspension is stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. The precipitated AgCl is removed by filtration (step b')). Before start of filtration, a suspension of activated carbon is applied over the filter paper. The filter cake is washed with deionized water and collected for Pt recovery. The filtrate contains the (DACH)Pt(aquo)2-(II)-sulfate complex, which is used in step c).
- The filtrate obtained from step b) (approx. 10-12 I), containing the (DACH)Pt(aquo)2-(II)-sulfate complex, is placed in a 20 I polypropylene tank. Thereafter, 32.4 g of oxalic acid dihydrate (H2C2O4 x 2 H2O; 0.26 mol) and 81.6 g barium hydroxide octahydrate (Ba(OH)2. x 8 H2O; 0.26 mol) are added under stirring. The reaction mixture is stirred for 20 hours at room temperature. The pH of the suspension is maintained at about pH = 6. Then the filtration of the precipitated BaSO4 is conducted through a filter unit (step c')). Before start of filtration, a suspension of activated carbon is applied over the filter paper. The filter cake is washed with 1.5 I of deionized water and collected for Pt recovery.
- The resulting solution is evaporated in a Rotavapor at 40°C to almost dryness, whereby the oxaliplatin precipitates. The resulting precipitate is washed with 0.2-0.3 I of cold highly purified water (free of bacteria) and then with acetone. To protect the product against light, these operations are conducted under low intensity light. Finally, the product is dried under vacuum for 2 hours. The total yield of pure product is 65 %.
- The product is thereafter analyzed for impurities. Typically, the Ag content as detected by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is < 5 ppm, preferably < 3.5 ppm. If necessary, a recrystallisation step in purified water is added. In this example, the nitrate content is < 1 ppm as detected by ion chromatography.
- This Example is conducted according to Example 1, however, barium oxalate (BaC2O4) is used instead of barium hydroxide and oxalic acid (i.e. step c) is employed).
- Barium oxalate is prepared separately by reacting equimolar portions of oxalic acid dihydrate (H2C2O4 x 2 H2O) and barium hydroxide octahydrate (Ba(OH)2. x 8 H2O) in deionized water. After reaction, the precipitated barium oxalate is isolated by filtration and dried prior to use.
- The filtrate obtained in Example 1, step b) containing the (DACH)Pt(aquo)2-(II)-sulfate complex (approx. 10-12 I), is placed in a 20 I polypropylene tank. Thereafter 58.8 g of barium oxalate (BaC2O4, 0.26 mol) are added under stirring. The reaction mixture is stirred for 20 hours at room temperature. The pH of the suspension is maintained at about pH = 6.
- The further isolation of the product is conducted as described in Example 1.
Claims (10)
- A process for preparing oxaliplatin (cis-oxalato-(trans-/-1, 2-cyclohexanediamine)-platinum-II) of the structural formula I:a) reacting potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) [K2PtCl4] with trans-/-1,2-cyclohexanediamine to obtain the dichloro-[(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexandiamine-N,N']-platinum(II) complex,b) reacting the dichloro-[(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexandiamine-N,N']-platinum(II) complex with silver sulfate (Ag2SO4) to obtain [(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexandiamine-N,N']-platinum(II)-diaquo sulphate and silver chloride (AgCl),c) reacting the [(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexandiamine-N,N']-platinum(II)-diaquo-sulfate with barium oxalate (BaC2O4) to yield oxaliplatin (cis-oxalato-(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexane-diamine)-platinum-II) and barium sulfate.
- A process for preparing oxaliplatin (cis-oxalato-(trans-/-1, 2-cyclohexanediamine)-platinum-II) of the structural formula I comprising the following steps:a) reacting potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) [K2PtCl4] with trans-/-1,2-cyclohexanediamine to obtain the dichloro-[(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexane-diamine-N,N']-platinum(II) complex,b) reacting the dichloro-[(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexandiamine-N,N']-platinum(II) complex with silver sulfate (Ag2SO4) to obtain [(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexandiamine-N,N']-platinum(II)-diaquosulfate and silver chloride (AgCl),c1) reacting the [(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexandiamine-N,N']-platinum(II)-diaquo-sulfate with equimolar portions of barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) and oxalic acid (H2C2O4) to obtain oxaliplatin (cis-oxalato-(trans-/-1,2-cyclohexane-diamine)-platinum-II) and barium sulfate (BaSO4).
- The process according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a step b') for the removal of silver chloride.
- The process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a step c') for the removal of barium sulfate.
- The process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a step d) for the isolation and/or purification of the oxaliplatin product.
- The process according to claim 1, wherein after addition of barium oxalate (BaC2O4) the pH is adjusted to the range of pH = 4 - 7, preferably to the range of pH = 5 - 6.5.
- The process according to claim 2, wherein after addition of oxalic acid (H2C2O4) and barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) the pH is adjusted to the range of pH = 4 - 7, preferably to the range of pH = 5 - 6.5.
- The process according to claim 2, wherein in step c1 the barium oxalate (BaC2O4) is formed in situ in the reaction mixture.
- The process according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the removal of silver chloride (AgCl) in step b') and the removal of barium sulfate (BaSO4) in step c') is performed by filtration.
- The process according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the isolation and/or purification of the oxaliplatin product in step d) is performed by solvent evaporation.
Priority Applications (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP09008348A EP2208731B1 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2009-06-26 | Process for preparation of 1,2-diamino-cyclohexane-platinum(II) complexes |
TW099116657A TW201111389A (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-05-25 | Process for preparation of 1,2-diamino-cyclohexane-platinum(II) complexes |
KR1020117030431A KR20120029436A (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-22 | Process for preparation of 1,2-diamino-cyclohexane-platinum(ii) complexes |
MX2011013063A MX2011013063A (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-22 | Process for preparation of 1,2-diamino-cyclohexane-platinum (ii) complexes. |
US13/376,791 US8637692B2 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-22 | Process for preparation of 1,2-diamino-cyclohexane-platinum (II) complexes |
BRPI1014763A BRPI1014763A2 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-22 | process for the preparation of 1,2-diamino-cyclohexane-platinum complexes (ii) |
PCT/EP2010/003753 WO2010149337A1 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-22 | Process for preparation of 1,2-diamino-cyclohexane-platinum (ii) complexes |
CN2010800283354A CN102803279A (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-22 | Process for preparation of 1,2-diamino-cyclohexane-platinum (ii) complexes |
JP2012516565A JP2012530737A (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-22 | Process for producing 1,2-diamino-cyclohexane-platinum (II) complex |
UY0001032733A UY32733A (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-24 | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF COMPLEXES OF 1,2-DIAMINOCICLOHEXANO-PLATINO (II) |
ARP100102279A AR077249A1 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF COMPLEXES OF 1,2- AMINO-CICLOHEXANO- PLATINO (II) |
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EP09008348A EP2208731B1 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2009-06-26 | Process for preparation of 1,2-diamino-cyclohexane-platinum(II) complexes |
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EP2208731A1 EP2208731A1 (en) | 2010-07-21 |
EP2208731B1 true EP2208731B1 (en) | 2012-08-15 |
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EP09008348A Not-in-force EP2208731B1 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2009-06-26 | Process for preparation of 1,2-diamino-cyclohexane-platinum(II) complexes |
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US (1) | US8637692B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2208731B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2012530737A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20120029436A (en) |
CN (1) | CN102803279A (en) |
AR (1) | AR077249A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI1014763A2 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2011013063A (en) |
TW (1) | TW201111389A (en) |
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WO (1) | WO2010149337A1 (en) |
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JPS6041077B2 (en) | 1976-09-06 | 1985-09-13 | 喜徳 喜谷 | Cis platinum(2) complex of 1,2-diaminocyclohexane isomer |
CA1339034C (en) * | 1988-08-22 | 1997-04-01 | Paul A. Tremblay | Platinum complexes of single isomer neoalkyl acids |
JPH0776230B2 (en) | 1992-01-13 | 1995-08-16 | 田中貴金属工業株式会社 | Method for producing platinum compound |
JP3154399B2 (en) | 1996-07-04 | 2001-04-09 | デビオファーム エス.アー. | Method for producing platinum compound |
KR100246722B1 (en) | 1997-12-30 | 2000-04-01 | 박호군 | Oral platium(iv) antitumor agents and their preparation method |
ES2183714B1 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2004-01-16 | Desynth S A | A PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF OXALATE (1R, 2R-CYCLHEXANODIAMINE) -PLATINO (II). |
WO2003004505A1 (en) | 2001-07-02 | 2003-01-16 | Debiopharm S.A. | Oxaliplatin active substance with a very low content of oxalic acid |
DE10226592B4 (en) * | 2002-06-14 | 2004-07-29 | Faustus Forschungs Cie. Translational Cancer Research Gmbh | Anti-tumor platinum (II) oxalato complexes |
CZ297703B6 (en) | 2003-10-17 | 2007-03-07 | Pliva-Lachema A.S. | Oxaliplatin with low content of accompanying impurities and process for preparing thereof |
DE102004005906B3 (en) | 2004-02-05 | 2005-09-29 | W.C. Heraeus Gmbh | Process for the preparation of 1,2-diaminocylohexane-platinum (II) complexes |
US7608730B2 (en) * | 2004-02-05 | 2009-10-27 | Fresenius Kabi Oncology Limited | Process for the preparation of an anti-tumor platinum (II)—complex |
CN1634946A (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2005-07-06 | 昆明贵金属研究所 | Platinum complex for treating cancer and method for making same |
AU2006344273A1 (en) * | 2006-06-08 | 2007-12-13 | Vuab Pharma A.S. | A process for the preparation of an oxaliplatin |
CN1948323A (en) * | 2006-11-03 | 2007-04-18 | 昆明贵研药业有限公司 | Platinum (II)- anticancer compound using 2-hydroxy-1,3-propane diamine as carrier group |
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- 2010-06-22 MX MX2011013063A patent/MX2011013063A/en active IP Right Grant
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- 2010-06-24 UY UY0001032733A patent/UY32733A/en unknown
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JP2012530737A (en) | 2012-12-06 |
WO2010149337A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
US20130131368A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 |
CN102803279A (en) | 2012-11-28 |
MX2011013063A (en) | 2012-06-27 |
TW201111389A (en) | 2011-04-01 |
AR077249A1 (en) | 2011-08-10 |
KR20120029436A (en) | 2012-03-26 |
US8637692B2 (en) | 2014-01-28 |
EP2208731A1 (en) | 2010-07-21 |
BRPI1014763A2 (en) | 2016-04-19 |
UY32733A (en) | 2010-12-31 |
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