EP2204048A2 - Magnetic structure for the iron-free motor of electrodynamic loudspeaker, motors and loudspeakers - Google Patents

Magnetic structure for the iron-free motor of electrodynamic loudspeaker, motors and loudspeakers

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Publication number
EP2204048A2
EP2204048A2 EP08836843A EP08836843A EP2204048A2 EP 2204048 A2 EP2204048 A2 EP 2204048A2 EP 08836843 A EP08836843 A EP 08836843A EP 08836843 A EP08836843 A EP 08836843A EP 2204048 A2 EP2204048 A2 EP 2204048A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic
magnets
magnet
covering
magnetic structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08836843A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2204048B1 (en
Inventor
Guy Lemarquand
Benoît MERIT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universite du Maine
Orkidia Audio
Original Assignee
Universite du Maine
Orkidia Audio
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universite du Maine, Orkidia Audio filed Critical Universite du Maine
Publication of EP2204048A2 publication Critical patent/EP2204048A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2204048B1 publication Critical patent/EP2204048B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2209/00—Details of transducers of the moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type covered by H04R9/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2209/022—Aspects regarding the stray flux internal or external to the magnetic circuit, e.g. shielding, shape of magnetic circuit, flux compensation coils

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a magnetic structure for a motor without an electrodynamic loudspeaker, motors comprising such a structure as well as loudspeakers. It has applications in the industrial field of sound reproduction and sound, including premises.
  • Electrodynamic loudspeakers usually comprise a cylindrical coil mechanically secured to an emissive acoustic surface, also called a membrane.
  • the spool is generally carried by a straight mandrel integral with the membrane.
  • This emissive acoustic surface is usually conical (cone) or spherical (dome).
  • the loudspeakers have a cylindrical axis of symmetry in general although there are elliptical loudspeakers. They also include a fixed magnetic circuit whose function is to create in a gap a radial magnetic field on the coil.
  • the magnetic iron cores generally comprise an annular or discoidal magnet with axial magnetization and ferromagnetic parts intended to channel the magnetic flux through the coil.
  • the application WO 96/04706 "Axially focused radial magnet voice coil actuator" of M. STRUGACH, proposes the use of radial magnets.
  • the proposed magnetic element comprises iron or a soft ferromagnetic material.
  • the high-speed engine has a superimposition of three magnets of the same remanent magnetization and polarizations of the magnetic fields alternated at 90 ° to each other and whose magnetic polarization orientations are such that the looping of the magnetic field outside the magnets is essentially on the side of the air gap as shown in Figure 4 of this document.
  • the invention relates to a magnetic field generating magnetic field for an electrodynamic moving coil loudspeakerless motor, the magnetic structure generating a magnetic field in a gap in which the coil is disposed, said magnetic structure being formed of the stack of three magnets corresponding to an intermediate magnet and two top and bottom overlapping magnets, said magnets having their edges delimiting the air gap aligned and forming a right gap border, said magnets being furthermore contiguous, intermediate magnet having a radial magnetic polarization, the cover magnets having the same magnetic polarization and substantially identical remanent magnetizations.
  • the covering magnets have a radial or axial magnetic polarization and when the magnetic polarization of the covering magnets is radial, the remanent magnetization of each covering magnet is greater than the remanent magnetization of the intermediate magnet, and when the magnetic polarization of the lap magnets is axial, the remanent magnetization of each lap magnet is less than the remanent magnetization of the intermediate magnet.
  • magnet in the context of the invention covers both a single magnet (pellet, ring / crown), an assembly of magnets (including tiles) as will be explained.
  • the residual magnetization of each covering magnet is greater or lesser than 1% of the remanent magnetization of the intermediate magnet, and preferably 5%,
  • the residual magnetization of each covering magnet is greater than or less than 10% of the residual magnetization of the intermediate magnet
  • the covering magnets are identical to one another in size
  • the covering magnets are identical to one another in volume
  • the covering magnets are identical to one another in shape
  • the widths of the covering magnets are identical
  • the width of each covering magnet is smaller than the width of the intermediate magnet
  • the width of each covering magnet is equal to the width of the intermediate magnet
  • the width of each covering magnet is greater than the width of the intermediate magnet
  • edges on the air gap of each of the three magnets are on the same vertical generatrix, (the edges of each of the three magnets bordering the gap are aligned)
  • the three magnets have the same magnetic polarization, the polarization being radial (horizontal), the polar faces of the same sign of the three magnets bordering the air gap, the remanent magnetization of each covering magnet being greater than the residual magnetization of the magnet; intermediate magnet,
  • the intermediate magnet has a radial magnetic polarization (horizontal) and the two magnets cover a coaxial magnetic polarization (vertical because parallel to) to the axis of symmetry of the loudspeaker, the signs of the polar faces of the covering magnets at the contact of the intermediate magnet being identical and of the same sign than that of the polar face bordering the gap of the intermediate magnet, the remanent magnetization of each covering magnet being lower than the remanent magnetization of the intermediate magnet,
  • At least one of the magnets with radial magnetic polarization consists of an assembly of elementary magnets (or tiles) juxtaposed on a circumference (or other suitable form) to form a ring or ring,
  • magnets block crown (monolithic block / piece)
  • magnets with magnetic polarization coaxial with the axis of symmetry of the loudspeaker are pellet block magnets (monolithic / one-piece block)
  • the magnetic structure is internal
  • the magnetic structure is external
  • the magnetic structure is cylindrically symmetrical
  • the dimensions and magnetizations of the internal magnetic structure are independent of those of the external magnetic structure (indeed, apart from the case of a cylindrical symmetry, more generally the internal structure creates its own uniform field with its own dimensions and the external structure creates its own uniform field with its own dimensions, the total field being the sum of the two, always uniform, in general the possible defects of one structure can be compensated by the other structure)
  • the loudspeaker r is circular, elliptical, even square or substantially square.
  • the invention also relates to an electrodynamic loudspeaker motor such that it comprises a single magnetic structure according to one or more of the described characteristics, said magnetic structure being able to be internal (towards the center of the motor) or external with respect to the coil.
  • the invention also relates to a motor for an electrodynamic loudspeaker such that it comprises in opposite and same level (height) two internal and external magnetic structures with respect to the coil, each of the structures being according to one or
  • the magnetic polarizations of similar magnets are identical in two magnetic structures.
  • the magnetic structures are symmetrical geometrically and by revolution with respect to the coil. In another, they are not, or only partly.
  • the invention finally relates to a loudspeaker comprising a motor according to one or more of the characteristics described.
  • one of the aims of the invention is to obtain, in the air gap along the generatrix carrying the coil, a substantially constant induction (magnetic field) and, preferably, a height corresponding at least substantially to the height. of the external magnet.
  • An induction is considered to be substantially constant if it does not vary more than 1% and, preferably, even better, if it does not vary by more than 0.5%, over the height considered.
  • Figure 1 which shows a schematic vertical section of a voice coil loudspeaker, the section passing through the vertical anteroposterior axis of cylindrical symmetry of said loudspeaker and showing a first type of electrodynamic motor with external magnetic structure and even magnetic radial polarization of magnets
  • Figure 2 which shows a schematic vertical section of a voice coil loudspeaker, the cut passing through the vertical anteroposterior axis of cylindrical symmetry of said loudspeaker and showing a second type of electrodynamic motor with external magnetic structure and even radial magnetic polarization of magnets
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic vertical section of a voice coil loudspeaker, the section passing through the vertical anteroposterior axis of cylindrical symmetry of said loudspeaker and showing a first type of electrodynamic motor with external magnetic structure and even magnetic radial polarization of magnets
  • Figure 2 which shows a schematic vertical section of a voice coil loudspeaker, the cut passing through the vertical anteroposterior axis of cylindrical symmetry
  • FIG. 3 which represents a schematic vertical section of a voice coil loudspeaker, the section passing through the antero-posterior axis vertical plane of cylindrical symmetry of said loudspeaker and showing a third type of electrodynamic motor with external magnetic structure and even magnetic radial polarization of magnets
  • Figure 4 which shows a schematic vertical section of a voice coil loudspeaker, the section passing through the vertical anteroposterior axis of cylindrical symmetry of said loudspeaker and showing a fourth type of electrodynamic motor with external magnetic structure and magnetic cross-polarizations of magnets
  • Figure 5 which shows a schematic vertical section of a top voice coil loudspeaker, the section passing through the vertical anteroposterior axis of cylindrical symmetry of said loudspeaker and showing a fifth type of electrodynamic motor with external and internal magnetic structures of the same magnetic radial polarization of magnets and with symmetry of revolution in magnetization and size between the internal and external structures
  • Figure 6 which represents a schematic vertical section of a loudspeaker
  • the loudspeaker 1 in Figure 1 comprises a coil 2 carried by a mandrel 3 secured to a membrane 4 and 4 'which is not detailed here and which are movable elements of the top speaker.
  • the coil is immersed in a static magnetic field in an air gap (the term gap is used generically even if there is no iron for looping of the magnetic field outside the gap in the engine of the invention which is without iron).
  • the magnetic field of the gap is created by a fixed magnetic structure 5 generating said magnetic field and which is here external.
  • a force is generated which causes displacements called excurations of the coil, mandrel and membrane.
  • the other elements of the speaker such as the salad bowl or the / the mechanical suspensions ("spider" in particular) are not shown for reasons of simplification.
  • the magnetic structure is in this external example because to the outside of the mandrel 3 door coil 2 (the axis 6 of cylindrical symmetry of the loudspeaker 1 is considered central and is inward relative to the mandrel / coil).
  • the magnetic structure comprises a stack of three magnets, an intermediate 8 and two top cover 7 and bottom 9, of the same radial magnetic polarization (horizontal in Figure 1): the signs of the polar faces on the air gap are identical (either North, be south).
  • the width (horizontal measurement in Figure 1) of all these magnets is identical.
  • the intermediate magnet 8 has a remanent magnetization less than that of each of the two overlapping magnets 5 and 9.
  • the upper (upper) and lower (lower) (lower) ) sandwich the intermediate magnet 8, all these magnets being contiguous to each other.
  • the loudspeaker of FIG. 1 implements two rings with radial magnetic polarizations (covering magnets 7 and 9), one above and one below the magnetic biasing intermediate magnet 8. radial.
  • the magnets constituting these two rings 7 and 9 have a remanent magnetization greater than the remanent magnetization of the intermediate magnet 8.
  • magnet in the context of the invention covers both a single magnet and a magnet formed of the assembly of several elementary magnets. This last case is essentially considered for magnets with radial magnetic polarization (horizontal in the Figure) for which we can implement assemblies of elementary magnets (also called tiles) juxtaposed on a conference (or ellipse or other depending on the type loudspeaker).
  • the magnetic structure 5 is internal to the mandrel, that is to say disposed towards the center of the speaker relative to the mandrel.
  • two identical magnetic structures are implemented on either side of the mandrel. In the latter case, it is understood that since the diameters are different between the structure magnetic internal and external, the own magnetic fields generated can be different between the two structures.
  • the volumes of the magnets are adjusted to equalize these magnetic fields between the internal and external structures.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show variants in which the high covering magnets 7 ', 7 “and low 9', 9” have identical widths but width which is however lower ( Figure 2) or greater ( Figure 3) to that of the intermediate magnet 8 ', 8 "In the magnetic structures 5' and 5" of Figures 2 and 3, the cover magnets 7 ', 7 “and 9', 9” are arranged so that their polar faces the air gap are on the same plane as that of the intermediate magnet 8 ', 8 ".It is understood that this is valid for both an internal magnetic structure and external (with respect to the spool mandrel) so that the edge of gap be straight.
  • the intermediate magnet is N48 10mm high and 12mm wide and the cover magnets are N52 and each have a height of 3mm and a width of 10mm.
  • This configuration makes it possible to obtain a uniform magnetic field of 0.77 Tesla in a 2 mm wide gap at the coil-carrying mandrel (which is then approximately 1 mm from the edge of the gap).
  • the intermediate magnet 8 has a radial magnetic polarization (horizontal in the FIG.)
  • the magnetic polarizations of the high 11 and the low 12 overlapping magnets are, when they are axial (vertical on the Figure and therefore parallel to the axis of symmetry 6 of the speaker).
  • these magnetic polarizations of the covering magnets 11, 12 are opposed to each other. The signs of the polar faces of these three magnets are such that the generated magnetic field is preferentially directed towards the gap.
  • the looping (loopback) of the generated magnetic field is quoted air gap since the polar side of the air gap of the intermediate magnet 8 is of sign opposite to the sign of the free polar faces (high and low in the Figure) 11 and 12 overlapping magnets.
  • the remanent magnetization of the intermediate magnet 8 is greater than the remanent magnetization of each of the covering magnets 1 1 or 1 2.
  • a configuration according to FIG 4 with intermediate magnet 8 of 1, 4 Tesla and cover magnets 1 1, 1 2 of 1, 1 Tesla each, could be calculated and it generates a magnetic induction of 0.62 Tesla on 65% of the height of the intermediate magnet.
  • the dimensions and / or magnetizations of the internal magnetic structure are independent of those of the external magnetic structure. Two embodiments of this type have been shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. It will therefore be understood that all the combinations of size difference and / or magnetization between the internal and external structures are envisaged within the scope of the invention.
  • the global organizations of the magnetic polarization of the internal and external magnetic structures remain identical, ie all radial internally and externally (see FIG. 5 and 6) or both in axial + radial combination (see Fig. 7).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a magnetic structure (5, 5', 5",10) generating a magnetic field for the iron-free motor of an electrodynamic loudspeaker (1) having a mobile coil (2), the magnetic structure generating a magnetic field in an air gap in which the coil is provided, said magnetic structure being formed of a stack of three magnets corresponding to an intermediate magnet (8, 8', 8") and two upper and lower covering magnets (7, 9) (7', 9') (7",9") (11,12), said magnets defining a straight air gap edge and being contiguous, the intermediate magnet having a radial magnetic bias and the covering magnets having the same magnetic bias and remanent magnetisations. According to the invention, the covering magnets have a radial (7,9) (7',9') (7",9") or axial (11,12) magnetic bias and when the magnetic bias of the covering magnets is radial, the remanent magnetisation of each covering magnet is higher than the remanent magnetisation of the intermediate magnet, while when the magnetic bias of the covering magnets is axial, the remanent magnetisation of each covering magnet is lower than the remanent magnetisation of the intermediate magnet. The invention also relates to motors.

Description

Structure magnétique pour moteur sans fer de haut-parleur électrodynamique, moteurs et haut-parleu rs Magnetic structure for motor without electrodynamic loudspeaker, motors and loudspeakers
La présente invention concerne u ne structu re magnétique pour moteur sans fer de haut-parleur électrodynamique, des moteurs comportant une telle structure ainsi que des haut-parleurs. Elle a des applications dans le domaine industriel de la restitution sonore et de la sonorisation, notamment de locaux.The present invention relates to a magnetic structure for a motor without an electrodynamic loudspeaker, motors comprising such a structure as well as loudspeakers. It has applications in the industrial field of sound reproduction and sound, including premises.
Les haut-parleurs électrodynamiques comportent habituellement une bobine cyli ndrique mécaniquement solidaire d'une surface acoustique émissive encore appelée membrane. La bobine est généralement portée par un mandrin droit solidai re de la membrane. Cette surface acoustique émissive est habituellement de forme conique (cône) ou sphérique (dôme). Les haut-parleurs ont u n axe de symétrie cylindrique en général bien qu'il existe des haut-parleu rs elliptiques. Ils comportent également un ci rcuit magnétique fixe dont la fonction est de créer dans un entrefer un champ magnétique radial sur la bobine.Electrodynamic loudspeakers usually comprise a cylindrical coil mechanically secured to an emissive acoustic surface, also called a membrane. The spool is generally carried by a straight mandrel integral with the membrane. This emissive acoustic surface is usually conical (cone) or spherical (dome). The loudspeakers have a cylindrical axis of symmetry in general although there are elliptical loudspeakers. They also include a fixed magnetic circuit whose function is to create in a gap a radial magnetic field on the coil.
Pour obteni r une restitution sonore de qualité, il est souhaitable d'avoir une induction magnétique la plus constante possible le long d'une génératrice de l'entrefer, celle su r laquelle est placée et se déplace la bobine. En effet, les variations de cette induction induisent des distorsions sonores lorsque la bobine se déplace.To obtain a quality sound reproduction, it is desirable to have a magnetic induction as constant as possible along a generatrix of the gap, the one on which is placed and moves the coil. Indeed, the variations of this induction induce sound distortions when the coil moves.
Les ci rcuits magnétiques à fer selon l'état de l'art comportent généralement un aimant annulaire ou discoïdal à aimantation axiale et des pièces ferromagnétiques destinées à canaliser le flux magnétique à travers la bobine. C'est ainsi que la demande WO 96/04706 « Axially focused radial magnet voice coil actuator » de M. STRUGACH, propose l'utilisation d'aimants radiaux. De plus, le ci rcuit magnétique proposé comporte du fer ou un matériau ferromagnétique doux.The magnetic iron cores according to the state of the art generally comprise an annular or discoidal magnet with axial magnetization and ferromagnetic parts intended to channel the magnetic flux through the coil. Thus, the application WO 96/04706 "Axially focused radial magnet voice coil actuator" of M. STRUGACH, proposes the use of radial magnets. In addition, the proposed magnetic element comprises iron or a soft ferromagnetic material.
Les défauts induits par la présence du fer dans le ci rcuit magnétique sont désormais bien établis. En conséquence, depuis quelques années, des structu res de ci rcuits magnétiques sans fer sont proposées. Ainsi, le brevet EP-O 503 860 «Transducer motor assembly » de W. HOUSE ne mentionne pas explicitement la présence de fer et propose l'utilisation de deux aimants axiaux en répulsion. Cette dernière structure, a été améliorée en utilisant un aimant radial entre deux aimants axiaux par le brevet EP-1 553 802 « Magnetic ci rcuit and speaker » de OHASH I . Dans ce dernier document, le moteur de haut parleu r comporte une superposition de trois aimants de même aimantation rémanente et de polarisations des champs magnétiques alternées à 90 ° les unes des autres et dont les orientations de la polarisation magnétique sont telles que le rebouclage du champ magnétique en dehors des aimants se fait essentiellement du coté de l'entrefer comme représenté Figure 4 de ce document.The defects induced by the presence of iron in the magnetic element are now well established. As a result, in recent years, magnetic ironless structures have been proposed. Thus, the patent EP-0 503 860 "Transducer motor assembly" of W. HOUSE does not explicitly mention the presence of iron and proposes the use of two axial magnets in repulsion. This latter structure has been improved by using a radial magnet between two axial magnets by the patent EP-1 553 802 "Magnetic ci rcuit and speaker" of OHASH I. In this last document, the high-speed engine has a superimposition of three magnets of the same remanent magnetization and polarizations of the magnetic fields alternated at 90 ° to each other and whose magnetic polarization orientations are such that the looping of the magnetic field outside the magnets is essentially on the side of the air gap as shown in Figure 4 of this document.
Enfin, les circuits magnétiques utilisant des aimants de sections triangulai res ont été proposés dans la demande de brevet FR-05/53331 , « Transducteur électrodynamique, applications aux haut-parleurs et géophones » de G. LEMARQUAN D, V. LEMARQUAN D et B. RICHOUX. Si ces derniers circuits magnétiques sont performants, ils nécessitent toutefois un usinage coûteux des aimants.Finally, the magnetic circuits using magnets of triangular sections have been proposed in the patent application FR-05/53331, "Electrodynamic transducer, applications to loudspeakers and geophones" G. LEMARQUAN D, V. LEMARQUAN D and B RICHOUX. If the latter magnetic circuits are efficient, they require expensive machining magnets.
Il est donc souhaitable de mettre en œuvre u n moteur électrodynamique sans fer, qui présente de bonnes performances, notamment grâce à une bonne régularité du champ magnétique dans l'entrefer, et qui soit relativement simple et peu coûteux à réaliser. C'est un des buts fixés par la présente i nvention qui met en œuvre un/des aimants permanents à champ magnétique interne radial.It is therefore desirable to implement an electrodynamic motor without iron, which has good performance, in particular thanks to a good regularity of the magnetic field in the gap, and which is relatively simple and inexpensive to achieve. This is one of the goals set by the present invention which implements permanent magnet (s) with a radial internal magnetic field.
Ainsi , l'invention concerne une structure magnétique génératrice de champ magnétique pour moteur sans fer de haut-parleur électrodynamique à bobine mobile, la structure magnétique générant un champ magnétique dans un entrefer dans lequel est disposée la bobine, ladite structu re magnétique étant formée de l'empilement de trois aimants correspondant à un aimant intermédiaire et deux aimants de recouvrement haut et bas, lesdits ai mants ayant leu rs bords délimitant l'entrefer alignés et formant une bordure d'entrefer droite, lesdits aimants étant en outre accolés, l'aimant intermédiaire ayant une polarisation magnétique radiale, les aimants de recouvrement ayant une même polarisation magnétique et des aimantations rémanentes sensiblement identiques.Thus, the invention relates to a magnetic field generating magnetic field for an electrodynamic moving coil loudspeakerless motor, the magnetic structure generating a magnetic field in a gap in which the coil is disposed, said magnetic structure being formed of the stack of three magnets corresponding to an intermediate magnet and two top and bottom overlapping magnets, said magnets having their edges delimiting the air gap aligned and forming a right gap border, said magnets being furthermore contiguous, intermediate magnet having a radial magnetic polarization, the cover magnets having the same magnetic polarization and substantially identical remanent magnetizations.
Selon l'invention, les aimants de recouvrement ont une polarisation magnétique radiale ou axiale et lorsque la polarisation magnétique des aimants de recouvrement est radiale, l'aimantation rémanente de chaque aimant de recouvrement est supérieure à l 'aimantation rémanente de l'aimant intermédiaire, et lorsque la polarisation magnétique des aimants de recouvrement est axiale, l 'aimantation rémanente de chaque aimant de recouvrement est inférieu re à l'ai mantation rémanente de l'aimant intermédiaire. Le terme aimant dans le contexte de l'invention couvre aussi bien un aimant unique (pastille, anneau/couronne), qu'un assemblage d'aimants (notamment tuiles) comme cela va être explicité.According to the invention, the covering magnets have a radial or axial magnetic polarization and when the magnetic polarization of the covering magnets is radial, the remanent magnetization of each covering magnet is greater than the remanent magnetization of the intermediate magnet, and when the magnetic polarization of the lap magnets is axial, the remanent magnetization of each lap magnet is less than the remanent magnetization of the intermediate magnet. The term magnet in the context of the invention covers both a single magnet (pellet, ring / crown), an assembly of magnets (including tiles) as will be explained.
Dans divers modes de mise en œuvre de l'invention, les moyens suivants pouvant être utilisés seuls ou selon toutes les combinaisons techniquement possibles, sont employés :In various embodiments of the invention, the following means can be used alone or in any technically possible combination, are employed:
- l'aimantation rémanente de chaque aimant de recouvrement est supérieure ou inférieure selon le cas, de 1 % de l 'aimantation rémanente de l'aimant intermédiaire et, de préférence, de 5%,the residual magnetization of each covering magnet is greater or lesser than 1% of the remanent magnetization of the intermediate magnet, and preferably 5%,
- l'aimantation rémanente de chaque aimant de recouvrement est supérieure ou inférieure selon le cas, de 1 0% de l'aimantation rémanente de l'aimant intermédiaire,the residual magnetization of each covering magnet is greater than or less than 10% of the residual magnetization of the intermediate magnet,
- dans une structure magnétique, les aimants de recouvrement sont identiques entre eux en outre en taille,in a magnetic structure, the covering magnets are identical to one another in size,
- dans une structure magnétique, les aimants de recouvrement sont identiques entre eux en outre en volume,in a magnetic structure, the covering magnets are identical to one another in volume,
- dans une structure magnétique, les aimants de recouvrement sont identiques entre eux en outre en forme,in a magnetic structure, the covering magnets are identical to one another in shape,
- dans une structure magnétique, les largeurs des aimants de recouvrement sont identiques,in a magnetic structure, the widths of the covering magnets are identical,
- dans une structure magnétique, la largeur de chaque aimant de recouvrement est i nférieure à la largeur de l'aimant intermédiaire,in a magnetic structure, the width of each covering magnet is smaller than the width of the intermediate magnet,
- dans une structure magnétique, la largeur de chaque aimant de recouvrement est égale à la largeu r de l'aimant intermédiaire,in a magnetic structure, the width of each covering magnet is equal to the width of the intermediate magnet,
- dans une structure magnétique, la largeur de chaque aimant de recouvrement est supérieure à la largeur de l'aimant intermédiaire,in a magnetic structure, the width of each covering magnet is greater than the width of the intermediate magnet,
- les bords coté entrefer de chacun des trois aimants sont sur une même génératrice verticale, (les bords de chacun des trois aimants bordant l'entrefer sont alignées)the edges on the air gap of each of the three magnets are on the same vertical generatrix, (the edges of each of the three magnets bordering the gap are aligned)
- les trois aimants ont une même polarisation magnétique, la polarisation étant radiale (horizontale), les faces polaires de même signe des trois aimants bordant l'entrefer, l'aimantation rémanente de chaque aimant de recouvrement étant supérieure à l 'aimantation rémanente de l'aimant intermédiaire,the three magnets have the same magnetic polarization, the polarization being radial (horizontal), the polar faces of the same sign of the three magnets bordering the air gap, the remanent magnetization of each covering magnet being greater than the residual magnetization of the magnet; intermediate magnet,
- l'aimant intermédiaire a une polarisation magnétique radiale (horizontale) et les deux aimants de recouvrement une polarisation magnétique coaxiale (verticale car parallèle à) à l 'axe de symétrie du haut-parleur, les signes des faces polaires des aimants de recouvrement au contact de l 'aimant intermédiaire étant identiques et de même signe que celui de la face polaire bordant l'entrefer de l'aimant intermédiaire, l'aimantation rémanente de chaque aimant de recouvrement étant inférieure à l 'aimantation rémanente de l'aimant intermédiaire,the intermediate magnet has a radial magnetic polarization (horizontal) and the two magnets cover a coaxial magnetic polarization (vertical because parallel to) to the axis of symmetry of the loudspeaker, the signs of the polar faces of the covering magnets at the contact of the intermediate magnet being identical and of the same sign than that of the polar face bordering the gap of the intermediate magnet, the remanent magnetization of each covering magnet being lower than the remanent magnetization of the intermediate magnet,
- au moins un des aimants à polarisation magnétique radiale est constitué d'un assemblage d 'aimants élémentaires (ou tuiles) juxtaposés sur une ci rconférence (ou autre forme adaptée) pour former un anneau ou couronne,at least one of the magnets with radial magnetic polarization consists of an assembly of elementary magnets (or tiles) juxtaposed on a circumference (or other suitable form) to form a ring or ring,
- les aimants à polarisation magnétique coaxiale à l'axe de symétrie du haut-parleur sont des aimants bloc couronne, (bloc car monolithiques/d'une pièce)- magnets with magnetic polarization coaxial with the axis of symmetry of the loudspeaker are magnets block crown, (monolithic block / piece)
- les aimants à polarisation magnétique coaxiale à l'axe de symétrie du haut-parleur sont des aimants bloc pastille, (bloc car monolithiques/d'une pièce)magnets with magnetic polarization coaxial with the axis of symmetry of the loudspeaker are pellet block magnets (monolithic / one-piece block)
- la structure magnétique est interne,the magnetic structure is internal,
- la structure magnétique est externe,the magnetic structure is external,
- la structure magnétique est à symétrie cylindrique,the magnetic structure is cylindrically symmetrical,
- les dimensions et aimantations de la structu re magnétique interne sont indépendantes de celles de la structure magnétique externe, (en effet, en dehors du cas d'une symétrie cylindrique, plus généralement la structure interne crée son propre champ uniforme avec ses propres dimensions et la structure externe crée son propre champ uniforme avec ses propres dimensions, le champ total étant la somme des deux, toujours uniforme ; d'une manière générale, les éventuels défauts d'une structure peuvent être compensées par l'autre structu re)the dimensions and magnetizations of the internal magnetic structure are independent of those of the external magnetic structure (indeed, apart from the case of a cylindrical symmetry, more generally the internal structure creates its own uniform field with its own dimensions and the external structure creates its own uniform field with its own dimensions, the total field being the sum of the two, always uniform, in general the possible defects of one structure can be compensated by the other structure)
- le haut-parleu r est circulaire, elliptique voire carré ou sensiblement carré.the loudspeaker r is circular, elliptical, even square or substantially square.
L'invention concerne également un moteur pour haut-parleur électrodynamique tel qu 'il comporte une seule structure magnétique selon l'une ou plusieu rs des caractéristiques décrites, ladite structure magnétique pouvant être interne (vers le centre du moteur) ou externe par rapport à la bobine.The invention also relates to an electrodynamic loudspeaker motor such that it comprises a single magnetic structure according to one or more of the described characteristics, said magnetic structure being able to be internal (towards the center of the motor) or external with respect to the coil.
L'invention concerne également un moteur pour haut-parleur électrodynamique tel qu'il comporte en vis-à-vis et même niveau (hauteur) deux structures magnétiques interne et externe par rapport à la bobine, chacune des structures étant selon l 'une ou plusieu rs des caractéristiques décrites, les polarisations magnétiques des aimants semblables (recouvrement interne haut versus recouvrement externe haut ou intermédiaire interne versus intermédiaire externe ou recouvrement interne bas versus recouvrement externe bas) étant identiques dans les deux structu res magnétiques. Dans une variante les structures magnétiques sont symétriques géométriquement et par révolution par rapport à la bobine. Dans une autre, elles ne le sont pas ou seulement en partie.The invention also relates to a motor for an electrodynamic loudspeaker such that it comprises in opposite and same level (height) two internal and external magnetic structures with respect to the coil, each of the structures being according to one or In addition to the characteristics described, the magnetic polarizations of similar magnets (high internal overlap versus high or intermediate internal overlap versus external intermediate or low internal overlap versus low external overlap) are identical in two magnetic structures. In a variant, the magnetic structures are symmetrical geometrically and by revolution with respect to the coil. In another, they are not, or only partly.
L'invention concerne enfin un haut-parleur comportant un moteur selon l 'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques décrites.The invention finally relates to a loudspeaker comprising a motor according to one or more of the characteristics described.
Ainsi , un des buts de l'invention est d'obteni r dans l 'entrefer le long de la génératrice portant la bobine, une induction (champ magnétique) sensiblement constante et, de préférence, sur une hauteur correspondant au moins sensiblement à la hauteur de l'aimant i ntermédiai re. On considère qu'une induction est sensiblement constante si elle ne varie pas plus de 1 % et, de préférence, encore mieux, si elle ne varie pas de plus de 0,5%, sur la hauteur considérée.Thus, one of the aims of the invention is to obtain, in the air gap along the generatrix carrying the coil, a substantially constant induction (magnetic field) and, preferably, a height corresponding at least substantially to the height. of the external magnet. An induction is considered to be substantially constant if it does not vary more than 1% and, preferably, even better, if it does not vary by more than 0.5%, over the height considered.
La présente invention, sans qu'elle en soit pour autant limitée, va maintenant être exemplifiée avec la description qui suit de modes de réalisation en relation avec : la Figure 1 qui représente une coupe verticale schématique d'un haut- parleur à bobine mobile, la coupe passant par l 'axe antéro-postérieur vertical de symétrie cylindrique dudit haut-parleur et montrant un premier type de moteu r électrodynamique à structure magnétique externe et même polarisation magnétique radiale d'aimants, la Figure 2 qui représente une coupe verticale schématique d'un haut- parleur à bobine mobile, la coupe passant par l 'axe antéro-postérieur vertical de symétrie cylindrique dudit haut-parleur et montrant un deuxième type de moteur électrodynamique à structure magnétique externe et même polarisation magnétique radiale d'aimants, la Figure 3 qui représente une coupe verticale schématique d'un haut- parleur à bobine mobile, la coupe passant par l 'axe antéro-postérieur vertical de symétrie cylindrique dudit haut-parleur et montrant un troisième type de moteur électrodynamique à structure magnétique externe et même polarisation magnétique radiale d'aimants, la Figure 4 qui représente une coupe verticale schématique d'un haut- parleur à bobine mobile, la coupe passant par l 'axe antéro-postérieur vertical de symétrie cylindrique dudit haut-parleur et montrant un quatrième type de moteur électrodynamique à structure magnétique externe et polarisations magnétiques croisées d'aimants, la Figure 5 qui représente une coupe verticale schématique d'un haut- parleur à bobine mobile, la coupe passant par l 'axe antéro-postérieur vertical de symétrie cylindrique dudit haut-parleur et montrant un cinquième type de moteur électrodynamique à structures magnétiques externe et interne de même polarisation magnétique radiale d'aimants et à symétrie de révolution en aimantation et taille entre les structures interne et externe, la Figure 6 qui représente une coupe verticale schématique d'un haut- parleur à bobine mobile, la coupe passant par l 'axe antéro-postérieur vertical de symétrie cylindrique dudit haut-parleur et montrant un sixième type de moteur électrodynamique à structures magnétiques externe et interne ayant globalement les mêmes types polarisation magnétique radiale d'aimants mais sans symétrie parfaite de révolution en aimantation et taille entre les structures interne et externe, et la Figure 7 qui représente une coupe verticale schématique d'un haut- parleur à bobine mobile, la coupe passant par l 'axe antéro-postérieur vertical de symétrie cylindrique dudit haut-parleur et montrant un septième type de moteur électrodynamique à structures magnétiques externe et interne ayant chacune des polarisations magnétiques croisées d'aimants mais sans symétrie parfaite de révolution en taille entre les structures interne et externe.The present invention, without being thereby limited, will now be exemplified with the following description of embodiments in connection with: Figure 1 which shows a schematic vertical section of a voice coil loudspeaker, the section passing through the vertical anteroposterior axis of cylindrical symmetry of said loudspeaker and showing a first type of electrodynamic motor with external magnetic structure and even magnetic radial polarization of magnets, Figure 2 which shows a schematic vertical section of a voice coil loudspeaker, the cut passing through the vertical anteroposterior axis of cylindrical symmetry of said loudspeaker and showing a second type of electrodynamic motor with external magnetic structure and even radial magnetic polarization of magnets, FIG. 3 which represents a schematic vertical section of a voice coil loudspeaker, the section passing through the antero-posterior axis vertical plane of cylindrical symmetry of said loudspeaker and showing a third type of electrodynamic motor with external magnetic structure and even magnetic radial polarization of magnets, Figure 4 which shows a schematic vertical section of a voice coil loudspeaker, the section passing through the vertical anteroposterior axis of cylindrical symmetry of said loudspeaker and showing a fourth type of electrodynamic motor with external magnetic structure and magnetic cross-polarizations of magnets, Figure 5 which shows a schematic vertical section of a top voice coil loudspeaker, the section passing through the vertical anteroposterior axis of cylindrical symmetry of said loudspeaker and showing a fifth type of electrodynamic motor with external and internal magnetic structures of the same magnetic radial polarization of magnets and with symmetry of revolution in magnetization and size between the internal and external structures, Figure 6 which represents a schematic vertical section of a loudspeaker with moving coil, the section passing through the vertical anteroposterior axis of cylindrical symmetry of said loudspeaker and showing a sixth type of electrodynamic motor with external and internal magnetic structures having generally the same types magnetic radial polarization of magnets but without symmetry perfect of revolution in magnetization and size between the internal and external structures, and Figure 7 which shows a schematic vertical section of a voice coil speaker, the section passing through the vertical anteroposterior axis of cylindrical symmetry of said high and showing a seventh type of structural electrodynamic engine External and internal magnetic fields each having magnetic cross polarizations of magnets but without perfect symmetry of revolution in size between the internal and external structures.
Le haut-parleur 1 sur la Figure 1 comporte une bobine 2 portée par un mandrin 3 solidaire d'une membrane 4 et 4' que l 'on ne détaille pas ici et qui des sont des éléments mobiles du haut parleu r. La bobine baigne dans un champ magnétique statique dans un entrefer (le terme entrefer est utilisé génériquement même s'il n'y a pas de fer pour rebouclage du champ magnétique en dehors de l 'entrefer dans le moteur de l'invention qui est sans fer). Le champ magnétique de l'entrefer est créé par une structure magnétique 5 fixe génératrice dudit champ magnétique et qui est ici externe. Ainsi, en fonction d'un courant traversant la bobine, une force est générée qui provoque des déplacements appelés excu rsions de la bobine, du mandrin et de la membrane. A noter que les autres éléments du haut-parleur comme par exemple le saladier ou la/les suspensions mécaniques (« spider » notamment) ne sont pas représentés pour des raisons de simplification.The loudspeaker 1 in Figure 1 comprises a coil 2 carried by a mandrel 3 secured to a membrane 4 and 4 'which is not detailed here and which are movable elements of the top speaker. The coil is immersed in a static magnetic field in an air gap (the term gap is used generically even if there is no iron for looping of the magnetic field outside the gap in the engine of the invention which is without iron). The magnetic field of the gap is created by a fixed magnetic structure 5 generating said magnetic field and which is here external. Thus, as a function of a current flowing through the coil, a force is generated which causes displacements called excurations of the coil, mandrel and membrane. Note that the other elements of the speaker such as the salad bowl or the / the mechanical suspensions ("spider" in particular) are not shown for reasons of simplification.
La structu re magnétique est dans cet exemple externe car vers l'extérieur du mandrin 3 porte bobine 2 (l'axe 6 de symétrie cylindrique du haut-parleur 1 est considéré central et est vers l 'intérieur par rapport au mandrin/bobine). La structure magnétique comporte un empilement de trois aimants, un i ntermédiai re 8 et deux de recouvrement haut 7 et bas 9, de même polarisation magnétique radiale (horizontale sur la Figure 1 ) : les signes des faces polai res coté entrefer sont identiques (soit nord, soit sud). La largeur (mesure horizontale sur la Figu re 1 ) de tous ces aimants est identique. Les faces polai res (de même signe ici) de ces trois aimants côté entrefer viennent en continuité les unes des autres sur une même ligne droite verticale sensiblement parallèle à la génératrice du mandrin 3 et à l'axe de symétrie 6 du haut-parleur. Au repos, la bobine 2 est dans la partie médiane (selon la hauteur et donc l'excursion) de l 'entrefer. Lors des excursions la bobine se déplace dans cet entrefer.The magnetic structure is in this external example because to the outside of the mandrel 3 door coil 2 (the axis 6 of cylindrical symmetry of the loudspeaker 1 is considered central and is inward relative to the mandrel / coil). The magnetic structure comprises a stack of three magnets, an intermediate 8 and two top cover 7 and bottom 9, of the same radial magnetic polarization (horizontal in Figure 1): the signs of the polar faces on the air gap are identical (either North, be south). The width (horizontal measurement in Figure 1) of all these magnets is identical. The polar faces (of the same sign here) of these three gap-side magnets come in continuity from each other on the same vertical straight line substantially parallel to the generatrix of the mandrel 3 and to the axis of symmetry 6 of the loudspeaker. At rest, the coil 2 is in the middle part (according to the height and therefore the excursion) of the gap. During the excursions the coil moves in this gap.
Dans cette configu ration à polarisation magnétique radiale identique pour les trois aimants, l'aimant intermédiaire 8 a une aimantation rémanente inférieure à celle de chacun des deux aimants de recouvrement 5 et 9. Les aimants de recouvrement haut (supérieur) 5 et bas (inférieur) prennent en sandwich l'aimant intermédiaire 8, tous ces aimants étant accolés les uns aux autres.In this configuration with identical radial magnetic polarization for the three magnets, the intermediate magnet 8 has a remanent magnetization less than that of each of the two overlapping magnets 5 and 9. The upper (upper) and lower (lower) (lower) ) sandwich the intermediate magnet 8, all these magnets being contiguous to each other.
Ainsi , le haut-parleur de la Figure 1 met en œuvre deux bagues à polarisations magnétiques radiales (aimants de recouvrement 7 et 9), l'une au-dessus et l'autre en dessous de l'aimant intermédiai re 8 à polarisation magnétique radiale. Les aimants constituant ces deux bagues 7 et 9 possèdent une aimantation rémanente supérieure à l'aimantation rémanente de l'aimant intermédiai re 8. Grâce à cela et par une optimisation des dimensions des bagues haute (supérieure) 7 et basse (inférieu re) 9, on obtient une i nduction constante dans l'entrefer sur une hauteur i mportante correspondant au moins sensiblement à la hauteur de l'aimant intermédiaire.Thus, the loudspeaker of FIG. 1 implements two rings with radial magnetic polarizations (covering magnets 7 and 9), one above and one below the magnetic biasing intermediate magnet 8. radial. The magnets constituting these two rings 7 and 9 have a remanent magnetization greater than the remanent magnetization of the intermediate magnet 8. By this and by an optimization of the dimensions of the upper (upper) and lower 7 (lower) rings 9 a constant induction in the air gap is obtained at a height i mportant corresponding at least substantially to the height of the intermediate magnet.
On doit noter que le terme aimant dans le contexte de l'invention couvre aussi bien un aimant unique qu'un aimant formé de l'assemblage de plusieurs aimants élémentai res. Ce dernier cas est essentiellement considéré pour les aimants à polarisation magnétique radiale (horizontale sur la Figure) pour lesquels on peut mettre en œuvre des assemblages d'aimants élémentaires (encore appelés tuiles) juxtaposés sur une ci rconférence (ou ellipse ou autre selon le type de haut-parleur).It should be noted that the term magnet in the context of the invention covers both a single magnet and a magnet formed of the assembly of several elementary magnets. This last case is essentially considered for magnets with radial magnetic polarization (horizontal in the Figure) for which we can implement assemblies of elementary magnets (also called tiles) juxtaposed on a conference (or ellipse or other depending on the type loudspeaker).
Dans une variante non représentée de la Figu re 1 , la structure magnétique 5 est interne par rapport au mandrin, c'est-à-dire disposée vers le centre du haut-parleur par rapport au mandrin. Dans une autre variante, comme représenté Figu re 5, deux structures magnétiques identiques (au moi ns en ce qui concerne les polarisations magnétiques et les dimensions de chaque aimant selon la hauteu r) sont mises en œuvre de part et d'autre du mandrin. Dans ce dernier cas, on comprend qu'étant donné que les diamètres sont différents entre la structure magnétique interne et externe, les champs magnétiques propres générés puissent être différents entre les deux structures. Dans une variante optimisée, on ajuste les volumes des aimants pour égaliser ces champs magnétiques entre les structures interne et externe.In a variant not shown in Figure 1, the magnetic structure 5 is internal to the mandrel, that is to say disposed towards the center of the speaker relative to the mandrel. In another variant, as shown in FIG. 5, two identical magnetic structures (at least as regards the magnetic polarizations and the dimensions of each magnet depending on the height) are implemented on either side of the mandrel. In the latter case, it is understood that since the diameters are different between the structure magnetic internal and external, the own magnetic fields generated can be different between the two structures. In an optimized variant, the volumes of the magnets are adjusted to equalize these magnetic fields between the internal and external structures.
A noter qu'en variante de la Figure 5, on peut mettre en œuvre des structures magnétiques du type 5' (Figure 2) et 5" (Figure 3) selon toutes les combinaisons possibles avec bordure d'entrefer régulière (bords droits parallèles).Note that in variant of Figure 5, one can implement magnetic structures of the type 5 '(Figure 2) and 5 "(Figure 3) in all possible combinations with regular air gap (parallel straight edges) .
Sur les Figures 2 et 3 on a représenté des variantes dans lesquelles les aimants de recouvrement haut 7', 7" et bas 9', 9" ont des largeurs identiques mais largeur qui est cependant inférieure (Figure 2) ou supérieure (Figure 3) à celle de l'aimant intermédiaire 8', 8". Dans les structures magnétiques 5' et 5" des Figures 2 et 3, les aimants de recouvrement 7', 7" et 9', 9" sont disposés pour que leurs faces polaires coté entrefer soient sur le même plan que celle de l'aimant intermédiaire 8', 8". On comprend que ceci est valable aussi bien pour une structure magnétique interne qu'externe (par rapport au mandrin porte bobine) afin que la bordure d'entrefer soit droite.Figures 2 and 3 show variants in which the high covering magnets 7 ', 7 "and low 9', 9" have identical widths but width which is however lower (Figure 2) or greater (Figure 3) to that of the intermediate magnet 8 ', 8 "In the magnetic structures 5' and 5" of Figures 2 and 3, the cover magnets 7 ', 7 "and 9', 9" are arranged so that their polar faces the air gap are on the same plane as that of the intermediate magnet 8 ', 8 ".It is understood that this is valid for both an internal magnetic structure and external (with respect to the spool mandrel) so that the edge of gap be straight.
A titre d'exemple d'une structure du type de celle de la Figure 2, l'aimant intermédiaire est du N48 de 10mm de hauteur et de 12mm de largeur et les aimants de recouvrement sont du N52 et ont chacun une hauteur de 3mm et une largeur de 10mm. Cette configuration permet d'obtenir dans un entrefer de 2mm de largeur, au niveau du mandrin porte bobine (qui se trouve alors approximativement à 1mm du bord de l'entrefer) un champ magnétique uniforme de 0,77 Tesla.As an example of a structure of the type of that of Figure 2, the intermediate magnet is N48 10mm high and 12mm wide and the cover magnets are N52 and each have a height of 3mm and a width of 10mm. This configuration makes it possible to obtain a uniform magnetic field of 0.77 Tesla in a 2 mm wide gap at the coil-carrying mandrel (which is then approximately 1 mm from the edge of the gap).
Dans la structure magnétique 10 de la Figure 4, seul l'aimant intermédiaire 8 est à polarisation magnétique radiale (horizontale sur la Figure) et les polarisations magnétiques des aimants de recouvrement haut 11 et bas 12 sont, quand à elles, axiales (verticales sur la Figure et donc parallèles à l'axe de symétrie 6 du haut-parleur). De plus, ces polarisations magnétiques des aimants de recouvrement 11, 12 sont opposées entre-elles. Les signes des faces polaires de ces trois aimants sont tels que le champ magnétique généré est préférentiellement dirigé vers l'entrefer. Dans la configuration de pôles représentée, le bouclage (rebouclage) du champ magnétique généré se fait coté entrefer puisque la face polaire coté entrefer de l'aimant intermédiaire 8 est de signe opposé au signe des faces polaires libres (haute et basse sur la Figure) des aimants de recouvrement 11 et 12. Contrairement aux configurations précédentes à polarisation radiale exclusive, l'aimantation rémanente de l'aimant intermédiai re 8 est supérieure à l'aimantation rémanente de chacun des aimants de recouvrement 1 1 ou 1 2. Une configuration selon la Figu re 4 avec aimant intermédiaire 8 de 1 ,4 Tesla et aimants de recouvrement 1 1 , 1 2 de 1 , 1 Tesla chaque, a pu être calculée et elle génère une induction magnétique de 0,62 Tesla sur 65% de la hauteur de l'aimant intermédiaire.In the magnetic structure 10 of FIG. 4, only the intermediate magnet 8 has a radial magnetic polarization (horizontal in the FIG.) And the magnetic polarizations of the high 11 and the low 12 overlapping magnets are, when they are axial (vertical on the Figure and therefore parallel to the axis of symmetry 6 of the speaker). In addition, these magnetic polarizations of the covering magnets 11, 12 are opposed to each other. The signs of the polar faces of these three magnets are such that the generated magnetic field is preferentially directed towards the gap. In the configuration of poles shown, the looping (loopback) of the generated magnetic field is quoted air gap since the polar side of the air gap of the intermediate magnet 8 is of sign opposite to the sign of the free polar faces (high and low in the Figure) 11 and 12 overlapping magnets. In contrast to the previous configurations with exclusive radial polarization, the remanent magnetization of the intermediate magnet 8 is greater than the remanent magnetization of each of the covering magnets 1 1 or 1 2. A configuration according to FIG 4 with intermediate magnet 8 of 1, 4 Tesla and cover magnets 1 1, 1 2 of 1, 1 Tesla each, could be calculated and it generates a magnetic induction of 0.62 Tesla on 65% of the height of the intermediate magnet.
Une autre configuration selon la Figure 4 avec aimant intermédiai re 8 de 1 , 1 Tesla (5mm de hauteur et 1 6mm de largeur) et aimants de recouvrement 1 1 , 1 2 de 0,52 Tesla chaque (2mm de hauteur et 1 6mm de largeur chaque), a pu être calculée et elle génère une induction magnétique sensiblement uniforme cette fois su r environ 70% de la hauteur de l'aimant intermédiaire à 0,3mm de la bordure d'entrefer.Another configuration according to Figure 4 with intermediate magnet 8 of 1, 1 Tesla (5mm in height and 1 6mm in width) and cover magnets 1 1, 1 2 of 0.52 Tesla each (2mm in height and 1 6mm of width each), could be calculated and it generates a substantially uniform magnetic induction this time su r about 70% of the height of the intermediate magnet to 0.3mm of the gap border.
Il est important de noter qu 'une structure du type de celle de la Figure 4 (à polarisations croisées des aimants) ne permet pas d'obtenir une induction magnétique sensiblement uniforme le long de la génératrice portant la bobine dans l'entrefer sur une hauteur qui soit au moins égale à la hauteur de l'aimant intermédiaire contrairement aux autres structures décrites (à polarisations parallèles des aimants).It is important to note that a structure of the type of Figure 4 (with crossed polarizations of the magnets) does not allow to obtain a substantially uniform magnetic induction along the generatrix carrying the coil in the gap over a height which is at least equal to the height of the intermediate magnet unlike the other structures described (with parallel polarizations of the magnets).
Dans des variantes de réalisation, les dimensions et/ou aimantations de la structure magnétique interne sont indépendantes de celles de la structure magnétique externe. On a représenté deux réalisations de ce type sur les Figu res 6 et 7. On comprend donc que toutes les combinaisons de différence de taille et/ou aimantation entre les structu res interne et externe sont envisagées dans le cadre de l'invention. De préférence, en ce qui concerne l'absence de symétrie de révolution pour l'ai mantation, les organisations globales des polarisation magnétique des structures magnétiques interne et externe restent identiques, c'est à dire toutes radiale en interne et externe (cf. Figure 5 et 6) ou toutes deux en combinaison axiale + radiale (cf. Figu re 7).In alternative embodiments, the dimensions and / or magnetizations of the internal magnetic structure are independent of those of the external magnetic structure. Two embodiments of this type have been shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. It will therefore be understood that all the combinations of size difference and / or magnetization between the internal and external structures are envisaged within the scope of the invention. Preferably, with regard to the lack of symmetry of revolution for the magnetization, the global organizations of the magnetic polarization of the internal and external magnetic structures remain identical, ie all radial internally and externally (see FIG. 5 and 6) or both in axial + radial combination (see Fig. 7).
Tous les exemples donnés sont indicatifs et on comprend qu'il est possible, sans sortir du cadre général de l'invention, d'inverser les structures magnétiques (externe vers interne et/ou symétriquement selon les cas), les dédoubler (structure magnétique interne et externe), d'inverser les orientations de la polarisation magnétique (le pôle Nord devient le Pôle Sud et inversement). On doit enfin noter que si l'on considère essentiellement des haut-parleurs à symétrie cylindrique ci rculaire, à dôme ou à cône, la membrane étant délimitée par des ci rconférences, l'invention peut également s'appliquer notamment à des haut-parleurs elliptiques, voi re carrés ou sensiblement carrés (à coins arrondis). All the examples given are indicative and it is understood that it is possible, without departing from the general scope of the invention, to invert the magnetic structures (external to internal and / or symmetrically depending on the case), to split them (internal magnetic structure and external), to reverse the orientations of the magnetic polarization (the North Pole becomes the South Pole and vice versa). Finally, it should be noted that, if one considers essentially cylindrical symmetrical cylindrical, dome or cone loudspeakers, the membrane being delimited by reference, the invention can also be applied in particular to elliptical speakers, square or substantially square (with rounded corners).

Claims

REVEN DICATION REVEN DICATION
1 . Structure magnétique (5, 5', 5", 1 0) génératrice de champ magnétique pour moteur sans fer de haut-parleur (1 ) électrodynamique à bobine (2) mobile, la structu re magnétique générant un champ magnétique dans un entrefer dans lequel est disposée la bobine, ladite structure magnétique étant formée de l'empilement de trois aimants correspondant à un aimant intermédiaire (8, 8', 8") et deux aimants de recouvrement haut et bas (7, 9) (7', 9') (7", 9") (1 1 , 1 2), lesdits aimants ayant leurs bords délimitant l'entrefer alignés et formant une bordure d'entrefer droite, lesdits aimants étant en outre accolés, l'aimant intermédiaire ayant une polarisation magnétique radiale, les aimants de recouvrement ayant une même polarisation magnétique et des aimantations rémanentes sensiblement identiques, caractérisée en ce que les aimants de recouvrement ont une polarisation magnétique radiale (7, 9) (7', 9') (7", 9") ou axiale (1 1 , 1 2) et en ce que lorsque la polarisation magnétique des aimants de recouvrement est radiale, l'aimantation rémanente de chaque aimant de recouvrement est supérieure à l'aimantation rémanente de l'aimant intermédiaire, et en ce que lorsque la polarisation magnétique des aimants de recouvrement est axiale, l 'aimantation rémanente de chaque aimant de recouvrement est inférieure à l 'aimantation rémanente de l'aimant intermédiaire.1. Magnetic field structure (5, 5 ', 5 ", 1 0) magnetic field generator for electrodynamic moving coil (2) electrodynamic loudspeaker motor (1), the magnetic structure generating a magnetic field in an air gap in which the coil is arranged, said magnetic structure being formed of the stack of three magnets corresponding to an intermediate magnet (8, 8 ', 8 ") and two top and bottom covering magnets (7, 9) (7', 9 '). ) (7 ", 9") (1 1, 1 2), said magnets having their edges delimiting the air gap aligned and forming a right air gap border, said magnets being furthermore contiguous, the intermediate magnet having a magnetic polarization radial, the cover magnets having the same magnetic polarization and substantially identical remanent magnetizations, characterized in that the cover magnets have a radial magnetic polarization (7, 9) (7 ', 9') (7 ", 9") or axial (1 1, 1 2) and in that when the polarisati magnetic magnet covering is radial, the remanent magnetization of each covering magnet is greater than the remanent magnetization of the intermediate magnet, and in that when the magnetic polarization of the covering magnets is axial, the magnetization remanent of each covering magnet is less than the remanent magnetization of the intermediate magnet.
2. Structure magnétique selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que l 'aimantation rémanente de chaque aimant de recouvrement est supérieur ou inférieure selon le cas, de 1 % de l'aimantation rémanente de l'aimant intermédiaire et, de préférence, de 5%.2. Magnetic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the remanent magnetization of each covering magnet is greater than or less than 1% of the remanent magnetization of the intermediate magnet and, preferably, %.
3. Structure magnétique selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que l 'aimantation rémanente de chaque aimant de recouvrement est supérieur ou inférieure selon le cas, de 1 0% de l 'aimantation rémanente de l'aimant intermédiaire.3. Magnetic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the remanent magnetization of each covering magnet is higher or lower, as the case may be, by 10% of the remanent magnetization of the intermediate magnet.
4. Structure magnétique selon la revendication 1 , 2 ou 3, caractérisée en ce que, dans une structu re magnétique, la largeur de chaque aimant de recouvrement est supérieu re à la largeur de l'aimant intermédiaire.4. Magnetic structure according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that, in a magnetic structure, the width of each covering magnet is greater than the width of the intermediate magnet.
5. Structure magnétique selon la revendication 1 , 2 ou 3 caractérisée en ce que, dans une structu re magnétique, la largeur de chaque aimant de recouvrement est inférieure ou égale à la largeur de l'aimant intermédiaire. 5. Magnetic structure according to claim 1, 2 or 3 characterized in that, in a magnetic structure, the width of each covering magnet is less than or equal to the width of the intermediate magnet.
6. Structure magnétique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les trois aimants ont une même polarisation magnétique, la polarisation étant radiale, les faces polai res de même signe des trois aimants bordant l'entrefer, l'aimantation rémanente de chaque aimant de recouvrement étant supérieu re à l'aimantation rémanente de l'aimant i ntermédiai re.6. Magnetic structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the three magnets have the same magnetic polarization, the polarization being radial, the polar faces of the same sign of the three magnets bordering the gap, the magnetization remanent of each covering magnet being superior to the remanent magnetization of the intermediate magnet.
7. Structure magnétique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que l'aimant intermédiaire à une polarisation magnétique radiale et les deux aimants de recouvrement une polarisation magnétique coaxiale à l'axe de symétrie du haut-parleur, les signes des faces polaires des aimants de recouvrement au contact de l'aimant intermédiaire étant identiques et de même signe que celui de la face polai re bordant l'entrefer de l 'aimant intermédiaire, l'aimantation rémanente de chaque aimant de recouvrement étant inférieure à l'aimantation rémanente de l'aimant i ntermédiai re.7. Magnetic structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the intermediate magnet has a radial magnetic polarization and the two magnets covering a magnetic polarization coaxial with the axis of symmetry of the speaker, the signs of the polar faces of the covering magnets in contact with the intermediate magnet being identical and of the same sign as that of the polar face bordering the air gap of the intermediate magnet, the remanent magnetization of each covering magnet being less than the remanent magnetization of the external magnet.
8. Moteur pour haut-parleur électrodynamique, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une seule structure magnétique (5, 5', 5", 1 0) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, ladite structure magnétique pouvant être interne ou externe par rapport à la bobine.8. Motor for electrodynamic loudspeaker, characterized in that it comprises a single magnetic structure (5, 5 ', 5 ", 1 0) according to any one of the preceding claims, said magnetic structure being able to be internal or external by compared to the coil.
9. Moteur pou r haut-parleur électrodynamique comportant en vis-à- vis et même niveau deux structures magnétiques interne et externe par rapport à la bobine, caractérisé en ce que chacune des structu res est selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, les polarisations magnétiques des aimants semblables étant identiques dans les deux structures magnétiques.9. Motor for electrodynamic loudspeaker having in opposite and same level two magnetic structures internal and external to the coil, characterized in that each of the structures is according to any one of claims 1 to 6 the magnetic polarizations of the like magnets being identical in the two magnetic structures.
1 0. Haut-parleu r comportant un moteur selon la revendication 8 ou 9. 1 0. A loudspeaker comprising an engine according to claim 8 or 9.
EP08836843.6A 2007-09-18 2008-09-18 Magnetic structure for the iron-free motor of electrodynamic loudspeaker, motors and loudspeakers Active EP2204048B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0757657A FR2921224B1 (en) 2007-09-18 2007-09-18 MAGNETIC STRUCTURE FOR MOTOR WITHOUT IRON OF ELECTRODYNAMIC SPEAKER, MOTORS AND SPEAKERS
PCT/FR2008/051678 WO2009047455A2 (en) 2007-09-18 2008-09-18 Magnetic structure for the iron-free motor of electrodynamic loudspeaker, motors and loudspeakers

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EP2204048A2 true EP2204048A2 (en) 2010-07-07
EP2204048B1 EP2204048B1 (en) 2015-07-22

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EP (1) EP2204048B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5535917B2 (en)
CN (1) CN101828408A (en)
AU (1) AU2008309455B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2700031C (en)
FR (1) FR2921224B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2009047455A2 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
EP2204048B1 (en) 2015-07-22
FR2921224B1 (en) 2009-12-04
JP2010539883A (en) 2010-12-16
AU2008309455B2 (en) 2013-05-30
FR2921224A1 (en) 2009-03-20
JP5535917B2 (en) 2014-07-02
WO2009047455A3 (en) 2009-06-11
CA2700031A1 (en) 2009-04-16
AU2008309455A1 (en) 2009-04-16
WO2009047455A2 (en) 2009-04-16
CA2700031C (en) 2017-05-02
CN101828408A (en) 2010-09-08
US20100172534A1 (en) 2010-07-08
US8055010B2 (en) 2011-11-08

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