EP2199704B1 - Electric heating device - Google Patents

Electric heating device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2199704B1
EP2199704B1 EP20090015168 EP09015168A EP2199704B1 EP 2199704 B1 EP2199704 B1 EP 2199704B1 EP 20090015168 EP20090015168 EP 20090015168 EP 09015168 A EP09015168 A EP 09015168A EP 2199704 B1 EP2199704 B1 EP 2199704B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
openings
heating
heat exchanger
heating element
heating device
Prior art date
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Application number
EP20090015168
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2199704A3 (en
EP2199704A2 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Hetzler
Ralph Wächter
Stefan Brosig
Norbert Ernst
Stephan Dick
Jörg Krieger
Christian Dörrie
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BorgWarner Ludwigsburg GmbH
Original Assignee
BorgWarner Beru Systems GmbH
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Publication of EP2199704A2 publication Critical patent/EP2199704A2/en
Publication of EP2199704A3 publication Critical patent/EP2199704A3/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
    • F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F24H9/1872—PTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/50—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H05B2203/023—Heaters of the type used for electrically heating the air blown in a vehicle compartment by the vehicle heating system

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric heater with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such heaters are from the FR 2 323 108 A1 and the WO 2007/071335 A1 known.
  • the from the EP 1 370 117 A2 known heating device has a plurality of heat exchangers, between which PTC heating elements are arranged.
  • the heat exchangers are formed from extruded profiles, which have openings running in the extrusion direction, which are flowed through during operation by an air stream to be heated.
  • the from the WO 2007/071335 A1 known heating device has a heat exchanger formed from an extruded profile, which is provided with openings extending transversely to the extrusion direction, so that the air flow to be heated can flow transversely to the extrusion direction through the heat exchanger.
  • the object of the invention is to show a way how a fluid flow with a heater of the type mentioned can be heated more efficiently.
  • the smallest possible flow resistance of the heat exchanger is desirable. Namely, the larger the flow resistance, the more expensive it is to ensure that fluid flows through the heat exchanger.
  • heaters for heating an air flow which have a large flow resistance, can only be operated in combination with a powerful and therefore expensive fan. More generally, with greater flow resistance, greater pressure must be applied to allow fluid to flow through the heat exchanger.
  • a smaller flow resistance can be achieved in that the openings of the heat exchanger make up a larger surface portion of the inflow side, so that the heat exchanger can be better flowed through by a fluid to be heated.
  • this makes the heat transfer difficult.
  • a low flow resistance can be combined with a good heat output, in that the openings of the heat exchanger make up the larger the surface portion of the upstream side the farther they are from the nearest heating element.
  • a larger area fraction of the openings can be achieved, for example, by increasing the number or density of the openings or by increasing the openings. In principle, these measures can also be combined, that is, the number of openings increased in one area and there additionally larger openings are arranged.
  • At least the largest openings are elongated, in particular as elongated holes.
  • Elongated openings may in particular be elliptical or shaped as slots.
  • a heating device has heat-emitting ribs which preferably emanate from a base plate of the heat exchanger having the openings. By flowing the fluid to be heated past heat release fins, the heat output can be improved.
  • heat transfer ribs are arranged at a greater distance from each other than adjacent heat discharge ribs at a smaller distance from the nearest heating element.
  • heat-emitting fins run parallel to the nearest heating element.
  • the heat-emitting ribs can also be arranged differently.
  • the heat exchanger preferably has heat release ribs only on a single side. But it is also possible to provide both front and back of the heat exchanger with heat-emitting ribs.
  • the invention therefore relates to a heating device having at least one electric heating element and at least one heat exchanger, the heat discharge ribs and an inflowing from a fluid to be heated upstream side are in the fluid to be heated by the flow-through openings, at a greater distance from the nearest heating element adjacent Heat discharge ribs are arranged at a greater distance from each other than adjacent heat-emitting ribs at a smaller distance from the nearest heating element, and the openings between adjacent heat-emitting ribs make up the larger surface portion of the upstream side, the greater the distance between the heat-emitting ribs.
  • the upstream side of the heat exchanger having different sized openings, wherein larger openings are arranged between adjacent heat discharge ribs, which have an increased distance from each other. Larger openings are then arranged at a greater distance from the nearest heating element than smaller openings. This does not mean that no small openings can be arranged far away from the heating elements. In addition to larger openings, for example in between, even small openings can be arranged far away from the heating elements. However, it is particularly preferred that the size of the openings increases with increasing distance from the nearest heating element.
  • the size of the openings it is possible for the size of the openings to be greater the further the respective opening is removed from the nearest heating element; that is to say of two openings which are at different distances from the respective nearest heating element, in each case the more distant opening is larger. But it is also possible that the size of the openings increases gradually and adjacent openings are present, which are different distances far away from the respective nearest heating element and are the same size. Preferably, the largest openings have the greatest distance to the respective nearest heating element.
  • the ratio of its length and its width is greater than in the smallest openings of the inflow side is.
  • the largest openings may be elliptically shaped or formed as elongated holes. This is particularly advantageous if the openings are arranged between heat-emitting ribs, in particular abut with their edge on heat-emitting grating ribs.
  • the heat exchanger of a heating device according to the invention may be formed, for example, as a perforated plate.
  • the heat exchanger is preferably formed from an extruded profile. It is particularly preferred that the heat exchanger can be flowed through by the openings of a fluid transverse to the extrusion direction.
  • This measure has the advantage that the heat exchanger can be formed integrally with a rod-shaped housing in which the heating element or elements are arranged.
  • the heat exchanger may be formed from an extruded profile, from which a heating element is formed, in which one or more heating elements are arranged.
  • the openings widen in each case with increasing distance from the nearest heating element.
  • This can be achieved, for example, in that the openings have an approximately triangular, trapezoidal or semi-elliptical shape.
  • a triangular opening which faces the nearest heating element with a tip, namely widens with increasing distance from the nearest heating element.
  • the heat release ribs can all have the same height. It is also possible that at least one heat-dispensing fin is present, which has a greater height in the flow direction than an adjacent heat-dispensing fin, which is arranged at a greater distance from the nearest heating element. In this case, it is possible for the height of the heat-releasing ribs to be smaller the farther the relevant heat-dissipating fin is removed from the nearest heating element; that is to say of two heat-releasing ribs which are at different distances from the respective nearest heating element, in each case the heat-removal rib located farther away has a small height. But it is also possible that the height of the heat-emitting fins gradually decreases, so adjacent heat-emitting fins are present, which are different distances far away from the respective nearest heating element and are the same.
  • the material thickness of the heat exchanger in particular the base plate, preferably decreases with increasing distance from the nearest heating element or the nearest heating element.
  • the material thickness can decrease continuously or gradually between the heat release ribs. Starting from a maximum value for a heating rod, the material thickness preferably decreases by at least one third. Particularly advantageous is a decrease of 40% to 60%.
  • the heat exchanger is connected to at least one heating element, in which the at least one heating element is arranged.
  • the heat exchanger can be formed integrally with the heating element, for example, as an extruded profile. In this way, the heat exchanger is thus formed of an extruded profile, from which also the at least one heating element is formed.
  • the heat-emitting ribs project beyond the heating rod, that is measured from the openings have a greater height. In this way, a very efficient heat dissipation can be achieved.
  • a heating device is particularly efficient if the heat exchanger is flown by the fluid flow to be heated on its side having heat-emitting fins.
  • a fluid flow can be heated much better than in the case of influxes of a heat release ribs on the free side of the heat exchanger.
  • the influx of the heat-emitting ribs having side favors a laminar flow per se and thus a worse heat transfer is to be expected per se, shows at flow on the heat-emitting ribs having side better heat dissipation.
  • the openings are punched out in the heat exchanger.
  • the openings can also be produced in other ways, for example by laser beam cutting.
  • the in the Figures 1 and 2 has shown a heat exchanger 1 formed by an extruded profile, the transverse to the extrusion direction extending openings 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, which are traversed by a fluid to be heated.
  • the extruded profile is for example made of aluminum and has a plurality of, in the illustrated embodiment 3, extending in the extrusion direction square tubes 3 and parallel to the square tubes 3 extending heat release ribs 4.
  • the square tubes 3 is in each case a heating device with a plurality of plate-shaped heating elements 5 made of a PTC ceramic, for example based on barium titanate, arranged and pressed between insides of the heating element 3.
  • the PTC heating elements 5 abut against a heating element inside and on a contact plate 6, which can protrude, for example, as a contact tongue, from the square tube and this is electrically isolated by an insulating layer 7, for example of alumina, 3.
  • the square tubes 3 together with the heating device arranged in them thus heating rods which generate heat during operation, which is discharged to a flowing through the openings 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e of the heat exchanger 1 fluid flow.
  • the heating elements 3 and the heat exchanger 1 are integrally formed.
  • the openings 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e are the larger, so have a larger opening area, the farther they are from the nearest heater 3 and thus from the nearest heating element 5 are removed.
  • the heat exchanger 1 in the vicinity of the heating elements 3 has a higher mass than further away from the heating elements and can thus easily dissipate heat generated in the heating elements 3.
  • the illustrated heat exchanger 1 thus combines a good flow through with an efficient dissipation and distribution of the heat generated in the heating elements 3.
  • the openings 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e are arranged between the heat release ribs 4.
  • the distance between adjacent heat release ribs 4 is the largest between the two adjacent heat discharge ribs 4, which have the greatest distance to the nearest heating element 5, so in the illustrated embodiment between them the largest openings 2 d, which are formed as slots in the illustrated embodiment ,
  • the heat release ribs 4 limit the width of the openings.
  • the heat release is particularly efficient when the fluid flow to be heated flows against the side of the heat exchanger 1, which has the heat release ribs 4.
  • the PTC heating elements 5 can be different than in FIG. 1 represented, in the heating element 3 abut against the flowed side, ie on the Schustabinnenseite, which is closer to the heat exchanger 1. This means that the order of in FIG. 1 shown components 5, 6 and 7 is reversed.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 is shown a further embodiment, which differs from the embodiment described above substantially only in that the largest openings 2 d are formed elliptical.
  • These openings 2d represent, by way of example, the special case that centrally located between two heating elements are two widening part openings, here semi-ellipses, which are connected to each other. Also in this embodiment, the distance between adjacent heat-emitting fins 4 increases with increasing distance from the nearest heating rod 3.
  • FIG. 5 another embodiment is shown in which heat-emitting fins 4, which have a greater height in the flow direction, are arranged at a smaller distance from the nearest heating element, as heat-emitting fins 4, which have a smaller height in the flow direction.
  • heat-emitting fins 4 which have a greater height in the flow direction.
  • only two different heights are provided.
  • the height of the heat-emitting fins 4 measured in the direction of flow to decrease with increasing distance from the heating element closest to it, that is to say the heating rod 3 closest to it.
  • FIG. 6 shows that in FIG. 5 illustrated embodiment in a side view. It can be seen that in this embodiment, all the openings 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e are circular. In this embodiment, the openings 2a-2e each extend from the heating rod 3 and a heat release rib 4 to the next heat release rib 4th
  • FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment in which the openings 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d with increasing distance from the nearest heating element, ie the respective nearest heating element 3, each expand, so at the end facing away from the nearest heater end a greater length (in Extrusion direction) than the end facing the nearest heater rod.
  • the openings 2a, 2b, 2c are formed approximately trapezoidal.
  • Each lying in the middle between two heating elements 3 openings 2d have approximately the shape of two connected to their base sides trapezoids.
  • the size of the openings 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d increases in the FIG. 7 shown embodiment with increasing distance from the nearest heating element to them. In each case, the ratio between length (in the extrusion direction) and width of the openings 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d increases.
  • the thickness of the heat release ribs 4 in the illustrated examples is 0.8 to 1.3 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung geht aus von einer elektrischen Heizvorrichtung mit den im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmalen. Derartige Heizvorrichtungen sind aus der FR 2 323 108 A1 und der WO 2007/071335 A1 bekannt.The invention relates to an electric heater with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1. Such heaters are from the FR 2 323 108 A1 and the WO 2007/071335 A1 known.

Die aus der EP 1 370 117 A2 bekannte Heizvorrichtung hat mehrere Wärmeübertrager, zwischen denen PTC-Heizelemente angeordnet sind. Die Wärmeübertrager sind aus Strangpressprofilen gebildet, die in Strangpressrichtung verlaufende Öffnungen aufweisen, die im Betrieb von einem zu erwärmenden Luftstrom durchströmt werden.The from the EP 1 370 117 A2 known heating device has a plurality of heat exchangers, between which PTC heating elements are arranged. The heat exchangers are formed from extruded profiles, which have openings running in the extrusion direction, which are flowed through during operation by an air stream to be heated.

Die aus der WO 2007/071335 A1 bekannte Heizvorrichtung hat einen aus einem Strangpressprofil gebildeten Wärmeübertrager, der mit quer zur Strangpressrichtung verlaufenden Öffnungen versehen ist, so dass der zu erwärmende Luftstrom quer zur Strangpressrichtung durch den Wärmeübertrager strömen kann.The from the WO 2007/071335 A1 known heating device has a heat exchanger formed from an extruded profile, which is provided with openings extending transversely to the extrusion direction, so that the air flow to be heated can flow transversely to the extrusion direction through the heat exchanger.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Weg aufzuzeigen, wie ein Fluidstrom mit einer Heizvorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art effizienter erwärmt werden kann.The object of the invention is to show a way how a fluid flow with a heater of the type mentioned can be heated more efficiently.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Heizvorrichtung mit den im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindungen sind Gegenstand von Unteransprüchen.This object is achieved by a heating device with the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous developments of the inventions are the subject of dependent claims.

Damit ein Fluidstrom möglichst effizient und mit möglichst geringem Aufwand erwärmt werden kann, ist an sich ein möglichst kleiner Strömungswiderstand des Wärmeübertragers wünschenswert. Je größer nämlich der Strömungswiderstand ist, desto aufwendiger ist es, dafür zu sorgen, dass Fluid durch den Wärmeübertrager strömt. Beispielsweise können Heizvorrichtungen zum Erwärmen eines Luftstroms, die einen großen Strömungswiderstand haben, nur in Kombination mit einem leistungsstarken und damit aufwendigen Gebläse betrieben werden. Allgemeiner gesagt, muss bei einem größeren Strömungswiderstand ein größerer Druck aufgebracht werden, damit Fluid durch den Wärmeübertrager strömt.For a fluid flow to be heated as efficiently as possible and with the least possible effort, the smallest possible flow resistance of the heat exchanger is desirable. Namely, the larger the flow resistance, the more expensive it is to ensure that fluid flows through the heat exchanger. For example, heaters for heating an air flow, which have a large flow resistance, can only be operated in combination with a powerful and therefore expensive fan. More generally, with greater flow resistance, greater pressure must be applied to allow fluid to flow through the heat exchanger.

Ein kleinerer Strömungswiderstand lässt sich dadurch erreichen, dass die Öffnungen des Wärmeübertragers einen größeren Flächenanteil der Anströmseite ausmachen, so dass der Wärmeübertrager besser von einem zu erwärmenden Fluid durchströmt werden kann. Allerdings wird dadurch der Wärmeübergang erschwert.A smaller flow resistance can be achieved in that the openings of the heat exchanger make up a larger surface portion of the inflow side, so that the heat exchanger can be better flowed through by a fluid to be heated. However, this makes the heat transfer difficult.

Um nun einen möglichst guten Kompromiss zwischen einer guten Durchströmbarkeit und einer guten Wärmeabgabe zu erzielen, könnte man daran denken, den Flächenanteil der Öffnungen in der Nähe der Heizelemente zu erhöhen und in größerem Abstand von den Heizelementen zu reduzieren, damit der größte Teil des zu erwärmenden Fluidstroms möglichst nahe an den Heizelemente durch den Wärmeübertrager strömt, da dort die höchste Temperatur und somit die beste Wärmeübertragung zu erwarten ist.In order to achieve the best possible compromise between a good flowability and a good heat release, one could think of increasing the area fraction of the openings in the vicinity of the heating elements and reducing them at a greater distance from the heating elements, so that the majority of the to be heated Fluid flow as close to the heating elements through the heat exchanger flows, since there the highest temperature and thus the best heat transfer is expected.

Überraschenderweise ist jedoch das Gegenteil der Fall. Ein geringer Strömungswiderstand lässt sich mit einer guten Wärmeabgabe kombinieren, indem die Öffnungen des Wärmeübertragers einen umso größeren Flächenanteil der Anströmseite ausmachen, je weiter sie von dem nächstliegenden Heizelement entfernt sind.Surprisingly, however, the opposite is the case. A low flow resistance can be combined with a good heat output, in that the openings of the heat exchanger make up the larger the surface portion of the upstream side the farther they are from the nearest heating element.

Ein größerer Flächenanteil der Öffnungen lässt sich beispielsweise dadurch erzielen, dass die Anzahl bzw. Dichte der Öffnungen erhöht wird oder die Öffnungen vergrößert werden. Prinzipiell können diese Maßnahmen auch kombiniert werden, also die Anzahl der Öffnungen in einen Bereich erhöht und dort zusätzlich größere Öffnungen angeordnet werden.A larger area fraction of the openings can be achieved, for example, by increasing the number or density of the openings or by increasing the openings. In principle, these measures can also be combined, that is, the number of openings increased in one area and there additionally larger openings are arranged.

Bevorzugt sind zumindest die größten Öffnungen länglich geformt, insbesondere als Langlöcher. Längliche Öffnungen können insbesondere elliptisch oder als Schlitze geformt sein.Preferably, at least the largest openings are elongated, in particular as elongated holes. Elongated openings may in particular be elliptical or shaped as slots.

Erfindungsgemäß hat eine erfindungsgemäße Heizvorrichtung Wärmeabgaberippen, die bevorzugt von einer die Öffnungen aufweisenden Basisplatte des Wärmeübertragers ausgehen. Indem das zu erwärmende Fluid an Wärmeabgaberippen vorbeiströmt, kann die Wärmeabgabe verbessert werden. Bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizvorrichtung sind in einer größeren Entfernung von dem nächstliegenden Heizelement benachbarte Wärmeabgaberippen in einem größeren Abstand von einander angeordnet als benachbarte Wärmeabgaberippen in einer kleineren Entfernung von dem nächstliegenden Heizelement.According to the invention, a heating device according to the invention has heat-emitting ribs which preferably emanate from a base plate of the heat exchanger having the openings. By flowing the fluid to be heated past heat release fins, the heat output can be improved. In a heating device according to the invention adjacent to a nearest distance from the nearest heating element heat transfer ribs are arranged at a greater distance from each other than adjacent heat discharge ribs at a smaller distance from the nearest heating element.

Dabei ist der Abstand von einer Wärmeabgaberippe zur nächsten umso größer ist, je weiter die betreffende Wärmeabgaberippe von dem nächstliegenden Heizelement entfernt ist. Möglich ist es aber auch, dass der Abstand zwischen benachbarten Wärmeabgaberippen stufenweise zunimmt, also mindestens eine Wärmeabgaberippe vorhanden ist, die auf beiden Seiten zu der jeweils nächsten Wärmeabgaberippe denselben Abstand hat, wobei eine solche Ausgestaltung nicht unter den Schutzbereich der Ansprüche fällt.In this case, the farther the respective heat-dispensing fin from the nearest heating element, the greater the distance from one heat-dispensing fin to the next. But it is also possible that the distance between adjacent heat transfer ribs increases gradually, so at least one heat release rib is present, which has the same distance on both sides to the next heat release rib, such a configuration does not fall under the scope of the claims.

Bevorzugt ist, dass die Wärmeabgaberippen parallel zu dem nächstliegenden Heizelement verlaufen. Die Wärmeabgaberippen können aber auch anders angeordnet sein.It is preferred that the heat-emitting fins run parallel to the nearest heating element. The heat-emitting ribs can also be arranged differently.

Der Wärmeübertrager weist bevorzugt nur auf einer einzigen Seite Wärmeabgaberippen auf. Es ist aber auch möglich, sowohl Vorder- und Rückseite des Wärmeübertragers mit Wärmeabgaberippen auszustatten.The heat exchanger preferably has heat release ribs only on a single side. But it is also possible to provide both front and back of the heat exchanger with heat-emitting ribs.

Die Erfindung betrifft deshalb eine Heizvorrichtung mit mindestens einem elektrischen Heizelement und mindestens einem Wärmeübertrager, der Wärmeabgaberippen und eine von einem zu erwärmenden Fluid anzuströmende Anströmseite aufweist, in der von dem zu erwärmenden Fluid durchströmbare Öffnungen sind, wobei in einer größeren Entfernung von dem nächstliegenden Heizelement benachbarte Wärmeabgaberippen in einem größeren Abstand von einander angeordnet sind als benachbarte Wärmeabgaberippen in einer kleineren Entfernung von dem nächstliegenden Heizelement, und die Öffnungen zwischen benachbarten Wärmeabgaberippen einen umso größeren Flächenanteil der Anströmseite ausmachen, je größer der Abstand zwischen den Wärmeabgaberippen ist.The invention therefore relates to a heating device having at least one electric heating element and at least one heat exchanger, the heat discharge ribs and an inflowing from a fluid to be heated upstream side are in the fluid to be heated by the flow-through openings, at a greater distance from the nearest heating element adjacent Heat discharge ribs are arranged at a greater distance from each other than adjacent heat-emitting ribs at a smaller distance from the nearest heating element, and the openings between adjacent heat-emitting ribs make up the larger surface portion of the upstream side, the greater the distance between the heat-emitting ribs.

Bevorzugt ist, dass die Anströmseite des Wärmeübertragers unterschiedlich große Öffnungen aufweist, wobei größere Öffnungen zwischen benachbarten Wärmeabgaberippen angeordnet sind, die voneinander einen vergrößerten Abstand haben. Größere Öffnungen sind dann also in einem größeren Abstand von dem nächstliegenden Heizelement als kleinere Öffnungen angeordnet. Dies bedeutet nicht, dass weit weg von den Heizelementen keine kleinen Öffnungen angeordnet sein können. Zusätzlich zu größeren Öffnungen, beispielsweise dazwischen, können durchaus auch kleine Öffnungen weit weg von den Heizelementen angeordnet sein. Bevorzugt ist aber insbesondere, dass die Größe der Öffnungen mit zunehmendem Abstand von dem am nächsten liegenden Heizelement zunimmt. Dabei ist es möglich, dass die Größe der Öffnungen umso größer ist, je weiter die betreffende Öffnung von dem nächstliegenden Heizelement entfernt ist; also von zwei Öffnungen, die unterschiedlich weit von dem ihnen jeweils nächstliegenden Heizelement entfernt sind, jeweils die weiter entfernt liegende Öffnung größer ist. Möglich ist es aber auch, dass die Größe der Öffnungen stufenweise zunimmt und benachbarte Öffnungen vorhanden sind, die unterschiedlich weit von dem ihnen jeweils nächstliegenden Heizelement entfernt sind und gleich groß sind. Bevorzugt haben die größten Öffnungen den größten Abstand zu dem jeweils nächstliegenden Heizelement.It is preferred that the upstream side of the heat exchanger having different sized openings, wherein larger openings are arranged between adjacent heat discharge ribs, which have an increased distance from each other. Larger openings are then arranged at a greater distance from the nearest heating element than smaller openings. This does not mean that no small openings can be arranged far away from the heating elements. In addition to larger openings, for example in between, even small openings can be arranged far away from the heating elements. However, it is particularly preferred that the size of the openings increases with increasing distance from the nearest heating element. In this case, it is possible for the size of the openings to be greater the further the respective opening is removed from the nearest heating element; that is to say of two openings which are at different distances from the respective nearest heating element, in each case the more distant opening is larger. But it is also possible that the size of the openings increases gradually and adjacent openings are present, which are different distances far away from the respective nearest heating element and are the same size. Preferably, the largest openings have the greatest distance to the respective nearest heating element.

Besonders bevorzugt ist dabei, dass bei den größten Öffnungen das Verhältnis aus ihrer Länge und ihrer Breite größer als bei den kleinsten Öffnungen der Anströmseite ist. Beispielsweise können die größten Öffnungen elliptisch geformt sein oder als Langlöcher ausgebildet sein. Dies ist insbesondere vorteilhaft, wenn die Öffnungen zwischen Wärmeabgaberippen angeordnet sind, insbesondere mit ihrem Rand an Wärmeabgabegerippen anliegen.It is particularly preferred that at the largest openings, the ratio of its length and its width is greater than in the smallest openings of the inflow side is. For example, the largest openings may be elliptically shaped or formed as elongated holes. This is particularly advantageous if the openings are arranged between heat-emitting ribs, in particular abut with their edge on heat-emitting grating ribs.

Der Wärmeübertrager einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizvorrichtung kann beispielsweise als ein Lochblech ausgebildet sein. Bevorzugt ist der Wärmeübertrager jedoch aus einem Strangpressprofil gebildet. Besonders bevorzugt ist dabei, dass der Wärmeübertrager durch die Öffnungen von einem Fluid quer zur Strangpressrichtung durchströmbar ist. Diese Maßnahme hat den Vorteil, dass der Wärmeübertrager integral mit einem stabförmigen Gehäuse ausgebildet sein kann, in dem das oder die Heizelemente angeordnet sind. Beispielsweise kann der Wärmeübertrager aus einem Strangpressprofil gebildet sein, aus dem auch ein Heizstab gebildet ist, in dem ein oder mehrere Heizelemente angeordnet sind. Möglich ist es aber auch, als Wärmeübertrager ein Strangpressprofil zu verwenden, das in Strangpressrichtung von einem zu erwärmenden Fluid durchströmt wird.The heat exchanger of a heating device according to the invention may be formed, for example, as a perforated plate. However, the heat exchanger is preferably formed from an extruded profile. It is particularly preferred that the heat exchanger can be flowed through by the openings of a fluid transverse to the extrusion direction. This measure has the advantage that the heat exchanger can be formed integrally with a rod-shaped housing in which the heating element or elements are arranged. For example, the heat exchanger may be formed from an extruded profile, from which a heating element is formed, in which one or more heating elements are arranged. However, it is also possible to use an extruded profile as the heat exchanger, which is flowed through in the extrusion direction by a fluid to be heated.

Bevorzugt weiten sich die Öffnungen mit zunehmendem Abstand von dem ihnen nächstliegenden Heizelement jeweils auf. Dies kann beispielsweise dadurch erreicht werden, dass die Öffnungen eine näherungsweise dreieckige, trapezförmige oder halbelliptische Form haben. Eine dreieckige Öffnung, die mit einer Spitze dem nächstliegenden Heizelement zugewandt ist, weitet sich nämlich mit zunehmendem Abstand von dem nächstliegenden Heizelement auf. Gleiches gilt für eine trapezförmige Öffnung, die mit der längeren Basisseite des Trapezes von dem nächstliegenden Heizelement abgewandt ist.Preferably, the openings widen in each case with increasing distance from the nearest heating element. This can be achieved, for example, in that the openings have an approximately triangular, trapezoidal or semi-elliptical shape. A triangular opening, which faces the nearest heating element with a tip, namely widens with increasing distance from the nearest heating element. The same applies to a trapezoidal opening, which faces away from the nearest heating element with the longer base side of the trapezoid.

Die Wärmeabgaberippen können alle dieselbe Höhe haben. Möglich ist auch, dass mindestens eine Wärmabgaberippe vorhanden ist, die in Strömungsrichtung eine größere Höhe hat als eine benachbarte Wärmabgaberippe, die in einem größeren Abstand von dem nächstliegenden Heizelement angeordnet ist. Dabei ist es möglich, dass die Höhe der Wärmeabgaberippen umso kleiner ist, je weiter die betreffende Wärmeabgaberippe von dem nächstliegenden Heizelement entfernt ist; also von zwei Wärmeabgaberippen, die unterschiedlich weit von dem ihnen jeweils nächstliegenden Heizelement entfernt sind, jeweils die weiter entfernt liegende Wärmeabgaberippe eine kleiner Höhe hat. Möglich ist es aber auch, dass die Höhe der Wärmeabgaberippen stufenweise abnimmt, also benachbarte Wärmeabgaberippen vorhanden sind, die unterschiedlich weit von dem ihnen jeweils nächstliegenden Heizelement entfernt sind und gleich hoch sind.The heat release ribs can all have the same height. It is also possible that at least one heat-dispensing fin is present, which has a greater height in the flow direction than an adjacent heat-dispensing fin, which is arranged at a greater distance from the nearest heating element. In this case, it is possible for the height of the heat-releasing ribs to be smaller the farther the relevant heat-dissipating fin is removed from the nearest heating element; that is to say of two heat-releasing ribs which are at different distances from the respective nearest heating element, in each case the heat-removal rib located farther away has a small height. But it is also possible that the height of the heat-emitting fins gradually decreases, so adjacent heat-emitting fins are present, which are different distances far away from the respective nearest heating element and are the same.

Bevorzugt nimmt die Materialstärke des Wärmeübertragers, insbesondere der Basisplatte, mit zunehmendem Abstand von dem nächstliegenden Heizelement bzw. dem nächstliegenden Heizstab ab. Die Materialstärke kann dabei zwischen den Wärmeabgaberippen kontinuierlich oder stufenweise abnehmen. Ausgehend von einem Maximalwert bei einem Heizstab nimmt die Materialstärke bevorzugt um mindestens ein Drittel ab. Besonders vorteilhaft ist eine Abnahme um 40 % bis 60%.The material thickness of the heat exchanger, in particular the base plate, preferably decreases with increasing distance from the nearest heating element or the nearest heating element. The material thickness can decrease continuously or gradually between the heat release ribs. Starting from a maximum value for a heating rod, the material thickness preferably decreases by at least one third. Particularly advantageous is a decrease of 40% to 60%.

Bevorzugt ist der Wärmeübertrager mit mindestens einem Heizstab verbunden, in dem das mindestens eine Heizelement angeordnet ist. Der Wärmeübertrager kann beispielsweise als Strangpressprofil einstückig mit dem Heizstab ausgebildet sein. Auf diese Weise ist der Wärmeübertrager also aus einem Strangpressprofil gebildet, aus dem auch der mindestens eine Heizstab gebildet ist.Preferably, the heat exchanger is connected to at least one heating element, in which the at least one heating element is arranged. The heat exchanger can be formed integrally with the heating element, for example, as an extruded profile. In this way, the heat exchanger is thus formed of an extruded profile, from which also the at least one heating element is formed.

Bevorzugt ist, dass die Wärmeabgaberippen den Heizstab überragen, also von den Öffnungen aus gemessen eine größere Höhe haben. Auf diese Weise kann eine sehr effiziente Wärmeabgabe erreicht werden.It is preferred that the heat-emitting ribs project beyond the heating rod, that is measured from the openings have a greater height. In this way, a very efficient heat dissipation can be achieved.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Heizvorrichtung ist besonders effizient, wenn der Wärmeübertrager auf seiner Wärmeabgaberippen aufweisenden Seite von dem zu erwärmenden Fluidstrom angeströmt wird. Überraschender Weise kann eine Fluidstrom so wesentlich besser erwärmt werden als bei Anströmen einer Wärmeabgaberippen freien Seite des Wärmeübertragers. Obwohl das Anströmen der Wärmeabgaberippen aufweisenden Seite an sich eine laminare Strömung begünstigt und somit an sich ein schlechterer Wärmeübertrag zu erwarten ist, zeigt sich bei Anströmen der Wärmeabgaberippen aufweisenden Seite eine bessere Wärmeabgabe.A heating device according to the invention is particularly efficient if the heat exchanger is flown by the fluid flow to be heated on its side having heat-emitting fins. Surprisingly, a fluid flow can be heated much better than in the case of influxes of a heat release ribs on the free side of the heat exchanger. Although the influx of the heat-emitting ribs having side favors a laminar flow per se and thus a worse heat transfer is to be expected per se, shows at flow on the heat-emitting ribs having side better heat dissipation.

Bevorzugt sind die Öffnungen in dem Wärmeübertrager ausgestanzt. Die Öffnungen können aber auch auf andere Weise erzeugt werden, beispielsweise durch Laserstrahlschneiden.Preferably, the openings are punched out in the heat exchanger. The openings can also be produced in other ways, for example by laser beam cutting.

Ausführungsbeispiele und Vorteile der Erfindung werden unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen erläutert. Gleiche und einander entsprechende Elemente sind dabei mit übereinstimmenden Bezugszahlen versehen. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizvorrichtung in einer Schnittansicht;
Figur 2
eine Seitenansicht zu Figur 1;
Figur 3
ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizvorrichtung in einer Schnittansicht;
Figur 4
eine Seitenansicht zu Figur 3;
Figur 5
ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizvorrichtung in einer Schnittansicht;
Figur 6
eine Seitenansicht zu Figur 5; und
Figur 7
ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizvorrichtung in einer Seitenansicht.
Embodiments and advantages of the invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same and corresponding elements are provided with matching reference numerals. Show it:
FIG. 1
an embodiment of a heating device according to the invention in a sectional view;
FIG. 2
a side view too FIG. 1 ;
FIG. 3
a further embodiment of a heating device according to the invention in a sectional view;
FIG. 4
a side view too FIG. 3 ;
FIG. 5
a further embodiment of a heating device according to the invention in a sectional view;
FIG. 6
a side view too FIG. 5 ; and
FIG. 7
a further embodiment of a heating device according to the invention in a side view.

Die in den Figuren 1 und 2 gezeigte Heizvorrichtung hat einen von einem Strangpressprofil gebildeten Wärmeübertrager 1, der quer zur Strangpressrichtung verlaufende Öffnungen 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e aufweist, die von einem zu erwärmenden Fluid durchströmbar sind. Das Strangpressprofil ist beispielsweise aus Aluminium und weist mehrere, bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel 3, in Strangpressrichtung verlaufende Vierkantrohre 3 sowie parallel zu den Vierkantrohren 3 verlaufende Wärmeabgaberippen 4 auf.The in the Figures 1 and 2 has shown a heat exchanger 1 formed by an extruded profile, the transverse to the extrusion direction extending openings 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, which are traversed by a fluid to be heated. The extruded profile is for example made of aluminum and has a plurality of, in the illustrated embodiment 3, extending in the extrusion direction square tubes 3 and parallel to the square tubes 3 extending heat release ribs 4.

In den Vierkantrohren 3 ist jeweils eine Heizeinrichtung mit mehreren plattenförmigen Heizelementen 5 aus einer PTC-Keramik, beispielsweise auf Basis von Bariumtitanat, angeordnet und zwischen Innenseiten des Heizstabs 3 verpresst. Die PTC-Heizelemente 5 liegen an einer Heizstabinnenseite und an einem Kontaktblech 6 an, das beispielsweise als Kontaktzunge, aus dem Vierkantrohr herausragen kann und diesem gegenüber durch eine Isolierschicht 7, beispielsweise aus Aluminiumoxid, elektrisch 3 isoliert ist. Die Vierkantrohre 3 bilden zusammen mit der in ihnen angeordneten Heizeinrichtung somit Heizstäbe, die im Betrieb Wärme erzeugen, welche an einen durch die Öffnungen 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e des Wärmeübertragers 1 strömenden Fluidstrom abgegeben wird. Die Heizstäbe 3 und der Wärmeübertrager 1 sind dabei integral ausgebildet.In the square tubes 3 is in each case a heating device with a plurality of plate-shaped heating elements 5 made of a PTC ceramic, for example based on barium titanate, arranged and pressed between insides of the heating element 3. The PTC heating elements 5 abut against a heating element inside and on a contact plate 6, which can protrude, for example, as a contact tongue, from the square tube and this is electrically isolated by an insulating layer 7, for example of alumina, 3. The square tubes 3 together with the heating device arranged in them thus heating rods which generate heat during operation, which is discharged to a flowing through the openings 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e of the heat exchanger 1 fluid flow. The heating elements 3 and the heat exchanger 1 are integrally formed.

Wie Figur 2 zeigt, sind die Öffnungen 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e umso größer, haben also eine umso größere Öffnungsfläche, je weiter sie von dem nächstliegenden Heizstab 3 und somit von dem nächstliegenden Heizelement 5 entfernt sind. Auf diese Weise hat der Wärmeübertrager 1 in der Nähe der Heizstäbe 3 eine höhere Masse als weiter von den Heizstäben entfernt und kann so in den Heizstäben 3 erzeugte Wärme gut ableiten. Der abgebildete Wärmeübertrager 1 kombiniert also eine gute Durchströmbarkeit mit einer effizienten Ableitung und Verteilung der in den Heizstäben 3 erzeugten Wärme.As FIG. 2 shows, the openings 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e are the larger, so have a larger opening area, the farther they are from the nearest heater 3 and thus from the nearest heating element 5 are removed. In this way, the heat exchanger 1 in the vicinity of the heating elements 3 has a higher mass than further away from the heating elements and can thus easily dissipate heat generated in the heating elements 3. The illustrated heat exchanger 1 thus combines a good flow through with an efficient dissipation and distribution of the heat generated in the heating elements 3.

Die Öffnungen 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e sind zwischen den Wärmeabgaberippen 4 angeordnet. Der Abstand zwischen benachbarten Wärmeabgaberippen 4 ist zwischen den beiden benachbarten Wärmeabgaberippen 4 am Größten, die den größten Abstand zu dem nächstliegenden Heizelement 5 haben, also bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel zwischen sich die größten Öffnungen 2d, die bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel als Langlöcher ausgebildet sind, einschließen. Die Wärmeabgaberippen 4 begrenzen die Breite der Öffnungen.The openings 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e are arranged between the heat release ribs 4. The distance between adjacent heat release ribs 4 is the largest between the two adjacent heat discharge ribs 4, which have the greatest distance to the nearest heating element 5, so in the illustrated embodiment between them the largest openings 2 d, which are formed as slots in the illustrated embodiment , The heat release ribs 4 limit the width of the openings.

Die Wärmeabgabe ist besonders effizient, wenn der zu erwärmende Fluidstrom die Seite des Wärmeübertragers 1 anströmt, welche die Wärmeabgaberippen 4 aufweist. Zu Verbesserung der Wärmeankopplung können die PTC-Heizelemente 5 dabei, anders als in Figur 1 dargestellt, in dem Heizstab 3 an dessen angeströmter Seite anliegen, also an der Heizstabinnenseite, welche dem Wärmeübertrager 1 näher liegt. Dies bedeutet, dass die Reihenfolge der in Figur 1 gezeigten Komponenten 5, 6 und 7 umgekehrt wird.The heat release is particularly efficient when the fluid flow to be heated flows against the side of the heat exchanger 1, which has the heat release ribs 4. To improve the heat coupling, the PTC heating elements 5 can be different than in FIG. 1 represented, in the heating element 3 abut against the flowed side, ie on the Heizstabinnenseite, which is closer to the heat exchanger 1. This means that the order of in FIG. 1 shown components 5, 6 and 7 is reversed.

In den Figuren 3 und 4 ist ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt, das sich von dem vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel im Wesentlichen nur dadurch unterscheidet, dass die größten Öffnungen 2d elliptisch geformt sind. Diese Öffnungen 2d stellen beispielhaft den Sonderfall dar, dass mittig zwischen zwei Heizelementen sich zwei weitende Teilöffnungen, hier Halbellipsen, befinden, die mit einander verbunden sind. Auch bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel nimmt der Abstand zwischen benachbarten Wärmeabgaberippen 4 mit zunehmender Entfernung von dem nächstgelegenen Heizstab 3 zu.In the FIGS. 3 and 4 is shown a further embodiment, which differs from the embodiment described above substantially only in that the largest openings 2 d are formed elliptical. These openings 2d represent, by way of example, the special case that centrally located between two heating elements are two widening part openings, here semi-ellipses, which are connected to each other. Also in this embodiment, the distance between adjacent heat-emitting fins 4 increases with increasing distance from the nearest heating rod 3.

In Figuren 5 ist ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt, bei dem Wärmeabgaberippen 4, die in Strömungsrichtung eine größere Höhe haben, in einem kleineren Abstand von dem nächstliegenden Heizelement angeordnet sind, als Wärmeabgaberippen 4, die in Strömungsrichtung eine kleinere Höhe haben. Bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind nur zwei unterschiedliche Höhen vorgesehen. Möglich ist es aber, dass die in Strömungsrichtung gemessene Höhe der Wärmeabgaberippen 4 mit zunehmendem Abstand von dem ihnen nächstliegenden Heizelement, also dem ihnen nächstliegenden Heizstab 3, jeweils abnimmt.In Figures 5 another embodiment is shown in which heat-emitting fins 4, which have a greater height in the flow direction, are arranged at a smaller distance from the nearest heating element, as heat-emitting fins 4, which have a smaller height in the flow direction. In the illustrated embodiment, only two different heights are provided. However, it is possible for the height of the heat-emitting fins 4 measured in the direction of flow to decrease with increasing distance from the heating element closest to it, that is to say the heating rod 3 closest to it.

Figur 6 zeigt das in Figur 5 dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel in einer Seitenansicht. Darin ist zu erkennen, dass bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel alle Öffnungen 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e kreisförmig sind. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel erstrecken sich die Öffnungen 2a-2e jeweils von dem Heizstab 3 bzw. einer Wärmeabgaberippe 4 bis zur nächsten Wärmeabgaberippe 4. FIG. 6 shows that in FIG. 5 illustrated embodiment in a side view. It can be seen that in this embodiment, all the openings 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e are circular. In this embodiment, the openings 2a-2e each extend from the heating rod 3 and a heat release rib 4 to the next heat release rib 4th

Figur 7 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem sich die Öffnungen 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d mit zunehmendem Abstand von dem ihnen nächstliegenden Heizelement, also dem jeweils nächstliegenden Heizstab 3, jeweils aufweiten, also an dem von dem nächstliegenden Heizstab abgewandten Ende eine größere Länge (in Strangpressrichtung) als dem Ende, das dem nächstliegenden Heizstab zugewandt ist, haben. Bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel wird dies dadurch erreicht, dass die Öffnungen 2a, 2b, 2c näherungsweise trapezförmig ausgebildet sind. Die jeweils mitten zwischen zwei Heizstäben 3 liegenden Öffnungen 2d haben näherungsweise die Form von zwei an ihren Basisseiten verbundenen Trapezen. FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment in which the openings 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d with increasing distance from the nearest heating element, ie the respective nearest heating element 3, each expand, so at the end facing away from the nearest heater end a greater length (in Extrusion direction) than the end facing the nearest heater rod. In the illustrated embodiment, this is achieved in that the openings 2a, 2b, 2c are formed approximately trapezoidal. Each lying in the middle between two heating elements 3 openings 2d have approximately the shape of two connected to their base sides trapezoids.

Darüber hinaus nimmt die Größe der Öffnungen 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d bei dem in Figur 7 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel mit zunehmendem Abstand von dem ihnen nächstliegenden Heizelement zu. Dabei nimmt jeweils auch das Verhältnis zwischen Länge (in Strangpressrichtung) und Breite der Öffnungen 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d zu.In addition, the size of the openings 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d increases in the FIG. 7 shown embodiment with increasing distance from the nearest heating element to them. In each case, the ratio between length (in the extrusion direction) and width of the openings 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d increases.

Die Dicke der Wärmeabgaberippen 4 liegt bei den dargestellten Beispielen bei 0,8 bis 1,3 mm.The thickness of the heat release ribs 4 in the illustrated examples is 0.8 to 1.3 mm.

Bezugszahlenreference numerals

11
WärmeübertragerHeat exchanger
2a-e2a-e
Öffnungenopenings
33
Heizstabheater
44
WärmeabgaberippeHeat dissipation rib
55
Heizelementheating element
66
Kontaktblechcontact sheet
77
Isolierschichtinsulating

Claims (13)

  1. A heating device comprising
    at least one electric heating element (5) and
    at least one heat exchanger (1) having an inflow side which is subject to an incident flow of fluid to be heated and in which openings (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e) through which the fluid to be heated can flow are formed,
    wherein the openings (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e) account for a greater area proportion of the inflow side, the further they are distanced from the closest heating element (5), and
    the heat exchanger (1) has heat dissipation ribs (4),
    characterised in that, with increasing distance from the closest heating element (5), adjacent heat dissipation ribs (4) are arranged at a greater distance from one another than adjacent heat dissipation ribs (4) at a shorter distance from the closest heating element.
  2. The heating device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the inflow side has differently sized openings (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e), wherein larger openings (2c, 2d) are arranged at a greater distance from the closest heating element (5) than smaller openings (2a, 2b).
  3. The heating device according to Claim 2, characterised in that the size of the openings (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e) increases with increasing distance from the closest heating element (5).
  4. The heating device according to Claim 2 or 3, characterised in that, with the largest opening (2d), the ratio of the length thereof and width thereof is greater than with the smallest openings (2a) in the inflow side.
  5. The heating device according to one of Claims 2 to 4, characterised in that at least some openings (2d), preferably at least the largest openings (2d), are slots.
  6. The heating device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the heat exchanger (1) is formed from an extruded profile.
  7. The heating device according to Claim 6, characterised in that a fluid can flow through the heat exchanger (1) through the openings (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e), transversely to the direction of extrusion.
  8. The heating device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the heat dissipation ribs (4) are contacted by the openings (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e).
  9. The heating device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that each opening (2a-2e) extends from one heat dissipation rib (4) to the next heat dissipation rib (4).
  10. The heating device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the heat exchanger (1) is connected to at least one heating rod (3), in which the at least one heating element (5) is arranged.
  11. The heating device according to Claim 10, characterised in that the heating element (5) is a PTC heating element, which is pressed between a heating rod inner face close to the heat exchanger and a heating rod inner face far from the heat exchanger, wherein the heating element (5) electrically contacts the heating rod (3) on the heating rod inner face far from the heat exchanger.
  12. The heating device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the material thickness of the heat exchanger (1) decreases with increasing distance from the closest heating element (5).
  13. Use of a heating device according to one of the preceding claims for heating a fluid flow, characterised in that the fluid flow flows onto the heat exchanger (1) on a side having heat dissipation ribs (4).
EP20090015168 2008-12-19 2009-12-08 Electric heating device Active EP2199704B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008064569 2008-12-19
DE102009013927A DE102009013927A1 (en) 2008-12-19 2009-03-20 Electric heater

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EP2199704A2 EP2199704A2 (en) 2010-06-23
EP2199704A3 EP2199704A3 (en) 2013-11-13
EP2199704B1 true EP2199704B1 (en) 2014-08-27

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EP20090015168 Active EP2199704B1 (en) 2008-12-19 2009-12-08 Electric heating device

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012103562A1 (en) 2012-04-23 2013-10-24 Borgwarner Beru Systems Gmbh Electrical heating device for heating airflow in motor vehicle, has frame that holds together pipe and heat exchanger, and has base portion and cover portion having openings for air flow
DE102012112837B4 (en) 2012-12-21 2015-05-13 Borgwarner Ludwigsburg Gmbh Vehicle heating and method for producing a vehicle heater
CN103997802B (en) 2013-02-04 2018-03-02 博格华纳贝鲁***股份有限公司 heating rod
DE102013111811A1 (en) 2013-10-25 2015-04-30 Borgwarner Ludwigsburg Gmbh heater
DE102016101293A1 (en) 2016-01-26 2017-07-27 Borgwarner Ludwigsburg Gmbh Method for producing a contact plate for a heating rod and contact plate and heating element
EP3379153A1 (en) * 2017-03-22 2018-09-26 Zehnder Group International AG Radiating plate and radiating heater

Family Cites Families (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2323108A1 (en) * 1975-09-03 1977-04-01 Sepro Heating element for convector heater - has heat-exchange fins divided into sections along resistance wire
ITMI20021226A1 (en) 2002-06-05 2003-12-05 Cebi Spa ELECTRIC HEATER WITH PTC ELEMENTS PARTICULARLY FOR VEHICLE CABIN AERATION SYSTEMS
EP1963753B1 (en) 2005-12-20 2016-06-08 BorgWarner Ludwigsburg GmbH Electrical heating apparatus, in particular for automobiles

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DE102009013927A1 (en) 2010-06-24
EP2199704A3 (en) 2013-11-13
EP2199704A2 (en) 2010-06-23

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