EP2200017B1 - Underwater antenna - Google Patents

Underwater antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2200017B1
EP2200017B1 EP20090177541 EP09177541A EP2200017B1 EP 2200017 B1 EP2200017 B1 EP 2200017B1 EP 20090177541 EP20090177541 EP 20090177541 EP 09177541 A EP09177541 A EP 09177541A EP 2200017 B1 EP2200017 B1 EP 2200017B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
underwater
metal plate
plate bar
aerial according
aerial
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Application number
EP20090177541
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2200017A3 (en
EP2200017A2 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Lindner
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Atlas Elektronik GmbH
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Atlas Elektronik GmbH
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Publication of EP2200017A3 publication Critical patent/EP2200017A3/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/34—Adaptation for use in or on ships, submarines, buoys or torpedoes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/004—Mounting transducers, e.g. provided with mechanical moving or orienting device
    • G10K11/006—Transducer mounting in underwater equipment, e.g. sonobuoys
    • G10K11/008—Arrays of transducers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/39—Arrangements of sonic watch equipment, e.g. low-frequency, sonar
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/04—Adaptation for subterranean or subaqueous use
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1207—Supports; Mounting means for fastening a rigid aerial element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an underwater antenna for attachment to an antenna support, in particular to the side wall of a submarine, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a known, executed as a so-called cylinder base underwater antenna has a plurality of rod-shaped, electro-acoustic units, there called staves, which are fixed equidistantly on the outer wall of a hollow cylinder forming the antenna carrier.
  • Each electro-acoustic structural unit has a reflector composed of a metal plate and a soft material plate and a plurality of hydrophones arranged one below the other in the mounting position, which are arranged upstream of the reflector in the direction of sound incidence.
  • Each hydrophone is glued to a spacer made of polyurethane, which is attached to the metal plate, eg glued, is. All hydrophones are routed via connecting cables to a common connector.
  • Reflector and hydrophones with connecting lines are embedded in an acoustically transparent potting compound of a castable by casting, substantially tough elastic elastomer, eg polyurethane. Through holes are provided in the potting compound through which screws pass to secure the rod-shaped electroacoustic assembly to the antenna support.
  • the hydrophones are small spherical ceramics, and
  • the metal plate is composed of two metal sheets with an intermediate elastic layer for bending wave damping.
  • a known as Flankarray known, linear underwater antenna ( DE 38 34 669 A1 ) has a spaced from the hull of a submarine, here briefly called submarine, arranged transducer assembly with a plurality of horizontal position in the mounting position of the underwater antenna along the hull horizontally lined-up, spaced apart hydrophones and the screening effect against the hull radiated sound in the direction of sound behind the Hydrophonically arranged insulation board, which is designed according to the spring-mass principle and acts in the lower frequency range as a sound-reflecting reflector.
  • the hydrophones are held on the insulation board via a clamp construction, and the insulation board is mounted with resilient elements via a damping layer to the hull.
  • the transducer assembly is mechanically protected by an enveloping body attached and flooded to the hull. Due to a streamlined structure, the enveloping body offers protection against flow noise at the same time. Characterized in that the acoustic wave resistance of the enveloping body is made approximately equal to that of the surrounding water, the acoustic transmission attenuation and the reflection factor for incident sound waves is low. If the envelope body constructed as a layer composite, as is known from the DE 36 42 747 C2 is known, also the radiation of noise, which is caused by bending waves due to structure-borne noise and turbulence, avoided by the enveloping body on the transducer assembly.
  • the invention has for its object to design a suitable for use as a side antenna, especially on submarines, suitable underwater antenna, which is inexpensive to manufacture, can be adapted by modular design without additional effort to implement an arbitrarily configured side antenna and a good Nutz-Stör- Ratio.
  • the underwater antenna according to the invention has the advantage that by fixing the at least one electro-acoustic structural unit to a unit housing receiving Hüll stressesegment that is acoustically decoupled attached to the antenna carrier, the radiated from the antenna carrier noise reaches the electroacoustic transducer only to a very limited extent. Due to the soft material body, an elastic attachment of the electro-acoustic structural unit is ensured on Hüll stressesegment and damped transmission of, for example, caused by shock waves, mechanical vibrations of the Hüll stressesegments on the transducer assembly.
  • a distance of the electroacoustic structural unit from the antenna support which is sufficiently large for reducing the noise emission and, on the other hand, a desired alignment of the constructional unit can be realized without difficulty.
  • free back space is enough space to accommodate the wiring of the electro-acoustic transducer of the transducer assembly is present.
  • Each envelope body segment with at least one integrated acoustic unit forms an antenna module.
  • Several antenna modules are strung together without spacing for the realization of the underwater antenna of any length, wherein the desired length of the underwater antenna determines the number of mutually juxtaposed antenna modules.
  • Each antenna module can be provided with only one structural unit which extends horizontally in the mounting position of the Hüll stressessegments the antenna carrier, or with a plurality of units which are arranged vertically above one another in the mounting position of the Hüll stressesegments. In the first case, a linear side antenna and in the second case, a planar side antenna can be realized without additional design effort.
  • the antenna modules can also be attached to the antenna support with a defined distance from each other. For example, For the installation of an underwater antenna for a so-called Passive Range Sonar (PRS), three antenna modules can be mounted at exactly the same distance from each other on the antenna support.
  • PRS Passive Range Sonar
  • the reflector is designed so that the soft material body has a front to its the sound incidence direction facing the front side open longitudinal groove with trapezoidal cross-section whose inside width decreases towards the bottom of the channel.
  • the metal plate with superior transducer assembly is set at the bottom of the channel.
  • a number of frustoconical funnels which expand toward the front side of the fabric body, may be formed in the fabric body, at the funnel bottom of which an electroacoustic transducer is mounted on the metal board exposed there and otherwise embedded in the fabric.
  • the juxtaposed transducers are mutually acoustically decoupled and prevent mutual acoustic interference.
  • each electro-acoustic structural unit is assigned a buoyancy body, preferably made of porous foam, which is designed so that the buoyancy force generated by it is approximately equal to the weight of the electroacoustic structural unit.
  • the unit can be trimmed buoyancy neutral to positively influence the overall dimensional balance of the underwater antenna, so to significantly reduce the carrying weight of the underwater antenna for the antenna support.
  • Fig. 1 is an antenna module 11 of a configured as a planar side antenna underwater antenna, which is grown on an antenna support 12 forming hull of a submarine, shown in perspective view.
  • a plurality of such antenna modules 11 are placed against one another along the hull and in their entirety they produce the horizontally elongated side antenna with extension in Vertical direction.
  • a side antenna is arranged on the starboard and starboard of the submarine.
  • Each antenna module 11 has at least one electro-acoustic structural unit 13 and an enveloping body segment 14, which accommodates the electroacoustic structural unit 13 and is fixed to the antenna carrier 12.
  • the free space between antenna support 12 and Hüll stressesegment is filled with water, including at least one opening 40 is provided for flooding in Hüll stressesegment.
  • the acoustically transparent Hüll stressesegment 14 has a mounting position on the antenna support 12 approximately vertically aligned front wall 143 and two thereof integrally outgoing legs 141 and 142 which are fixed to the antenna support 12 at the end.
  • the enveloping body segment 14 preferably consists of a layer composite which has one or more dimensionally stable layers as load-bearing elements and one or more bending waves damping additional layers, which are arranged on and / or between the dimensionally stable layers, wherein the layer thicknesses have defined dimensions.
  • a layer composite which has one or more dimensionally stable layers as load-bearing elements and one or more bending waves damping additional layers, which are arranged on and / or between the dimensionally stable layers, wherein the layer thicknesses have defined dimensions.
  • Such an envelope is eg in DE 36 42 747 C2 disclosed.
  • the electro-acoustic transducers are in the embodiment hydrophones 17, which are formed by small ball ceramics.
  • the ball ceramics are provided for producing the electrical connection with connecting lines, not shown here.
  • To maintain a tolerance-accurate distance from the reflector 15 is each Hydrophon 17 glued to a spacer 18, which in turn is fixed in exact position on the reflector 15, for example by small depressions in the reflector 15 or else by gluing.
  • the reflector 15 consists of a metal plates forming the mass 19 and a soft material body 20 forming the spring, which is arranged in the direction of sound incidence behind the metal plate 19.
  • the metal plate 19 is designed to suppress disturbing natural resonances in a known manner in sandwich construction and composed of two metal plates 191 and 192, for example made of aluminum, with an intermediate, bending wave damping layer 193, for example made of rubber.
  • the soft material body 20, which consists, for example, of polyurethane foam, has a longitudinal channel 21 with a trapezoidal cross-section that is open towards its front side facing the direction of the sound incidence. The vertical in the mounting position, clear width of the longitudinal groove 21 decreases towards the channel base 211 out steadily.
  • the metal plate 19 is set with superior transducer assembly 16. The determination can take place in that the metal plate 19 is adhered to the fabric body 20 or - as shown in the sectional view of Fig. 2 it can be seen that the fabric body 20 engages over the metal plate 19 along its longitudinal edges. In both cases, the metal plate 19 is positively in the groove bottom 211 a.
  • the electroacoustic structural unit 13 constructed in this way is fastened to the envelope body segment 14 via the soft material body 20 (FIG. Fig. 2 ).
  • the soft material body 20 in the fabric body 20 on both sides of the longitudinal groove 21, ie in the mounting position of the antenna module 11 above and below the longitudinal channel 21, means for attachment to the envelope body segment 14 is included.
  • these fastening means have an internal thread Hollow body 22.
  • These hollow bodies 22 are preferably made of metal and are integrated in the production of the fabric body 20 in this.
  • channels 23 and 14 pointing at the direction of sound incidence front wall 143 of the Hüll stressesegments 14 through holes 24 are kept in alignment with the channels 23.
  • the assembly 13 For attaching the at least one structural unit 13 to the Hüll stressesegment 14, the assembly 13 is applied with its pointing in the direction of sound incidence inside to the front wall 143 of the Hüll stressesegments 14 and are passed through the through holes 24 and channels 23 threaded bolt 25 with their respective external thread bearing Bolzen2020ften 251st screwed into the hollow body 22.
  • the preferably designed as countersunk heads bolt heads 252 lie in depressions in the front wall 143 of the Hüll stressesegments 14 a form-fitting manner.
  • the HüllSystemsegment 12 are integrated in the Hüll Sciencessegment 12 a total of three electro-acoustic units 13, which are all identical and formed as described above and attached to the Hüll stressesegment 14 in the manner described.
  • the three electro-acoustic units 13 are arranged vertically above one another in the mounting position of the antenna module 11 on the antenna carrier 12. This results in a flat side antenna with vertically bundled directivity.
  • each unit 13 is still associated with a buoyancy body 26 which is attached to the side facing away from the transducer assembly 16 back of the fabric body 20.
  • the buoyant body 26, preferably made of porous foam, is designed in terms of material selection and dimensions such that: the weight of the electroacoustic assembly 13 is approximately compensated by the buoyancy force generated by the buoyant body 26 in the water.
  • the assembly 13 is enclosed together with the buoyant body 26 in an acoustically transparent encapsulation, eg of polyurethane, which is guided along the outer contours and thus also encloses the transducer assembly 16 and the metal plate 19 and the side walls of the longitudinal channel 21 (FIGS. Fig. 2 ) or funnel 39 (FIG. Fig. 6 ) covered.
  • the antenna support 12 in the embodiment of the hull of the submarine, two vertically spaced and horizontally aligned on the hull rows of so-called.
  • Knobs 27 which are fixed in each row with a defined distance from each other on the hull.
  • Under lugs 27 are understood to be on the hull, cylindrical or cuboid mounting posts understood that are each provided with a threaded hole.
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of such a projection 27 out of the lower Knaggen Herbert sketched in section.
  • the two rows of ridges extend over a distance on the boat body, which corresponds at least to the length of the underwater antenna.
  • each antenna module 11 is assigned two U-rails 28 which are fixed to respectively at least two lugs 27.
  • an upper U-rail 28 is mounted on the upper Knaggen Herbert and a lower rail 28 on the lower Knaggen Research.
  • Each, two legs 281, 282 and a cross member 283 having these connecting U-rail 28 has in its transverse part 283 through holes 29, preferably as elongated holes in the longitudinal direction of the U-rail 28th aligned, larger hole size are formed.
  • Through the through holes 29 each have a head screw 30 is passed, which is screwed with its threaded shank 301 in the threaded bore in the lugs 27.
  • the screw head 302 of the cap screw 30 presses on a flat disc 31 and a first resilient element 32 on the transverse part 283 of the U-rail 28 and presses this via a second resilient element 33 on the end face of the knob 27.
  • the end faces of the legs 281, 282 of the U-rail 28 are pressed against the antenna carrier 12 with the interposition of a third spring-elastic element 34.
  • the resilient elements 32, 33 and 34 which may consist of rubber, polyurethane foam and the like. Serve the acoustic decoupling of the U-rail 28 of the lugs 27, so radiated from the antenna support 12 Störrschall only greatly attenuated to the U-rail 28 and from there to the envelope body segment 14 is transmitted.
  • a further acoustic decoupling is provided between the U-rail 28 and the enveloping body segment 14.
  • the Hüll stressesegment 14 is pushed with one leg 141, 142 over the outer leg 281 of the upper and lower U-rail 28, wherein the front ends of the legs 141, 142 of the Hüll stressesegments 14 are supported on the third elastic element 34.
  • Fig. 5 this is sketched in section for the upper leg 141 of the Hüll stressesegments 14 and the outer leg 281 of the upper U-rail 28.
  • the same constructive embodiment can be found between the lower leg 142 of the Hüll emotionssegments 14 and the lower U-rail 28.
  • the outer legs 281 of the U-rails 28 cross-two legs 141 and 142 of the Hüll stressesegments 14 are not directly adjacent to the outer Thighs 281 of the U-rails 28, but a fourth spring-elastic element 35 with through holes for each a threaded screw 36 is inserted between them.
  • a fourth spring-elastic element 35 with through holes for each a threaded screw 36 is inserted between them.
  • threaded holes 37 and in the upper and lower legs 141, 142 of the Hüll stressesegments 14 aligned therewith through holes 38 are present.
  • the threaded through holes 36 passed through the through holes 38 and the fourth spring-elastic element 35 are tightened in the threaded holes 37, wherein the fourth and the third resilient element 35, 34 cause additional acoustic decoupling of the Hüll stressesegments 14 from the antenna support 12.
  • the electroacoustic module 13 is modified insofar as - as in Fig. 6 is shown - the hydrophones 17 of the electroacoustic transducer assembly 16 are not arranged together at the bottom of a soft tissue body 20 longitudinal channel, but each hydrophone 17 separately at the bottom of a formed in the fabric body 20, frustoconical funnel 39 on the shared there otherwise in the fabric body 20 embedded metal plate 19th of the reflector 15 is placed.
  • a number corresponding to the number of hydrophones of funnels 39 which expand toward the front of the soft material body 20 is horizontally next to one another in the mounting position of the antenna module 11.
  • the metal plate 19 passes through the entire fabric body 20 and is covered by the soft material outside the funnel bottoms.
  • the funnel walls acting as absorbers scotch the adjoining hydrophones 17 acoustically against each other.
  • the fabric body 20 again has close to its upper and lower in cultivation position Longitudinal edge included fasteners on, for example, as in Fig. 2 are formed and of which in Fig. 6 the leading to the hollow bodies channels 23 can be seen.
  • the metal plate 19 passing through the longitudinal channel 21 can also be subdivided into juxtaposed segments.
  • the upper and lower U-rails 28 may each be divided into two rail segments, each one rail segment is fixed in the manner described on a ridge 27.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Unterwasserantenne zum Anbau an einen Antennenträger, insbesondere an die Bordwand eines U-Boots, nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an underwater antenna for attachment to an antenna support, in particular to the side wall of a submarine, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Eine bekannte, als sog. Zylinderbasis ausgeführte Unterwasserantenne ( DE 43 39 798 A1 ) weist eine Mehrzahl von stabförmigen, elektroakustischen Baueinheiten, dort Staves genannt, auf, die auf der Außenwand eines den Antennenträger bildenden Hohlzylinders äquidistant befestigt sind. Jede elektroakustische Baueinheit weist einen aus einer Metallplatine und einer Weichstoffplatte zusammengesetzten Reflektor und mehrere, in Anbaulage untereinander angeordnete Hydrophone auf, die dem Reflektor in Schalleinfallsrichtung vorgeordnet sind. Jedes Hydrophon ist dabei auf einem Abstandshalter aus Polyurethan aufgeklebt, der auf der Metallplatine befestigt, z.B. aufgeklebt, ist. Alle Hydrophone sind über Anschlussleitungen auf einen gemeinsamen Stecker geführt. Reflektor und Hydrophone mit Anschlussleitungen sind in einer akustisch transparenten Vergußmasse aus einem im Gießverfahren bearbeitbaren, im wesentlichen zähelastischen Elastomer, z.B. Polyurethan, eingebettet. In der Vergußmasse sind Durchgangslöcher vorgehalten, durch die Schrauben hindurchgeführt sind, um die stabförmige elektroakustische Baueinheit am Antennenträger zu befestigen. Die Hydrophone sind kleine Kugelkeramiken, und die Metallplatine ist aus zwei Metallblechen mit dazwischenliegender, elastischer Schicht zur Biegewellendämpfung zusammengesetzt.A known, executed as a so-called cylinder base underwater antenna ( DE 43 39 798 A1 ) has a plurality of rod-shaped, electro-acoustic units, there called staves, which are fixed equidistantly on the outer wall of a hollow cylinder forming the antenna carrier. Each electro-acoustic structural unit has a reflector composed of a metal plate and a soft material plate and a plurality of hydrophones arranged one below the other in the mounting position, which are arranged upstream of the reflector in the direction of sound incidence. Each hydrophone is glued to a spacer made of polyurethane, which is attached to the metal plate, eg glued, is. All hydrophones are routed via connecting cables to a common connector. Reflector and hydrophones with connecting lines are embedded in an acoustically transparent potting compound of a castable by casting, substantially tough elastic elastomer, eg polyurethane. Through holes are provided in the potting compound through which screws pass to secure the rod-shaped electroacoustic assembly to the antenna support. The hydrophones are small spherical ceramics, and The metal plate is composed of two metal sheets with an intermediate elastic layer for bending wave damping.

Eine als Flankarray bezeichnete, bekannte, lineare Unterwasserantenne ( DE 38 34 669 A1 ) weist eine im Abstand vom Bootskörper eines Unterseeboots, hier kurz U-Boot genannt, angeordnete Wandleranordnung mit einer Vielzahl von in Anbaulage der Unterwasserantenne längs des Bootskörpers horizontal hintereinandergereihten, voneinander beabstandeten Hydrophonen und zur Schirmwirkung gegenüber von dem Bootskörper abgestrahlten Schall eine in Schalleinfallsrichtung hinter den Hydrophonen angeordnete Dämmplatte auf, die nach dem Feder-Masse-Prinzip ausgelegt ist und im unteren Frequenzbereich als schallweicher Reflektor wirkt. Die Hydrophone sind an der Dämmplatte über eine Schellenkonstruktion gehalten, und die Dämmplatte ist mit federnden Elementen über eine Dämpfungsschicht an den Bootskörper montiert. Die Wandleranordnung wird durch einen am Bootskörper befestigten und gefluteten Hüllkörper mechanisch geschützt. Durch einen strömungsgünstigen Aufbau bietet der Hüllkörper gleichzeitig Schutz gegen Strömungsgeräusche. Dadurch, daß der akustische Wellenwiderstand des Hüllkörpers ungefähr gleich dem des umgebenden Wassers gemacht ist, ist die akustische Durchstrahlungsdämpfung und der Reflexionsfaktor für einfallende Schallwellen niedrig. Wird der Hüllkörper als Schichtverbund aufgebaut, wie dies aus der DE 36 42 747 C2 bekannt ist, wird außerdem die Abstrahlung von Störschall, der durch Biegewellen aufgrund von Körperschall und Turbulenzen verursacht wird, vom Hüllkörper auf die Wandleranordnung vermieden.A known as Flankarray known, linear underwater antenna ( DE 38 34 669 A1 ) has a spaced from the hull of a submarine, here briefly called submarine, arranged transducer assembly with a plurality of horizontal position in the mounting position of the underwater antenna along the hull horizontally lined-up, spaced apart hydrophones and the screening effect against the hull radiated sound in the direction of sound behind the Hydrophonically arranged insulation board, which is designed according to the spring-mass principle and acts in the lower frequency range as a sound-reflecting reflector. The hydrophones are held on the insulation board via a clamp construction, and the insulation board is mounted with resilient elements via a damping layer to the hull. The transducer assembly is mechanically protected by an enveloping body attached and flooded to the hull. Due to a streamlined structure, the enveloping body offers protection against flow noise at the same time. Characterized in that the acoustic wave resistance of the enveloping body is made approximately equal to that of the surrounding water, the acoustic transmission attenuation and the reflection factor for incident sound waves is low. If the envelope body constructed as a layer composite, as is known from the DE 36 42 747 C2 is known, also the radiation of noise, which is caused by bending waves due to structure-borne noise and turbulence, avoided by the enveloping body on the transducer assembly.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine für den Einsatz als Seitenantenne, insbesondere an U-Booten, geeignete Unterwasserantenne zu konzipieren, die kostengünstig herzustellen ist, durch Modulbauweise ohne Mehraufwand zur Realisierung einer beliebig konfigurierten Seitenantenne adaptiert werden kann und eine gutes Nutz-Stör-Verhältnis aufweist.The invention has for its object to design a suitable for use as a side antenna, especially on submarines, suitable underwater antenna, which is inexpensive to manufacture, can be adapted by modular design without additional effort to implement an arbitrarily configured side antenna and a good Nutz-Stör- Ratio.

Die Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale im Anspruch 1 gelöst.The object is achieved by the features in claim 1.

Die erfindungsgemäße Unterwasserantenne hat den Vorteil, dass durch die Festlegung der mindestens einen elektroakustischen Baueinheit an einem die Baueinheit aufnehmenden Hüllkörpersegment, das akustisch entkoppelt am Antennenträger befestigt ist, der vom Antennenträger abgestrahlte Störschall nur in sehr geringem Umfang an die elektroakustischen Wandler gelangt. Durch den Weichstoffkörper ist eine elastische Befestigung der elektroakustischen Baueinheit am Hüllkörpersegment gewährleistet und eine Übertragung von beispielsweise durch Schockwellen hervorgerufenen, mechanischen Schwingungen des Hüllkörpersegments auf die Wandleranordnung gedämpft.The underwater antenna according to the invention has the advantage that by fixing the at least one electro-acoustic structural unit to a unit housing receiving Hüllkörpersegment that is acoustically decoupled attached to the antenna carrier, the radiated from the antenna carrier noise reaches the electroacoustic transducer only to a very limited extent. Due to the soft material body, an elastic attachment of the electro-acoustic structural unit is ensured on Hüllkörpersegment and damped transmission of, for example, caused by shock waves, mechanical vibrations of the Hüllkörpersegments on the transducer assembly.

Durch eine entsprechende, konstruktive Formung des Hüllkörpersegments lässt sich einerseits ein zur Störschallreduzierung ausreichend großer Abstand der elektroakustischen Baueinheit vom Antennenträger und andererseits eine gewünschte Ausrichtung der Baueinheit problemlos realisieren. In dem hinter der Baueinheit bis zum Antennenträger verbleibenden, freien Rückraum ist genügend Platz zur Unterbringung der Beschaltung der elektroakustischen Wandler der Wandleranordnung vorhanden.By means of a corresponding, constructive shaping of the enveloping body segment, on the one hand a distance of the electroacoustic structural unit from the antenna support which is sufficiently large for reducing the noise emission and, on the other hand, a desired alignment of the constructional unit can be realized without difficulty. In the remaining behind the unit to the antenna support, free back space is enough space to accommodate the wiring of the electro-acoustic transducer of the transducer assembly is present.

Jedes Hüllkörpersegment mit mindestens einer integrierten akustischen Baueinheit bildet einen Antennenmodul. Mehrere Antennenmodule werden zur Realisierung der Unterwasserantenne beliebiger Länge abstandslos aneinandergereiht, wobei die gewünschte Länge der Unterwasserantenne die Anzahl der aneinandergesetzten Antennenmodule bestimmt. Jedes Antennenmodul kann dabei mit nur einer Baueinheit, die sich in Anbaulage des Hüllkörpersegments am Antennenträger horizontal erstreckt, oder mit mehreren Baueinheiten versehen werden, die in Anbaulage des Hüllkörpersegments vertikal übereinander angeordnet sind. Im ersten Fall lässt sich eine lineare Seitenantenne und im zweiten Fall eine flächige Seitenantenne ohne konstruktiven Mehraufwand realisieren. Die Antennenmodule können aber auch mit definiertem Abstand voneinander am Antennenträger befestigt werden. Z.B. können zur Installation einer Unterwasserantenne für ein sog. Passiv-Range-Sonar (PRS) drei Antennenmodule im exakt gleichen Abstand voneinander am Antennenträger befestigt werden.Each envelope body segment with at least one integrated acoustic unit forms an antenna module. Several antenna modules are strung together without spacing for the realization of the underwater antenna of any length, wherein the desired length of the underwater antenna determines the number of mutually juxtaposed antenna modules. Each antenna module can be provided with only one structural unit which extends horizontally in the mounting position of the Hüllkörpersegments the antenna carrier, or with a plurality of units which are arranged vertically above one another in the mounting position of the Hüllkörpersegments. In the first case, a linear side antenna and in the second case, a planar side antenna can be realized without additional design effort. The antenna modules can also be attached to the antenna support with a defined distance from each other. For example, For the installation of an underwater antenna for a so-called Passive Range Sonar (PRS), three antenna modules can be mounted at exactly the same distance from each other on the antenna support.

Zweckmäßige Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Unterwasserantenne mit vorteilhaften Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den weiteren Ansprüchen.Advantageous embodiments of the underwater antenna according to the invention with advantageous developments and refinements of the invention will become apparent from the other claims.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der Reflektor so gestaltet, dass der Weichstoffkörper eine zu seiner der Schalleinfallsrichtung zugekehrten Vorderseite hin offene Längsrinne mit trapezförmigem Querschnitt aufweist, deren lichte Weite zum Rinnengrund hin abnimmt. Die Metallplatine mit vorgesetzter Wandleranordnung ist am Rinnengrund festgelegt. Durch diese konstruktive Maßnahme kann einerseits der Weichstoffkörper ohne Beeinträchtigung des Schallempfangs für die Wandleranordnung am Hüllkörpersegment befestigt werden und wird andererseits der Wandleranordnung durch den trapezförmigen Querschnitt der Längsrinne ein räumlich begrenzter Schalleinfallssektor zugewiesen. Der Weichstoffkörper bildet zudem in dem der Metallplatine vorgelagerten Bereich einen Schallabsorber.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the reflector is designed so that the soft material body has a front to its the sound incidence direction facing the front side open longitudinal groove with trapezoidal cross-section whose inside width decreases towards the bottom of the channel. The metal plate with superior transducer assembly is set at the bottom of the channel. By this constructive measure, on the one hand, the soft material body without impairment the sound reception for the transducer assembly are attached to the Hüllkörpersegment and on the other hand the transducer assembly is assigned by the trapezoidal cross section of the longitudinal channel a spatially limited sound incidence sector. The soft material body also forms a sound absorber in the region upstream of the metal plate.

Alternativ kann im Weichstoffkörper eine der Anzahl der elektroakustischen Wandler der Wandleranordnung entsprechende Zahl von kegelstumpfartigen, zur Vorderseite des Weichstoffkörpers sich erweiternden Trichtern ausgebildet sein, an deren Trichtergrund jeweils ein elektroakustischer Wandler auf der dort freiliegenden und im übrigen im Weichstoffkörper eingebetteten Metallplatine befestigt ist. Bei dieser konstruktiven Ausführung des Weichstoffkörpers sind die nebeneinander angeordneten Wandler gegenseitig akustisch entkoppelt und eine gegenseitige akustische Beeinflussung verhindert.Alternatively, a number of frustoconical funnels, which expand toward the front side of the fabric body, may be formed in the fabric body, at the funnel bottom of which an electroacoustic transducer is mounted on the metal board exposed there and otherwise embedded in the fabric. In this structural embodiment of the fabric body, the juxtaposed transducers are mutually acoustically decoupled and prevent mutual acoustic interference.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist jeder elektroakustischen Baueinheit ein vorzugsweise aus porösem Schaum bestehender Auftriebskörper zugeordnet, der so ausgelegt ist, dass die von ihm erzeugte Auftriebskraft annähernd gleich dem Gewicht der elektroakustischen Baueinheit ist. Durch diese konstruktive Maßnahme kann die Baueinheit auftriebsneutral getrimmt werden, um die Gesamtmaßenbilanz der Unterwasserantenne positiv zu beeinflussen, also das Traggewicht der Unterwasserantenne für den Antennenträger deutlich zu verringern.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, each electro-acoustic structural unit is assigned a buoyancy body, preferably made of porous foam, which is designed so that the buoyancy force generated by it is approximately equal to the weight of the electroacoustic structural unit. By this design measure, the unit can be trimmed buoyancy neutral to positively influence the overall dimensional balance of the underwater antenna, so to significantly reduce the carrying weight of the underwater antenna for the antenna support.

Die Erfindung ist anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels im folgenden näher beschrieben.The invention is described in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Antennenmoduls einer an einem Bootskörper eines U-Boots befestigten, elektroakustischen Unterwasserantenne,
Fig. 2
einen Querschnitt einer an einem ausschnittweise dargestellten Hüllensegment befestigten, elektroakustischen Baueinheit des Antennenmoduls in Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
ausschnittweise eine Draufsicht der elektroakustischen Baueinheit in Fig. 2,
Fig. 4
ausschnittweise einen Schnitt längs der Schnittebene IV-IV in Fig. 1,
Fig. 5
ausschnittweise einen Schnitt längs der Schnittebene V-V in Fig. 1.
Fig. 6
eine gleiche Darstellung wie in Fig. 3 einer modifizierten elektroakustischen Baueinheit.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a perspective view of an antenna module attached to a hull of a submarine, electro-acoustic underwater antenna,
Fig. 2
a cross-section of an electroacoustic structural unit of the antenna module attached to a partially illustrated shell segment in FIG Fig. 1 .
Fig. 3
a detail of a plan view of the electro-acoustic unit in Fig. 2 .
Fig. 4
a section along the section plane IV-IV in Fig. 1 .
Fig. 5
a section along the section plane VV in Fig. 1 ,
Fig. 6
a same representation as in Fig. 3 a modified electroacoustic assembly.

In Fig. 1 ist ein Antennenmodul 11 einer als flächige Seitenantenne konfigurierten Unterwasserantenne, das an einem einen Antennenträger 12 bildenden Bootskörper eines U-Boots angebaut ist, in perspektivischer Ansicht dargestellt. Je nach Länge der Unterwasserantenne sind mehrere solcher Antennenmodule 11 längs des Bootskörpers aneinandergesetzt und ergeben in ihrer Gesamtheit die in Horizontalrichtung langgestreckte Seitenantenne mit Ausdehnung in Vertikalrichtung. Üblicherweise ist je eine Seitenantenne an Back- und Steuerbord des U-Boots angeordnet.In Fig. 1 is an antenna module 11 of a configured as a planar side antenna underwater antenna, which is grown on an antenna support 12 forming hull of a submarine, shown in perspective view. Depending on the length of the underwater antenna, a plurality of such antenna modules 11 are placed against one another along the hull and in their entirety they produce the horizontally elongated side antenna with extension in Vertical direction. Usually, a side antenna is arranged on the starboard and starboard of the submarine.

Jedes Antennenmodul 11 weist mindestens eine elektroakustische Baueinheit 13 und ein Hüllkörpersegment 14 auf, das die elektroakustische Baueinheit 13 aufnimmt und an dem Antennenträger 12 festgelegt ist. Der freie Raum zwischen Antennenträger 12 und Hüllkörpersegment ist wassergefüllt, wozu im Hüllkörpersegment mindestens eine Öffnung 40 zum Fluten vorgesehen ist. Das akustisch transparente Hüllkörpersegment 14 weist eine in Anbaulage am Antennenträger 12 etwa vertikal ausgerichtete Frontwand 143 und zwei davon einstückig abgehende Schenkel 141 und 142 auf, die endseitig am Antennenträger 12 befestigt sind. Das Hüllkörpersegment 14 besteht vorzugsweise aus einem Schichtverbund, der eine oder mehrere formsteife Schichten als tragende Elemente und eine oder mehrere Biegewellen dämpfende Zusatzschichten aufweist, die auf und/oder zwischen den formsteifen Schichten angeordnet sind, wobei die Schichtdicken definierte Abmessungen aufweisen. Ein solcher Hüllkörper ist z.B. in DE 36 42 747 C2 offenbart. Die elektroakustische Baueinheit 13, die in Fig. 2 im Schnitt und in Fig. 3 in Draufsicht oder Vorderansicht zu sehen ist, umfasst einen als Feder-Masse-System ausgebildeten Reflektor 15 und eine dem Reflektor 15 in Schalleinfallsrichtung vorgesetzte Wandleranordnung 16 aus einer Mehrzahl von im Abstand aneinandergereihten, am Reflektor 15 befestigten, elektroakustischen Wandlern. Die elektroakustischen Wandler sind im Ausführungsbeispiel Hydrophone 17, die von kleinen Kugelkeramiken gebildet sind. Die Kugelkeramiken sind zur Herstellung der elektrischen Verbindung mit hier nicht dargestellten Anschlussleitungen versehen. Zur Einhaltung eines toleranzgenauen Abstands vom Reflektor 15 ist jedes Hydrophon 17 auf ein Distanzstück 18 aufgeklebt, das wiederum positionsgenau am Reflektor 15 festgelegt ist, beispielsweise durch kleine Einsenkungen im Reflektor 15 oder aber auch durch Ankleben. Der Reflektor 15 besteht aus einer die Masse bildenden Metallplatinen 19 und einem die Feder bildenden Weichstoffkörper 20, der in Schalleinfallsrichtung hinter der Metallplatine 19 angeordnet ist. Die Metallplatine 19 ist zur Unterdrückung von störenden Eigenresonanzen in bekannter Weise in Sandwichbauweise ausgeführt und aus zwei Metallplatten 191 und 192, z.B. aus Aluminium, mit einer dazwischen liegenden, biegewellendämpfenden Schicht 193, z.B. aus Gummi, zusammengesetzt. Der z.B. aus Polyurethan-Schaum bestehende Weichstoffkörper 20 weist eine zu seiner der Schalleinfallsrichtung zugekehrten Vorderseite hin offene Längsrinne 21 mit trapezförmigem Querschnitt auf. Die in Anbaulage vertikale, lichte Weite der Längsrinne 21 nimmt zum Rinnengrund 211 hin stetig ab. Am Rinnengrund 211 ist die Metallplatine 19 mit vorgesetzter Wandleranordnung 16 festgelegt. Die Festlegung kann dadurch erfolgen, dass die Metallplatine 19 am Weichstoffkörper 20 angeklebt ist oder - wie dies in der Schnittdarstellung der Fig. 2 zu sehen ist - dass der Weichstoffkörper 20 die Metallplatine 19 längs ihrer Längskanten übergreift. In beiden Fällen liegt die Metallplatine 19 formschlüssig im Rinnengrund 211 ein.Each antenna module 11 has at least one electro-acoustic structural unit 13 and an enveloping body segment 14, which accommodates the electroacoustic structural unit 13 and is fixed to the antenna carrier 12. The free space between antenna support 12 and Hüllkörpersegment is filled with water, including at least one opening 40 is provided for flooding in Hüllkörpersegment. The acoustically transparent Hüllkörpersegment 14 has a mounting position on the antenna support 12 approximately vertically aligned front wall 143 and two thereof integrally outgoing legs 141 and 142 which are fixed to the antenna support 12 at the end. The enveloping body segment 14 preferably consists of a layer composite which has one or more dimensionally stable layers as load-bearing elements and one or more bending waves damping additional layers, which are arranged on and / or between the dimensionally stable layers, wherein the layer thicknesses have defined dimensions. Such an envelope is eg in DE 36 42 747 C2 disclosed. The electroacoustic assembly 13, which in Fig. 2 on average and in Fig. 3 can be seen in plan view or front view, comprises a formed as a spring-mass system reflector 15 and a reflector 15 in the direction of sound incidence superior transducer assembly 16 of a plurality of spaced-apart, attached to the reflector 15, electro-acoustic transducers. The electro-acoustic transducers are in the embodiment hydrophones 17, which are formed by small ball ceramics. The ball ceramics are provided for producing the electrical connection with connecting lines, not shown here. To maintain a tolerance-accurate distance from the reflector 15 is each Hydrophon 17 glued to a spacer 18, which in turn is fixed in exact position on the reflector 15, for example by small depressions in the reflector 15 or else by gluing. The reflector 15 consists of a metal plates forming the mass 19 and a soft material body 20 forming the spring, which is arranged in the direction of sound incidence behind the metal plate 19. The metal plate 19 is designed to suppress disturbing natural resonances in a known manner in sandwich construction and composed of two metal plates 191 and 192, for example made of aluminum, with an intermediate, bending wave damping layer 193, for example made of rubber. The soft material body 20, which consists, for example, of polyurethane foam, has a longitudinal channel 21 with a trapezoidal cross-section that is open towards its front side facing the direction of the sound incidence. The vertical in the mounting position, clear width of the longitudinal groove 21 decreases towards the channel base 211 out steadily. At the gutter base 211, the metal plate 19 is set with superior transducer assembly 16. The determination can take place in that the metal plate 19 is adhered to the fabric body 20 or - as shown in the sectional view of Fig. 2 it can be seen that the fabric body 20 engages over the metal plate 19 along its longitudinal edges. In both cases, the metal plate 19 is positively in the groove bottom 211 a.

Die solchermaßen aufgebaute, elektroakustische Baueinheit 13 ist über den Weichstoffkörper 20 am Hüllkörpersegment 14 befestigt (Fig. 2). Hierzu sind im Weichstoffkörper 20 beidseitig der Längsrinne 21, also in Anbaulage des Antennenmoduls 11 oberhalb und unterhalb der Längsrinne 21, Mittel zur Befestigung am Hüllkörpersegment 14 eingeschlossen. Im beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel weisen diese Befestigungsmittel mit einem Innengewinde versehene Hohlkörper 22 auf. Diese Hohlkörper 22 sind vorzugsweise aus Metall und werden bei der Herstellung des Weichstoffkörpers 20 mit in diesen integriert. Im Weichstoffkörper 20 sind zu den Hohlkörpern 14 führende Kanäle 23 und an der in Schalleinfallsrichtung weisenden Frontwand 143 des Hüllkörpersegments 14 Durchstecklöcher 24 vorgehalten, die mit den Kanälen 23 fluchten. Zum Befestigen der mindestens einen Baueinheit 13 an dem Hüllkörpersegment 14 wird die Baueinheit 13 mit ihrer in Schalleinfallsrichtung weisenden Vorderseite innen an die Frontwand 143 des Hüllkörpersegments 14 angelegt und werden durch die Durchstecklöcher 24 und Kanäle 23 hindurchgeführte Schraubbolzen 25 mit ihrem jeweils ein Außengewinde tragenden Bolzenschäften 251 in die Hohlkörper 22 eingeschraubt. Die vorzugsweise als Senkköpfe ausgeführten Bolzenköpfe 252 liegen in Einsenkungen in der Frontwand 143 des Hüllkörpersegments 14 formschlüssig ein.
Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 sind in das Hüllkörpersegment 12 insgesamt drei elektroakustische Baueinheiten 13 integriert, die alle identisch und wie vorstehend beschrieben ausgebildet und in der beschriebenen Weise am Hüllkörpersegment 14 befestigt sind. Die drei elektroakustischen Baueinheiten 13 sind in Anbaulage des Antennenmoduls 11 am Antennenträger 12 vertikal übereinander angeordnet. Dadurch ergibt sich eine flächige Seitenantenne mit vertikal gebündelter Richtwirkung.The electroacoustic structural unit 13 constructed in this way is fastened to the envelope body segment 14 via the soft material body 20 (FIG. Fig. 2 ). For this purpose, in the fabric body 20 on both sides of the longitudinal groove 21, ie in the mounting position of the antenna module 11 above and below the longitudinal channel 21, means for attachment to the envelope body segment 14 is included. In the described embodiment, these fastening means have an internal thread Hollow body 22. These hollow bodies 22 are preferably made of metal and are integrated in the production of the fabric body 20 in this. In the fabric body 20 leading to the hollow bodies 14 channels 23 and 14 pointing at the direction of sound incidence front wall 143 of the Hüllkörpersegments 14 through holes 24 are kept in alignment with the channels 23. For attaching the at least one structural unit 13 to the Hüllkörpersegment 14, the assembly 13 is applied with its pointing in the direction of sound incidence inside to the front wall 143 of the Hüllkörpersegments 14 and are passed through the through holes 24 and channels 23 threaded bolt 25 with their respective external thread bearing Bolzenschäften 251st screwed into the hollow body 22. The preferably designed as countersunk heads bolt heads 252 lie in depressions in the front wall 143 of the Hüllkörpersegments 14 a form-fitting manner.
In the embodiment of Fig. 1 are integrated in the Hüllkörpersegment 12 a total of three electro-acoustic units 13, which are all identical and formed as described above and attached to the Hüllkörpersegment 14 in the manner described. The three electro-acoustic units 13 are arranged vertically above one another in the mounting position of the antenna module 11 on the antenna carrier 12. This results in a flat side antenna with vertically bundled directivity.

Zur Kompensation des Gewichtes der einzelnen elektroakustischen Baueinheiten 13 ist jeder Baueinheit 13 noch ein Auftriebskörper 26 zugeordnet, der an der von der Wandleranordnung 16 abgekehrten Rückseite des Weichstoffkörpers 20 befestigt ist. Der vorzugsweise aus porösem Schaum hergestellte Auftriebskörper 26 ist bezüglich der Materialauswahl und der Abmessungen so gestaltet, dass das Gewicht der elektroakustischen Baueinheit 13 von der vom Auftriebskörper 26 im Wasser erzeugten Auftriebskraft annähernd kompensiert wird. Vorteilhaft ist die Baueinheit 13 zusammen mit dem Auftriebskörper 26 in einem akustisch transparenten Umguss, z.B. aus Polyurethan, eingeschlossen, der entlang der Außenkonturen geführt ist und somit auch die Wandleranordnung 16 umschließt und die Metallplatine 19 sowie die Seitenwände der Längsrinne 21 (Fig. 2) bzw. der Trichter 39 (Fig. 6) bedeckt.To compensate for the weight of the individual electroacoustic assemblies 13 each unit 13 is still associated with a buoyancy body 26 which is attached to the side facing away from the transducer assembly 16 back of the fabric body 20. The buoyant body 26, preferably made of porous foam, is designed in terms of material selection and dimensions such that: the weight of the electroacoustic assembly 13 is approximately compensated by the buoyancy force generated by the buoyant body 26 in the water. Advantageously, the assembly 13 is enclosed together with the buoyant body 26 in an acoustically transparent encapsulation, eg of polyurethane, which is guided along the outer contours and thus also encloses the transducer assembly 16 and the metal plate 19 and the side walls of the longitudinal channel 21 (FIGS. Fig. 2 ) or funnel 39 (FIG. Fig. 6 ) covered.

Die Befestigung des Hüllkörpersegments 14 am Antennenträger 12 erfolgt über akustische Entkopplungsmittel. Hierzu weist der Antennenträger 12, im Ausführungsbeispiel der Bootskörper des U-Boots, zwei vertikal voneinander beabstandete und horizontal am Bootskörper ausgerichtete Reihen von sog. Knaggen 27 auf, die in jeder Reihe mit definiertem Abstand voneinander am Bootskörper festliegen. Unter Knaggen 27 werden am Bootskörper abstehende, zylindrische oder quaderförmige Befestigungsstützen verstanden, die jeweils mit einer Gewindebohrung versehen sind. In Fig. 4 ist in vergrößerter Darstellung eine solche Knagge 27 aus der unteren Knaggenreihe im Schnitt skizziert. Die beiden Knaggenreihen erstrecken sich über eine Strecke am Bootskörper, die mindestens der Länge der Unterwasserantenne entspricht. Zur Befestigung des Hüllkörpersegments 14 sind jedem Antennenmodul 11 zwei U-Schienen 28 zugeordnet, die auf jeweils mindestens zwei Knaggen 27 festgelegt sind. Dabei ist eine obere U-Schiene 28 auf der oberen Knaggenreihe und eine untere Schiene 28 auf der unteren Knaggenreihe befestigt. Jede, zwei Schenkel 281, 282 und ein diese verbindendes Querteil 283 aufweisende U-Schiene 28 besitzt in ihrem Querteil 283 Durchgangslöcher 29, die vorzugsweise als Langlöcher mit in Längsrichtung der U-Schiene 28 ausgerichteter, größerer Lochabmessung ausgebildet sind. Durch die Durchgangslöcher 29 ist jeweils eine Kopfschraube 30 hindurchgeführt, die mit ihrem Gewindeschaft 301 in der Gewindebohrung in den Knaggen 27 verschraubt ist. Dabei presst sich der Schraubenkopf 302 der Kopfschraube 30 über eine Flachscheibe 31 und einem ersten federelastischen Element 32 auf das Querteil 283 der U-Schiene 28 auf und presst dieses über ein zweites federelastisches Element 33 auf die Stirnfläche der Knagge 27 auf. Gleichzeitig werden die Stirnflächen der Schenkel 281, 282 der U-Schiene 28 unter Zwischenlage eines dritten federelastischen Elements 34 an den Antennenträger 12 angepresst. Die federelastischen Elemente 32, 33 und 34, die aus Gummi, Polyurethan-Schaum und dgl. bestehen können, dienen der akustischen Entkopplung der U-Schiene 28 von den Knaggen 27, sodass vom Antennenträger 12 abgestrahlter Störrschall nur stark gedämpft auf die U-Schiene 28 und von dort auf das Hüllkörpersegment 14 übertragen wird.The attachment of the Hüllkörpersegments 14 on the antenna support 12 via acoustic decoupling means. For this purpose, the antenna support 12, in the embodiment of the hull of the submarine, two vertically spaced and horizontally aligned on the hull rows of so-called. Knobs 27 which are fixed in each row with a defined distance from each other on the hull. Under lugs 27 are understood to be on the hull, cylindrical or cuboid mounting posts understood that are each provided with a threaded hole. In Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of such a projection 27 out of the lower Knaggenreihe sketched in section. The two rows of ridges extend over a distance on the boat body, which corresponds at least to the length of the underwater antenna. For attachment of the enveloping body segment 14, each antenna module 11 is assigned two U-rails 28 which are fixed to respectively at least two lugs 27. In this case, an upper U-rail 28 is mounted on the upper Knaggenreihe and a lower rail 28 on the lower Knaggenreihe. Each, two legs 281, 282 and a cross member 283 having these connecting U-rail 28 has in its transverse part 283 through holes 29, preferably as elongated holes in the longitudinal direction of the U-rail 28th aligned, larger hole size are formed. Through the through holes 29 each have a head screw 30 is passed, which is screwed with its threaded shank 301 in the threaded bore in the lugs 27. In this case, the screw head 302 of the cap screw 30 presses on a flat disc 31 and a first resilient element 32 on the transverse part 283 of the U-rail 28 and presses this via a second resilient element 33 on the end face of the knob 27. At the same time, the end faces of the legs 281, 282 of the U-rail 28 are pressed against the antenna carrier 12 with the interposition of a third spring-elastic element 34. The resilient elements 32, 33 and 34, which may consist of rubber, polyurethane foam and the like. Serve the acoustic decoupling of the U-rail 28 of the lugs 27, so radiated from the antenna support 12 Störrschall only greatly attenuated to the U-rail 28 and from there to the envelope body segment 14 is transmitted.

Eine weitere akustische Entkopplung ist zwischen der U-Schiene 28 und dem Hüllkörpersegment 14 vorgesehen. Das Hüllkörpersegment 14 ist mit je einem Schenkel 141, 142 über den äußeren Schenkel 281 der oberen und unteren U-Schiene 28 geschoben, wobei die Stirnenden der Schenkel 141, 142 des Hüllkörpersegments 14 sich auf dem dritten federelastischen Element 34 abstützen. In Fig. 5 ist dies im Schnitt für den oberen Schenkel 141 des Hüllkörpersegments 14 und dem äußeren Schenkel 281 der oberen U-Schiene 28 skizziert. Die gleiche konstruktive Ausführung findet sich zwischen dem unteren Schenkel 142 des Hüllkörpersegments 14 und der unteren U-Schiene 28. Die die äußeren Schenkel 281 der U-Schienen 28 übergreifenden beiden Schenkel 141 und 142 des Hüllkörpersegments 14 liegen nicht unmittelbar an den äußeren Schenkeln 281 der U-Schienen 28 an, vielmehr ist zwischen diesen ein viertes federelastisches Element 35 mit Durchgangslöchern für jeweils eine Gewindeschraube 36 eingelegt. In den äußeren Schenkeln 281 der U-Schienen 28 sind Gewindelöcher 37 und in dem oberen und unteren Schenkel 141, 142 des Hüllkörpersegments 14 damit fluchtende Durchstecklöcher 38 vorhanden. Die durch die Durchstecklöcher 38 und das vierte federelastische Element 35 hindurchgeführten Gewindeschrauben 36 werden in den Gewindelöchern 37 festgespannt, wobei das vierte und das dritte federelastische Element 35, 34 eine zusätzliche akustische Entkopplung des Hüllkörpersegments 14 vom Antennenträger 12 bewirken.A further acoustic decoupling is provided between the U-rail 28 and the enveloping body segment 14. The Hüllkörpersegment 14 is pushed with one leg 141, 142 over the outer leg 281 of the upper and lower U-rail 28, wherein the front ends of the legs 141, 142 of the Hüllkörpersegments 14 are supported on the third elastic element 34. In Fig. 5 this is sketched in section for the upper leg 141 of the Hüllkörpersegments 14 and the outer leg 281 of the upper U-rail 28. The same constructive embodiment can be found between the lower leg 142 of the Hüllkörpersegments 14 and the lower U-rail 28. The outer legs 281 of the U-rails 28 cross-two legs 141 and 142 of the Hüllkörpersegments 14 are not directly adjacent to the outer Thighs 281 of the U-rails 28, but a fourth spring-elastic element 35 with through holes for each a threaded screw 36 is inserted between them. In the outer legs 281 of the U-rails 28 threaded holes 37 and in the upper and lower legs 141, 142 of the Hüllkörpersegments 14 aligned therewith through holes 38 are present. The threaded through holes 36 passed through the through holes 38 and the fourth spring-elastic element 35 are tightened in the threaded holes 37, wherein the fourth and the third resilient element 35, 34 cause additional acoustic decoupling of the Hüllkörpersegments 14 from the antenna support 12.

In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel des Antennenmoduls 11 ist die elektroakustische Baueinheit 13 insoweit modifiziert, als - wie dies in Fig. 6 dargestellt ist - die Hydrofone 17 der elektroakustischen Wandleranordnung 16 nicht gemeinsam am Grund einer im Weichstoffkörper 20 vorhandenen Längsrinne angeordnet sind, sondern jedes Hydrofon 17 separat am Grund eines im Weichstoffkörper 20 ausgebildeten, kegelstumpfförmigen Trichters 39 auf der dort freigegebenen ansonsten im Weichstoffkörper 20 eingebetteten Metallplatine 19 des Reflektors 15 platziert ist. Eine der Hydrofonzahl entsprechende Anzahl von zur Vorderseite des Weichstoffkörpers 20 hin sich aufweitenden Trichtern 39 ist in Anbaulage des Antennenmoduls 11 horizontal nebeneinandergereiht. Die Metallplatine 19 durchzieht den gesamten Weichstoffkörper 20 und ist außerhalb der Trichtergründe von dem Weichstoff überdeckt. Die als Absorber wirkenden Trichterwände schotten die nebeneinanderliegenden Hydrofone 17 akustisch gegeneinander ab. Der Weichstoffkörper 20 weist wiederum nahe seiner in Anbaulage oberen und unteren Längskante eingeschlossene Befestigungsmittel auf, die z.B. wie in Fig. 2 ausgebildet sind und von denen in Fig. 6 die zu den Hohlkörpern führenden Kanäle 23 zu sehen sind.In a further embodiment of the antenna module 11, the electroacoustic module 13 is modified insofar as - as in Fig. 6 is shown - the hydrophones 17 of the electroacoustic transducer assembly 16 are not arranged together at the bottom of a soft tissue body 20 longitudinal channel, but each hydrophone 17 separately at the bottom of a formed in the fabric body 20, frustoconical funnel 39 on the shared there otherwise in the fabric body 20 embedded metal plate 19th of the reflector 15 is placed. A number corresponding to the number of hydrophones of funnels 39 which expand toward the front of the soft material body 20 is horizontally next to one another in the mounting position of the antenna module 11. The metal plate 19 passes through the entire fabric body 20 and is covered by the soft material outside the funnel bottoms. The funnel walls acting as absorbers scotch the adjoining hydrophones 17 acoustically against each other. The fabric body 20 again has close to its upper and lower in cultivation position Longitudinal edge included fasteners on, for example, as in Fig. 2 are formed and of which in Fig. 6 the leading to the hollow bodies channels 23 can be seen.

In Abänderung der beschriebenen elektroakustischen Baueinheit 13 kann die die Längsrinne 21 durchziehende Metallplatine 19 auch in aneinandergesetzte Segmente unterteilt sein. Auch kann die obere und untere U-Schiene 28 jeweils in zwei Schienensegmente aufgeteilt sein, wobei jeweils ein Schienensegment in der beschriebenen Weise auf einer Knagge 27 befestigt ist.In a modification of the described electro-acoustic structural unit 13, the metal plate 19 passing through the longitudinal channel 21 can also be subdivided into juxtaposed segments. Also, the upper and lower U-rails 28 may each be divided into two rail segments, each one rail segment is fixed in the manner described on a ridge 27.

Alle in der vorstehenden Beschreibung sowie in den Ansprüchen genannten Merkmale sind erfindungsgemäß sowohl einzeln als auch in beliebiger Kombination miteinander einsetzbar. Die Erfindung ist daher nicht auf die beschriebenen bzw. beanspruchten Merkmalskombinationen beschränkt. Vielmehr sind alle Kombinationen von Einzelmerkmalen als offenbart zu betrachten.All mentioned in the foregoing description and in the claims features according to the invention can be used individually as well as in any combination with each other. The invention is therefore not limited to the described or claimed feature combinations. Rather, all combinations of individual features are to be regarded as revealed.

Claims (15)

  1. Underwater aerial for attachment to an aerial carrier (12), in particular to a hull of a U-boat, with at least one electroacoustic structural unit (13) that comprises a reflector (15) constructed as a spring-mass system with a metallic plate bar (19) as mass and with an elastic soft substance body (20) arranged in the direction of the incident sound behind the metal plate bar (19) as a spring and comprises a converter arrangement (16) set in front of the reflector (15) in the direction of the incident sound, which arrangement consists of a plurality of electroacoustic converters, in particular hydrophones (17) that are arranged in adjacent rows with spacing and fastened to the metal plate bar (19) characterised by that the at least one electroacoustic structural unit (13) is received in an acoustically transparent enveloping volume segment (14) and is fastened via the soft substance body (20) to the boundary volume segment (14), and that the enveloping volume segment (14) comprises shanks (141, 142) and is fixed via acoustic decoupling means with the shanks (141, 142) on the end side to the aerial carrier (12).
  2. The underwater aerial according to Claim 1, characterised by that the soft substance body (20) comprises a longitudinal groove (21) open to its front side facing the direction of incident sound and with a trapezoidal cross section whose inside width constantly decreases toward the groove bottom (211), and that the metal plate bar (19) is fixed with a converter arrangement (16) placed in front of it to the groove bottom (211).
  3. The underwater aerial according to Claim 2, characterised by that the metal plate bar (19) lies positively in the groove bottom (211) of the longitudinal groove (21).
  4. The underwater aerial according to Claim 3, characterised by that the metal plate bar (19) is adhered to the soft substance body (20).
  5. The underwater aerial according to Claim 3 or 4, characterised by that the soft substance body (20) extends over the metal plate bar (19) along its longitudinal edges.
  6. The underwater aerial according to Claim 1, characterised by that the soft substance body (20) has a number of funnels (39) in the shape of a truncated cone, which number corresponds to the number of electroacoustic converters of the converter arrangement, and which funnels widen out to their front side facing the direction of incident sound, that the metal plate bar (19) is embedded on the bottom of the funnels (39) in the soft substance body (20), and that an electroacoustic converter is fixed on the bottom of each funnel (39) on the metal plate bar (19).
  7. The underwater aerial according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised by that the metal plate bar (19) consists of two metal plates (191, 192) with a preferably rubber layer (193) that dampens flexural waves between them.
  8. The underwater aerial according to one of Claims 2 to 7, characterised by that means for fastening the structural unit (13) to the enveloping volume segment (14) are enclosed in the soft substance body (20), preferably in the vicinity of its upper and lower longitudinal edge in the attachment position of the structural unit (13).
  9. The underwater aerial according to Claim 8, characterised by that the fastening means comprise hollow bodies (22) with internal threading, preferably of metal, into which screw bolts (25) run through insertion holes (24) formed in the enveloping volume segment (14) can be screwed by their bolt shafts (251) carrying an external threading.
  10. The underwater aerial according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised by that the soft substance body (20) consists of polyurethane foam.
  11. The underwater aerial according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterised by that each structural unit (13) is associated with a float body (26) preferably consisting of porous foam, which float body is designed in such a manner that the floating force produced by it in the water is approximately equal to the weight of the structural unit (13).
  12. The underwater aerial according to Claim 11, characterised by that the float body (26) is fastened to the back side of the soft substance body (20) that faces away from the converter arrangement (16).
  13. The underwater aerial according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterised by that several structural units (13) are present in the enveloping volume segment (14), which structural units are arranged vertically above each other in the attachment position of the enveloping volume segment (14).
  14. The underwater aerial according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterised by that several enveloping volume segments (12) provided respectively with one or more structural units (13) are set horizontally adjacent to each other in the attachment position of the underwater aerial and are fastened in a separated manner on the aerial carrier (12).
  15. The underwater aerial according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterised by that three enveloping volume segments (14) provided respectively with one or more structural units (13) are horizontally fastened in the attachment position of the underwater aerial with a defined interval from each other to the aerial carrier (12).
EP20090177541 2008-12-19 2009-11-30 Underwater antenna Active EP2200017B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE102008064002A DE102008064002A1 (en) 2008-12-19 2008-12-19 Underwater antenna

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EP2200017A2 EP2200017A2 (en) 2010-06-23
EP2200017A3 EP2200017A3 (en) 2012-12-26
EP2200017B1 true EP2200017B1 (en) 2015-04-22

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KR (1) KR101079528B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102008064002A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015103295A1 (en) * 2015-03-06 2016-09-08 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Sound transducer for transmitting and / or receiving underwater acoustic signals, transducer, sonar and watercraft
DE102016103787A1 (en) * 2016-03-03 2017-09-07 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh System for a sonar device and underwater vehicle and method therewith
DE102016118238A1 (en) * 2016-09-27 2018-03-29 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh UNDERWATER ANTENNA FOR A UNDERWATER VEHICLE AND SLEEPING BODY WITH SUCH A UNDERWATER ANTENNA
CN109378570B (en) * 2018-09-05 2020-11-03 聊城信元通信科技有限公司 Safe and reliable's network basic station antenna erection support
KR102079059B1 (en) * 2019-10-14 2020-02-19 이상욱 Block assembly for foundation of sensor in submarine
CN112713388A (en) * 2020-12-11 2021-04-27 北京无线电测量研究所 Biconical antenna unit structure
US11395064B1 (en) * 2021-01-12 2022-07-19 Raytheon Company Vibration damping acoustic array
CN116331456B (en) * 2023-03-17 2023-11-24 中国科学院声学研究所 A broadside array subassembly for unmanned submarine

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DE3642747A1 (en) * 1986-12-15 1988-06-16 Krupp Atlas Elektronik Gmbh HULL BODY FOR A HYDROPHONE ARRANGEMENT
DE3834669C2 (en) 1988-10-12 1996-11-28 Stn Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Acoustic insulation device for side antennas in underwater vehicles
US5047996A (en) * 1989-11-22 1991-09-10 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Sonar transducer
DE4339798A1 (en) 1993-11-23 1995-05-24 Stn Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Electroacoustic transducer arrangement
FR2833450B1 (en) * 2001-12-07 2004-11-19 Thales Sa HIGH-TRANSMISSION ACOUSTIC ANTENNA
DE102006060796B4 (en) * 2006-12-21 2010-09-02 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Underwater antenna

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EP2200017A2 (en) 2010-06-23
DE102008064002A1 (en) 2010-06-24
KR20100071936A (en) 2010-06-29
KR101079528B1 (en) 2011-11-03

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