EP2180193A2 - Flow work machine with edge energising near the suction side - Google Patents
Flow work machine with edge energising near the suction side Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2180193A2 EP2180193A2 EP09010688A EP09010688A EP2180193A2 EP 2180193 A2 EP2180193 A2 EP 2180193A2 EP 09010688 A EP09010688 A EP 09010688A EP 09010688 A EP09010688 A EP 09010688A EP 2180193 A2 EP2180193 A2 EP 2180193A2
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- outlet
- flow path
- main flow
- blade
- boundary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- FNYLWPVRPXGIIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triamterene Chemical compound NC1=NC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 FNYLWPVRPXGIIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002023 somite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
- F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
- F04D29/68—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers
- F04D29/681—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
- F04D29/68—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers
- F04D29/681—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/684—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps by fluid injection
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fluid flow machine with suction side near Randenergetistechnik according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the aerodynamic load capacity and efficiency of fluid flow machines is limited by the growth and detachment of boundary layers on the blades, and particularly on the hub and casing walls.
- the prior art provides only limited solutions in the event of high aerodynamic loading and strong boundary layer growth on the annular channel sidewalls (hub or housing).
- the flow in blade rows of aerodynamically highly loaded turbomachines has a very high flow deflection to be achieved.
- the required flow deflection can become so high either in parts of the blade height or along the entire blade height that a conventional arrangement leads to premature detachment of the boundary layer flow in the edge region at the hub and / or housing walls.
- Blade rows with a design according to the prior art see Fig.1 , due to the strong aerodynamic loading of the sidewall boundary layers, ie the boundary layers formed at the main flow path boundary, have too low a working range and too high losses to provide the operating characteristics required in modern fluid flow machines.
- Previously proposed solutions for fluid supply at the flow path edge were primarily used to influence the Spaltleckageströmung on rotor tips.
- the present invention relates to blades of fluid flow machines such as fans, compressors, pumps, and fans of axial, semi-axial and radial type with gaseous or liquid working fluid.
- the turbomachine may include one or more stages, each having a rotor and a stator, in some cases the stage is merely formed by a rotor.
- the rotor consists of a number of blades, which are connected to the rotating shaft of the machine and deliver energy to the working fluid.
- the rotor can be designed with or without shroud on the outer blade end.
- the stator consists of a number of stationary blades, which can be designed on the hub side as the housing side with a fixed or free blade end.
- the rotor drum and the blading are usually surrounded by a housing, in other cases, z. As in propellers or propellers, no housing exists.
- the machine may also have a stator in front of the first rotor, a so-called leading wheel. At least one stator or Vorleitrad may - unlike the immovable fixation - be rotatably mounted to change the angle of attack. An adjustment is made for example by a spindle accessible from outside the annular channel.
- said multi-stage turbomachine may have two counterrotating shafts so that the rotor blade rows change direction of rotation from stage to stage. There are no stators between successive rotors.
- the fluid flow machine can alternatively have a bypass configuration such that the single-flow annular channel divides behind a certain row of blades into two concentric annular channels, which in turn accommodate at least one additional row of blades.
- Fig. 2 shows by way of example four possible configurations of the fluid flow machine.
- the present invention has for its object to provide a fluid flow machine of the type mentioned, which has an effective boundary layer influence in the blade tip area while avoiding the disadvantages of the prior art.
- the present invention thus comprises a turbomachine having a main flow path in which at least one row of blades is arranged, at least one blade end of a blade row having a fixed connection to the main flow path boundary and at least one fluid-supplied edge chamber being provided in the region of this blade end outside the main flow path boundary wherein at least one outlet is provided in the region of said fixed blade end in the vicinity of at least one blade suction side through which fluid from the at least one edge chamber passes substantially in the direction of the main flow onto the surface of the main flow path boundary.
- a blade for use in a fluid flow machine, a blade is provided which has a specially shaped tangential jet generation outlet in the vicinity of the blade suction side in at least one of its ends at the main flow path boundary, such that fluid from a chamber outside the main flow path boundary flows in a streamlined manner onto the surface the main flow path boundary can escape.
- a conventional blade row according to the prior art, as in Fig. 1 has no outlets provided at the main flow path boundary near the suction side for generating a tangential jet.
- the right side of the Fig. 1 shows a simplified rotor or Statorschaufelsch 5 in the meridian section with flow from left to right (thick arrow).
- the flow runs around the individual profile sections of the blades 5 (see view XX) following the course of the blade passage from the leading edge (VK) to the trailing edge (HK), adverse effects occur near the flow path boundary at hub 3 or housing 1 Secondary flows on the local remindström whiche with partially detached flow result (see dashed arrows in the left and right part of the picture).
- FIG. 3a shows the example of a blade row according to the invention, here a stator with a fixed blade end on the housing 1, where the occurring mechanical loads are further transferred to the structural structure of the fluid flow machine and which is hereinafter referred to as "load-transmitting fixed blade end".
- load-transmitting fixed blade end At the hub there is a free blade end with running gap.
- the blade 5 is shown in the meridian section with flow from left to right, see left part of the picture and in the view X-X (housing view) in the right part of the picture.
- the stator has at its load-carrying fixed blade end at least one fluid-supplied, located outside the main flow path primary edge chamber, which is outlined in simplified form and emerges from the at least one outlet fluid to the surface of the Hauptströmungspfadberandung.
- the Fig. 3b shows the example of a blade according to the invention 5, here a stator with load-transmitting fixed blade end on the housing 1, and fixed blade end to the hub 3. Between the shroud 10 on the hub 3 and the rotor shaft is a rotating relative motion, wherein sealing tips 11 in a the Shroud 10 surrounding cavity 12 provide a seal. Such a fixed blade end is referred to below as "load-free fixed blade end”.
- the bucket is in the meridian section with flow from left to right, see left part of the picture and in the view Y-Y (hub view) in the right part of the picture.
- the stator has at its load-carrying fixed blade end at least one fluid-supplied primary edge chamber 13 outside of the main flow path 2 from which fluid exits through an outlet 6 fluid to the surface of the Hauptströmungspfadberandung.
- the stator also has at least one flow path in the interior of at least one blade 5 connecting the at least one primary edge chamber 13 at the load transmitting fixed blade end to at least one secondary edge chamber 14 defined by its location outside the main flowpath at the other fixed blade end of the stator, at least a secondary edge chamber 14 also exits fluid through at least one outlet 6 onto the surface of the main flow path boundary.
- FIG Fig. 3b An inventively favorable case is when, as shown in FIG Fig. 3b , the fixed blade end with secondary edge chamber 14 is a load-free solid Blade end is and the at least one secondary edge chamber 14 is provided within the shroud 10.
- At least one outlet 15 is provided to at least one of the two blade surfaces (convex suction side SS, concave pressure side DS) through which additional fluid can escape.
- at least three slot-like outlets 15 arranged side by side and in a row substantially in the main flow-transverse direction are provided on the suction side.
- the Fig. 3c shows the example of a blade row according to the invention, here a rotor with load-transmitting fixed blade end to the hub.
- a free blade end On the housing 1 is a free blade end with running gap.
- the blade 5 is shown in the meridian section with flow from left to right, see left part of the image and in the view Y-Y (hub view) in the right part of the picture.
- the rotor has at its load-carrying fixed blade end at least one supplied with fluid, located outside of the main flow path primary edge chamber 13, which is outlined in simplified form and exits through at least one outlet fluid 6 on the surface of the Hauptströmungspfadberandung.
- the Fig. 3d shows the example of a blade 5 according to the invention, here a rotor with load-transmitting fixed blade end to the hub 3 and load-free fixed blade end (with shroud 10) on the housing 1. Between shroud 10 and housing 1 is a rotating relative motion, with sealing tips 11 in a the Shroud 10 surrounding cavity 12 provide a seal.
- the blade 5 is shown in the meridian section with flow from left to right, see left part of the picture and in the view XX (housing view) in the right part of the picture.
- the rotor has at its load-carrying fixed blade end at least one fluid-supplied primary edge chamber 13 outside of the main flow path, from which exits fluid through an outlet 6 to the surface of the main flow path boundary.
- the rotor also has at least one flow path in the interior of at least one blade 5 connecting the at least one primary edge chamber 13 at the load transmitting fixed blade end to at least one secondary edge chamber 14 defined by its location outside the main flowpath at the other fixed blade end of the rotor, at least one of the at least a secondary edge chamber 14 also exits fluid through at least one outlet 6 onto the surface of the main flow path boundary.
- FIG Fig. 3d An inventively favorable case is when, as shown in FIG Fig. 3d in that the fixed blade end with secondary edge chamber 14 is a load-free fixed blade end and that at least one secondary edge chamber 14 is provided inside the cover strip 10.
- the opening of at least one outlet 6 at the main flow path boundary of the relevant blade row is provided according to the invention in the vicinity of the suction side.
- the blade 5 has in the illustration shown in Fig. 3a, 3b . 3c and 3d only one outlet 6 per bucket passage. Notwithstanding this representation, according to the invention, in each case a plurality of outlet openings 6 can also be arranged in a blade passage.
- the outlet 6 has an inclined, preferably nozzle-like, shape in the main flow direction, the fluid jet emerging from the outlet 6 through the outlet opening receiving an essential component parallel to the main flow and in this way substantially tangential to the main flow path boundary.
- the edge contour can run smoothly in the area of the outlet opening or can have a local recess which is recessed in the main flow direction.
- the Fig. 4a shows on its left and right sides of the blade row according to the invention with a fixed blade end in a developed streamline section near a main flow path boundary, as it corresponds approximately to the view XX or YY, ie in the meridian flow direction m and the circumferential direction u formed plane.
- a skeleton line SL which, for purposes of the present invention, should be within the profile through the center line between the pressure and suction sides and outside the profile through the respective tangential continuation of this center line at the leading and trailing edges.
- W indicates the width of the blade passage at the narrowest point between two adjacent blade profiles at the main flow path boundary.
- the thickness of the profile at the bottleneck is denoted by d.
- This boundary line limits the range of the invention useful positions of outlet openings.
- outlet openings are always upstream of the back wall line HKL in the region between the convex side of a skeleton line SL and the concave side of the next one, in FIG Direction of the pressure side of the adjacent profile encountered boundary line GL provided.
- the left-hand side of the invention shows examples according to the invention of slot-like outlet openings arranged approximately transversely to the main flow, within the area between the skeleton line SL and the boundary line GL.
- a small arrow indicates the exiting fluid jet.
- an outlet opening 6 directly on the profile suction side SS (see middle opening) or also on the edge RF of the rounding radius usually provided at the blade ends, also called fillet radius (see rear opening), is favorable.
- the vicinity of the skeleton line is favorable (see front opening).
- each illustrated outlet opening 6 extends transversely or obliquely to the main flow and the beam exit direction, the respective center line. If, as shown in this example, it is an individually arranged opening, the center line of the opening is defined as the so-called outlet trajectory TJ.
- the right-hand side of the invention shows examples according to the invention of rows of outlet openings arranged approximately to the main flow.
- a small arrow indicates the exiting fluid jet.
- the individual openings may have an angular or round / oval shape and be regularly or irregularly spaced from each other.
- the connecting line of the centroids of the row belonging to the row is defined as outlet trajectory TJ.
- the outlet trajectory is oriented in its entire course substantially orthogonal to the local tangent to the skeleton line.
- the Fig. 4b shows on the left side a passage between two adjacent profiles on the main flow path boundary.
- dashed lines show a typical structure of isobars (lines of constant static pressure).
- the isobars are inclined upstream in a wide range and uniformly curved.
- an isobar drawn is drawn through.
- the Fig. 4c shows the inventively particularly favorable position of the exhaust traverse upstream of the line extending in the narrowest cross section between two adjacent profiles LW.
- the Fig. 4d clarifies the definition of the inclination of an outlet trajectory according to the invention.
- a blade profile and an outlet opening are shown dotted in the background as a guide.
- the trajectory runs between the starting point TA and the end point TE.
- the range of angular amounts is decisive, in which the angle of inclination ⁇ , which the trajectory TJ travels along its course locally with the skeleton line, is maintained.
- the perpendicular is first to be dropped in the direction of the suction side of the next profile onto the skeleton line SL.
- the solder point C is given.
- the inclination angle ⁇ is finally drawn between the picture as in the picture Tangent to the trajectory in the considered point T and the tangent to the skeleton line included in the soldering point C.
- the inclination angle ⁇ along the entire trajectory has values in the range 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 100 °.
- an outlet 6 is an oblique opening into the surface of the main flow path boundary with the formation of a bend at the entry point (point G) with a smooth course of the contour of the main flow path boundary.
- the orifice angle ⁇ is measured at the point of inflection G between the tangent to the inner contour of the outlet and the tangent to the contour of the main flow path boundary and according to the invention should be less than 25 ° ( ⁇ ⁇ 25 °).
- the 5 b shows in section ZZ a nozzle-shaped in the direction of the main flow inclined and curved course of the outlet, here with a shoulder in the contour of the Hauptströmungspfadberandung at the confluence.
- the features of this outlet according to the invention will be described with the aid of two inscribed circles and the center line of the outlet in the plane considered here.
- the narrowest cross section of the outlet is found coming from outside the blade.
- the narrowest cross-section has the width e, but does not have to lie directly at the exit opening of the outlet, as shown here.
- the center of the circle found in the narrowest cross-section is marked ME.
- further continuously increasing circles may be inscribed to determine the centerline GML of the outlet.
- the effective length k of the outlet is measured, which is limited further inside the blade by the center MI of a last inscribed circle.
- the 5c shows in section ZZ further features of the outlet according to the invention, with regard to its transition to the surface of the main flow path boundary.
- the narrow section of the outlet 6 has the width e.
- the point of contact of the inscribed in the narrow cross-section circle with the inner, at this point convex boundary contour of the outlet 6 is denoted by P.
- the tangent TGA and the tangent TGO serve to describe the transition of the outlet 6 into the surface of the blade.
- TGA is the tangent at point P to the inner outlet boundary contour.
- TGO results as a tangent to a circle (not shown in the picture) through the blade surface points X, Y and Z.
- the point X is obtained as an intersection of an orthogonal to TGA applied tangent to the throat section.
- the point Y is located in a distance measured along the blade outer contour of two Engqueritessweiten (2e) upstream of point X.
- the point Z is located in a measured along the blade outer contour distance of two Engqueritessweiten (2e) upstream of point Y.
- heel height f which is measured as the orthogonal distance of the point Q from the tangent TGO.
- the point Q is located two narrow cross-sectional widths (2e) downstream of point P.
- the 5d shows an outlet 6 with additional design elements.
- at least one separating web 9 can be provided in the area of the outlet 6 or also in the area of the cavity, dividing the supplied fluid flow or similarly deflecting it like a blade lattice before it emerges as a tangential jet onto the blade surface.
- the present invention allows a significantly higher aerodynamic load capacity of rotors and stators in turbomachines, with constant or increased efficiency. A reduction in the number of parts and the component weight of more than 20% seems attainable. Using the concept in the high-pressure compressor of an aircraft engine with around 25,000 pounds of thrust results in a reduction in specific fuel consumption of up to 0.5%.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Strömungsarbeitsmaschine mit saugseitennaher Randenergetisierung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a fluid flow machine with suction side near Randenergetisierung according to the preamble of
Die aerodynamische Belastbarkeit und die Effizienz von Strömungsarbeitsmaschinen, beispielsweise Bläsern, Verdichtern, Pumpen und Ventilatoren, wird durch das Wachstum und die Ablösung von Grenzschichten auf den Schaufeln und insbesondere auf den Naben- und Gehäusewänden begrenzt. Der Stand der Technik hält für den Fall hoher aerodynamischer Belastung und starken Grenzschichtwachstums auf den Ringkanalseitenwänden (Nabe oder Gehäuse) nur bedingt Lösungen bereit.The aerodynamic load capacity and efficiency of fluid flow machines, such as fans, compressors, pumps, and fans, is limited by the growth and detachment of boundary layers on the blades, and particularly on the hub and casing walls. The prior art provides only limited solutions in the event of high aerodynamic loading and strong boundary layer growth on the annular channel sidewalls (hub or housing).
Für Schaufeloberflächen (Saug- und Druckseite) sind hingegen Konzepte bekannt. Verwandte Alternativlösungen sehen ein direktes Durchtreten des Fluides von der Schaufeldruckseite zur Schaufelsaugseite vor. Daneben existiert für Rotoren ein Konzept zur Luftzufuhr an Nabe und Gehäuse durch in Umfangsrichtung der Maschine verlaufende Schlitze, um die dortigen Wandgrenzschichten zu beeinflussen. Schließlich gibt es Konzepte, bei denen Rotoren am Gehäuse aus einzelnen Düsen angeblasen werden, um die dortige Radialspaltströmung günstig zu beeinflussen. Der allgemeine Gedanke der Grenzschichtbeeinflussung durch Einblasung bzw. Fluidzufuhr ist somit im Stand der Technik enthalten, doch gibt es keine wirkungsvollen Lösungen für die Beeinflussung der Seitenwandgrenzschichtströmung in Schaufelanordnungen mit festem Schaufelende, d. h. bei Verbindungen von Schaufelende und Hauptströmungspfadberandung ohne Spalt.For blade surfaces (suction and pressure side), however, concepts are known. Related alternative solutions provide for direct passage of the fluid from the blade pressure side to the blade suction side. In addition, there is a concept for rotors for supplying air to the hub and housing by running in the circumferential direction of the machine slots to influence the local wall boundary layers. Finally, there are concepts in which rotors are blown on the housing from individual nozzles in order to favorably influence the radial gap flow there. The general idea of boundary layer control by fluid injection is thus included in the prior art, but there are no effective solutions for interfacing sidewall boundary flow in fixed blade end vane arrangements, i. H. at blade end and main flow path boundary junctions without gap.
Der Stand der Technik ist teils in nachfolgenden Veröffentlichungen dokumentiert:
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US 5,690,473 -
US 6,334,753 -
US 2,870,957 -
US 2,933,238 -
US 5,480,284
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US 5,690,473 -
US 6,334,753 -
US 2,870,957 -
US 2,933,238 -
US 5,480,284
Die Strömung in Schaufelreihen aerodynamisch hoch belasteter Strömungsarbeitsmaschinen weist eine sehr hohe zu erreichende Strömungsumlenkung auf. Die erforderliche Strömungsumlenkung kann entweder in Teilen der Schaufelhöhe oder entlang der gesamten Schaufelhöhe so hoch werden, dass eine konventionelle Anordnung zu frühzeitiger Ablösung der Grenzschichtströmung im Randbereich an Naben- und/oder Gehäusewänden führt.The flow in blade rows of aerodynamically highly loaded turbomachines has a very high flow deflection to be achieved. The required flow deflection can become so high either in parts of the blade height or along the entire blade height that a conventional arrangement leads to premature detachment of the boundary layer flow in the edge region at the hub and / or housing walls.
Übliche Schaufelreihen, wie sie in
Schaufelreihen mit einer Gestaltung nach dem Stand der Technik, siehe
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf Schaufeln von Strömungsarbeitsmaschinen wie Bläser, Verdichter, Pumpen und Ventilatoren axialer, halbaxialer und radialer Bauart mit gasförmigem oder flüssigem Arbeitsmedium. Die Strömungsarbeitsmaschine kann eine oder mehrere Stufen mit jeweils einem Rotor und einem Stator umfassen, in Einzelfällen wird die Stufe lediglich durch einen Rotor gebildet. Der Rotor besteht aus einer Anzahl von Schaufeln, die mit der rotierenden Welle der Maschine verbunden sind und Energie an das Arbeitsmedium abgeben. Der Rotor kann mit oder ohne Deckband am äußeren Schaufelende ausgeführt sein. Der Stator besteht aus einer Anzahl feststehender Schaufeln, die nabenseitig wie gehäuseseitig mit festem oder freiem Schaufelende ausgeführt sein können. Die Rotortrommel und die Beschaufelung sind üblicherweise von einem Gehäuse umgeben, in anderen Fällen, z. B. bei Propellern oder Schiffsschrauben, existiert kein Gehäuse. Die Maschine kann auch einen Stator vor dem ersten Rotor, ein sogenanntes Vorleitrad aufweisen. Mindestens ein Stator oder Vorleitrad kann -abweichend von der unbeweglichen Fixierung- drehbar gelagert sein, um den Anstellwinkel zu verändern. Eine Verstellung erfolgt beispielsweise durch eine von außerhalb des Ringkanals zugängliche Spindel. Alternativ kann die besagte Strömungsarbeitsmaschine bei Mehrstufigkeit zwei gegenläufige Wellen besitzen, so dass die Rotorschaufelreihen von Stufe zu Stufe die Drehrichtung wechseln. Hierbei existieren keine Statoren zwischen aufeinander folgenden Rotoren. Schließlich kann die Strömungsarbeitsmaschine alternativ eine Nebenstromkonfiguration derart aufweisen, dass sich der einstromige Ringkanal hinter einer bestimmten Schaufelreihe in zwei konzentrische Ringkanäle aufteilt, die ihrerseits mindestens jeweils eine weitere Schaufelreihe beherbergen.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Strömungsarbeitsmaschine der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, welche unter Vermeidung der Nachteile des Standes der Technik eine wirkungsvolle Grenzschichtbeeinflussung im Schaufelspitzenbereich aufweist.The present invention has for its object to provide a fluid flow machine of the type mentioned, which has an effective boundary layer influence in the blade tip area while avoiding the disadvantages of the prior art.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch die Merkmalskombination des Hauptanspruchs gelöst, die Unteransprüche zeigen weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung.According to the invention the object is achieved by the feature combination of the main claim, the subclaims show further advantageous embodiments of the invention.
Im einzelnen umfasst die vorliegende Erfindung somit eine Strömungsarbeitsmaschine mit einem Hauptströmungspfad, in welchem zumindest eine Reihe von Schaufeln angeordnet ist, wobei mindestens ein Schaufelende einer Schaufelreihe eine feste Verbindung zur Hauptströmungspfadberandung aufweist und mindestens eine mit Fluid versorgte Randkammer im Bereich dieses Schaufelendes außerhalb der Hauptströmungspfadberandung vorgesehen ist, wobei mindestens ein Auslass im Bereich des besagten festen Schaufelendes in der Nähe mindestens einer Schaufelsaugseite vorgesehen ist, durch den Fluid aus der besagten mindestens einen Randkammer im Wesentlichen in Richtung der Hauptströmung auf die Oberfläche der Hauptströmungspfadberandung gelangt.In particular, the present invention thus comprises a turbomachine having a main flow path in which at least one row of blades is arranged, at least one blade end of a blade row having a fixed connection to the main flow path boundary and at least one fluid-supplied edge chamber being provided in the region of this blade end outside the main flow path boundary wherein at least one outlet is provided in the region of said fixed blade end in the vicinity of at least one blade suction side through which fluid from the at least one edge chamber passes substantially in the direction of the main flow onto the surface of the main flow path boundary.
Erfindungsgemäß ist für den Einsatz in einer Strömungsarbeitsmaschine eine Schaufel geschaffen, die im Bereich mindestens eines ihrer Enden an der Hauptströmungspfadberandung einen speziell geformten Auslass zur Tangentialstrahlerzeugung in Nähe der Schaufelsaugseite aufweist, derart, dass Fluid aus einer Kammer außerhalb der Hauptströmungspfadberandung auf strömungsgünstige Weise auf die Oberfläche der Hauptströmungspfadberandung austreten kann.According to the invention, for use in a fluid flow machine, a blade is provided which has a specially shaped tangential jet generation outlet in the vicinity of the blade suction side in at least one of its ends at the main flow path boundary, such that fluid from a chamber outside the main flow path boundary flows in a streamlined manner onto the surface the main flow path boundary can escape.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen in Verbindung mit den Figuren beschrieben. Dabei zeigt:
- Fig.1
- eine Schaufel nach dem Stand der Technik,
- Fig.2
- eine mögliche Konfigurationen erfindungsrelevanter Strömungsarbeitsma- schinen,
- Fig.3a
- ein Beispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaufel, Stator mit freiem Schaufel- ende an der Nabe,
- Fig.3b
- ein Beispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaufel, Stator mit Deckband an der Nabe,
- Fig.3c
- ein Beispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaufel, Rotor mit freiem Schaufel- ende am Gehäuse,
- Fig.3d
- ein Beispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaufel, Rotor mit Deckband am Gehäuse,
- Fig.4a
- eine erfindungsgemäße Seitenwandstrahlerzeugung, Ringkanalwandan- sicht an einem festen Schaufelende, orthogonale Anordnung der Aus- lasstrajektorie,
- Fig.4b
- eine erfindungsgemäße Seitenwandstrahlerzeugung, Ringkanalwandan- sicht an einem festen Schaufelende, stromauf geneigte Anordnung der Aus- lasstrajektorie,
- Fig.4c
- eine erfindungsgemäße Seitenwandstrahlerzeugung, Ringkanalwandan- sicht an einem festen Schaufelende, Auslasstrajektorie vor der Engstelle,
- Fig.4d
- eine erfindungsgemäße Definition der Trajektorienneigung,
- Fig.5a
- eine erfindungsgemäße Form des Auslasses, knickartiger Konturübergang, Schnitt Z-Z,
- Fig.5b
- eine erfindungsgemäße Form des Auslasses, allmählicher Konturübergang, Düsenform, Schnitt Z-Z,
- Fig.5b
- eine Definition des erfindungsgemäßen Auslasses, Betrachtung in einer freien Schnittebene, Düsenform,
- Fig.5c
- ein erfindungsgemäßer Übergang des Auslasses zur Oberfläche, Schnitt Z- Z,
- Fig.5d
- ein erfindungsgemäßer Auslass mit Trennsteg oder Umlenkhilfe, Schnitt Z- Z.
- Fig.1
- a blade according to the prior art,
- Fig.2
- a possible configuration of invention-relevant turbomachines,
- 3a
- an example of a blade according to the invention, stator with free blade end on the hub,
- 3b
- an example of a blade according to the invention, stator with shroud on the hub,
- 3 c
- an example of a blade according to the invention, rotor with free blade end on the housing,
- 3 d
- an example of a blade according to the invention, rotor with shroud on the housing,
- 4a
- a sidewall beam generation according to the invention, annular channel wall view on a fixed blade end, orthogonal arrangement of the outlet trajectory,
- 4b
- a side wall beam generation according to the invention, annular channel wall view on a fixed blade end, upstream arrangement of the outlet trajectory,
- 4c
- a sidewall beam generation according to the invention, annular channel wall view on a fixed blade end, outlet trajectory in front of the constriction,
- Fig.4d
- a definition according to the invention of the trajectory inclination,
- 5a
- an inventive shape of the outlet, kinky contour transition, section ZZ,
- 5 b
- an inventive shape of the outlet, gradual contour transition, nozzle shape, section ZZ,
- 5 b
- a definition of the outlet according to the invention, viewing in a free sectional plane, nozzle shape,
- 5c
- an inventive transition of the outlet to the surface, section ZZ,
- 5d
- an inventive outlet with divider or Umlenkhilfe, section Z Z.
Eine konventionelle Schaufelreihe nach dem Stand der Technik, wie sie in
Die
Die Schaufel 5 ist im Meridianschnitt mit Anströmung von links nach rechts, siehe linker Bildteil und in der Ansicht X-X (Gehäuseansicht) im rechten Bildteil dargestellt.The
Der Stator besitzt an seinem lastübertragenden festen Schaufelende mindestens eine mit Fluid versorgte, außerhalb des Hauptströmungspfades befindliche Primärrandkammer, die im Bild nur vereinfacht skizziert ist und aus der durch mindestens einen Auslass Fluid auf die Oberfläche der Hauptströmungspfadberandung austritt.The stator has at its load-carrying fixed blade end at least one fluid-supplied, located outside the main flow path primary edge chamber, which is outlined in simplified form and emerges from the at least one outlet fluid to the surface of the Hauptströmungspfadberandung.
Die
Die Schaufel ist im Meridianschnitt mit Anströmung von links nach rechts, siehe linker Bildteil und in der Ansicht Y-Y (Nabenansicht) im rechten Bildteil dargestellt.The bucket is in the meridian section with flow from left to right, see left part of the picture and in the view Y-Y (hub view) in the right part of the picture.
Der Stator besitzt an seinem lastübertragenden festen Schaufelende mindestens eine mit Fluid versorgte Primärrandkammer 13 außerhalb des Hauptströmungspfades 2, aus der durch einen Auslass 6 Fluid auf die Oberfläche der Hauptströmungspfadberandung austritt.The stator has at its load-carrying fixed blade end at least one fluid-supplied
Der Stator besitzt zudem mindestens einen Strömungsweg im Innern mindestens einer Schaufel 5, der die mindestens eine Primärrandkammer 13 am lastübertragenden festen Schaufelende mit mindestens einer Sekundärrandkammer 14, definiert durch ihre Lage außerhalb des Hauptströmungspfades am anderen festen Schaufelende des Stators, verbindet, wobei aus der mindestens einen Sekundärrandkammer 14 durch mindestens einen Auslass 6 ebenfalls Fluid auf die Oberfläche der Hauptströmungspfadberandung austritt.The stator also has at least one flow path in the interior of at least one
Ein erfindungsgemäß günstiger Fall liegt vor, wenn entsprechend der Darstellung in
Wie in
Die
Die Schaufel 5 ist im Meridianschnitt mit Anströmung von links nach rechts, siehe linker Bildteil und in der Ansicht Y-Y (Nabenansicht) im rechten Bildteil dargestellt.The
Der Rotor besitzt an seinem lastübertragenden festen Schaufelende mindestens eine mit Fluid versorgte, außerhalb des Hauptströmungspfades befindliche Primärrandkammer 13, die im Bild nur vereinfacht skizziert ist und aus der durch mindestens einen Auslass Fluid 6 auf die Oberfläche der Hauptströmungspfadberandung austritt.The rotor has at its load-carrying fixed blade end at least one supplied with fluid, located outside of the main flow path
Die
Der Rotor besitzt an seinem lastübertragenden festen Schaufelende mindestens eine mit Fluid versorgte Primärrandkammer 13 außerhalb des Hauptströmungspfades, aus der durch einen Auslass 6 Fluid auf die Oberfläche der Hauptströmungspfadberandung austritt.The rotor has at its load-carrying fixed blade end at least one fluid-supplied
Der Rotor besitzt zudem mindestens einen Strömungsweg im Innern mindestens einer Schaufel 5, der die mindestens eine Primärrandkammer 13 am lastübertragenden festen Schaufelende mit mindestens einer Sekundärrandkammer 14, definiert durch ihre Lage außerhalb des Hauptströmungspfades am anderen festen Schaufelende des Rotors, verbindet, wobei aus der mindestens einen Sekundärrandkammer 14 durch mindestens einen Auslass 6 ebenfalls Fluid auf die Oberfläche der Hauptströmungspfadberandung austritt.The rotor also has at least one flow path in the interior of at least one
Ein erfindungsgemäß günstiger Fall liegt vor, wenn entsprechend der Darstellung in
Wie in
Die Öffnung mindestens eines Auslasses 6 an der Hauptströmungspfadberandung der betreffenden Schaufelreihe ist erfindungsgemäß in der Umgebung der Saugseite vorgesehen.The opening of at least one
Die Schaufel 5 weist in der gezeigten Darstellung in
Erfindungsgemäß besitzt der Auslass 6 eine in Hauptströmungsrichtung geneigte, idealerweise düsenartige Form, wobei der aus dem Auslass 6 durch die Auslassöffnung austretende Fluidstrahl eine wesentliche Komponente parallel zur Hauptströmung erhält und sich auf diese Weise im Wesentlichen tangential an die Hauptströmungspfadberandung anlegt.According to the invention, the
Die Randkontur kann erfindungsgemäß im Bereich der Auslassöffnung glatt verlaufen oder einen lokalen, auf die Hauptströmungsrichtung bezogen rücksprungartigen Absatz aufweisen.According to the invention, the edge contour can run smoothly in the area of the outlet opening or can have a local recess which is recessed in the main flow direction.
Die
Im linken Bildteil kennzeichnet W die Weite der Schaufelpassage an der engsten Stelle zwischen zwei benachbarten Schaufelprofilen an der Hauptströmungspfadberandung. Die Dicke des Profils an der Engstelle ist mit d bezeichnet.In the left part of the picture, W indicates the width of the blade passage at the narrowest point between two adjacent blade profiles at the main flow path boundary. The thickness of the profile at the bottleneck is denoted by d.
Außer den Skelettlinien SL der zwei dargestellten Profile ist eine Grenzlinie GL eingezeichnet, die erfindungsgemäß durch die zwischen zwei Schaufelprofilen gebildete Passage verläuft und dabei einen gleichbleibenden Abstand a=W+0,5-d von der konvexen Seite der Skelettlinie aufweist. Diese Grenzlinie schränkt den Bereich der erfindungsgemäß sinnvollen Positionen von Auslassöffnungen ein. So sind erfindungsgemäß Auslassöffnungen stets stromauf der Hinterkantelinie HKL im Bereich zwischen der konvexen Seite einer Skelettlinie SL und der konkaven Seite der nächsten, in Richtung der Druckseite des benachbarten Profils anzutreffenden Grenzlinie GL vorgesehen.In addition to the skeleton lines SL of the two profiles shown, a boundary line GL is drawn, which extends according to the invention through the passage formed between two blade profiles and thereby has a constant distance a = W + 0.5-d from the convex side of the skeleton line. This boundary line limits the range of the invention useful positions of outlet openings. Thus, according to the invention, outlet openings are always upstream of the back wall line HKL in the region between the convex side of a skeleton line SL and the concave side of the next one, in FIG Direction of the pressure side of the adjacent profile encountered boundary line GL provided.
Die linke Bildseite zeigt erfindungsgemäße Beispiele von etwa quer zur Hauptströmung angeordneten schlitzartigen Auslassöffnungen innerhalb des Bereiches zwischen Skelettlinie SL und Grenzlinie GL. Ein kleiner Pfeil deutet jeweils den austretenden Fluidstrahl an.The left-hand side of the invention shows examples according to the invention of slot-like outlet openings arranged approximately transversely to the main flow, within the area between the skeleton line SL and the boundary line GL. A small arrow indicates the exiting fluid jet.
Erfindungsgemäß günstig ist eine Positionierung einer Auslassöffnung 6 unmittelbar an der Profilsaugseite SS (siehe mittlere Öffnung) oder auch am Rand RF des üblicherweise an Schaufelenden vorgesehenen Rundungsradius, auch Filletradius genannt (siehe hintere Öffnung). Bei Anordnung stromauf der Vorderkantenlinie VKL ist die Nähe zur Skelettlinie günstig (siehe vordere Öffnung).According to the invention, positioning of an
Durch jede dargestellte Auslassöffnung 6 verläuft quer oder schräg zur Hauptströmung und zur Strahlaustrittsrichtung die jeweilige Mittellinie. Handelt es sich, wie in diesem Beispiel dargestellt, um eine einzeln angeordnete Öffnung, wird die Mittellinie der Öffnung als die sogenannte Auslasstrajektorie TJ definiert.Through each illustrated
Die rechte Bildseite zeigt erfindungsgemäße Beispiele von etwa zur Hauptströmung angeordneten Reihen von Auslassöffnungen. Ein kleiner Pfeil deutet jeweils den austretenden Fluidstrahl an. Die einzelnen Öffnungen können eckige oder runde/ovale Form besitzen und regelmäßig oder unregelmäßig von einander entfernt liegen.The right-hand side of the invention shows examples according to the invention of rows of outlet openings arranged approximately to the main flow. A small arrow indicates the exiting fluid jet. The individual openings may have an angular or round / oval shape and be regularly or irregularly spaced from each other.
Handelt es sich wie in diesem Beispiel dargestellt, um eine quer oder schräg zur Hauptströmung und zur Strahlaustrittsrichtung angeordnete Reihe von Öffnungen, wird die Verbindungslinie der Flächenschwerpunkte der zur Reihe gehörenden Öffnungen als Auslasstrajektorie TJ definiert.If, as shown in this example, a row of openings arranged transversely or obliquely to the main flow and to the jet exit direction, the connecting line of the centroids of the row belonging to the row is defined as outlet trajectory TJ.
Erfindungsgemäß günstig ist es, wenn die Auslasstrajektorie in ihrem gesamten Verlauf im Wesentlichen orthogonal zur örtlichen Tangente an die Skelettlinie ausgerichtet ist.According to the invention it is favorable if the outlet trajectory is oriented in its entire course substantially orthogonal to the local tangent to the skeleton line.
Die
Im rechten Bildteil ist die durchgezogene Isobare nochmals dargestellt. Ein Teil dieser Isobaren ist deckungsgleich mit der Trajektorie TJ der ebenfalls eingezeichneten Auslassöffnung.In the right part of the picture, the solid isobar is shown again. A part of these isobars is congruent with the trajectory TJ of the likewise marked outlet opening.
Zudem kann es erfindungsgemäß besonders günstig sein, Auslassöffnungen noch näher an der Saugseite des Profils anzuordnen, limitiert durch eine Grenzlinie GL, die sich in einem kleineren konstanten Abstand a=0,7·W+0,5·d von der konvexen Seite der Skelettlinie befindet.In addition, according to the invention, it may be particularly favorable to arrange outlet openings even closer to the suction side of the profile, limited by a boundary line GL which is at a smaller constant distance a = 0.7 * W + 0.5 * d from the convex side of the skeleton line located.
Die
Die
Die Trajektorie verläuft zwischen dem Anfangspunkt TA und dem Endpunkt TE. Erfindungsgemäß entscheidend ist der Bereich von Winkelbeträgen, in dem der Neigungswinkel α, den die Trajektorie TJ entlang ihres Verlaufes lokal mit der Skelettlinie einschließt, gehalten wird. Zur Ermittlung des Neigungswinkel α in einem bestimmten Punkt T der Trajektorie TJ ist zunächst in Richtung der Saugseite des nächst liegenden Profils das Lot auf die Skelettlinie SL zu fällen. Dadurch ist der Lotpunkt C gegeben. Der Neigungswinkel α wird schließlich wie im Bild eingezeichnet zwischen der Tangente an die Trajektorie im betrachteten Punkt T und der Tangente an die Skelettlinie im Lotpunkt C eingeschlossen.The trajectory runs between the starting point TA and the end point TE. According to the invention, the range of angular amounts is decisive, in which the angle of inclination α, which the trajectory TJ travels along its course locally with the skeleton line, is maintained. In order to determine the angle of inclination α at a specific point T of the trajectory TJ, the perpendicular is first to be dropped in the direction of the suction side of the next profile onto the skeleton line SL. As a result, the solder point C is given. The inclination angle α is finally drawn between the picture as in the picture Tangent to the trajectory in the considered point T and the tangent to the skeleton line included in the soldering point C.
Gemäß dieser Definition gilt für alle erfindungsgemäßen Auslasstrajektorien, dass der Neigungswinkel α entlang der gesamten Trajektorie Werte im Bereich 0°< α < 100° besitzt.According to this definition, for all outlet trajectories according to the invention, the inclination angle α along the entire trajectory has values in the range 0 ° <α <100 °.
Betrachtet man den Auslass in vergrößerter Darstellung in dem in
Entsprechend
Die
Die
Von bevorzugter Bedeutung ist die Absatzhöhe f, die als orthogonaler Abstand des Punktes Q von der Tangente TGO gemessen wird. Der Punkt Q befindet sich zwei Engquerschnittsweiten (2e) stromab von Punkt P.Of particular importance is the heel height f, which is measured as the orthogonal distance of the point Q from the tangent TGO. The point Q is located two narrow cross-sectional widths (2e) downstream of point P.
Für die Gestalt des Auslasses gelten schließlich erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt folgende Festlegungen:
- a.) der Engquerschnitt des Auslasses befindet sich an oder nahe der Auslassöffnung
- b.) der Auslass besitzt vom Engquerschnitt ins Innere der Schaufel gehend eine über der gesamten effektiven Länge k kontinuierlich steigende Querschnittsweite (Düsenförmigkeit zwischen den Anfangs- und Endkreismittelpunkten MI und ME)
- c.) die effektive Länge k, bezogen auf die Engquerschnittsweite e, liegt im Wertebereich k/e > 0,7
- d.) der zwischen den Tangenten TGO und TGA eingeschlossene Mündungswinkel γ liegt im Wertebereich 0° < γ < 60°
- e.) die Absatzhöhe f, bezogen auf die Engquerschnittsweite e, liegt im Wertebereich 0 < f/e < 3.
- a.) the narrow section of the outlet is located at or near the outlet opening
- b.) the outlet has from the throat cross-section into the inside of the blade a continuously increasing cross-sectional width over the entire effective length k (nozzle shape between the start and end circle centers MI and ME)
- c.) the effective length k, based on the narrow section width e, lies in the value range k / e> 0.7
- d.) included between the tangents TGO and TGA outlet angle γ is in the range 0 ° <γ <60 °
- e.) The heel height f, with respect to the throat width e, lies in the value range 0 <f / e <3.
Die
Die Erfindung kann auch wie folgt beschrieben werden:The invention can also be described as follows:
Strömungsarbeitsmaschine mit einem Hauptströmungspfad, in welchem zumindest eine Reihe von Schaufeln angeordnet ist, wobei mindestens ein Schaufelende einer Schaufelreihe eine feste Verbindung zur Hauptströmungspfadberandung aufweist und mindestens eine mit Fluid versorgte Randkammer im Bereich dieses Schaufelendes außerhalb der Hauptströmungspfadberandung vorgesehen ist, wobei im Bereich des besagten festen Schaufelendes in der Umgebung mindestens einer Schaufelsaugseite mindestens ein Auslass vorgesehen ist, durch den Fluid aus der besagten mindestens einen Randkammer auf strömungsgünstige Weise auf die Oberfläche der Hauptströmungspfadberandung in den Hauptströmungspfad gelangt, wobei:
- a.) durch die Form und Orientierung des besagten mindestens einen Auslasses der entstehende Fluidstrahl unmittelbar nach seinem Eintritt in den Hauptströmungspfad bei Betrachtung in der Meridianebene (x-r-Ebene) im Wesentlichen tangential zur Kontur der Hauptströmungspfadberandung und bei Betrachtung in der durch Umfangsrichtung u und Meridianrichtung m gebildeten Ebene im Wesentlichen parallel zur örtlichen Tangente an die Skelettlinie des nächst gelegenen Profils und somit etwa in Richtung der Hauptströmung am besagten Schaufelende ausgerichtet ist,
- b.) die Öffnung des mindestens einen Auslasses an der Hauptströmungspfadberandung in der durch die Umfangsrichtung u und die Meridianrichtung m gebildeten Ebene stromauf der Hinterkantenlinie zwischen der konvexen Seite der Skelettlinie des nächst gelegenen Profils und einer Grenzlinie vorgesehen ist, wobei die Skelettlinie hier durch die Mittellinie des Profils und ihre tangentialen Verlängerungen an Vorder- und Hinterkante gebildet wird und die Grenzlinie in einem gleichbleibenden Abstand a=W+0,5·d von der konvexen Seite der Skelettlinie durch die zwischen zwei Schaufelprofilen gebildete Passage verläuft, wobei W die Weite der Schaufelpassage an der engsten Stelle und d die Dicke des Profils an dieser Engstelle ist,
- c.) die Erstreckung und der Verlauf einer einzeln vorgesehenen Auslassöffnung an der Hauptströmungspfadberandung durch eine Auslasstrajektorie charakterisiert wird, wobei die Auslasstrajektorie durch die transversale Mittellinie der Auslassöffnung (quer beziehungsweise schräg zur Hauptströmungsrichtung) gebildet wird,
- d.) die Erstreckung und der Verlauf einer Reihe nebeneinander vorgesehener Auslassöffnungen an der Hauptströmungspfadberandung durch eine Auslasstrajektorie charakterisiert wird, wobei die Auslasstrajektorie durch die Verbindungslinie durch die Mittelpunkte der in Reihe formierten Auslassöffnungen gebildet wird,
- e.) mindestens eine Auslasstrajektorie in ihrem gesamten Verlauf Werte des relativen Neigungswinkels α im Bereich 0°< α < 100° aufweist, wobei der relative Neigungswinkel α zwischen der örtlichen Tangente an die Auslasstrajektorie in einem Punkt T und der örtlichen Tangente an die Skelettlinie im Fusspunkt des Lots von T auf die Skelettlinie gemessen wird,
wobei bevorzugt die Öffnung des mindestens einen Auslasses an der Hauptströmungspfadberandung in der durch die Umfangsrichtung u und die Meridianrichtung m gebildeten Ebene stromauf stromauf des engsten Querschnitt der zwischen zwei benachbarten Profilen gebildeten Passage vorgesehen ist,
wobei bevorzugt die Auslasstrajektorie in ihrem gesamten Verlauf im Wesentlichen orthogonal zur örtlichen Tangente an die Skelettlinie ausgerichtet ist,
wobei bevorzugt die Auslasstrajektorie entsprechend dem Verlauf der Isobaren an der Hauptströmungspfadberandung stromaufwärts geneigt und einheitlich gekrümmt ist,
wobei bevorzugt mindestens eine Auslassöffnung unmittelbar an die Profilsaugseite angrenzt,
wobei bevorzugt mindestens eine Auslassöffnung unmittelbar an den Rand des Rundungsradius des Schaufelendes angrenzt,
wobei bevorzugt mindestens eine Auslassöffnung stromauf der Vorderkantenlinie in unmittelbarer Nähe der Skelettlinie vorgesehen ist,
wobei bevorzugt im Bereich des Auslasses oder auch im Bereich der Randkammer mindestens ein Trennsteg vorgesehen ist, der den herangeführten Fluidstrom unterteilt oder auch, ähnlich wie ein Schaufelgitter, umlenkt, bevor er auf die Hauptströmungspfadberandung austritt,
wobei bevorzugt das feste Schaufelende der Schaufelreihe ein lastübertragendes festes Schaufelende ist, und demzufolge das feste Schaufelende und die das Schaufelende umgebende bauliche Struktur keine rotierende Relativbewegung zueinander ausführen,
wobei bevorzugt mindestens eine Randkammer am lastübertragenden festen Schaufelende als Primärrandkammer vorgesehen ist, von der zusätzlich mindestens ein Strömungsweg in das Innere mindestens einer Schaufel führt,
wobei bevorzugt auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Hauptströmungspfades die Schaufelreihe ebenfalls ein festes Schaufelende besitzt und dort außerhalb der Hauptströmungspfadberandung mindestens eine Sekundärrandkammer vorgesehen ist, wobei die mindestens eine Sekundärrandkammer durch den mindestens einen Strömungsweg im Innern mindestens einer Schaufel mit der Primärrandkammer in Verbindung steht und durch mindestens einen Auslass Fluid aus der mindestens einen Sekundärrandkammer auf die Oberfläche der Hauptströmungspfadberandung austritt,
wobei bevorzugt das auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Hauptströmungspfades vorgesehene Schaufelende ein lastfreies Schaufelende ist und dementsprechend das feste Schaufelende ein von einer Kavität umgebenes Deckband besitzt, wobei das Deckband und die das Deckband umgebende bauliche Struktur eine rotierende Relativbewegung ausführen und die Sekundärrandkammer innerhalb des Deckbandes vorgesehen ist,
wobei bevorzugt ausgehend von mindestens einem Strömungsweg im Innern mindestens einer Schaufel zu mindestens einer der beiden Schaufeloberflächen (konvexe Saugseite und konkave Druckseite) zusätzlich mindestens ein Auslass geschaffen ist, durch den Fluid in den Hauptströmungspfad austritt,
wobei bevorzugt bei Vorsehung mehrerer Auslässe an Schaufeloberflächen mindestens drei schlitzartige im Wesentlichen in hauptströmungstransveraler Richtung nebeneinander und in einer Reihe angeordnete Auslässe an der Saugseite vorgesehen sind,
wobei bevorzugt der mindestens eine Auslass schräg in die Oberfläche der Hauptströmungspfadberandung einmündet und an der Einmündestelle ein Knick zur Kontur der Hauptströmungspfadberandung gegeben ist, wobei der Mündungswinkel β, gemessen am Knickpunkt zwischen der Tangente an die innere Kontur des Auslasses und der Tangente an die Kontur der Hauptströmungspfadberandung, Werte kleiner als 25° aufweist,
wobei bevorzugt der mindestens eine Auslass die Form einer Düse aufweist,
wobei bevorzugt die Kontur der Hauptströmungspfadberandung im Bereich einer Auslassöffnung glatt verläuft,
wobei bevorzugt die Kontur der Hauptströmungspfadberandung im Bereich einer Auslassöffnung einen lokalen, auf die Hauptströmungsrichtung bezogen rücksprungartigen Absatz aufweisen,
wobei bevorzugt die Gestalt mindestens eines Auslasses an einer Strömungspfadberandung an einem festen Schaufelende wie folgt festgelegt ist:
- a.) der Engquerschnitt des Auslasses befindet sich an oder nahe der Auslassöffnung
- b.) der Auslass besitzt, vom Engquerschnitt in die Wandung der Hauptströmungspfadberandung hineingehend, eine über der gesamten effektiven Länge k kontinuierlich steigende Querschnittsweite sowie eine Krümmung einheitlichen Vorzeichens zwischen den Anfangs- und Endkreismittelpunkten MI und ME
- c.) die effektive Länge k, bezogen auf die Engquerschnittsweite e, liegt im Wertebereich
k/e > 0,7 - d.) Der zwischen den Tangenten TGO und TGA eingeschlossene Mündungswinkel γ liegt im Wertebereich
0° < γ < 60° - e.) die Absatzhöhe f, bezogen auf die Engquerschnittsweite e, liegt im Wertebereich
0 < f/e < 3.
- a.) by the shape and orientation of said at least one outlet, the resulting fluid jet immediately after its entry into the main flow path as viewed in the meridian plane (xr plane) substantially tangential to the contour of the main flow path boundary and as viewed in the circumferential direction u and meridian direction m aligned substantially parallel to the local tangent to the skeleton line of the nearest profile and thus approximately in the direction of the main flow at the said blade end,
- b.) the opening of the at least one outlet is provided at the main flow path boundary in the plane formed by the circumferential direction u and the meridian direction m upstream of the trailing edge line between the convex side of the skeleton line of the nearest profile and a boundary line, the skeleton line here through the center line of the profile and their tangential extensions at front and the trailing edge is formed and the boundary line runs at a constant distance a = W + 0.5 · d from the convex side of the skeleton line through the passage formed between two blade profiles, where W is the width of the blade passage at the narrowest point and d is the thickness of the blade Profile at this bottleneck is,
- c.) the extent and the course of an individually provided outlet opening at the main flow path boundary is characterized by an outlet trajectory, wherein the outlet trajectory is formed by the transverse center line of the outlet opening (transverse or oblique to the main flow direction),
- d.) the extent and the course of a row of juxtaposed outlet openings on the main flow path boundary is characterized by an outlet trajectory, wherein the outlet trajectory is formed by the connecting line through the centers of the outlet openings formed in series,
- e.) at least one outlet trajectory has values of the relative inclination angle α in the range 0 ° <α <100 °, the relative inclination angle α between the local tangent to the outlet trajectory at a point T and the local tangent to the skeleton line in the Foot of the lot of T is measured on the skeleton line,
wherein preferably the opening of the at least one outlet is provided at the main flow path boundary in the plane formed by the circumferential direction u and the meridian direction m upstream of the narrowest cross section of the passage formed between two adjacent profiles,
wherein preferably the outlet trajectory is aligned in its entire course substantially orthogonal to the local tangent to the skeleton line,
wherein preferably the outlet trajectory is inclined upstream and uniformly curved according to the course of the isobars at the main flow path boundary,
wherein preferably at least one outlet opening directly adjoins the profile suction side,
wherein preferably at least one outlet opening directly adjoins the edge of the radius of curvature of the blade end,
wherein preferably at least one outlet opening is provided upstream of the leading edge line in the immediate vicinity of the skeleton line,
wherein at least one separating web is preferably provided in the region of the outlet or also in the region of the edge chamber, which diverts the introduced fluid flow or, similarly as a blade grid, deflects before it exits onto the main flow path boundary,
wherein preferably the fixed blade end of the blade row is a load-carrying fixed blade end, and consequently the fixed blade end and the structural structure surrounding the blade end do not perform a rotating relative movement to each other,
wherein preferably at least one edge chamber is provided on the load-transmitting fixed blade end as a primary edge chamber, from which additionally at least one flow path leads into the interior of at least one blade,
wherein preferably on the opposite side of the main flow path, the blade row also has a fixed blade end and there is provided outside the Hauptströmungspfadberandung at least one secondary edge chamber, wherein the at least one secondary edge chamber through the at least one flow path in the interior of at least one blade with the primary edge chamber in Connected and emerges through at least one outlet fluid from the at least one secondary edge chamber on the surface of the main flow path boundary,
wherein preferably the blade end provided on the opposite side of the main flow path is a load-free blade end and, accordingly, the fixed blade end has a shroud surrounded by a cavity, wherein the shroud and the structural structure surrounding the shroud perform a rotating relative movement and the secondary edge chamber is provided within the shroud .
wherein at least one outlet is additionally provided, starting from at least one flow path in the interior of at least one blade to at least one of the two blade surfaces (convex suction side and concave pressure side), through which fluid exits into the main flow path,
wherein preferably at Vorsehung multiple outlets on blade surfaces at least three slit-like in the main flow transversal direction side by side and arranged in a row outlets are provided on the suction side,
Preferably, the at least one outlet opens obliquely into the surface of the main flow path boundary and at the injection point a kink is given to the contour of the main flow path boundary, wherein the orifice angle β, measured at the inflection point between the tangent to the inner contour of the outlet and the tangent to the contour of the Main flow path boundary, values smaller than 25 °,
wherein preferably the at least one outlet is in the form of a nozzle,
wherein preferably the contour of the main flow path boundary runs smoothly in the region of an outlet opening,
wherein preferably the contour of the main flow path boundary in the region of an outlet opening has a local, in the main flow direction related recession-like paragraph,
wherein preferably the shape of at least one outlet is defined at a flow path boundary at a fixed blade end as follows:
- a.) the narrow section of the outlet is located at or near the outlet opening
- b.) the outlet has, from the throat cross-section in the wall of the main flow path boundary in going over the entire effective length k continuously increasing cross-sectional width and a curvature uniform sign between the start and Endkreismittelpunkten MI and ME
- c.) the effective length k, in relation to the narrow section width e, lies in the value range
k / e> 0.7 - d.) The muzzle angle γ enclosed between the tangents TGO and TGA lies in the value range
0 ° <γ <60 ° - e.) The heel height f, related to the narrow cross section width e, is within the value range
0 <f / e <3.
Die vorliegende Erfindung erlaubt eine deutlich höhere aerodynamische Belastbarkeit von Rotoren und Statoren in Strömungsarbeitmaschinen, bei gleichbleibendem oder erhöhtem Wirkungsgrad. Eine Reduzierung der Teilezahl und des Komponentengewichts von mehr als 20% scheint erreichbar. Bei Einsatz des Konzeptes im Hochdruckverdichter eines Flugtriebwerkes mit rund 25000 Pfund Schub ergibt sich eine Reduzierung des spezifischen Kraftstoffverbrauches von bis zu 0,5%.The present invention allows a significantly higher aerodynamic load capacity of rotors and stators in turbomachines, with constant or increased efficiency. A reduction in the number of parts and the component weight of more than 20% seems attainable. Using the concept in the high-pressure compressor of an aircraft engine with around 25,000 pounds of thrust results in a reduction in specific fuel consumption of up to 0.5%.
- 11
- Gehäusecasing
- 22
- Ringkanal / HauptströmungspfadRing channel / main flow path
- 33
- Rotortrommel (Nabe)Rotor drum (hub)
- 44
- Maschinenachsemachine axis
- 55
- Schaufel / SchaufelreiheBlade / blade row
- 66
- Auslassoutlet
- 77
- Randkammerperipheral chamber
- 88th
- TangentialstrahlTangentialstrahl
- 99
- Trennsteg / UmlenkkammerDivider / diverter
- 1010
- Deckbandshroud
- 1111
- Dichtspitzesealing tip
- 1212
- Kavitätcavity
- 1313
- PrimärrandkammerPrimary peripheral chamber
- 1414
- SekundärrandkammerSecondary peripheral chamber
- 1515
- Auslassoutlet
Claims (15)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102008052409A DE102008052409A1 (en) | 2008-10-21 | 2008-10-21 | Turbomachine with near-suction edge energization |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2180193A2 true EP2180193A2 (en) | 2010-04-28 |
EP2180193A3 EP2180193A3 (en) | 2014-05-07 |
EP2180193B1 EP2180193B1 (en) | 2018-10-10 |
Family
ID=41268473
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09010688.1A Active EP2180193B1 (en) | 2008-10-21 | 2009-08-19 | Fluid-flow machine with edge energising near the suction side |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8834116B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2180193B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102008052409A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102008052409A1 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
US8834116B2 (en) | 2014-09-16 |
EP2180193A3 (en) | 2014-05-07 |
EP2180193B1 (en) | 2018-10-10 |
US20100098527A1 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
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