EP2185744B1 - Zylinderlaufbuchse und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung - Google Patents

Zylinderlaufbuchse und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2185744B1
EP2185744B1 EP08801215A EP08801215A EP2185744B1 EP 2185744 B1 EP2185744 B1 EP 2185744B1 EP 08801215 A EP08801215 A EP 08801215A EP 08801215 A EP08801215 A EP 08801215A EP 2185744 B1 EP2185744 B1 EP 2185744B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
steel material
mass
cylinder liner
ferritic
primary product
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EP08801215A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2185744A2 (de
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Stefan Spangenberg
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Mahle International GmbH
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Mahle International GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/20—Carburising
    • C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
    • C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
    • C23C8/32—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C23C8/42—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
    • C23C8/44—Carburising
    • C23C8/46—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C23C8/52—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions more than one element being applied in one step
    • C23C8/54—Carbo-nitriding
    • C23C8/56—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/60—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C8/62—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes only one element being applied
    • C23C8/64—Carburising
    • C23C8/66—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/60—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C8/72—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes more than one element being applied in one step
    • C23C8/74—Carbo-nitriding
    • C23C8/76—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/80—After-treatment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a cylinder liner and such a cylinder liner.
  • Cylinder liners for internal combustion engines are usually produced today from the material cast iron with lamellar graphite.
  • the lamellar graphite cast iron used for this purpose consists of the structural constituents perlite and graphite and is often alloyed with 0.1 to 1.2% phosphorus in order to increase the wear resistance of this material.
  • the wear on a cylinder liner is caused in the engine operation on the one hand by the piston rings and the other by the piston skirt, both of which interact with the inner circumferential surface (or running surface) of the cylinder liner.
  • the alloying of phosphorus produces a phase in the material that consists of iron, carbon and phosphorus and is referred to as "steady".
  • This phase is distributed in the material structure reticulated around the eutectic cells of the cast iron around and is characterized by a high hardness.
  • the perlite contained in the cast iron also contributes to a high resistance to wear and seizure, since perlite contains carbides in a lamellar structure.
  • cylinder liners made of the material cast iron with lamellar graphite are only partially suitable.
  • ignition pressure requires a switch to high-strength materials.
  • These high-strength materials include steels.
  • steels with a carbon content of more than 0.8% by mass are required for this purpose.
  • Such steels are extremely difficult to form due to their high hardness and strength, can only be welded with additional treatment and can only be machined with high tool wear. The use of such steels is therefore excluded because it is associated with an unreasonable amount of effort.
  • GB 2146409 A discloses a method of making a cylinder liner wherein a cylindrical precursor is made of a steel material having a carbon content of 0.05 to 0.30% by weight and a wear resistant layer is formed on the precursor by carbonitriding between 500 ° C and 650 ° C.
  • the cylinder liner can be used immediately.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method for the production of cylinder liners and cylinder liners produced in this way, which meet the requirements of modern engines and are characterized in particular by a high wear and seizure resistance.
  • the solution consists in a method having the features of patent claim 1 and in cylinder liners produced by means of this method.
  • a cylindrical precursor of a steel material having a carbon content of at most 0.6% by mass and a ferritic or ferritic / pearlitic structure is produced, then the surface layer of the inner surface of the cylindrical precursor with carbon in the form of itself
  • the carbides depositing the grain boundaries is enriched by carburizing, then the cylindrical precursor is cooled slowly, such that in the boundary layer a pearlitic structure with a network of carbides is formed and finally the cylindrical precursor is finished to a cylinder liner.
  • the cylinder liners according to the invention are characterized in particular by a steel material having a carbon content of at most 0.6% by mass and a ferritic or ferritic / pearlitic structure, wherein at least the inner circumferential surface of the cylinder liner has a pearlitic structure with a network of carbides.
  • cylinder liners made of steels having a carbon content of at most 0.6% by mass can be produced simply, effectively and inexpensively. Nevertheless, cylinder liners according to the invention have along its inner surface, ie in the region of its tread, a pearlitic structure with a network of carbides on. This microstructure gives the inner surface an excellent resistance to wear and scuffing. It is thus possible to produce a cylinder liner made of a steel material with little effort and machined with little tool wear, which nevertheless has a microstructure in the region of their treads, which is similar to that of cast iron with lamellar graphite and hitherto exclusively with extremely hard and solid, ie could not be achieved economically steels. In addition, when carburizing the fatigue strength of the material structure is improved overall, which has a positive effect on the life of the cylinder liner according to the invention.
  • a steel material having a carbon content of 0.1 mass% to 0.6 mass% is used. Due to its relatively low carbon content, such a steel material can be particularly easily formed or machined. A steel material having a carbon content of at most 0.25% by mass has proven particularly expedient.
  • additives for example manganese and / or sulfur and / or lead, are known per se to the person skilled in the art.
  • a sheet metal produced from the steel material can be bent and welded at the seam to a tube, for example by means of laser welding, electron beam welding, inductive welding or fusion welding.
  • At least one flange and / or at least one Outer contour are preformed. This reduces the cost of the downstream, in particular machining of the cylindrical precursor to the finished cylinder liner.
  • the carburizing takes place in principle by means of the method known to a person skilled in the art using a solid, liquid or gaseous carbonaceous material.
  • the carbonization agent may optionally contain nitrogen, resulting in a comparable process to carbonitriding.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically and not to scale an embodiment of a cylinder liner 10 according to the invention of a steel material with a carbon content of at most 0.6% by mass, which was prepared by the method according to the invention.
  • the method according to the invention has produced an edge layer 11 with a pearlitic structure containing a network of carbides.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Description

  • Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zylinderlaufbuchse sowie eine derartige Zylinderlaufbuchse.
  • Zylinderlaufbuchsen für Verbrennungsmotoren werden heute in der Regel aus dem Werkstoff Gusseisen mit Lamellengraphit hergestellt. Das für diesen Zweck verwendete Gusseisen mit Lamellengraphit besteht aus den Gefügebestandteilen Perlit und Graphit und ist häufig mit 0,1 bis 1,2 % Phosphor legiert, um die Verschleißbeständigkeit dieses Werkstoffs zu steigern. Der Verschleiß an einer Zylinderlaufbuchse wird im Motorbetrieb zum einen durch die Kolbenringe und zum anderen durch den Kolbenschaft hervorgerufen, die beide mit der inneren Mantelfläche (oder Lauffläche) der Zylinderlaufbuchse zusammenwirken. Durch die Zulegierung von Phosphor entsteht im Werkstoff eine Phase, die aus Eisen, Kohlenstoff und Phosphor besteht und als Steadit bezeichnet wird. Diese Phase ist im Werkstoffgefüge netzförmig um die eutektischen Zellen des Gusseisens herum verteilt und zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Härte aus. Als Alternative können dem Gusseisen Elemente zulegiert werden, welche die Karbidbildung in starkem Maße begünstigen, bspw. Niob oder Bor. Daraus resultieren Carbide, die eine dem Steadit vergleichbare Netzstruktur bilden. Im Übrigen trägt der im Gusseisen enthaltene Perlit mit zu einem hohen Verschleiß- und Fresswiderstand bei, da in Perlit Carbide in einer Lamellenstruktur enthalten sind.
  • Für moderne Motoren, insbesondere moderne Dieselmotoren, sind Zylinderlaufbuchsen aus dem Werkstoff Gusseisen mit Lamellengraphit nur bedingt geeignet. Insbesondere der in modernen Dieselmotoren geforderte Zünddruck erfordert eine Umstellung auf hochfeste Werkstoffe. Zu diesen hochfesten Werkstoffen zählen auch Stähle. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es wünschenswert, die aus den Gusseisen-Werkstoffen bekannten Gefüge aus Perlit mit Carbiden in einer Netzstruktur in den für die Zylinderlaufbuchsen verwendeten Stählen zu realisieren, um einen guten Verschleiß- und Fresswiderstand zu erzielen. Dies ist jedoch nicht möglich, da hierfür Stähle mit einem Kohlenstoffgehalt von mehr als 0,8 Masse-% benötigt werden. Derartige Stähle sind aufgrund ihrer hohen Härte und Festigkeit äußerst schwer umformbar, können nur mit zusätzlicher Behandlung geschweißt und nur unter hohem Werkzeugverschleiß spanend bearbeitet werden. Die Verwendung derartiger Stähle ist also ausgeschlossen, weil damit ein unvertretbar hohen Aufwand verbunden ist.
  • GB 2146409 A offenbart ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zylinderlaufbuchse wobei ein zylinderförmiges Vorprodukt aus einem Stahlwerkstoff mit einem Kohlenstoffgehalt von 0.05 bis 0.30 Gewichts% hergestellt wird und eine verschleissfeste Schicht auf das Vorprodukt mittels Karbonitrieren zwischen 500°C and 650 °C hergestellt wird. Die Zylinderlaufbuchse kann unmittelbar verwendet werden.
  • Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Zylinderlaufbuchsen sowie derart hergestellte Zylinderlaufbuchsen bereitzustellen, die den Anforderungen moderner Motoren gerecht werden und sich insbesondere durch einen hohen Verschleiß- und Fresswiderstand auszeichnen.
  • Die Lösung besteht in einem Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie in mittels dieses Verfahrens hergestellten Zylinderlaufbuchsen. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass zunächst ein zylinderförmiges Vorprodukt aus einem Stahlwerkstoff mit einem Kohlenstoffgehalt von höchstens 0,6 Masse-% und einem ferritischen oder ferritisch/perlitischen Gefüge hergestellt wird, dann die Randschicht der inneren Mantelfläche des zylinderförmigen Vorprodukts mit Kohlenstoff in Form von sich an den Korngrenzen ablagernden Carbiden mittels Aufkohlen angereichert wird, anschließend das zylinderförmige Vorprodukts langsam abgekühlt wird, derart, dass in der Randschicht ein perlitisches Gefüge mit einem Netzwerk aus Carbiden gebildet wird und schließlich das zylinderförmige Vorprodukt zu einer Zylinderlaufbuchse fertigbearbeitet wird.
  • Die erfindungsgemäßen Zylinderlaufbuchsen zeichnen sich insbesondere durch einen Stahlwerkstoff mit einem Kohlenstoffgehalt von höchstens 0,6 Masse-% und einem ferritischen oder ferritisch/perlitischen Gefüge aus, wobei mindestens die innere Mantelfläche der Zylinderlaufbuchse ein perlitisches Gefüge mit einem Netzwerk aus Carbiden aufweist.
  • Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren können Zylinderlaufbuchsen aus Stählen mit einem Kohlenstoffgehalt von höchstens 0,6 Masse-% einfach, effektiv und kostengünstig hergestellt werden. Dennoch weisen die erfindungsgemäßen Zylinderlauf-buchsen entlang ihrer inneren Mantelfläche, d.h. im Bereich ihrer Lauffläche, ein perlitisches Gefüge mit einem Netzwerk aus Carbiden auf. Diese Gefügestruktur verleiht der inneren Mantelfläche einen ausgezeichneten Verschleiß- und Fresswiderstand. Es ist also möglich, mit geringem Aufwand eine Zylinderlaufbuchse aus einem Stahlwerkstoff herzustellen und mit geringem Werkzeugverschleiß spanend zu bearbeiten, die im Bereich ihrer Laufflächen dennoch eine Gefügestruktur aufweist, die der von Gusseisen mit Lamellengraphit ähnlich ist und bisher ausschließlich mit extrem harten und festen, d.h. nicht wirtschaftlich zu bearbeitenden Stählen erzielt werden konnte. Darüber hinaus wird beim Aufkohlen die Dauerfestigkeit des Werkstoffgefüges insgesamt verbessert, was sich positiv auf die Lebensdauer der erfindungsgemäßen Zylinderlaufbuchse auswirkt.
  • Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.
  • Vorzugsweise wird ein Stahlwerkstoff mit einem Kohlenstoffgehalt von 0,1 Masse-% bis 0,6 Masse-% verwendet. Ein derartiger Stahlwerkstoff lässt sich aufgrund seines relativ niedrigen Kohlenstoffgehalts besonders einfach umformen bzw. spanend bearbeiten. Als besonders zweckmäßig hat sich ein Stahlwerkstoff mit einem Kohlenstoffgehalt von höchstens 0,25 Masse-% erwiesen.
  • Da bei der Zerspanung eines derartigen Stahlwerkstoffs mit einem Kohlenstoffgehalt von höchstens 0,6 Masse-% das Risiko besteht, dass Fließspäne entstehen können, kann es ggf. ratsam sein, dem Stahlwerkstoff Zusätze beizufügen, welche die Spanbrechung begünstigen. Derartige Zusätze, bspw. Mangan und/oder Schwefel und/oder Blei, sind dem Fachmann an sich bekannt.
  • Zur besonders einfachen Herstellung des zylinderförmigen Vorprodukts kann ein aus dem Stahlwerkstoff hergestelltes Blech gebogen und an der Nahtstelle zu einem Rohr verschweißt werden, bspw. mittels Laserschweißen, Elektronenstrahlschwei-βen, Induktivschweißen oder Schmelzschweißen.
  • Während des Herstellens des zylinderförmigen Vorprodukts, insbesondere während des Umformvorgangs, kann bspw. mindestens ein Flansch und/oder mindestens eine Außenkontur vorgeformt werden. Damit verringert sich der Aufwand der nachgelagerten, insbesondere spanenden Bearbeitung des zylinderförmigen Vorprodukts zur fertigen Zylinderlaufbuchse.
  • Das Aufkohlen erfolgt grundsätzlich mittels dem Fachmann bekannter Verfahren unter Verwendung eines festen, flüssigen oder gasförmigen Kohlungsmittels. Das Kohlungsmittel kann ggf. Stickstoff enthalten, so dass ein dem Carbonitrieren vergleichbarer Prozess resultiert.
  • Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Die einzige Figur zeigt schematisch und nicht maßstabsgetreu ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Zylinderlaufbuchse 10 aus einem Stahlwerkstoff mit einem Kohlenstoffgehalt von höchstens 0,6 Masse-%, die mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens hergestellt wurde. Entlang der inneren Mantelfläche, d.h. entlang der Lauffläche, wurde mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eine Randschicht 11 mit einem ein Netzwerk aus Carbiden enthaltenden perlitischen Gefüge erzeugt.

Claims (12)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zylinderlaufbuchse, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Verfahrensschritte:
    - Herstellen eines zylinderförmigen Vorprodukts aus einem Stahlwerkstoff mit einem Kohlenstoffgehalt von höchstens 0,6 Masse-% und einem ferritischen oder ferritisch/perlitischen Gefüge;
    - Anreichern der Randschicht, mindestens der inneren Mantelfläche des zylinderförmigen Vorprodukts mit Kohlenstoff in Form von sich an den Korngrenzen ablagernden Carbiden mittels Aufkohlen;
    - langsames Abkühlen des zylinderförmigen Vorprodukts derart, dass in der Randschicht ein perlitisches Gefüge mit einem Netzwerk aus Carbiden gebildet wird;
    - Fertigbearbeiten des zylinderförmigen Vorprodukts zu einer Zylinderlaufbuchse.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Stahlwerkstoff mit einem Kohlenstoffgehalt von 0,1 Masse-% bis 0,6 Masse-% verwendet wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Stahlwerkstoff mit einem Kohlenstoffgehalt von höchstens 0,25 Masse-% verwendet wird.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Stahlwerkstoff verwendet wird, der Zusätze enthält, welche die Spanbrechung begünstigen.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Stahlwerkstoff verwendet wird, der als Zusätze Mangan und/oder Schwefel und/oder Blei enthält.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Herstellung des zylinderförmigen Vorprodukts ein aus dem Stahlwerkstoff hergestelltes Blech gebogen und an der Nahtstelle zu einem Rohr verschweißt wird.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nahtstelle mittels Laserschweißen, Elektronenstrahlschweißen, Induktivschweißen oder Schmelzschweißen verschweißt wird.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während des Herstellens des zylinderförmigen Vorprodukts mindestens ein Flansch und/oder mindestens eine Außenkontur vorgeformt wird.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Aufkohlen mittels eines festen, flüssigen oder gasförmigen Kohlungsmittels erfolgt.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kohlungsmittel Stickstoff enthält.
  11. Zylinderlaufbuchse, herstellbar mittels eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10.
  12. Zylinderlaufbuchse aus einem Stahlwerkstoff, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stahlwerkstoff einen Kohlenstoffgehalt von höchstens 0,6 Masse-% und ein ferritisches oder ferritisch/perlitisches Gefüge aufweist, und dass die innere Mantelfläche der Zylinderlaufbuchse ein perlitisches Gefüge mit einem Netzwerk aus Carbiden aufweist.
EP08801215A 2007-08-31 2008-08-23 Zylinderlaufbuchse und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung Not-in-force EP2185744B1 (de)

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DE102007041519A DE102007041519A1 (de) 2007-08-31 2007-08-31 Zylinderlaufbuchse und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
PCT/DE2008/001392 WO2009026897A2 (de) 2007-08-31 2008-08-23 Zylinderlaufbuchse und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung

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GB2494217B (en) * 2012-01-19 2014-10-08 Libertine Fpe Ltd A linear electrical machine with a piston and axially segmented cylinder
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US2696434A (en) * 1947-10-02 1954-12-07 Thompson Prod Inc Process of producing cylinder sleeves
US4202710A (en) 1978-12-01 1980-05-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Carburization of ferrous alloys
SU812835A1 (ru) 1979-03-06 1981-03-15 Московский Ордена Трудового Красногознамени Институт Стали И Сплавов Способ обработки деталей
GB8323844D0 (en) 1983-09-06 1983-10-05 Ae Plc Cylinder liners
FI101816B (fi) * 1991-07-27 1998-08-31 Man B & W Diesel Ag Polttomoottorikoneen sylinterin hylsy
JPH0559427A (ja) 1991-08-27 1993-03-09 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 耐摩耗鋼の製造方法
JPH1068049A (ja) * 1995-07-19 1998-03-10 Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd 耐摩耗性鋼、内燃機関のシリンダ摺動部材及び輪バネ
EP0872567A1 (de) * 1997-04-16 1998-10-21 Wärtsilä NSD Schweiz AG Gusseisen und daraus hergestellte Zylinderlaufbuchse
FR2765890B1 (fr) * 1997-07-10 1999-08-20 Ascometal Sa Procede de fabrication d'une piece mecanique en acier cementee ou carbonitruree et acier pour la fabrication de cette piece
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US8394207B2 (en) 2013-03-12
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BRPI0816171A2 (pt) 2015-02-24
ATE555227T1 (de) 2012-05-15
US20100263765A1 (en) 2010-10-21
DE102007041519A1 (de) 2009-03-05
JP2010539322A (ja) 2010-12-16

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