EP2201321A2 - Less-than-lethal ammunition utilizing a sustainer motor - Google Patents
Less-than-lethal ammunition utilizing a sustainer motorInfo
- Publication number
- EP2201321A2 EP2201321A2 EP08807703A EP08807703A EP2201321A2 EP 2201321 A2 EP2201321 A2 EP 2201321A2 EP 08807703 A EP08807703 A EP 08807703A EP 08807703 A EP08807703 A EP 08807703A EP 2201321 A2 EP2201321 A2 EP 2201321A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- projectile
- rocket motor
- firing
- less
- time
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
- F42B10/32—Range-reducing or range-increasing arrangements; Fall-retarding means
- F42B10/38—Range-increasing arrangements
- F42B10/40—Range-increasing arrangements with combustion of a slow-burning charge, e.g. fumers, base-bleed projectiles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B15/00—Self-propelled projectiles or missiles, e.g. rockets; Guided missiles
- F42B15/10—Missiles having a trajectory only in the air
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to less-than-lethal ammunition. More specifically, the present invention relates to less-than-lethal ammunition including a projectile with a sustainer rocket motor, in order to mitigate velocity decay throughout the flight, thereby maintaining a constant level of non-lethality while at the same time reducing sensitivity to cross-range winds and increasing the effective range of the projectile.
- Less-than-lethal ammunition gives the law-enforcement forces an additional option to handle riots while avoiding or at least minimizing casualties.
- Less-than-lethal ammunition are typically unguided flat-trajectory projectiles fired from light arms, and particularly from rifle-mounted, rifle- operated or dedicated rifle-like devices. They must be capable of being fired accurately over a range of applicable distances while maintaining a low penetrating capacity and being 'eye safe". Range, accuracy and effectiveness on one hand, and less-than-lethality on the other hand are opposing requirements that are not easy to reconcile over a broad range. In fact, velocity is a key factor for range accuracy and effectiveness, and a constrained parameter in terms safety.
- Velocity decay is an unwelcome feature for less-than-lethal ammunition, as it will result in reduced effectiveness, increased sensitivity to cross-winds and other disturbances as well as a trajectory with a higher curvature that is detrimental to accuracy.
- the present invention overcomes the problem of velocity decay in less-than-lethal ammunition by providing a less-than-lethal projectile with a miniature sustainer motor that is ignited upon launch and is designed to deliver a thrust force equal to the drag force at the cruise velocity.
- the cruise velocity is designed to be the preferred less-than-lethal velocity.
- the invention teaches the said projectile, wherein the rocket motor is a sustainer.
- the said rocket motor is ignited by the effect of the gases of the cartridge propellant.
- the said rocket motor has an initiation system of its own.
- the burning time of the said rocket motor is least 5% of the flight time, more at least 25% of the flight time, yet more preferably at least 50% of the flight time, even more preferably at least 75% of the flight time and most preferably at least 95% of the flight time.
- ammunition for causing less-than-lethal effects to a target comprising a projectile configured for generating less-than-lethal effects to a human target, the projectile including a rocket motor configured to mitigate velocity decay of the projectile.
- the rocket motor is a sustainer.
- a cartridge initially associated with the projectile the cartridge containing a quantity of propellant for firing the projectile, wherein the rocket motor is configured to be ignited by hot gases generated by combustion of the propellant.
- a pyrotechnic delay element associated with the rocket motor and deployed such that ignition of the rocket motor by the hot gases occurs via the pyrotechnic delay element at a delay after firing of the projectile.
- an electronic initiation system associated with the projectile for initiating operation of the rocket motor.
- the electronic initiation system is configured to initiate operation of the rocket motor at a time delay after firing of the projectile.
- a less-than-lethal weapon system for causing less-than-lethal effects to a human target located between a minimum range and a maximum range, the weapon system comprising: (a) a projectile configured for generating less-than- lethal effects to a human target; and (b) a firing arrangement configured for firing the projectile towards the human target, wherein the projectile includes a rocket motor configured to mitigate velocity decay of the projectile.
- the rocket motor is a sustainer.
- the firing arrangement includes a cartridge initially associated with the projectile, the cartridge containing a quantity of propellant for firing the projectile, wherein the rocket motor is configured to be ignited by hot gases generated by combustion of the propellant.
- a pyrotechnic delay element associated with the rocket motor and deployed such that ignition of the rocket motor by the hot gases occurs via the pyrotechnic delay element at a delay after firing of the projectile.
- the projectile includes an electronic initiation system for initiating operation of the rocket motor.
- the electronic initiation system is configured to initiate operation of the rocket motor at a time delay after firing of the projectile.
- the rocket motor is configured to operate for a burn time of at least 5% of a time of flight of the projectile from firing to the maximum range.
- the rocket motor is configured to operate for a burn time of at least 25%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 75%, and most preferably at least 95%, of a time of flight of the projectile from firing to the maximum range.
- Figure 1 depicts the flight configuration of a less-than-lethal projectile according to the present invention.
- Figure 2 depicts the less-than-lethal projectile according to the present invention attached to its cartridge casing. DESCRIPTION QF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
- the present invention is ammunition and a corresponding weapon system for causing less-than-lethal effects to a human target.
- the present invention is a less-than-lethal weapon system and corresponding ammunition for causing less-than-lethal effects to a human target located between a minimum range and a maximum range.
- the weapon system includes a projectile configured for generating less-than-lethal effects to a human target, and a firing arrangement configured for firing the projectile towards the human target.
- the projectile includes a rocket motor, configured to be actuated on firing of the projectile, which is deployed to mitigate velocity decay of the projectile.
- non-lethal “less-than-Sethal” and “less lethal” are used herein interchangeably to refer to types of projectiles and corresponding ammunition and weapon systems which are designed to temporarily incapacitate a human target with a reduced risk of death or permanent serious injury compared to a normal bullet.
- This definition includes a wide range of weapons including, but not limited to: kinetic projectiles such as rubber bullets, plastic bullets and flexible baton rounds; electrical stun projectiles; and rounds carrying chemical agents such as tear gas or "pepper spray”.
- the various devices intended for use as less-than-lethal weapons are typically identifiable by a relatively large cross-section compared to their mass, giving a low ballistic coefficient, and various arrangements for energy dissipation to reduce impact damage and reduce the likelihood of penetration into the target.
- FIG. 1 a less-than-lethal projectile 1 in flight configuration.
- Lethal damage criteria might vary from target to target, and according to the lethality risk justified by the particular circumstances. For example, weapons to be used for civilian crowd control require a much lower risk to life than a weapon to be used against an armed terrorist for the purpose of trying to capture the terrorist alive. In each case the methodology as outlined remains the same.
- a projectile 1 there is a certain maximum design velocity at which the projectile satisfies given criteria to be considered "less-than-lethal" for the given context.
- a projectile may be fired at a velocity Viess-than-ietha!_max' or m some cases at a higher velocity, so long as the velocity decays to Vie ss -than-ieihaLmax before reaching the minimum intended range for use. After firing, the velocity rapidly decays under the effect of aerodynamic drag, making the projectile less and less effective and more sensitive to atmospheric effects, such as cross-winds. The velocity decay, and associated loss of precision and efficacy, are particularly pronounced due to the low ballistic constant of less-than-lethal projectiles, corresponding to poor aerodynamic properties.
- a miniature rocket motor 2 is mounted at the base (rear) of the projectile to reduce the velocity decay.
- the rocket motor is a sustainer rocket motor, i.e., that provides a thrust equal to the projectile aerodynamic drag at a chosen velocity, preferably close to (but no greater than) the velocity V
- the less-than-lethal projectile will thus cruise to the target at maximum range at a velocity substantially equal to Vi es3-than _i etha i_ max *, thereby both maximizing the efficacy of the projectile and minimizing the loss of precision independent of the range of a given target.
- the rocket motor is most preferably a cigarette burning-sustainer, burning from its aft end to its forward end with a constant burning surface.
- the propellant burns at a constant velocity.
- the propellanl may be any suitable type of propellant, such as, for example, a standard HTPB/AP (Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene / Ammonium Perchlorate) cast composite propellant.
- the propellant charge length is equal to the product of the burning velocity and burn time, which is set essentially equal to the maximum flight time.
- the propellant charge 21 is bonded to a casing 22 that serves as a support and pressure vessel.
- a nozzle assembly 23 is screwed onto the casing, with a throat 24 as required by the ballistic conditions corresponding to the required level of thrust.
- the rocket motor 2 is further provided with an ignition pellet, for example, a Boron/ Potassium Nitrate (BPN) ignition pellet 25, but has no initiation system of its own.
- the ignition pellet is ignited by the hot gases generated during combustion of the primary propellant which occurs during firing of the projectile.
- a pyrotechnic delay element (not shown) may be interposed between ignition pellet 25 and propellant charge 21, thereby delaying initiation of the rocket motor until a desired point during flight of the projectile, such as when the velocity has dropped from an initially higher launch velocity to near the Vi 655 . than -i etha i_ max -
- immediate initiation of the rocket motor on firing may be preferred.
- This quantity of propellant with the casing enclosing it and the nozzle assembly weighing another few grams, provide a miniature propulsion unit which is light-weight compared to the typical weight of a 40 mm less-than-lethal round which is around 90 grams and can therefore easily be accommodated within the projectile (replacing a corresponding mass of inert material in order to keep the total weight unchanged).
- the integration of the miniature rocket motor into the projectile is straight-forward for those skilled in the art of mechanical design of projectiles.
- the principles of the present invention are applicable to substantially all types of less-than-lethal ammunition, and similarly to all types of appropriate firing arrangements.
- the projectile is fired from a firearm by use of a pyrotechnic charge.
- the less-than-lethal projectile according to the present invention is attached to a cartridge casing 3, as is known in the art of less-than-lethal ammunition.
- the projectile is assembled onto the front rim of the cartridge casing.
- the cartridge casing is typically made of soft material, such as brass.
- the pyrotechnic igniting cartridge 4 is at the center of the bottom of the cartridge casing.
- the complete round is loaded into a weapon barrel and the cartridge percussion primer 5 is initiated by the weapon firing pin.
- the cartridge percussion primer Once the cartridge percussion primer is initiated, it ignites the cartridge propellant charge.
- the propellant charge gases generate high pressure that impinges on the projectile and causes it to separate from the cartridge casing and to move along the rifled weapon barrel, thereby gaining the spin velocity required for its gyroscopic stabilization.
- the hot propellant gases flow through the miniature rocket motor nozzle throat 24, igniting the BPN pellet 25, which ignites the sustainer rocket motor propellant 21, either immediately or via a pyrotechnic delay element, as discussed above.
- the present invention is not limited to the particular example described above, and may be used with any and all types of less-than-lethal ammunition and firing arrangements.
- rounds without a propellant-filled cartridge may be fired from a firing arrangement employing pressurized gas to fire the projectile.
- the projectile includes an electronic initiation system (not shown), as is known in the art, for initiating operation of the rocket motor.
- a piezo-electric generator operated by launch set-back, by the pressure applied during firing or by any other means, which generates an electric charge that is stored in one or more capacitors as a power source, electronic delay circuit, electronic firing circuit providing current to an electric initiator bridge- wire, serving as an input for the rocket motor ignition pyrotechnic train.
- a battery may be included to power an electrical initiator circuit.
- the projectile After leaving the muzzle, the projectile flies towards the target.
- the miniature sustainer burns during at least part of the flight-time and provides a thrust equal to the drag. In this situation, the velocity remains constant and the projectile flies in essentially "vacuum conditions".
- the drag As taught by example in the classical manuscript of Davis, Exterior Ballistics of Rockets, Van Nostrand, 1958, whenever the drag equals thrust, there will be no influence of cross-winds on the trajectory.
- the rocket motor may be of a booster type, essentially providing a velocity increase at a certain point along the trajectory in order to compensate for velocity losses that have already evolved.
- the burning time of a booster type motor may be at least 5% of the flight time and more preferably at least 25% of the fight time.
- a sustainer might not burn along the entire length of the trajectory but rather only for part of the flight time, such as possibly at least 50% of the flight time, more preferably for at least 75% of the flight time and most preferably for 95% of the flight time.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IL186114A IL186114A (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2007-09-20 | Less-than- lethal projectile equipped with rocket sustainer motor |
PCT/IB2008/053780 WO2009037656A2 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2008-09-17 | Less-than-lethal ammunition utilizing a sustainer motor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2201321A2 true EP2201321A2 (en) | 2010-06-30 |
EP2201321A4 EP2201321A4 (en) | 2013-07-10 |
Family
ID=40468534
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08807703.7A Withdrawn EP2201321A4 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2008-09-17 | Less-than-lethal ammunition utilizing a sustainer motor |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110226149A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2201321A4 (en) |
IL (1) | IL186114A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009037656A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10048049B2 (en) | 2010-11-10 | 2018-08-14 | True Velocity, Inc. | Lightweight polymer ammunition cartridge having a primer diffuser |
US10876822B2 (en) | 2017-11-09 | 2020-12-29 | True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc | Multi-piece polymer ammunition cartridge |
US10081057B2 (en) | 2010-11-10 | 2018-09-25 | True Velocity, Inc. | Method of making a projectile by metal injection molding |
US8561543B2 (en) | 2010-11-10 | 2013-10-22 | True Velocity, Inc. | Lightweight polymer ammunition cartridge casings |
US10048052B2 (en) | 2010-11-10 | 2018-08-14 | True Velocity, Inc. | Method of making a polymeric subsonic ammunition cartridge |
US10041770B2 (en) * | 2010-11-10 | 2018-08-07 | True Velocity, Inc. | Metal injection molded ammunition cartridge |
US10352670B2 (en) | 2010-11-10 | 2019-07-16 | True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc | Lightweight polymer ammunition cartridge casings |
US10591260B2 (en) | 2010-11-10 | 2020-03-17 | True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc | Polymer ammunition having a projectile made by metal injection molding |
US11340050B2 (en) | 2010-11-10 | 2022-05-24 | True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc | Subsonic polymeric ammunition cartridge |
US10190857B2 (en) | 2010-11-10 | 2019-01-29 | True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc | Method of making polymeric subsonic ammunition |
US11118875B1 (en) | 2010-11-10 | 2021-09-14 | True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc | Color coded polymer ammunition cartridge |
US10429156B2 (en) | 2010-11-10 | 2019-10-01 | True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc | Subsonic polymeric ammunition cartridge |
US10480915B2 (en) | 2010-11-10 | 2019-11-19 | True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc | Method of making a polymeric subsonic ammunition cartridge |
USD861118S1 (en) | 2011-11-09 | 2019-09-24 | True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc | Primer insert |
US9021961B1 (en) * | 2012-03-20 | 2015-05-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Enhanced stability extended range (guidance adaptable) 40 mm projectile |
US9207054B2 (en) | 2012-05-25 | 2015-12-08 | Bae Systems Land & Armaments L.P. | Solid state ignition safety device |
US9587918B1 (en) | 2015-09-24 | 2017-03-07 | True Velocity, Inc. | Ammunition having a projectile made by metal injection molding |
CN106989643A (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2017-07-28 | 郭三学 | A kind of rifle hairdo distance increasing shell |
US9523563B1 (en) | 2016-03-09 | 2016-12-20 | True Velocity, Inc. | Method of making ammunition having a two-piece primer insert |
US9506735B1 (en) | 2016-03-09 | 2016-11-29 | True Velocity, Inc. | Method of making polymer ammunition cartridges having a two-piece primer insert |
US9518810B1 (en) | 2016-03-09 | 2016-12-13 | True Velocity, Inc. | Polymer ammunition cartridge having a two-piece primer insert |
US9551557B1 (en) | 2016-03-09 | 2017-01-24 | True Velocity, Inc. | Polymer ammunition having a two-piece primer insert |
US10760882B1 (en) | 2017-08-08 | 2020-09-01 | True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc | Metal injection molded ammunition cartridge |
US10712134B2 (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2020-07-14 | Knoah Miani | Rocket propelled bullet assembly |
US11156442B1 (en) | 2018-10-11 | 2021-10-26 | U.S. Government As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Dynamic instability reduced range round |
CN111765814B (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2021-09-21 | 中国人民武装警察部队工程大学 | Compound anti-riot kinetic energy bullet with two-stage dissipation mechanism |
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US3988990A (en) * | 1975-09-03 | 1976-11-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Projectile |
US4130061A (en) * | 1975-11-05 | 1978-12-19 | Ensign Bickford Company | Gun fired projectile having reduced drag |
US5235915A (en) * | 1992-05-26 | 1993-08-17 | Stevens Robert D | Shotgun slug tracer round and improved shotgun slug |
US5565649A (en) * | 1994-03-31 | 1996-10-15 | Ruggieri | Projectile, in particular a non-lethal bullet |
US20040112242A1 (en) * | 2002-10-21 | 2004-06-17 | Michael Brunn | Super long range crash-bang round |
US7021219B1 (en) * | 2004-01-02 | 2006-04-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Non-lethal telescoping cartridge |
US7089863B1 (en) * | 2002-06-11 | 2006-08-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Non-Lethal cartridges with dense powder ballast |
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US7207276B1 (en) * | 2004-08-25 | 2007-04-24 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Non-lethal ammunition utilizing a dense powder ballast and a two-stage firing sequence |
-
2007
- 2007-09-20 IL IL186114A patent/IL186114A/en active IP Right Grant
-
2008
- 2008-09-17 EP EP08807703.7A patent/EP2201321A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-09-17 WO PCT/IB2008/053780 patent/WO2009037656A2/en active Application Filing
- 2008-09-17 US US12/671,698 patent/US20110226149A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US3988990A (en) * | 1975-09-03 | 1976-11-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Projectile |
US4130061A (en) * | 1975-11-05 | 1978-12-19 | Ensign Bickford Company | Gun fired projectile having reduced drag |
US5235915A (en) * | 1992-05-26 | 1993-08-17 | Stevens Robert D | Shotgun slug tracer round and improved shotgun slug |
US5565649A (en) * | 1994-03-31 | 1996-10-15 | Ruggieri | Projectile, in particular a non-lethal bullet |
US7089863B1 (en) * | 2002-06-11 | 2006-08-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Non-Lethal cartridges with dense powder ballast |
US20040112242A1 (en) * | 2002-10-21 | 2004-06-17 | Michael Brunn | Super long range crash-bang round |
US7021219B1 (en) * | 2004-01-02 | 2006-04-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Non-lethal telescoping cartridge |
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Title |
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See also references of WO2009037656A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2009037656A3 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
IL186114A0 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
IL186114A (en) | 2013-08-29 |
WO2009037656A2 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
EP2201321A4 (en) | 2013-07-10 |
US20110226149A1 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
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