EP2205373B1 - Deep-drawing device - Google Patents

Deep-drawing device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2205373B1
EP2205373B1 EP08804209.8A EP08804209A EP2205373B1 EP 2205373 B1 EP2205373 B1 EP 2205373B1 EP 08804209 A EP08804209 A EP 08804209A EP 2205373 B1 EP2205373 B1 EP 2205373B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
deep
tool
plate
workpiece
projections
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Not-in-force
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EP08804209.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2205373A2 (en
Inventor
Michael Matheisl
Thomas Novacek
Peter Khu
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Inventio AG
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Inventio AG
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Priority to EP08804209.8A priority Critical patent/EP2205373B1/en
Publication of EP2205373A2 publication Critical patent/EP2205373A2/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/26—Deep-drawing for making peculiarly, e.g. irregularly, shaped articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D13/00—Corrugating sheet metal, rods or profiles; Bending sheet metal, rods or profiles into wave form
    • B21D13/02—Corrugating sheet metal, rods or profiles; Bending sheet metal, rods or profiles into wave form by pressing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a thermoforming apparatus and a method with a corresponding thermoforming apparatus.
  • Thermoforming is generally understood to mean tensile pressure forming or pressure forming of flat-shaped workpieces to form a hollow body that is open on one side or even the formation of bulges in the surface of the flat-shaped workpiece by a punch pressing the workpiece into a corresponding die.
  • Deep-drawing in the latter form is used, for example, in the production of steps or of tread elements and setting elements of escalators or of pallets of moving walkways.
  • a tread element forms the tread or footing for a user of the escalator or the moving walk and a setting element forms the visible end of the step in the inclined part of the escalator.
  • the formation of a web / groove profile is achieved in the said elements, which is stiffer and narrow despite its low weight, as it can be achieved by embossing or printing or rolling process.
  • the web profile or groove profile is provided with a plurality, from about 88 to about 112, of webs and grooves in an escalator step or pavement pallet to ensure a better level of the user and allow liquids, especially water, to run off.
  • the preferred narrow web / groove profile is achieved by a thermoforming plate with projections, for example in the form of teeth, prongs or teeth, out and relatively or comparatively and / or cooperatively and / or compatible against a Tool with recesses, for example in the form of grooves, is moved.
  • a thermoforming plate with projections for example in the form of teeth, prongs or teeth, out and relatively or comparatively and / or cooperatively and / or compatible against a Tool with recesses, for example in the form of grooves, is moved.
  • Comparative means that both the tool can be pressed against a fixed thermoforming plate, as well as a movable thermoforming plate against a stationary tool.
  • the tool may have the projections and the thermoforming plate recesses and thus vice versa be equipped.
  • Basic is only that projections are pressed into corresponding, complementary recesses.
  • JP-A-62270224 discloses a pressing device in which the steel sheet is pressed onto a single ridge tool or embossing tool and so each ridge is formed individually one after the other. The corresponding movements are implemented by the interaction of inclined surfaces.
  • EP 0 960 664 A1 is a deep-drawing device is known, which is constructed so that in each case several ribs are deep-drawn simultaneously in a sheet by a plurality of juxtaposed stamp.
  • the corresponding stroke of the deep-drawing device causes a first group of eg two ribs to be deep-drawn in a first partial stroke.
  • a second group of eg two ribs is then deep-drawn.
  • thermoforming device or process steps which allows simultaneous production of several, preferably all desirable webs and thus cheaper and faster than previously usual and in use.
  • the inventive solution of the problem lies in the combination of deep drawing with a previous adjustability and displaceability of the lamellar gaps of the tool from a receiving position to an end position for forming the web profile or groove profile.
  • the receiving position is designed so that a wavy shaped or profiled sheet or deep-drawn sheet with its troughs or Profile valleys in the open, the receiving position corresponding lamellar gaps recording takes place.
  • the subsequent adjustment of the tool from the receiving position to the end position means a closing of the lamellar gaps, which causes a folding of the sheet or deep-drawn sheet metal.
  • the tool according to the invention is in the final position, which holds the recesses corresponding to the projections for the actual deep-drawing process. This allows the simultaneous deep drawing of each groove or each web possible.
  • the sheet or the deep-drawn sheet which lies with its final tread side down in the thermoforming device, more material available. This in turn is a new multiple and closely spaced, simultaneously deep drawing possible.
  • the accuracy of the final product or workpiece is increased because the tolerances of each ridge as in the Scriptures JP-A-62270224 revealed, do not add up or sum up.
  • a preferred embodiment of a deep-drawing device essentially comprises a base plate, a deep-drawing plate, a counter-plate to the latter and a tool.
  • the three plates are equipped with a common guide.
  • the thermoforming plate and the counter plate enclose the tool with a workpiece lying thereon.
  • a second drive then presses in one Direction corresponding to a second axis, which corresponds to the common leadership of the plates, the deep-drawing plate against the counter-plate or vice versa.
  • the inventive deep-drawing device also has a further, first guide and a further, first drive.
  • This first drive is by means of the first guide able to compress the tool in a direction corresponding to a first, perpendicular to the second axis.
  • the latter compression results in a closing of recesses, which are arranged on the tool. This in turn makes it possible to fold the workpiece lying on the tool.
  • the drives can be realized for example hydraulically or electrically or via eccentric and the tool can for example consist of slats arranged slidably. These lamellae can in turn run in a separate guide and preferably have two different thicknesses in their respective cross-sectional profile. The lower of the two is oriented towards the deep-drawing plate.
  • This preferred embodiment of the slats causes the slats can be pressed against their greater strength with maximum pressure and thus the smaller strength automatically forms the recess.
  • This configuration has the consequence that a higher dimensional accuracy of the recesses is achieved by a higher bending strength of the slats during the stress of deep drawing.
  • the design or the shape of the slender lamella also prevents a jumping out or loosening of the workpiece from the processing surface or from the slender lamella.
  • the displacement movement of the slats is further preferably coupled with compression springs between the individual slats. That is, it should preferably only the Clash of the first and second sip trigger the movement of the second sipe, subsequently the third sipe, the fourth sipe and so on.
  • the incipient movement of the first lamella transfers to the next lamella.
  • the accordion effect or accordion effect or scissor lattice effect achieved thereby facilitates the folding of the workpiece or the sheet with little force or driving force. As a result, a staggered and successive closure of the recesses is achieved.
  • the opening and removal of the workpiece is smooth and smooth and smooth and easily possible or feasible.
  • compression springs are not arranged between adjacent lamellae, but a compression spring, for example, skips the adjacent lamella and presses only on the next or the next but one.
  • the springs can not be located between two adjacent slats for reasons of space.
  • thermoforming device with a tool with adjustable recesses provides that the recesses can not open beyond a predetermined, open receiving position for the workpiece.
  • a wire or a flexible cable is arranged, which connects or the individual slats.
  • This wire or cable allows one hand, the complete closure of the slats until they abut each other, and on the other hand no opening of the slats, which exceeds the length of the wire / cable sections connecting them.
  • a person skilled in the art is free to integrate other travel limitations, for example in the form of pawls, hooks or links, which achieve substantially the same effect.
  • the deep-drawing device according to the invention or the deep-drawing method according to the invention are in any case adaptable with regard to the dimensions of the projections in relation to the dimensions of the recesses, so that the specifications of the standards can be met in interaction with the exemplified materials.
  • This adaptability can for example be given by the fact that the thermoforming plate and the individual slats are interchangeable.
  • the inventive deep-drawing device works, for example, with corrugated preformed sheets.
  • Another advantage of the invention is the simplified removal of the workpiece.
  • the workpiece or the tread element or the setting element can be manually removed from the thermoforming device, easier and faster and is a manipulation by means of ejectors or forced air blower, picking up the workpiece and out of the recess and / or out of the slats.
  • the workpiece or the tread element or the setting element is gripped by a gripper or a robot arm or a sheet metal manipulator and removed from the thermoforming device.
  • the workpieces or tread elements or setting elements are stored and / or sizing and / or stacked and / or stacked and / or accumulated and / or accumulated and / or palletized.
  • a planar surface on which the wave projections can slide during folding is formed in that the deep-drawing projections in the deep-drawing plate can be lowered. This countersinking is preferably done so that the lower end face of the projections with the underside of the deep-drawing plate forms a flat surface.
  • the invention is equally applicable to parts of escalators and parts of moving walkways.
  • parts for steps and parts for pallets can be produced equally.
  • thermoforming device or further or advantageous variants of a deep-drawing process with a corresponding thermoforming device, form the subject of the dependent claims.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows an inventive deep-drawing device 100.
  • a deep-drawing plate 110 with a bottom 113 are arranged on the projections 112, a counter-plate 130 and a base plate 140 are guided together in guides 122a to 122d.
  • guides 122a to 122d or along a deep-drawing axis A 2 , acts a drive not shown in detail with a driving force F 2 so that the deep-drawing plate 110 and the counter-plate 130 can be pressed relative to each other.
  • a tool 106 includes louvers 101, which in an open receiving position PA shown here Tool 106 slat gaps 102 and recesses 103 form.
  • lamellar gaps 102 are adjustable because a punch 120, driven by a further, second, not shown drive with a driving force F1 along a perpendicular to the deep-drawing axis A2 folding axis A1 acts so that the lamellae 101 along a Lateral guide 121 are movable.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows the inventive thermoforming device 100 in a closed end position PE.
  • the fins 101 abut each other. This movement corresponds to a folding operation of a wavy preformed sheet, which was previously inserted between the tool 106 and the deep drawing plate 110.
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows the inventive thermoforming device 100 of the FIGS. 1 and 2 , wherein the counter-plate 130 is pressed against the deep-drawing plate 110. This movement corresponds to a thermoforming process according to Fig. 2 folded sheets.
  • a part of the tool 106 is shown in the open receiving position PA. It can be seen that the lamellae 101 form two different strengths and a cam 127 is arranged at the transition from the lesser to the greater magnitude. Springs 104 are arranged so that they are mounted in a bearing on a blade 101 and, through the adjacent blade, on the next blade. Furthermore, travel limits in the form of wire or cable elements 105 are shown, which are in the shown open receiving position PA of the tool 106 under tension and prevent further opening of the lamellar gaps 102.
  • the open receiving position PA shown further illustrates that the slat gaps 102 and the Recesses 103 form a width 107 whose center is in a certain position P1 to a stop 129 of the tool 106.
  • the deep-drawing plate 110 with the projections or teeth 112, wherein it can be seen that the teeth 112 do not correspond or coincidentally with the recesses 103.
  • a workpiece 10 in the form of a wavy preformed sheet lies with its wave troughs in the recesses 103, so that a subsequent closing of the slat gaps 102 according to the driving force F1, the sheet 10 folds.
  • an optional compressed air device 108 is indicated which presses the sheet 10 into the recesses 103.
  • Fig. 5 shows the part of the tool 106 Fig. 4 in the closed end position PE.
  • Fig. 5 is on the same sheet as Fig. 4 so that it can be seen that not only the original width 107 of the recess 103 has been reduced to a width 107 ', but also the position P1 has moved with respect to the stop 129 in a position P2. Furthermore, it can be seen that the lamellae 101 abut each other at their greater strength and thus the recesses 103 is formed only by the less developed thickness of the lamellae 101. The position of the recesses 103 now corresponds, in contrast to Fig. 4 , with teeth 112 for deep drawing. Furthermore, it is shown that the springs 104 are compressed and the wire or cable elements 105 are no longer under tension.
  • Fig. 6 shows exemplary inventive method steps 2 to 8 or the steps 2 to 8 of an exemplary and inventive processing cycle, starting from a wavy pre-formed sheet 10 according to paragraph 1 and to a deep-drawn sheet 10 "according to paragraph 9. Under the number 1 is the starting product wavy preformed sheet 10 with a plate thickness S shown.
  • Number 2 shows as a first step, the insertion of the sheet 10 in the thermoforming device 100, in such a way that the troughs come to lie on the opened recesses 103.
  • a directional plate 109 is inserted between the plate 10 and the teeth 112 of the deep-drawing plate 110 as an optional enhancement to the subsequent folding operation.
  • Numeral 3 shows as a next step a reduction of a distance D to a degree at which the wave bumps touch the straightening plate 109 and the straightening plate 109 in turn contacts the teeth 112 of the deep-drawing plate 110.
  • Number 5 shows the subsequent opening of the thermoforming device 100, whereupon the directional plate 109 is removed under number 6.
  • Paragraph 8 shows the demoulding and paragraph 9 as a final product a deep-drawn sheet 10 "with a reduced sheet thickness S ', a web height 123, a web width 124 of a web 111 and a groove 114 with a groove width 125.
  • the web 111 has in the sectional view shown Furthermore, the webs 111 have an angle "W" which is between 0 degrees and 17 degrees of inclination, preferably 2 degrees to 11 degrees
  • the beads 128 along the top of the webs 111 are held at small intervals and thereby significantly improve the skid resistance of the users of the tread elements and setting elements.
  • Simultaneous production of the webs 111, including the modification with the beads 128 in one operation improves the manufacturing advantage and saves valuable production times and brings additional productivity. Moreover, the productive work is increased since all the webs 111 are produced and made out at the same time and at the same time. As a result, the production time and manufacturing time of the tread elements and setting elements is accelerated and accelerated. An improvement of the manufacturing process is obvious and is continuous and continuous.
  • the deep-drawing device 100 works, for example, with corrugated preformed sheet metal 10.
  • This can be, for example, a sheet metal panel of about 3200 mm width that has been corrugated so that it only has a width of about 2000 mm.
  • the thus-shaped wave troughs are received and folded by the edges of the recesses 103 on the tool 106.
  • a further embodiment of a deep-drawing device 100 provides that smooth, non-preformed metal sheet 10 can also be used.
  • a smooth sheet 10 is placed on the tool 106, the recesses 103 are in the open receiving position.
  • the deep-drawing plate 110 in turn, in addition to the protrusions 112 for deep drawing retractable stamp elements (not shown), which are responsible for the waves. These stamp members are arranged so as to correspond to the center of the pickup position.
  • the deep-drawing device 100 ie the deep-drawing plate 110 and the counter-plate 130 are then closed, so that the stamping elements pre-deepen the deep-drawn sheet 10 into the open recesses 103, about 2 mm to 5 mm, and thus form wavy.
  • the stamp elements can also be designed so that they only pierce the deep-drawing plate 110 and are not connected to it. In any case, this embodiment provides that the retractable stamp elements are withdrawn after the corrugations of the sheet 10, so that protrude from the deep-drawing plate 110 only the projections for the subsequent subsequent deep-drawing.
  • a second drive with which the sheet 10 is deep-drawn presses, for example, with a pressure between about 200 tons and about 700 tons, preferably about 300 tons.
  • a first drive which folds the sheet 10, compresses the tool 106 and the blades 101 of the tool 106, for example, with a pressure of between about 0.2 tons and about 2.5 tons, preferably about 0.5 tons to 1 ton.
  • the deep-drawing projections preferably have a cross-sectional profile that tapers or widened toward the surface of the deep-drawing plate 110. This may prevent the thermoforming process jamming of the sheet 10 in the recesses 103 of the tool 106. This type of shape also helps in folding the corrugated sheet 10 to hold this in position.
  • the deep drawing plate 110 and the tool 106 are preferably made of a hardened material configured by laser hardening or plasma hardening or induction hardening or coating hardening to ensure consistently precise grooves and ridges even after many machining processes.
  • the edges of the recesses 103 of the tool 106 must remain hard or sharp as long as possible in order to guarantee a secure footing on the webs of the workpiece.
  • An embodiment variant of a deep-drawing device 100 according to the invention provides projections for deep-drawing, the cross-sectional profile of which widens towards the surface of the deep-drawing plate 110. This thus results in deep drawing in the Workpiece 20 depressions or webs, which have a trapezoidal cross-section.
  • a further preferred embodiment of a deep-drawing device 100 has a positive surface profile on the lower side of the deep-drawing plate 110, that is to say between the deep-drawn projections. This presses on reaching the maximum stroke of the deep drawing movement for improved slip resistance of the tread webs some beads or notches in the top of the web. If the sheet 10 is inserted into the thermoforming device 100 so that its final tread is down, so the bottoms of the recesses 103 in the tool 106 corresponding positive surface profiles - for example cams - have. These cams are preferably located at a distance of about 1 to 3 mm above the depth of the deep drawing plate bottom or over the depth of the recess bottoms.
  • thermoforming device 100 An inventive method for deep drawing with previous folding of the corrugated preformed sheet 10 with a described thermoforming device 100 provides an additional process step, which facilitates the folding process.
  • the thermoforming device 100 is closed so far after placing the sheet 10 that at least one wave elevation of the sheet 10 abuts at least one thermoforming projection of the deep-drawing plate 110. This ensures that the wavy preformed sheet 10 is not pushed out of the recesses 103 by the closing of the recesses 103 during folding.
  • the first three to five fins are closed faster and / or more powerful, thus ensuring a tackling or grabbing or access or retention of the workpiece.
  • the workpiece is prevented from being stopped or pushed out by this operation.
  • an optional compressed air device which sucks through holes in the counter plate, the sheet 10 or through holes in the thermoforming plate 110, the sheet 10 blows.
  • inventive optimization of the folding process can optionally be met with a straightening plate, which is introduced, for example, simultaneously with the introduction of wavy preformed sheet 10 between the wave projections of the sheet 10 and the thermoforming projections of the deep drawing 110.
  • the thermoforming device 100 is again closed only until the abutment of the wave projections on the underside of the straightening plate or the abutment of the top of the straightening plate to the deep-drawing projections of the deep-drawing 110.
  • the elevations forming during the subsequent folding process thus slide along the underside of the straightening plate and thereby prevent the sheet 10 from becoming caught in the thermoforming device 100.
  • a deep-drawing plate 110 is used here, which has a first arrangement of projections 112 and stamping elements which can be countersunk in the deep-drawing plate 110.
  • this first arrangement of the projections 112 and the stamp elements are sunk into the deep-drawing plate 110.
  • the flat sheet 10 is inserted between the tool 106 and the deep drawing plate 110.
  • the stamp elements are adjusted so that the flat sheet 10 is formed wavy.
  • the stamp elements are now sunk and it is the distance D between the tool 106 and the deep-drawing plate 110 is reduced so that the wavy shaped sheet 10 rests against a bottom 113 of the deep-drawing 110.
  • the wavy shaped sheet 10 is folded further.
  • the first arrangement of the projections 112 is adjusted, so that the folded sheet 10 is deep-drawn by penetration of the projections 112 of the deep-drawing plate 110 in the end position PE of the recesses 103 of the tool 106.
  • tread elements or setting elements which for example consist of the following individual work cycles: inserting or clamping the workpiece about 0.5 seconds, Folding for about 2 seconds, deep drawing for about 1 second and demoulding (opening, removing workpiece) for about 2 seconds.
  • the deep-drawing device 100 and the method possible with it are, as already mentioned, very well suited for the production of tread elements and setting elements of escalator steps.
  • These elements are made of relatively thin and lightweight sheet metal, which despite its nature and despite or because of the deep drawing must meet the requirements and stress tests of the European standard EN 115 and the American standard ASME A17.1-2004.
  • the stage must withstand a static and a dynamic test. In the static test, the step becomes centered with a force of 3000 N acting perpendicular to the tread element loaded, with a maximum deflection of 4 mm may occur. After the force has been applied, the step must not show any permanent deformation.
  • the stage is loaded centrally with a pulsating force, the force varies between 500 and 3000 N with a frequency of 5 to 20 Hz and lasts at least 5 x 10 6 cycles.
  • the step may have a permanent deformation of not more than 4 mm.
  • sheet-formed is used to describe both pre-corrugated and flat sheet metal. This can be very generally sheets 10, be it heatsinks or sheets for the production of radiators or facade elements, solar panels, steel stairs, scaffolding or stage elements.
  • These steel grades are based essentially on the strength-increasing effect of microalloying additives such as niobium and / or titanium and / or manganese and / or nickel.
  • microalloying additives such as niobium and / or titanium and / or manganese and / or nickel.
  • all commercially available deep-drawn sheets are suitable, but also microalloyed steel sheets or sheets made of stainless steel, copper, aluminum and alloys thereof.
  • the ratio of the sheet thickness (0.25 mm to 0.75 mm) to the deep drawing height is preferably in the ratio 18 to 39.
  • the sheet thickness, but also the dimensions of the sheet metal panel are on the one hand chosen so that they meet the standards. On the other hand, however, so that the deformation by folding and deep drawing directly results in a stepping or setting element with the desired dimensions.
  • the ridge width is, for example, between about 2.5 mm and about 5 mm, preferably about 2.6 mm and the groove width between about 5 mm and about 7 mm, preferably about 6.4 mm.
  • the tool 106 (adjustable) recesses 103 and the deep drawing plate 110 have projections.
  • the reverse, namely projections on the tool 106 and the (adjustable) recesses on the deep-drawing plate 110, can also be realized, in which case, however, a guide for an adjustability of the recesses must be provided for the deep-drawing plate 110.
  • the webs preferably have an angle "W" between the 0 degrees and 17 degrees inclination, preferably 2 degrees to 11 degrees.
  • the inventive deep-drawing device 100 thus enables a method according to the invention, in which the workpiece 10 is inserted or clamped, then folded by the closing of the recesses 103 and only then deep-drawn.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Tiefziehvorrichtung und ein Verfahren mit einer entsprechenden Tiefziehvorrichtung.The present invention relates to a thermoforming apparatus and a method with a corresponding thermoforming apparatus.

Unter Tiefziehen versteht man im Allgemeinen ein Zugdruckumformen bzw. Druckumformen von flächig ausgeformten Werkstücken zu einem einseitig offenen Hohlkörper oder auch nur die Ausformung von Ausbuchtungen in der Oberfläche des flächig ausgeformten Werkstückes, indem ein Stempel das Werkstück in eine entsprechende Matrize presst.Thermoforming is generally understood to mean tensile pressure forming or pressure forming of flat-shaped workpieces to form a hollow body that is open on one side or even the formation of bulges in the surface of the flat-shaped workpiece by a punch pressing the workpiece into a corresponding die.

Das Tiefziehen in letztgenannter Form findet beispielsweise bei der Herstellung von Stufen bzw. von Trittelementen und Setzelementen von Fahrtreppen oder von Paletten von Fahrsteigen Anwendung. Ein Trittelement bildet die Trittfläche bzw. Standfläche für einen Benutzer der Fahrtreppe oder des Fahrsteiges und ein Setzelement bildet die sichtbare Stirnseite der Stufe im Schrägteil der Fahrtreppe. Durch das Tiefziehen wird bei den genannten Elementen die Ausformung eines Steg-/Rillenprofils erreicht, das trotz seines geringen Gewichtes steifer und enger ist, als es durch Prägeverfahren oder Druckverfahren oder Rollverfahren erreicht werden kann. Weiters ist das Stegprofil bzw. Rillenprofil mit einer Vielzahl, von zirka 88 bis etwa 112, von Stegen und Rillen bei einer Fahrtreppenstufe bzw. Fahrsteigpalette versehen, um einen besseren Stand des Benutzers zu gewährleisten und um Flüssigkeiten, insbesondere Wasser, abrinnen zulassen.Deep-drawing in the latter form is used, for example, in the production of steps or of tread elements and setting elements of escalators or of pallets of moving walkways. A tread element forms the tread or footing for a user of the escalator or the moving walk and a setting element forms the visible end of the step in the inclined part of the escalator. By deep drawing, the formation of a web / groove profile is achieved in the said elements, which is stiffer and narrow despite its low weight, as it can be achieved by embossing or printing or rolling process. Furthermore, the web profile or groove profile is provided with a plurality, from about 88 to about 112, of webs and grooves in an escalator step or pavement pallet to ensure a better level of the user and allow liquids, especially water, to run off.

Das bevorzugt enge Steg-/Rillenprofil wird erreicht, indem eine Tiefziehplatte mit Vorsprüngen, beispielsweise in Form von Zähnen, Zinken oder Zacken, geführt und relativ bzw. komparativ und/oder kooperativ und/oder kompatibel gegen ein Werkzeug mit Ausnehmungen, beispielsweise in Form von Rillen, verfahren wird. Komparativ bedeutet, dass sowohl das Werkzeug gegen eine feststehende Tiefziehplatte gepresst werden kann, als auch eine bewegliche Tiefziehplatte gegen ein feststehendes Werkzeug. Auch kann das Werkzeug die Vorsprünge und die Tiefziehplatte die Ausnehmungen aufweisen und somit vice versa ausgestattet sein. Grundlegend ist nur, dass Vorsprünge in korrespondierende, komplementäre Ausnehmungen gepresst werden.The preferred narrow web / groove profile is achieved by a thermoforming plate with projections, for example in the form of teeth, prongs or teeth, out and relatively or comparatively and / or cooperatively and / or compatible against a Tool with recesses, for example in the form of grooves, is moved. Comparative means that both the tool can be pressed against a fixed thermoforming plate, as well as a movable thermoforming plate against a stationary tool. Also, the tool may have the projections and the thermoforming plate recesses and thus vice versa be equipped. Basic is only that projections are pressed into corresponding, complementary recesses.

Ein allgemeiner Nachteil des Tiefziehens ist jedoch, dass die nötige "Materialumformfliessgrenze" einer kostengünstigen, serien-industriellen Fertigung im Wege stehen kann. Bei gleichzeitigem Tiefziehen von mehreren, bevorzugt eng aneinandergereihten Rillen ist die Reissfestigkeit bzw. Streckgrenze bzw. Bruchfestigkeitsgrenze des Materials schnell überschritten. Demzufolge ist beispielsweise in der Schrift JP-A-62270224 eine Drückvorrichtung offenbart, bei der das StahlBlech auf ein einzelnes Stegwerkzeug bzw. Prägewerkzeug draufgedrückt wird und so nacheinander jeder Steg einzeln geformt wird. Die entsprechenden Bewegungsabläufe werden durch das Zusammenwirken von schrägen Flächen umgesetzt.A common drawback of deep drawing, however, is that the necessary "material forming flow limit" can stand in the way of cost-effective, series-industrial production. With simultaneous deep drawing of several, preferably closely aligned grooves the tear strength or yield strength or breaking strength limit of the material is quickly exceeded. Consequently, for example, in the Scriptures JP-A-62270224 discloses a pressing device in which the steel sheet is pressed onto a single ridge tool or embossing tool and so each ridge is formed individually one after the other. The corresponding movements are implemented by the interaction of inclined surfaces.

Aus der Publikationsschrift US 4,635,462 A1 ist eine Tiefziehvorrichtung bekannt, die so aufgebaut ist, dass es beim Tiefziehen eines Blechs zu zwei sich überlagernden Bewegungen kommt. Einerseits findet eine Seitwärtsbewegung der beweglich gelagerten Stempel des Tiefziehwerkzeugs statt wodurch das Blech "zusammengerafft" wird. Andererseits werden die Stempel des Tiefziehwerkzeugs gegen das tiefzuziehenden Blech und in Zwischenräume eines gegenüberliegenden Werkzeugs gedrückt. In diesem Moment findet das Tiefziehen statt. Diese Abläufe überlagern sich zum Teil und werden durch eine Schliessbewegung der Tiefziehvorrichtung ausgelöst. Diese Schliessbewegung wird durch das Zusammenwirken von schrägen Flächen zum Teil in die Seitwärtsbewegung umgesetzt. Es wird als ein Nachteil dieses Ansatzes angesehen, dass die Bewegungsabläufe und die auftretenden Kräfte nur ungenau kontrollierbar sind. Dadurch ist keine ausreichende Reproduzierbarkeit des Tiefziehprozesses gegeben.From the publication US 4,635,462 A1 is known a deep-drawing device, which is constructed so that it comes in deep drawing a sheet to two overlapping movements. On the one hand, a sideways movement of the movably mounted stamp of the thermoforming tool takes place whereby the sheet is "gathered". On the other hand, the punches of the deep-drawing tool are pressed against the deep-drawn sheet metal and into gaps of an opposing tool. At this moment, the deep drawing takes place. These processes overlap in part and are triggered by a closing movement of the thermoforming device. This closing movement is partially converted into sideways movement by the interaction of inclined surfaces. It is considered a disadvantage of this Approach considered that the movements and the forces occurring are only inaccurately controlled. As a result, there is no sufficient reproducibility of the deep drawing process.

Aus der Publikationsschrift EP 0 960 664 A1 ist eine Tiefziehvorrichtung bekannt, die so aufgebaut ist, dass jeweils mehrere Rippen zeitgleich in einem Blech durch mehrere nebeneinander stehende Stempel tiefgezogen werden. Der entsprechende Hub der Tiefziehvorrichtung führt dazu, dass in einem ersten Teilhub eine erste Gruppe von z.B. zwei Rippen tiefgezogen werden. In einem zweiten Teilhub wird dann eine zweite Gruppe von z.B. zwei Rippen tiefgezogen.From the publication EP 0 960 664 A1 is a deep-drawing device is known, which is constructed so that in each case several ribs are deep-drawn simultaneously in a sheet by a plurality of juxtaposed stamp. The corresponding stroke of the deep-drawing device causes a first group of eg two ribs to be deep-drawn in a first partial stroke. In a second partial stroke, a second group of eg two ribs is then deep-drawn.

Aus der Patentschrift US 2,948,325 ist eine Vorrichtung bekannt, die zum Herstellen von gewellten Blechen ausgelegt ist. Dabei werden Schritt für Schritt Wellen in das Blech eingeprägt, wobei sich die Länge des Blechs aufgrund des Wellenverlaufs Schritt für Schritt verkürzt.From the patent US 2,948,325 a device is known which is designed for the production of corrugated sheets. In this case, waves are impressed step by step into the sheet, wherein the length of the sheet due to the waveform shortens step by step.

Ausgehend von dem Stand der Technik und dem allgemeinen Problem der "Materialumformfliessgrenze" beim Tiefziehen stellte sich die Aufgabe, eine Tiefziehvorrichtung bzw. Verfahrensschritte zu finden, die eine gleichzeitige Fertigung mehrerer, vorzugsweise aller erwünschten Stege ermöglicht und somit kostengünstiger und schneller ist, als bisher üblich und gebräuchlich.Based on the prior art and the general problem of "Materialumformfliessgrenze" during deep drawing, the task was to find a thermoforming device or process steps, which allows simultaneous production of several, preferably all desirable webs and thus cheaper and faster than previously usual and in use.

Die erfindungsgemässe Lösung der Aufgabe liegt in der Kombination von Tiefziehen mit einer vorherigen Verstellbarkeit und Verschiebbarkeit der Lamellenlücken des Werkzeuges von einer Aufnahmeposition zu einer Endposition zur Formung des Stegprofils bzw. Rillenprofils. Die Aufnahmeposition ist so ausgestaltet, dass ein wellig ausgeformtes bzw. profiliertes Blech bzw. Tiefziehblech mit seinen Wellentälern bzw. Profiltälern in den geöffneten, der Aufnahmeposition entsprechenden Lamellenlücken Aufnahme findet. Die anschliessende Verstellung des Werkzeuges von der Aufnahmeposition in die Endposition bedeutet ein Schliessen der Lamellenlücken, das ein Falten des Bleches bzw. Tiefziehbleches bewirkt. Somit steht das Werkzeug erfindungsgemäss in der Endposition, die für den eigentlichen Tiefziehvorgang den Vorsprüngen korrespondierende Ausnehmungen bereithält. Dadurch wird das gleichzeitige Tiefziehen jeder einzelnen Rille oder jedes einzelnen Steges möglich. Somit hat das Blech bzw. das Tiefziehblech, welches mit seiner endgültigen Trittseite nach unten in der Tiefziehvorrichtung liegt, mehr Material zur Verfügung. Dadurch wiederum ist neu ein mehrfaches und eng beabstandetes, gleichzeitig erfolgendes Tiefziehen möglich.The inventive solution of the problem lies in the combination of deep drawing with a previous adjustability and displaceability of the lamellar gaps of the tool from a receiving position to an end position for forming the web profile or groove profile. The receiving position is designed so that a wavy shaped or profiled sheet or deep-drawn sheet with its troughs or Profile valleys in the open, the receiving position corresponding lamellar gaps recording takes place. The subsequent adjustment of the tool from the receiving position to the end position means a closing of the lamellar gaps, which causes a folding of the sheet or deep-drawn sheet metal. Thus, the tool according to the invention is in the final position, which holds the recesses corresponding to the projections for the actual deep-drawing process. This allows the simultaneous deep drawing of each groove or each web possible. Thus, the sheet or the deep-drawn sheet, which lies with its final tread side down in the thermoforming device, more material available. This in turn is a new multiple and closely spaced, simultaneously deep drawing possible.

Dieses neue Verfahren ist schneller, kostengünstiger als bisherige und bietet erhöhte Reserven bis zur Reissfestigkeitsgrenze.This new process is faster, less expensive than previous ones and offers increased reserves up to the breaking strength limit.

Weiters wird die Genauigkeit des Endproduktes bzw. Werkstückes erhöht, da die Toleranzen jedes einzelnen Steges wie in der Schrift JP-A-62270224 offenbart, sich nicht addieren bzw. aufsummieren. Bei dem neuen, erfindungsgemässen Tiefziehverfahren gibt es keine Summentoleranzen aus Einzelfertigung der Stege des Trittelementes bzw. Setzelementes, wodurch auch keine aufwendige Nacharbeit bzw. Einrichtarbeit bzw. Kalibrierarbeit bzw. Einrenkarbeit nötig ist.Furthermore, the accuracy of the final product or workpiece is increased because the tolerances of each ridge as in the Scriptures JP-A-62270224 revealed, do not add up or sum up. In the new deep-drawing process according to the invention, there are no sum tolerances resulting from the individual production of the webs of the tread element or setting element, which means that no elaborate rework or set-up work or calibration work or interpolation work is necessary.

Eine bevorzugte Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemässen Tiefziehvorrichtung umfasst im Wesentlichen eine Grundplatte, eine Tiefziehplatte, eine Gegenplatte zu der Letzteren und ein Werkzeug. Die drei Platten sind mit einer gemeinsamen Führung ausgestattet. Die Tiefziehplatte und die Gegenplatte schliessen das Werkzeug mit einem darauf liegenden Werkstück ein. Ein zweiter Antrieb presst dann, in einer Richtung entsprechend einer zweiten Achse, die der gemeinsamen Führung der Platten entspricht, die Tiefziehplatte gegen die Gegenplatte oder umgekehrt. Die erfindungsgemässe Tiefziehvorrichtung weist darüber hinaus eine weitere, erste Führung und einen weiteren, ersten Antrieb auf. Dieser erste Antrieb ist mittels der ersten Führung in der Lage, das Werkzeug in einer Richtung zusammenzupressen, die einer ersten, senkrecht zur zweiten stehenden Achse entspricht. Das letztgenannte Zusammenpressen hat ein Schliessen von Ausnehmungen zur Folge, die an dem Werkzeug angeordnet sind. Dadurch wiederum ist ein Falten des auf dem Werkzeug liegenden Werkstücks möglich.A preferred embodiment of a deep-drawing device according to the invention essentially comprises a base plate, a deep-drawing plate, a counter-plate to the latter and a tool. The three plates are equipped with a common guide. The thermoforming plate and the counter plate enclose the tool with a workpiece lying thereon. A second drive then presses in one Direction corresponding to a second axis, which corresponds to the common leadership of the plates, the deep-drawing plate against the counter-plate or vice versa. The inventive deep-drawing device also has a further, first guide and a further, first drive. This first drive is by means of the first guide able to compress the tool in a direction corresponding to a first, perpendicular to the second axis. The latter compression results in a closing of recesses, which are arranged on the tool. This in turn makes it possible to fold the workpiece lying on the tool.

Die Antriebe können beispielsweise hydraulisch oder elektrisch oder über Exzenter realisiert sein und das Werkzeug kann beispielsweise aus verschiebbar angeordneten Lamellen bestehen. Diese Lamellen können ihrerseits in einer separaten Führung laufen und weisen vorzugsweise in ihrem jeweiligen Querschnittsprofil zwei unterschiedliche Stärken auf. Die geringere der beiden ist dabei zur Tiefziehplatte hin orientiert. Diese bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der Lamellen bewirkt, dass die Lamellen gegen ihre grössere Stärke mit maximalem Druck aneinandergepresst werden können und die kleinere Stärke somit automatisch die Ausnehmung ausformt. Diese Ausgestaltung hat zur Folge, dass durch eine höhere Biegefestigkeit der Lamellen während der Belastung durch das Tiefziehen eine höhere Massgenauigkeit der Ausnehmungen erreicht wird.The drives can be realized for example hydraulically or electrically or via eccentric and the tool can for example consist of slats arranged slidably. These lamellae can in turn run in a separate guide and preferably have two different thicknesses in their respective cross-sectional profile. The lower of the two is oriented towards the deep-drawing plate. This preferred embodiment of the slats causes the slats can be pressed against their greater strength with maximum pressure and thus the smaller strength automatically forms the recess. This configuration has the consequence that a higher dimensional accuracy of the recesses is achieved by a higher bending strength of the slats during the stress of deep drawing.

Die Gestaltung bzw. die Form der schlanken Lamelle verhindert auch ein Herausspringen bzw. Sich-Lösen des Werkstückes von der Bearbeitungsoberfläche bzw. von der schlanken Lamelle.The design or the shape of the slender lamella also prevents a jumping out or loosening of the workpiece from the processing surface or from the slender lamella.

Die Verschiebebewegung der Lamellen ist weiters vorzugsweise mit Druckfedern zwischen den einzelnen Lamellen gekoppelt. Das heisst, es soll vorzugsweise erst das Aufeinandertreffen der ersten und der zweiten Lamelle die Bewegung der zweiten Lamelle auslösen, darauffolgend die dritte Lamelle, die vierte Lamelle und so weiter. Die beginnende Bewegung der ersten Lamelle überträgt sich auf die nächste Lamelle. Der dadurch erreichte Ziehharmonika-Effekt oder Akkordeon-Effekt oder Scherengitter-Effekt erleichtert das Falten des Werkstückes bzw. des Bleches mit geringer Kraft bzw. Antriebskraft. Hierdurch wird ein versetztes und sukzessives Schliessen der Ausnehmungen erreicht. Das Öffnen und Herausnehmen des Werkstückes ist problemlos und leichtgängig sowie glatt und leicht möglich bzw. machbar.The displacement movement of the slats is further preferably coupled with compression springs between the individual slats. That is, it should preferably only the Clash of the first and second sip trigger the movement of the second sipe, subsequently the third sipe, the fourth sipe and so on. The incipient movement of the first lamella transfers to the next lamella. The accordion effect or accordion effect or scissor lattice effect achieved thereby facilitates the folding of the workpiece or the sheet with little force or driving force. As a result, a staggered and successive closure of the recesses is achieved. The opening and removal of the workpiece is smooth and smooth and smooth and easily possible or feasible.

Dieses wird verbessert, wenn die Druckfedern nicht zwischen benachbarten Lamellen angeordnet sind, sondern eine Druckfeder beispielsweise die benachbarte Lamelle überspringt und erst auf die nächste oder übernächste drückt. Die Druckfedern können auch aus Platzgründen nicht zwischen zwei benachbarten Lamellen angeordnet sein.This is improved if the compression springs are not arranged between adjacent lamellae, but a compression spring, for example, skips the adjacent lamella and presses only on the next or the next but one. The springs can not be located between two adjacent slats for reasons of space.

Des Weiteren sieht die erfindungsgemässe Ausgestaltung einer Tiefziehvorrichtung mit einem Werkzeug mit verstellbaren Ausnehmungen vor, dass sich die Ausnehmungen nicht über eine vorher bestimmte, offene Aufnahmeposition für das Werkstück hinaus öffnen können. Hierfür ist beispielsweise ein Draht oder ein flexibles Kabel angeordnet, der bzw. das die einzelnen Lamellen verbindet. Dieser Draht oder dieses Kabel erlaubt einerseits das komplette Schliessen der Lamellen bis sie aneinander anliegen, und andererseits kein Öffnen der Lamellen, das die Länge der sie verbindenden Draht-/Kabel-Teilstücke übersteigt. Einem Fachmann steht es frei, andere Wegbegrenzungen, beispielsweise in Form von Klinken, Haken oder Kulissen zu integrieren, die im Wesentlichen die gleiche Wirkung erzielen.Furthermore, the inventive design of a thermoforming device with a tool with adjustable recesses provides that the recesses can not open beyond a predetermined, open receiving position for the workpiece. For this example, a wire or a flexible cable is arranged, which connects or the individual slats. This wire or cable allows one hand, the complete closure of the slats until they abut each other, and on the other hand no opening of the slats, which exceeds the length of the wire / cable sections connecting them. A person skilled in the art is free to integrate other travel limitations, for example in the form of pawls, hooks or links, which achieve substantially the same effect.

Die vorgängig beschriebene Simultanität und Homogenität des Schliessens und Öffnens der Ausnehmungen kann gemäss einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemässen Tiefziehvorrichtung dadurch erreicht werden, dass die Verstellung mittels eines speziellen Spindeltriebes mit seriell angeordneten Gewinde-Teilstücken erfolgt. Die Lamellen sind hierbei einzeln und geführt auf der Windung eines Gewinde-Teilstückes der Spindel angeordnet, sodass eine oder auch mehrere Drehungen der Spindel bewirken, dass jedes Gewinde-Teilstück die ihm zugeordnete Lamelle von der offenen Aufnahmeposition bis zu der geschlossenen, aneinander anliegenden Tiefziehposition bewegt.The previously described simultaneity and homogeneity of the closing and opening of the recesses can be achieved according to a further preferred embodiment of a deep-drawing device according to the invention in that the adjustment takes place by means of a special spindle drive with serially arranged threaded sections. The lamellae are arranged individually and guided on the winding of a threaded portion of the spindle, so that one or more rotations of the spindle cause each threaded portion moves its associated lamella from the open receiving position to the closed, abutting deep drawing position ,

Die erfindungsgemässe Tiefziehvorrichtung bzw. das erfindungsgemässe Tiefziehverfahren sind hinsichtlich der Abmessungen der Vorsprünge im Verhältnis zu den Abmessungen der Ausnehmungen jedenfalls so anpassbar, dass im Zusammenspiel mit den beispielhaft angeführten Materialien die Vorgaben der Normen erfüllbar sind. Diese Anpassbarkeit kann beispielsweise dadurch gegeben sein, dass die Tiefziehplatte und die einzelnen Lamellen austauschbar sind.The deep-drawing device according to the invention or the deep-drawing method according to the invention are in any case adaptable with regard to the dimensions of the projections in relation to the dimensions of the recesses, so that the specifications of the standards can be met in interaction with the exemplified materials. This adaptability can for example be given by the fact that the thermoforming plate and the individual slats are interchangeable.

Mit der erfindungsgemässen Tiefziehvorrichtung, den entsprechenden Anpressdrücken und dem entsprechenden Material können für die Herstellung von Trittelementen bzw. Setzelementen neu sehr kurze Bearbeitungszyklen realisiert werden. Diese kürzeren Bearbeitungszyklen gewähren im Vergleich zu Bearbeitungszyklen, die der Stand der Technik vorschlägt, über die vorteilhafte Kürze des Bearbeitungszyklus hinaus die Möglichkeit, dass die gesamte Anzahl der erwünschten Rillen durch einen einzigen Tiefziehvorgang hergestellt werden.With the deep-drawing device according to the invention, the corresponding contact pressures and the corresponding material, very short machining cycles can be realized for the production of tread elements or setting elements. These shorter machining cycles, in addition to the machining cycles proposed by the prior art, allow, beyond the advantageous brevity of the machining cycle, the possibility of producing the entire number of desired grooves by a single deep drawing operation.

Die erfindungsgemässe Tiefziehvorrichtung funktioniert beispielsweise mit wellig vorgeformtem Blechen.The inventive deep-drawing device works, for example, with corrugated preformed sheets.

Ein weiterer erfindungsgemässer Vorteil ist das vereinfachte Herausnehmen des Werkstückes. Das Werkstück bzw. das Trittelement oder das Setzelement kann händisch aus der Tiefziehvorrichtung entfernt werden, leichter und einfacher und schneller ist eine Manipulation mittels Auswerfern oder Pressluftgebläse, die das Werkstück aufheben und aus der Ausnehmung und/oder aus den Lamellen herausbefördern. Danach wird das Werkstück bzw. das Trittelement oder das Setzelement von einem Greifer oder einem Roboterarm oder einem Blechmanipulator gegriffen und aus der Tiefziehvorrichtung herausgenommen. Anschliessend werden die Werkstücke bzw. Trittelemente oder Setzelemente abgelegt und/oder geschlichtet und/oder aufgeschlichtet und/oder gestapelt und/oder angesammelt und/oder angehäuft und/oder palettiert.Another advantage of the invention is the simplified removal of the workpiece. The workpiece or the tread element or the setting element can be manually removed from the thermoforming device, easier and faster and is a manipulation by means of ejectors or forced air blower, picking up the workpiece and out of the recess and / or out of the slats. Thereafter, the workpiece or the tread element or the setting element is gripped by a gripper or a robot arm or a sheet metal manipulator and removed from the thermoforming device. Subsequently, the workpieces or tread elements or setting elements are stored and / or sizing and / or stacked and / or stacked and / or accumulated and / or accumulated and / or palletized.

Bei einer weiteren Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemässen Tiefziehvorrichtung wird eine plane Oberfläche, an der die Wellenerhebungen beim Falten entlang gleiten können, dadurch gebildet, dass die Tiefzieh-Vorsprünge in der Tiefziehplatte versenkbar sind. Dieses Versenken geschieht vorzugsweise so, dass die untere Stirnseite der Vorsprünge mit der Unterseite der Tiefziehplatte eine plane Oberfläche bildet.In a further embodiment of a deep-drawing device according to the invention, a planar surface on which the wave projections can slide during folding is formed in that the deep-drawing projections in the deep-drawing plate can be lowered. This countersinking is preferably done so that the lower end face of the projections with the underside of the deep-drawing plate forms a flat surface.

Die Erfindung ist für Teile von Fahrtreppen und für Teile von Fahrsteigen gleichermassen anwendbar. Es können zudem Teile für Stufen und Teile für Paletten gleichermassen hergestellt werden.The invention is equally applicable to parts of escalators and parts of moving walkways. In addition, parts for steps and parts for pallets can be produced equally.

Weitere oder vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen einer erfindungsgemässen Tiefziehvorrichtung, beziehungsweise weitere oder vorteilhafte Varianten eines Tiefziehverfahrens mit einer entsprechenden Tiefziehvorrichtung, bilden die Gegenstände der abhängigen Ansprüche.Further or advantageous embodiments of an inventive thermoforming device, or further or advantageous variants of a deep-drawing process with a corresponding thermoforming device, form the subject of the dependent claims.

Anhand von Figuren wird die Erfindung symbolisch und beispielhaft näher erläutert.The invention will be explained symbolically and by way of example with reference to figures.

Die Figuren werden zusammenhängend und übergreifend beschrieben. Gleiche Bezugszeichen bedeuten gleiche Bauteile, Bezugszeichen mit unterschiedlichen Indices geben funktionsgleiche oder ähnliche Bauteile an.The figures are described coherently and comprehensively. The same reference symbols denote the same components, reference symbols with different indices indicate functionally identical or similar components.

Es zeigen dabei

  • Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemässen Tiefziehvorrichtung in der offenen Aufnahmeposition;
  • Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung der erfindungsgemässen Tiefziehvorrichtung aus Fig. 1 in der geschlossenen Endposition;
  • Fig. 3 eine schematische Darstellung der erfindungsgemässen Tiefziehvorrichtung aus den Figuren 1 und 2 in einer Stellung, die dem Tiefziehvorgang entspricht;
  • Fig. 4 eine schematische Darstellung von Lamellen, die ein Werkzeug bilden und sich in der offenen Aufnahmeposition befinden;
  • Fig. 5 eine schematische Darstellung der Lamellen aus Fig. 4 in geschlossener Endposition und;
  • Fig. 6 eine schematische Darstellung der einzelnen Verfahrensschritte.
It show here
  • Fig. 1 a schematic representation of an inventive thermoforming device in the open receiving position;
  • Fig. 2 a schematic representation of the inventive thermoforming device Fig. 1 in the closed end position;
  • Fig. 3 a schematic representation of the inventive thermoforming device of the FIGS. 1 and 2 in a position corresponding to the deep drawing operation;
  • Fig. 4 a schematic representation of blades which form a tool and are in the open receiving position;
  • Fig. 5 a schematic representation of the slats Fig. 4 in closed end position and;
  • Fig. 6 a schematic representation of the individual process steps.

Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch eine erfindungsgemässe Tiefziehvorrichtung 100. Eine Tiefziehplatte 110 mit einer Unterseite 113, an der Vorsprünge 112 angeordnet sind, eine Gegenplatte 130 und eine Grundplatte 140 sind gemeinsam in Führungen 122a bis 122d geführt. Entlang dieser Führungen 122a bis 122d, bzw. entlang einer Tiefzieh-Achse A2, wirkt ein nicht näher dargestellter Antrieb mit einer Antriebskraft F2 so, dass die Tiefziehplatte 110 und die Gegenplatte 130 relativ zueinander anpressbar sind. Ein Werkzeug 106 umfasst Lamellen 101, die in einer hier gezeigten offenen Aufnahmeposition PA des Werkzeuges 106 Lamellenlücken 102 bzw. Ausnehmungen 103 bilden. Diese Lamellenlücken 102 sind verstellbar, weil ein Stempel 120, angetrieben von einem weiteren, zweiten, auch nicht näher dargestellten Antrieb mit einer Antriebskraft F1 entlang einer senkrecht zu der Tiefzieh-Achse A2 stehenden Falt-Achse A1 so wirkt, dass die Lamellen 101 entlang einer Lateralführung 121 bewegbar sind. Fig. 1 schematically shows an inventive deep-drawing device 100. A deep-drawing plate 110 with a bottom 113, are arranged on the projections 112, a counter-plate 130 and a base plate 140 are guided together in guides 122a to 122d. Along these guides 122a to 122d, or along a deep-drawing axis A 2 , acts a drive not shown in detail with a driving force F 2 so that the deep-drawing plate 110 and the counter-plate 130 can be pressed relative to each other. A tool 106 includes louvers 101, which in an open receiving position PA shown here Tool 106 slat gaps 102 and recesses 103 form. These lamellar gaps 102 are adjustable because a punch 120, driven by a further, second, not shown drive with a driving force F1 along a perpendicular to the deep-drawing axis A2 folding axis A1 acts so that the lamellae 101 along a Lateral guide 121 are movable.

Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch die erfindungsgemässe Tiefziehvorrichtung 100 in einer geschlossenen Endposition PE. Die Lamellen 101 liegen aneinander an. Diese Bewegung entspricht einem Faltvorgang eines wellig vorgeformten Bleches, das vorher zwischen das Werkzeug 106 und die Tiefziehplatte 110 eingelegt wurde. Fig. 2 schematically shows the inventive thermoforming device 100 in a closed end position PE. The fins 101 abut each other. This movement corresponds to a folding operation of a wavy preformed sheet, which was previously inserted between the tool 106 and the deep drawing plate 110.

Fig. 3 zeigt schematisch die erfindungsgemässe Tiefziehvorrichtung 100 aus den Figuren 1 und 2, wobei die Gegenplatte 130 an die Tiefziehplatte 110 angepresst ist. Diese Bewegung entspricht einem Tiefziehvorgang des gemäss Fig. 2 gefalteten Bleches. Fig. 3 schematically shows the inventive thermoforming device 100 of the FIGS. 1 and 2 , wherein the counter-plate 130 is pressed against the deep-drawing plate 110. This movement corresponds to a thermoforming process according to Fig. 2 folded sheets.

In der Fig. 4 ist schematisch ein Teil des Werkzeuges 106 in der offenen Aufnahmeposition PA dargestellt. Man erkennt, dass die Lamellen 101 zwei unterschiedliche Stärken ausbilden und an dem Übergang von der geringeren zu der grösseren Stärke eine Nocke 127 angeordnet ist. Federn 104 sind so angeordnet, dass sie in einer Lagerung an einer Lamelle 101 und, durch die benachbarte Lamelle hindurch, an der folgenden Lamelle gelagert sind. Weiters sind Wegbegrenzungen in Form von Draht- bzw. Kabelelementen 105 dargestellt, die in der gezeigten offenen Aufnahmeposition PA des Werkzeuges 106 unter Zugspannung stehen und ein weiteres Öffnen der Lamellenlücken 102 verhindern.In the Fig. 4 schematically a part of the tool 106 is shown in the open receiving position PA. It can be seen that the lamellae 101 form two different strengths and a cam 127 is arranged at the transition from the lesser to the greater magnitude. Springs 104 are arranged so that they are mounted in a bearing on a blade 101 and, through the adjacent blade, on the next blade. Furthermore, travel limits in the form of wire or cable elements 105 are shown, which are in the shown open receiving position PA of the tool 106 under tension and prevent further opening of the lamellar gaps 102.

Die gezeigte offene Aufnahmeposition PA veranschaulicht weiters, dass die Lamellenlücken 102 bzw. die Ausnehmungen 103 eine Weite 107 bilden, deren Mitte sich in einer bestimmten Position P1 zu einem Anschlag 129 des Werkzeuges 106 befindet. Ebenfalls schematisch ist die Tiefziehplatte 110 mit den Vorsprüngen bzw. Zähnen 112 dargestellt, wobei ersichtlich ist, dass die Zähne 112 nicht oder rein zufällig mit den Ausnehmungen 103 korrespondieren. Ein Werkstück 10 in Form eines wellig vorgeformten Bleches liegt mit seinen Wellentälern in den Ausnehmungen 103, sodass ein anschliessendes Schliessen der Lamellenlücken 102 gemäss der Antriebskraft F1 das Blech 10 faltet. Weiters ist eine optionale Pressluftvorrichtung 108 angedeutet, die das Blech 10 in die Ausnehmungen 103 drückt.The open receiving position PA shown further illustrates that the slat gaps 102 and the Recesses 103 form a width 107 whose center is in a certain position P1 to a stop 129 of the tool 106. Also shown schematically is the deep-drawing plate 110 with the projections or teeth 112, wherein it can be seen that the teeth 112 do not correspond or coincidentally with the recesses 103. A workpiece 10 in the form of a wavy preformed sheet lies with its wave troughs in the recesses 103, so that a subsequent closing of the slat gaps 102 according to the driving force F1, the sheet 10 folds. Furthermore, an optional compressed air device 108 is indicated which presses the sheet 10 into the recesses 103.

Fig. 5 zeigt den Teil des Werkzeuges 106 aus Fig. 4 in der geschlossenen Endposition PE. Fig. 5 ist auf dem gleichen Blatt wie Fig. 4 dargestellt, sodass erkennbar wird, dass sich nicht nur die ursprüngliche Weite 107 der Ausnehmung 103 auf eine Weite 107' reduziert hat, sondern sich auch die Position P1 in Bezug zum Anschlag 129 in eine Position P2 verschoben hat. Weiters ist erkennbar, dass die Lamellen 101 an ihrer grösseren Stärke aneinander anliegen und somit die Ausnehmungen 103 nur noch durch die geringer ausgebildete Stärke der Lamellen 101 gebildet ist. Die Position der Ausnehmungen 103 korrespondiert jetzt, im Unterschied zu Fig. 4, mit den Zähnen 112 für das Tiefziehen. Weiters ist dargestellt, dass die Federn 104 komprimiert sind und die Draht- bzw. Kabelelemente 105 nicht mehr unter Zugspannung stehen. Fig. 5 shows the part of the tool 106 Fig. 4 in the closed end position PE. Fig. 5 is on the same sheet as Fig. 4 so that it can be seen that not only the original width 107 of the recess 103 has been reduced to a width 107 ', but also the position P1 has moved with respect to the stop 129 in a position P2. Furthermore, it can be seen that the lamellae 101 abut each other at their greater strength and thus the recesses 103 is formed only by the less developed thickness of the lamellae 101. The position of the recesses 103 now corresponds, in contrast to Fig. 4 , with teeth 112 for deep drawing. Furthermore, it is shown that the springs 104 are compressed and the wire or cable elements 105 are no longer under tension.

Fig. 6 zeigt beispielhaft erfindungsgemässe Verfahrensschritte 2 bis 8 bzw. die Arbeitsschritte 2 bis 8 eines beispielhaften und erfindungsgemässen Bearbeitungszyklus, ausgehend von einem wellig vorgeformten Blech 10 gemäss Ziffer 1 und zu einem tiefgezogenen Blech 10" gemäss Ziffer 9 gelangend. Unter der Ziffer 1 ist als Ausgangsprodukt das wellig vorgeformte Blech 10 mit einer Blechstärke S gezeigt. Fig. 6 shows exemplary inventive method steps 2 to 8 or the steps 2 to 8 of an exemplary and inventive processing cycle, starting from a wavy pre-formed sheet 10 according to paragraph 1 and to a deep-drawn sheet 10 "according to paragraph 9. Under the number 1 is the starting product wavy preformed sheet 10 with a plate thickness S shown.

Ziffer 2 zeigt als ersten Arbeitsschritt das Einführen des Bleches 10 in die Tiefziehvorrichtung 100, und zwar so, dass die Wellentäler auf den geöffneten Ausnehmungen 103 zu liegen kommen. Gleichzeitig wird als optionale Verbesserung für den später folgenden Faltvorgang eine Richtplatte 109 zwischen das Blech 10 und die Zähne 112 der Tiefziehplatte 110 eingeführt.Number 2 shows as a first step, the insertion of the sheet 10 in the thermoforming device 100, in such a way that the troughs come to lie on the opened recesses 103. At the same time, a directional plate 109 is inserted between the plate 10 and the teeth 112 of the deep-drawing plate 110 as an optional enhancement to the subsequent folding operation.

Ziffer 3 zeigt als nächsten Arbeitsschritt ein Reduzieren eines Abstandes D bis zu einem Mass, an dem die Wellenerhebungen die Richtplatte 109 berühren und die Richtplatte 109 ihrerseits die Zähne 112 der Tiefziehplatte 110 berührt.Numeral 3 shows as a next step a reduction of a distance D to a degree at which the wave bumps touch the straightening plate 109 and the straightening plate 109 in turn contacts the teeth 112 of the deep-drawing plate 110.

Unter der Ziffer 4 ist der Faltvorgang des Bleches 10' unter der Einwirkung der Antriebskraft F1 dargestellt. Ziffer 5 zeigt das anschliessende Öffnen der Tiefziehvorrichtung 100, worauf unter Ziffer 6 die Richtplatte 109 entfernt wird.Under the numeral 4, the folding operation of the sheet 10 'under the action of the driving force F1 is shown. Number 5 shows the subsequent opening of the thermoforming device 100, whereupon the directional plate 109 is removed under number 6.

Unter Ziffer 7 ist die Position der wesentlichen Elemente der Tiefziehvorrichtung beim Erreichen des maximalen Hubs der Zähne 112 beim Tiefziehvorgang dargestellt.Under number 7, the position of the essential elements of the thermoforming device when reaching the maximum stroke of the teeth 112 is shown in the deep-drawing process.

Ziffer 8 zeigt das Entformen und Ziffer 9 als Endprodukt ein tiefgezogenes Blech 10" mit einer verminderten Blechstärke S', einer Steghöhe 123, einer Stegbreite 124 eines Stegs 111 und einer Rille 114 mit einer Rillenbreite 125. Der Steg 111 weist in der gezeigten Schnittdarstellung an seiner Oberseite Sicken 128 auf. Weiters weisen die Stege 111 einen Winkel "W" auf, der zwischen 0 Grad und 17 Grad Neigung hat, vorzugsweise 2 Grad bis 11 Grad. Die Sicken 128 entlang der Oberseite der Stege 111 sind in kleinen Abständen gehalten und verbessern dadurch erheblich die Rutschfestigkeit der Benutzer der Trittelemente und Setzelemente.Paragraph 8 shows the demoulding and paragraph 9 as a final product a deep-drawn sheet 10 "with a reduced sheet thickness S ', a web height 123, a web width 124 of a web 111 and a groove 114 with a groove width 125. The web 111 has in the sectional view shown Furthermore, the webs 111 have an angle "W" which is between 0 degrees and 17 degrees of inclination, preferably 2 degrees to 11 degrees The beads 128 along the top of the webs 111 are held at small intervals and thereby significantly improve the skid resistance of the users of the tread elements and setting elements.

Eine gleichzeitige Herstellung der Stege 111 inklusive der Ränderung mit den Sicken 128 in einem Arbeitsgang verbessert den Herstellungsvorteil und spart wertvolle Produktionszeiten und bringt zusätzliche Produktivität. Überdies ist die produktive Arbeit gesteigert, da alle Stege 111 gleichzeitig und zur selben Zeit produziert und ausgefertigt werden. Dadurch ist die Fertigungszeit und Fabrikationszeit der Trittelemente und Setzelemente forciert und beschleunigt. Eine Verbesserung des Herstellungsprozesses liegt auf der Hand und ist fortwährend und kontinuierlich und stetig gegeben.Simultaneous production of the webs 111, including the modification with the beads 128 in one operation improves the manufacturing advantage and saves valuable production times and brings additional productivity. Moreover, the productive work is increased since all the webs 111 are produced and made out at the same time and at the same time. As a result, the production time and manufacturing time of the tread elements and setting elements is accelerated and accelerated. An improvement of the manufacturing process is obvious and is continuous and continuous.

Die erfindungsgemässe Tiefziehvorrichtung 100 funktioniert beispielsweise mit wellig vorgeformtem Blech 10. Dieses kann beispielsweise ein etwa 3200 mm breites Blechpaneel sein, das so (vor-)gewellt worden ist, dass es nur noch eine Breite von etwa 2000 mm hat. Die so ausgeformten Wellentäler werden von den Kanten der Ausnehmungen 103 am Werkzeug 106 aufgenommen und gefaltet.The deep-drawing device 100 according to the invention works, for example, with corrugated preformed sheet metal 10. This can be, for example, a sheet metal panel of about 3200 mm width that has been corrugated so that it only has a width of about 2000 mm. The thus-shaped wave troughs are received and folded by the edges of the recesses 103 on the tool 106.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemässen Tiefziehvorrichtung 100 sieht vor, dass auch glattes, nicht vorgeformtes Blech 10 verwendet werden kann. Hierfür wird ein glattes Blech 10 auf das Werkzeug 106 gelegt, dessen Ausnehmungen 103 in der offenen Aufnahmeposition sind. Die Tiefziehplatte 110 wiederum weist nebst den Vorsprüngen 112 für das Tiefziehen versenkbare Stempelelemente (nicht gezeigt) auf, die für das Wellen zuständig sind. Diese Stempelelemente sind so angeordnet, dass sie mit der Mitte der Aufnahmeposition korrespondieren. Die Tiefziehvorrichtung 100, d.h. die Tiefziehplatte 110 und die Gegenplatte 130 werden anschliessend geschlossen, sodass die Stempelelemente das Tiefziehblech 10 in die offenen Ausnehmungen 103 hinein, etwa 2 mm bis 5 mm, vortiefziehen und somit wellig ausformen. Die Stempelelemente können auch so ausgestaltet sein, dass sie die Tiefziehplatte 110 nur durchstossen und nicht mit ihr verbunden sind. Jedenfalls sieht diese Ausführungsform vor, dass die versenkbaren Stempelelemente nach dem Wellen des Bleches 10 zurückgezogen werden, sodass aus der Tiefziehplatte 110 nur noch die Vorsprünge für das anschliessend folgende Tiefziehen herausragen.A further embodiment of a deep-drawing device 100 according to the invention provides that smooth, non-preformed metal sheet 10 can also be used. For this purpose, a smooth sheet 10 is placed on the tool 106, the recesses 103 are in the open receiving position. The deep-drawing plate 110 in turn, in addition to the protrusions 112 for deep drawing retractable stamp elements (not shown), which are responsible for the waves. These stamp members are arranged so as to correspond to the center of the pickup position. The deep-drawing device 100, ie the deep-drawing plate 110 and the counter-plate 130 are then closed, so that the stamping elements pre-deepen the deep-drawn sheet 10 into the open recesses 103, about 2 mm to 5 mm, and thus form wavy. The stamp elements can also be designed so that they only pierce the deep-drawing plate 110 and are not connected to it. In any case, this embodiment provides that the retractable stamp elements are withdrawn after the corrugations of the sheet 10, so that protrude from the deep-drawing plate 110 only the projections for the subsequent subsequent deep-drawing.

Ein zweiter Antrieb, mit dem das Blech 10 tiefgezogen wird, presst beispielsweise mit einem Druck zwischen etwa 200 Tonnen und etwa 700 Tonnen, vorzugsweise mit etwa 300 Tonnen. Ein erster Antrieb, der das Blech 10 faltet, presst das Werkzeug 106 bzw. die Lamellen 101 des Werkzeuges 106 beispielsweise mit einem Druck zwischen etwa 0,2 Tonnen und etwa 2,5 Tonnen, vorzugsweise etwa 0,5 Tonnen bis 1 Tonne zusammen.A second drive, with which the sheet 10 is deep-drawn, presses, for example, with a pressure between about 200 tons and about 700 tons, preferably about 300 tons. A first drive, which folds the sheet 10, compresses the tool 106 and the blades 101 of the tool 106, for example, with a pressure of between about 0.2 tons and about 2.5 tons, preferably about 0.5 tons to 1 ton.

Die Vorsprünge für das Tiefziehen weisen vorzugsweise ein Querschnittsprofil auf, das sich zur Fläche der Tiefziehplatte 110 hin verjüngt oder verbreitert. Dieses verhindert unter Umständen beim Tiefziehvorgang ein Verklemmen des Bleches 10 in den Ausnehmungen 103 des Werkzeuges 106. Diese Art der Form hilft auch beim Falten des gewellten Bleches 10, dieses in Position zu halten. Des Weiteren sind die Tiefziehplatte 110 und das Werkzeug 106 vorzugsweise aus einem gehärteten Material, das durch Laserhärtung oder Plasmahärtung oder Induktionshärtung oder Beschichtungshärtung ausgestaltet ist, um gleichbleibend präzise Rillen und Stege auch nach vielen Bearbeitungsprozessen zu gewährleisten. Insbesondere die Kanten der Ausnehmungen 103 des Werkzeuges 106 müssen so lange wie möglich hart bzw. scharfkantig bleiben, um einen sicheren Stand auf den Stegen des Werkstückes zu garantieren.The deep-drawing projections preferably have a cross-sectional profile that tapers or widened toward the surface of the deep-drawing plate 110. This may prevent the thermoforming process jamming of the sheet 10 in the recesses 103 of the tool 106. This type of shape also helps in folding the corrugated sheet 10 to hold this in position. Further, the deep drawing plate 110 and the tool 106 are preferably made of a hardened material configured by laser hardening or plasma hardening or induction hardening or coating hardening to ensure consistently precise grooves and ridges even after many machining processes. In particular, the edges of the recesses 103 of the tool 106 must remain hard or sharp as long as possible in order to guarantee a secure footing on the webs of the workpiece.

Eine Ausgestaltungsvariante einer erfindungsgemässen Tiefziehvorrichtung 100 sieht Vorsprünge für das Tiefziehen vor, deren Querschnittsprofil sich zu der Fläche der Tiefziehplatte 110 hin verbreitert. Dieses ergibt somit beim Tiefziehen in dem Werkstück 20 Vertiefungen bzw. Stege, die einen trapezförmigen Querschnitt haben.An embodiment variant of a deep-drawing device 100 according to the invention provides projections for deep-drawing, the cross-sectional profile of which widens towards the surface of the deep-drawing plate 110. This thus results in deep drawing in the Workpiece 20 depressions or webs, which have a trapezoidal cross-section.

Eine weiters bevorzugte Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemässen Tiefziehvorrichtung 100 weist an der Unterseite der Tiefziehplatte 110, also zwischen den Tiefzieh-Vorsprüngen, ein positives Oberflächenprofil auf. Dieses presst beim Erreichen des Maximalhubes der Tiefziehbewegung für eine verbesserte Rutschfestigkeit der Trittelement-Stege einige Sicken oder Kerben in die Oberseite des Steges. Wenn das Blech 10 so in die Tiefziehvorrichtung 100 eingelegt wird, dass seine endgültige Trittseite unten liegt, so müssen die Böden der Ausnehmungen 103 in dem Werkzeug 106 entsprechende positive Oberflächenprofile - beispielsweise Nocken - aufweisen. Diese Nocken sind vorzugsweise in einem Abstand von zirka 1 bis 3 mm über die Tiefe der Tiefziehplatten-Unterseite oder über die Tiefe der Ausnehmungs-Böden angeordnet.A further preferred embodiment of a deep-drawing device 100 according to the invention has a positive surface profile on the lower side of the deep-drawing plate 110, that is to say between the deep-drawn projections. This presses on reaching the maximum stroke of the deep drawing movement for improved slip resistance of the tread webs some beads or notches in the top of the web. If the sheet 10 is inserted into the thermoforming device 100 so that its final tread is down, so the bottoms of the recesses 103 in the tool 106 corresponding positive surface profiles - for example cams - have. These cams are preferably located at a distance of about 1 to 3 mm above the depth of the deep drawing plate bottom or over the depth of the recess bottoms.

Ein erfindungsgemässes Verfahren zum Tiefziehen mit vorhergehendem Falten des wellig vorgeformten Bleches 10 mit einer beschriebenen Tiefziehvorrichtung 100 sieht einen zusätzlichen Verfahrensschritt vor, der den Faltvorgang erleichtert. Hierbei wird nach dem Auflegen des Bleches 10 die Tiefziehvorrichtung 100 soweit geschlossen, dass mindestens eine Wellenerhebung des Bleches 10 an mindestens einem Tiefzieh-Vorsprung der Tiefziehplatte 110 anstösst. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass das wellig vorgeformte Blech 10 durch das Schliessen der Ausnehmungen 103 beim Falten nicht aus den Ausnehmungen 103 hinausgedrückt wird.An inventive method for deep drawing with previous folding of the corrugated preformed sheet 10 with a described thermoforming device 100 provides an additional process step, which facilitates the folding process. In this case, the thermoforming device 100 is closed so far after placing the sheet 10 that at least one wave elevation of the sheet 10 abuts at least one thermoforming projection of the deep-drawing plate 110. This ensures that the wavy preformed sheet 10 is not pushed out of the recesses 103 by the closing of the recesses 103 during folding.

Ein weiteres, erfindungsgemässes Verfahren zum Tiefziehen mit vorhergehendem Falten des wellig vorgeformten Bleches 10 mit einer beschriebenen Tiefziehvorrichtung 100 sieht ein zusätzliches Festhalten des Werkstückes bzw. des Bleches 10 mittels des erwähnten Ziehharmonika-Effektes bzw. Akkordeon-Effektes bzw. Scherengitter-Effektes vor. Dabei werden die ersten drei bis fünf Lamellen schneller und/oder druckvoller geschlossen und somit ein Anpacken bzw. Zupacken bzw. ein Zugriff bzw. ein Festhalten des Werkstückes gewährleistet. Das Werkstück wird durch diesen Vorgang bzw. Verfahrensschritt am Herausspringen bzw. Hinausdrücken bzw. Hinausgleiten gehindert bzw. angehalten bzw. zurückgehalten.Another, according to the invention method for deep drawing with previous folding the wavy preformed sheet 10 with a thermoforming device 100 described provides additional retention of the workpiece or the sheet 10 by means of the mentioned accordion effect or accordion effect or Scherengitter effect before. In this case, the first three to five fins are closed faster and / or more powerful, thus ensuring a tackling or grabbing or access or retention of the workpiece. The workpiece is prevented from being stopped or pushed out by this operation.

Den gleichen Zweck erfüllt eine optionale Pressluftvorrichtung, die durch Löcher in der Gegenplatte das Blech 10 ansaugt oder durch Löcher in der Tiefziehplatte 110 das Blech 10 anbläst.The same purpose is fulfilled by an optional compressed air device, which sucks through holes in the counter plate, the sheet 10 or through holes in the thermoforming plate 110, the sheet 10 blows.

Eine weitere, erfindungsgemässe Optimierung des Faltvorgangs kann optional mit einer Richtplatte erfüllt werden, die beispielsweise gleichzeitig mit dem Einführen des wellig vorgeformten Bleches 10 zwischen den Wellenerhebungen des Bleches 10 und den Tiefzieh-Vorsprüngen der Tiefziehplatte 110 mit eingeführt wird. Anschliessend wird die Tiefziehvorrichtung 100 erneut nur bis zum Anstossen der Wellenerhebungen an die Unterseite der Richtplatte bzw. dem Anstossen der Oberseite der Richtplatte an die Tiefzieh-Vorsprünge der Tiefziehplatte 110 geschlossen. Die sich beim anschliessend folgenden Faltvorgang bildenden Erhebungen gleiten somit an der Unterseite der Richtplatte entlang und dadurch wird ein Verhaken des Bleches 10 in der Tiefziehvorrichtung 100 verhindert.A further, inventive optimization of the folding process can optionally be met with a straightening plate, which is introduced, for example, simultaneously with the introduction of wavy preformed sheet 10 between the wave projections of the sheet 10 and the thermoforming projections of the deep drawing 110. Subsequently, the thermoforming device 100 is again closed only until the abutment of the wave projections on the underside of the straightening plate or the abutment of the top of the straightening plate to the deep-drawing projections of the deep-drawing 110. The elevations forming during the subsequent folding process thus slide along the underside of the straightening plate and thereby prevent the sheet 10 from becoming caught in the thermoforming device 100.

Ein weiteres, erfindungsgemässes Verfahren zum Tiefziehen eines planen (nicht wellig vorgeformten) Bleches 10 zeichnet sich durch die folgenden Schritte aus. Es wird hier eine Tiefziehplatte 110 eingesetzt, die eine erste Anordnung von Vorsprüngen 112 und Stempelelemente aufweist, die in der Tiefziehplatte 110 versenkt werden können. In einem ersten Schritt werden diese erste Anordnung der Vorsprünge 112 und die Stempelelemente in die Tiefziehplatte 110 versenkt. Dann wird das plane Blech 10 zwischen das Werkzeug 106 und die Tiefziehplatte 110 eingeführt. Anschliessend werden die Stempelelemente so verstellt, dass das plane Blech 10 wellig geformt wird. Die Stempelelemente werden nun versenkt und es wird der Abstand D zwischen dem Werkzeug 106 und der Tiefziehplatte 110 reduziert, sodass das wellig geformte Blech 10 an einer Unterseite 113 der Tiefziehplatte 110 anliegt. Durch das Verstellen der Lamellenlücken 102 des Werkzeuges 106 von der Aufnahmeposition PA in eine Endposition PE wird das wellig geformte Blech 10 weiter gefaltet. Nun wird die erste Anordnung der Vorsprünge 112 verstellt, sodass das gefaltete Blech 10 durch Eindringen der Vorsprünge 112 der Tiefziehplatte 110 in die Endposition PE der Ausnehmungen 103 des Werkzeuges 106 tiefgezogen wird.Another method according to the invention for deep-drawing a flat (not wavy preformed) sheet 10 is characterized by the following steps. A deep-drawing plate 110 is used here, which has a first arrangement of projections 112 and stamping elements which can be countersunk in the deep-drawing plate 110. In a first step, this first arrangement of the projections 112 and the stamp elements are sunk into the deep-drawing plate 110. Than it will be the flat sheet 10 is inserted between the tool 106 and the deep drawing plate 110. Subsequently, the stamp elements are adjusted so that the flat sheet 10 is formed wavy. The stamp elements are now sunk and it is the distance D between the tool 106 and the deep-drawing plate 110 is reduced so that the wavy shaped sheet 10 rests against a bottom 113 of the deep-drawing 110. By adjusting the slat gaps 102 of the tool 106 from the receiving position PA in an end position PE, the wavy shaped sheet 10 is folded further. Now, the first arrangement of the projections 112 is adjusted, so that the folded sheet 10 is deep-drawn by penetration of the projections 112 of the deep-drawing plate 110 in the end position PE of the recesses 103 of the tool 106.

Mit der beschriebenen Tiefziehvorrichtung 100, den genannten Anpressdrücken und dem beschriebenen Material können für die Herstellung von Trittelementen bzw. Setzelementen neu sehr kurze Bearbeitungszyklen realisiert werden, die sich beispielsweise aus folgenden einzelnen Arbeitstakten zusammensetzen: Einlegen bzw. Einspannen des Werkstücks etwa 0,5 Sekunden, Falten etwa 2 Sekunden, Tiefziehen zirka 1 Sekunde und Entformen (Öffnen, Werkstück herausnehmen) etwa 2 Sekunden.With the described deep-drawing device 100, the mentioned contact pressures and the described material, very short machining cycles can be realized for the production of tread elements or setting elements, which for example consist of the following individual work cycles: inserting or clamping the workpiece about 0.5 seconds, Folding for about 2 seconds, deep drawing for about 1 second and demoulding (opening, removing workpiece) for about 2 seconds.

Die erfindungsgemässe Tiefziehvorrichtung 100 und das damit mögliche Verfahren sind, wie eingangs schon erwähnt, sehr gut für die Herstellung von Trittelementen und Setzelementen von Fahrtreppenstufen geeignet. Diese Elemente sind aus relativ dünnem und leichtem Blech gefertigt, das trotz seiner Beschaffenheit und trotz bzw. wegen des Tiefziehens die Vorgaben und die Belastungstests der europäischen Norm EN 115 sowie der amerikanischen Norm ASME A17.1-2004 erfüllen muss. Gemäss diesen Normen muss die Stufe einem statischen und einem dynamischen Test standhalten. Beim statischen Test wird die Stufe mit einer senkrecht zum Trittelement wirkenden Kraft von 3000 N mittig belastet, wobei eine Auslenkung von höchstens 4 mm auftreten darf. Nach der Krafteinwirkung darf die Stufe keine bleibende Deformation aufweisen. Beim dynamischen Test wird die Stufe mit einer pulsierenden Kraft mittig belastet, wobei die Kraft zwischen 500 und 3000 N mit einer Frequenz von 5 bis 20 Hz variiert und mindestens 5 x 106 Zyklen dauert. Nach diesem Test darf die Stufe eine bleibende Deformation von höchstens 4 mm aufweisen.The deep-drawing device 100 according to the invention and the method possible with it are, as already mentioned, very well suited for the production of tread elements and setting elements of escalator steps. These elements are made of relatively thin and lightweight sheet metal, which despite its nature and despite or because of the deep drawing must meet the requirements and stress tests of the European standard EN 115 and the American standard ASME A17.1-2004. According to these standards, the stage must withstand a static and a dynamic test. In the static test, the step becomes centered with a force of 3000 N acting perpendicular to the tread element loaded, with a maximum deflection of 4 mm may occur. After the force has been applied, the step must not show any permanent deformation. In the dynamic test, the stage is loaded centrally with a pulsating force, the force varies between 500 and 3000 N with a frequency of 5 to 20 Hz and lasts at least 5 x 10 6 cycles. After this test, the step may have a permanent deformation of not more than 4 mm.

Als Werkstück 10 kommen gemäss Erfindung generell flächig ausgeformte Materialien in Betracht. Der Begriff "flächig ausgeformt" wird verwendet, um sowohl vorgewelltes als auch planes Blech zu umschreiben. Dieses können ganz generell Bleche 10 sein, sei es Kühlbleche oder Bleche zum Herstellen von Heizkörpern oder Fassadenelemente, Solarpaneele, Stahltreppen, Gerüst- oder Bühnenelemente.As a workpiece 10 come according to the invention generally flat shaped materials into consideration. The term "sheet-formed" is used to describe both pre-corrugated and flat sheet metal. This can be very generally sheets 10, be it heatsinks or sheets for the production of radiators or facade elements, solar panels, steel stairs, scaffolding or stage elements.

Als Material für ein Blech 10, das diesen Anforderungen genügt, kommen beispielsweise Tiefziehbleche aus den Stahlsorten H380, H400, DX 52, DX 56, DX 60, H900 oder H1100 in Betracht. Diese Stahlsorten basieren im Wesentlichen auf der festigkeitssteigernden Wirkung von Mikrolegierungszusätzen wie beispielsweise Niob und/oder Titan und/oder Mangan und/oder Nickel. Es kommen grundsätzlich alle handelsüblichen Tiefziehbleche in Betracht, jedoch auch mikrolegierte Stahlbleche oder Bleche, die aus nichtrostendem Stahl, Kupfer, Aluminium und Legierungen hiervon gefertigt sind.As a material for a sheet 10 that meets these requirements, for example, deep-drawn sheets of steel grades H380, H400, DX 52, DX 56, DX 60, H900 or H1100 into consideration. These steel grades are based essentially on the strength-increasing effect of microalloying additives such as niobium and / or titanium and / or manganese and / or nickel. In principle, all commercially available deep-drawn sheets are suitable, but also microalloyed steel sheets or sheets made of stainless steel, copper, aluminum and alloys thereof.

Das Verhältnis der Blechdicke (0,25 mm bis 0,75 mm) zu der Tiefziehhöhe beträgt vorzugsweise im Verhältnis 18 bis 39. Die Blechdicke, aber auch die Abmessungen des Blechpaneels sind einerseits so gewählt, dass sie die Normen erfüllen. Andererseits jedoch so, dass die Umformung durch das Falten und Tiefziehen direkt ein Tritt- bzw. Setzelement mit den erwünschten Abmessungen ergibt. Bei den genannten Materialien kann es sich beispielsweise um eine Blechdicke von weniger als etwa 0,5 mm, vorzugsweise etwa 0,4 mm und eine Tief ziehhöhe (= Steghöhe oder Rillenhöhe) von etwa 10 mm bis etwa 12 mm, vorzugsweise etwa 10,25 mm bis etwa 11 mm handeln. Die Stegbreite liegt beispielsweise zwischen etwa 2,5 mm und etwa 5 mm, vorzugsweise bei etwa 2,6 mm und die Rillenbreite zwischen etwa 5 mm und etwa 7 mm, vorzugsweise bei etwa 6,4 mm. So kann beispielsweise erreicht werden, dass aus einem Blechpaneel mit einer Breite von etwa 3200 mm nach dem Wellen und Falten sowie Tiefziehen genau eine Breite von etwa 1000 mm oder etwa 800 mm oder etwa 600 mm oder etwa 1200 mm oder etwa 1400 mm eines Trittelementes bzw. Setzelementes resultiert.The ratio of the sheet thickness (0.25 mm to 0.75 mm) to the deep drawing height is preferably in the ratio 18 to 39. The sheet thickness, but also the dimensions of the sheet metal panel are on the one hand chosen so that they meet the standards. On the other hand, however, so that the deformation by folding and deep drawing directly results in a stepping or setting element with the desired dimensions. For the mentioned materials For example, it may be a sheet thickness of less than about 0.5 mm, preferably about 0.4 mm, and a draw height (= web height or groove height) of about 10 mm to about 12 mm, preferably about 10.25 mm to about 11 mm act. The ridge width is, for example, between about 2.5 mm and about 5 mm, preferably about 2.6 mm and the groove width between about 5 mm and about 7 mm, preferably about 6.4 mm. Thus, for example, it can be achieved that from a sheet metal panel with a width of about 3200 mm after the corrugation and folding and deep drawing exactly a width of about 1000 mm or about 800 mm or about 600 mm or about 1200 mm or about 1400 mm of a tread element or Setting element results.

Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass vorgängig eine Tiefziehvorrichtung beschrieben wurde, bei der die Platten horizontal angeordnet sind und auch das Werkstück horizontal auf dem Werkzeug zu liegen kommt. Es sind jedoch auch senkrechte, stehende Anordnungen denkbar und hiermit offenbart.It should be noted that previously a deep-drawing device was described in which the plates are arranged horizontally and also the workpiece comes to lie horizontally on the tool. However, there are also vertical, standing arrangements conceivable and hereby disclosed.

Weiters wird darauf hingewiesen, dass vorgängig beschrieben wurde, dass das Werkzeug 106 (verstellbare) Ausnehmungen 103 und die Tiefziehplatte 110 Vorsprünge aufweisen. Das Umgekehrte, nämlich Vorsprünge am Werkzeug 106 und die (verstellbaren) Ausnehmungen an der Tiefziehplatte 110, kann auch realisiert werden, wobei dann allerdings für die Tiefziehplatte 110 eine Führung für eine Verstellbarkeit der Ausnehmungen vorgesehen sein muss.It should also be noted that it has previously been described that the tool 106 (adjustable) recesses 103 and the deep drawing plate 110 have projections. The reverse, namely projections on the tool 106 and the (adjustable) recesses on the deep-drawing plate 110, can also be realized, in which case, however, a guide for an adjustability of the recesses must be provided for the deep-drawing plate 110.

Weiters wird darauf hingewiesen, dass, wie vorgängig beschrieben wurde, bei der Tiefziehvorrichtung 100 sowohl die Matrize bzw. die Lamellen als auch der Stempel 120 des Werkzeuges 106 bzw. die Tiefziehplatte 110 oder sogar beide, durch einen beispielsweise horizontalen Nebenantrieb bzw. Antrieb, das Werkstück 10 zusammenfalten können. Ausserdem weisen die Stege vorzugsweise einen Winkel "W" auf, der zwischen 0 Grad und 17 Grad Neigung hat, vorzugsweise 2 Grad bis 11 Grad.It should also be noted that, as previously described, in the deep-drawing apparatus 100 both the die or the lamellae and the punch 120 of the tool 106 or the deep-drawing plate 110 or even both, by an example horizontal drive or drive, the Can fold workpiece 10. In addition, the webs preferably have an angle "W" between the 0 degrees and 17 degrees inclination, preferably 2 degrees to 11 degrees.

Die erfindungsgemässe Tiefziehvorrichtung 100 ermöglicht somit ein erfindungsgemässes Verfahren, bei dem das Werkstück 10 eingelegt oder eingespannt, dann durch das Schliessen der Ausnehmungen 103 gefaltet und erst dann tiefgezogen wird.The inventive deep-drawing device 100 thus enables a method according to the invention, in which the workpiece 10 is inserted or clamped, then folded by the closing of the recesses 103 and only then deep-drawn.

Claims (15)

  1. Deep-drawing device (100) for flat shaped workpieces (10), having a base plate (140), having a counter plate (130), having a tool (106) and a deep-drawing plate (110), the three plates (110, 130, 140) being equipped with a common guide (122a to 122d), and the deep-drawing plate (110) and the counter plate (130) enclosing the tool (106), the deep-drawing plate (110) having at least two projections (112) and the tool (106) having corresponding recesses (103) between lamellae (101), the tool (106) and the deep-drawing plate (110) being movable relative to one another by a first drive in guides (122a to 122d) of the common guide along a deep-drawing axis (A2) in a way, in that the projections (112) of the deep-drawing plate (110) travel into the corresponding recesses (103) of the tool (106), and the tool (106) having adjustable lamella gaps (102) between the lamellae (101), and the recesses (103) thereby being adjustable, characterized in that the lamella gaps (102) are adjustable by a second drive along a folding axis (A1) arranged perpendicular to the deep-drawing axis (A2) in a region between a receiving position (PA) of the tool (106) and an end position (PE),
    in that the workpiece (10) can be folded from the receiving position (PA) to the end position (PE) by means of the adjustability of the lamella gaps (102),
    and in that the projections (112) of the deep-drawing plate (110) subsequently retract with the first drive into the corresponding recesses (103) of the tool (106).
  2. Deep-drawing device (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the lamella gaps (102) are adjustable in their width and in their positions (P1, P2) on the tool (106).
  3. Deep-drawing device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a compressed air device (108) is provided which blows or sucks the workpiece (10) onto the tool (106).
  4. Deep-drawing device (100) according to claim 3, characterized in that a straightening plate (109) can be retracted between the workpiece (10) and the deep-drawing plate (110) for folding the workpiece (10), the straightening plate (109) being supported by means of pressure against the workpiece (10) on projections (112) of the deep-drawing plate (110).
  5. Deep-drawing device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the projections (112) of the deep-drawing plate (110) are retractable such that the deep-drawing plate (110) has a planar underside (113).
  6. Deep-drawing device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deep-drawing plate (110) has retractable punch elements corresponding to a receiving position (PA) of the tool (106) so that pressure against the tool (106) corrugates the workpiece (10).
  7. Deep-drawing device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is designed for the production of workpieces (10) formed from flat surfaces, in particular deep-drawing sheets, in particular H380 or H400 or DX 52, DX 56, DX 60, H900, H1100 steel (fine) sheet, of tread elements and riser elements of a step of an escalator or a pallet of a moving walkway.
  8. Deep-drawing device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool (106) has lamella gaps (102) which are hydraulically adjustable.
  9. Deep-drawing device (100) according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the tool (106) has lamella gaps (102) which can be adjusted simultaneously by means of a spindle drive.
  10. Deep-drawing device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the projections (112) have a cross-sectional profile which tapers or widens towards the deep-drawing plate (110).
  11. Deep-drawing device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the projections (112) have an angle "W" having between 0 degrees and 17 degrees.
  12. Method for deep-drawing a flat formed workpiece (10) with a deep-drawing device (100) according to any of claims 1 to 11, having the following steps in the following order:
    - importing the flat formed or wavy preformed workpiece (10) between the tool (106) and the deep-drawing plate (110);
    - adjusting the lamella gaps (102) of the tool (106) by means of a second drive along a folding axis (A1) arranged perpendicular to the deep-drawing axis (A2) so that the workpiece (10) is folded;
    - deep-drawing the folded workpiece (10) by relative movement of the tool (106) against the deep-drawing plate (110) by means of the first drive, so that the projections (112) of the deep-drawing plate (110) penetrate into the recesses (103) of the tool (106), forming slot-like depressions (114) of the workpiece (10).
  13. Method according to claim 12 for forming a tread element or riser element of a step of an escalator, having the following step after importing of the workpiece (10) and before adjusting of the lamella gaps (102):
    - sucking or blowing the workpiece (10) onto the tool (106) by means of a compressed air device (108).
  14. Method according to claim 12 for forming a tread element or riser element of a step of an escalator, having the following steps after importing the workpiece (10), in the following order:
    - inserting a levelling plate (109) between the workpiece (10) and the deep-drawing plate (110);
    - adjusting a distance (D) between the tool (106) and the deep-drawing plate (110) so that the levelling plate (109) abuts against the projections (112) of the deep-drawing plate (110) and the workpiece (10) abuts against the thus supported levelling plate (109);
    and having the following steps after adjusting the lamella gaps (102), in the following order:
    - adjusting the distance (D) between the tool (106) and the deep-drawing plate (110);
    - removing the levelling plate (109);
  15. Method for deep-drawing according to one of the claims 12 to 14, wherein the flat formed workpiece (10) is a flat sheet, having the following steps in the following order:
    - placing the lamella gaps (102) of the tool (106) in a receiving position (PA);
    - countersinking a first array of the projections (112) and a second array of the projections into the deep-drawing plate (110);
    - inserting the planar sheet (10) between the tool (106) and the deep-drawing plate (110);
    - adjusting the second array of the projections so that the planar sheet (10) is corrugated;
    - countersinking the second array of the projections;
    - adjusting a distance (D) between the tool (106) and the deep-drawing plate (110) such that the undulating formed sheet (10) abuts an underside (113) of the deep-drawing plate (110);
    - adjusting the lamella gaps (102) of the tool (106) from the receiving position (PA) to an end position (PE) such that the undulating formed sheet (10) is folded;
    - adjusting the first arrangement of the projections (112) so that the folded sheet (10) is deep-drawn by penetration of the projections (112) of the deep-drawing plate (110) into the end position (PE) of the recesses (103) of the tool (106).
EP08804209.8A 2007-10-01 2008-09-15 Deep-drawing device Not-in-force EP2205373B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08804209.8A EP2205373B1 (en) 2007-10-01 2008-09-15 Deep-drawing device

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07117651 2007-10-01
EP07117648 2007-10-01
EP07117647 2007-10-01
EP08804209.8A EP2205373B1 (en) 2007-10-01 2008-09-15 Deep-drawing device
PCT/EP2008/062249 WO2009047088A2 (en) 2007-10-01 2008-09-15 Deep-drawing device

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EP2205373A2 EP2205373A2 (en) 2010-07-14
EP2205373B1 true EP2205373B1 (en) 2019-04-24

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KR (1) KR101545364B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101970146B (en)
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WO2009047088A2 (en) 2009-04-16
CA2699318A1 (en) 2009-04-16
CN101970146A (en) 2011-02-09
MX2010003345A (en) 2010-04-09
WO2009047088A3 (en) 2009-09-24
KR20100075971A (en) 2010-07-05
BRPI0818695A2 (en) 2015-09-01
US8915113B2 (en) 2014-12-23
CA2699318C (en) 2016-06-28
KR101545364B1 (en) 2015-08-18
CN101970146B (en) 2013-03-20
RU2010117207A (en) 2011-11-10
RU2476285C2 (en) 2013-02-27
US20100218442A1 (en) 2010-09-02
EP2205373A2 (en) 2010-07-14

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