EP2173962B1 - Abgerundete schneidvorrichtungstasche mit verminderter spannungskonzentration - Google Patents

Abgerundete schneidvorrichtungstasche mit verminderter spannungskonzentration Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2173962B1
EP2173962B1 EP08772009A EP08772009A EP2173962B1 EP 2173962 B1 EP2173962 B1 EP 2173962B1 EP 08772009 A EP08772009 A EP 08772009A EP 08772009 A EP08772009 A EP 08772009A EP 2173962 B1 EP2173962 B1 EP 2173962B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
displacement
bit
bit body
insert
cutter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08772009A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2173962A2 (de
Inventor
Marc W. Bird
Andy Oxford
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Baker Hughes Holdings LLC
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Baker Hughes Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Baker Hughes Inc filed Critical Baker Hughes Inc
Publication of EP2173962A2 publication Critical patent/EP2173962A2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2173962B1 publication Critical patent/EP2173962B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
    • E21B10/567—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
    • E21B10/573—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts characterised by support details, e.g. the substrate construction or the interface between the substrate and the cutting element
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/54—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits
    • E21B10/55—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits with preformed cutting elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F2005/001—Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware

Definitions

  • the disclosure herein relates to contoured cutting teeth for use with a drilling bit. More specifically, the present disclosure concerns inserts having a spherical shaped rear portion disposed in a correspondingly formed pocket, wherein the pocket is situated on the cutting surface of a drag bit. The present disclosure also concerns a method for forming the pockets on the face of a drill bit.
  • Earth boring bits for drilling wellbores into subterranean formations include roller cone bits and drag bits.
  • the earth boring bits are typically connectable to a drilling system via a threaded connection disposed on the bottom portion of the bit.
  • Drag type bits includes blades formed on the lower surface of the bit.
  • the blades comprise a raised portion of material having a generally rectangular cross-section extending roughly from the center portion of the bit surface and radially outward along a side of the bit.
  • Cutter pockets are formed on the upper surface of the blade, wherein the respective axes of the pockets are generally parallel with other pockets on the individual blade.
  • the pockets comprise a hollowed out trough portion of the upper surface of the blade, wherein the pockets are formed to receive a cutting element therein.
  • the cutting elements can be attached in any number of ways, such as welding and brazing or other attachment means.
  • the cutting element has a generally cylindrical shape with a cutting face on one end and planar on its other end. It is well known in the prior art to add polycrystalline diamond compact, i.e., PDC, on the face of the cutting element.
  • the cutting element body is typically formed of a relatively hard material such as sintered tungsten carbide.
  • the PDC layer may be mounted directly on the mounting body or on an intermediate carrier also generally made from a sintered tungsten carbide.
  • the bit body is usually comprised of either a tungsten carbide matrix or various forms of steel.
  • Drilling systems typically utilize the weight on bit to press down into the rock that combined with the torque crushes the rock which causes the drilling action. Continued turning of the drill string pushes the teeth through the rock by the combined forces of the weight on bit and the torque.
  • US 6 823 952 B1 discloses A method of forming a bit body for an earth boring drill bit in which bit body raw materials and a displacement are combined into a bit body casting form.
  • the rounded end of the displacement is oriented to extend into the bit body materials.
  • the materials are processed in the casting form to form a bit body, wherein the presence of the displacement extending into the bit body raw materials during the step of processing the materials forms a cutter pocket in the bit body.
  • the displacement is integrally made of removable material and removed after processing in the casting form to form a cutter pocket.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for forming a bit body having an increased bit life.
  • the drag bit comprises a blade on its cutting face, with a series of pockets on the blade formed using displacements.
  • the displacement comprises an insert on one end with removable displacement material on the other. The insert end opposite the displacement is rounded and oriented to be at the cutter pocket bottom while forming the bit. The insert and displacement converge at a planar surface. After the displacement material is removed from the insert, a cutting element may be attached to the end of the insert.
  • a method is included herein for forming the pockets on the blade of the drag bit. The method involves forming the cutter pocket with the displacement having an insert with a rounded shaped end to form a rounded cutter pocket bottom, cleaning the removable portion of the displacement, and adding a cutting element to the end of the insert.
  • Figure 1 is a bottom view of a drill bit shown during the formation process.
  • Figure 2 is a side view of an example of a displacement for forming a cutter pocket.
  • Figure 3 is a side view of a displacement for forming a cutter pocket having an insert on one end.
  • Figure 4 is a partial cutaway view of a displacement forming a cutter pocket having an insert.
  • Figure 5 is a partial cutaway view of a cutting element comprising an insert on one end.
  • Figure 6 is a partial sectional view of a displacement in a bit body having an elliptical end.
  • Figure 7 is a partial sectional view of a displacement in a bit body having an elliptical end.
  • Figure 8 is a partial sectional view of a displacement in a bit body having a frusto-conical end.
  • Figure 9 is a partial sectional view of an example of a drilling system employing a drill bit having a cutter pocket with a rounded bottom.
  • Figure 10 is a partial cutaway view of a cutting element with a rounded end in a bit body.
  • a cutter pocket is formed using a displacement comprising removable displacement material and a non-removal insert having a rounded end.
  • the displacement is oriented within a bit body casting form so when the bit body is formed, the rounded ended of the insert is integral within the bit body with the removable displacement between the insert and the bit outer surface.
  • a cutting element can be attached to the insert's free end.
  • Another way to form a rounded cutter element to bit body interface which does not form part of the present invention, is to form a bit body using a rounded end displacement, wherein the entire displacement comprises removable material.
  • the cutter element(s) to bit body interface describes the contact surface between the cutter element and the bit body:
  • the cutter element(s)/bit body interface also describes the forces and/or force distributions transferred between the cutter element(s) and the bit body.
  • the interface can describe a single cutting element and bit body, a plurality of cutting elements and the bit body, or all cutting elements and the bit body. After casting the bit and then cleaning the displacement from the cutter pocket, a cutting element with a correspondingly rounded bottom can be affixed in the rounded bottom cutter pocket.
  • One of the advantages of having a rounded cutter element to bit body interface is the forces experienced by the cutting element during cutting are transferred to the bit body through the insert (or cutter element) rounded end.
  • a rounded interface has a greater area than traditional planar or flat bit body/cutting element interfaces, thus stresses imparted by the cutting element to the bit body are more evenly distributed throughout the bit body. More even stress distribution thereby minimizes stress concentrations in the bit body. Additionally, the improvement disclosed herein removes sharp corners in the cutter pocket rear portion. In contrast, some diamond fixed cutter bits have experienced primary cutter pocket cracking, especially for the cutters located proximate to the bit axis. These cracks initiate from the joint of the cutter pocket seat and propagate down towards the nozzle and/or front blade root.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a bottom view of an example of a bit body 10, which does not form part of the present invention, being formed in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • the bit body 10 comprises a series of blades 12 formed on the bit face 14, wherein the blades 12 radially extend outward from the center towards the outer radius of the bit face 14.
  • Cutter pockets 13 are generally formed along the upper or outer edge of the blade for receiving cutting elements within the pockets. Displacements may be used in forming these cutter pockets by positioning the displacements inside a form as the bit body is being cast.
  • displacements 16 were situated in a casting form before bit body raw materials were added. The displacements 16 were kept in place in the casting form during the casting process and integrated with the bit body 10.
  • bit body raw materials include a hard material, such as tungsten or tungsten carbide, and binder constituents. Binder constituents include copper, nickel, other soft metals, and combinations thereof. Processing the bit body raw materials within the casting form may comprise heating to soften and/or melt the binder enabling the softened binder material to migrate within the hard material, and when cooled will bind the hard materials together.
  • processing the bit body raw materials within the casting form may comprise heating to soften and/or melt the binder enabling the softened binder material to migrate within the hard material, and when cooled will bind the hard materials together.
  • the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to a high temperature forming process, but instead other processing methods can be employed with the forming method described herein, such as a high pressure forming process, or a combination of increased pressure and increased temperature.
  • the displacements 16 in Figure 1 comprise a material that retains its shape during the bit casting process, but are removable and can be cleaned away after the bit body 10 is removed from the form.
  • materials for the displacements 16 include generally, graphite silicon carbide, refractory materials, compressed particulate matter, combinations thereof, and similar substances.
  • Sand blasting is one example method that can be employed for cleaning displacement material from within the cutter pocket 13.
  • the displacement(s) 16 may optionally comprise erodible materials removable with some applied impact, such as by particles (for example sand), water air, or any other stream comprising matter directed at the displacement.
  • one end of the displacement 16 is shown protruding away from the cutter face.
  • the rearward end, or the displacement rear portion 18 (forming the cutter pocket 13) is shown in a dashed outline on the blade face 12.
  • use of the stress minimizing cutter pockets can be limited to the portions of the bit face having cutters exposed to localized high stresses.
  • Figure 2 provides a side view of an example of a displacement 24 such as used to form a cutter pocket 13 in the bit body 10 of Figure 1 .
  • the displacement 24 comprises a rear section 26, a front section 28, and an indicator groove 30.
  • a groove 30, formed proximate to the front 28 circumscribes the displacement 24 outer periphery.
  • the displacement 24 rear section 26 is rounded for forming a shaped cutter pocket with a rounded bottom.
  • the rear section 26 of this displacement 24 may be hemi-spherical, oval, or have any radial shape, with or without tapers. Examples of displacements 24 having an end with an elliptical shape are provided in a side partial sectional view in Figures 6 and 7 .
  • displacements 24 having an end with a fructo-conical shape is provided in a side partial sectional view in Figure 8 .
  • the front section 28 may be flat, elliptical, chamfered, or have a chisel shape.
  • the present method also includes orienting a displacement having a rounded end within a bit body casting form so the rounded end is used to shape the bottom end 15 of a cutter pocket 13.
  • the optional groove 30 is formed to indicate displacement position and to allow manufacturing personnel to properly align displacements 24 with the face of the blade 14.
  • the cutter can be formed as a unibody assembly having a rounded rear portion, in this embodiment the cutter would not have an added insert.
  • Figure 3 provides a side view of displacement 42 embodiment.
  • the displacement 42 of Figure 3 comprises an insert 46 rounded on its free or bottom end (i.e. the end inserted into a rounded bottom cutter pocket 13).
  • the displacement 42 further includes a cylindrically shaped mid section 45 attached to the insert 46.
  • a front section 44 is shown on the mid section 45 opposite the insert 46.
  • the mid section 45 and front section 44 may comprise above described displacement material such as graphite or silicon carbide.
  • the insert 46 may be glued to the mid section 45 prior to being placed in the mold.
  • Forming a bit body 10 with the displacement 42 of Figure 3 includes removing the front portion 44 and mid section 45 after the casting process. The step of removing may include the displacement cleaning/removal method as described above.
  • a cutter element having a rounded end and a cutter face can be affixed to the insert 46 within the cutter pocket.
  • the insert 46 may comprise mild carbon steel, such as 1018 carbon steel, tungsten carbide, alloys, sintered tungsten carbide, low carbon alloy steels, or combinations thereof.
  • Cutter pockets formed using displacements 42 that comprise an insert 46 may optionally be described as extending from the flat or planar surface of the insert 46 to the cutter pocket opening on the bit body surface. When described in this fashion, the insert 46 would not be in the cutter pocket and the cutter pocket would have a flat bottom defined by the insert 46 upper surface.
  • the cutter pocket can be described as extending to the rounded interface between the insert 46 and bit body 12, thus the insert 46 would be in the bottom of the cutter pocket. Irrespective of how a cutter pocket is described, inserts 46 having a rounded end provide a rounded cutting element to bit body interface.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a side partial sectional view of the displacement 42 of Figure 3 disposed in a bit body 12 cutter pocket 13.
  • the front portion 44 is removable, such as by using the above described process, thereby leaving the insert 46 within the pocket 13.
  • the cutter pocket bottom 15 rounded configuration with the correspondingly contoured insert 46 forms a rounded cutter element to bit body interface to better distribute bit body 12 stress than the traditional flat or planar cutter element to bit body interfaces.
  • earth boring bit bodies formed using the displacements (24, 42) described herein will experience a substantially equal cutter element to bit body stress distribution. Reducing stress concentration in the bit body reduces a likelihood of crack initiation and/or crack growth, thereby increasing useful bit life.
  • a cutting element 35 may be secured onto the insert 46.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a side view of the cutting element 35 comprising a cutter body 36 secured to the insert 46 within the cutter pocket 13.
  • the cutting element 35 is attached to the insert 46 within the cutter pocket 13 created by the mid section 45 ( Figure 4 ) and includes a cutter tip 38 on its outwardly facing surface.
  • the cutter tip 38 may be a polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) and include hard or super hard materials.
  • a cutting element 31 ( Figure 10 ) having a rounded bottom 32 and a cutting tip 33 is illustrated attached in the rounded bottom pocket 13. Brazing or some other means of attachment can be employed for securing the cutting element 31 within the pocket 13.
  • Figure 9 illustrates an embodiment of a drilling system 50 comprising the bit body 10 having a cutter pocket 13 with a rounded bottom.
  • the bit body 10 is deployed on a drill string 52 and connected to a top drive 58 for rotating the drill string 52 and bit 10.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Verfahren zur Bildung eines Meißelkörpers (10) für einen Erdbohrmeißel, das umfasst,
    - dass ein Verdrängungsteil (42) bereitgestellt wird, das einen Abschnitt mit einem gerundeten Ende aufweist, der einen Einsatz (46) bildet;
    - dass Meißelkörperrohmaterialien und das Verdrängungsteil (42) in eine Meißelkörpergussform kombiniert werden;
    - dass das gerundete Endes des Verdrängungsteils (42) so ausgerichtet wird, dass es sich in die Meißelkörpermaterialien erstreckt; und
    - dass die Materialien in der Gussform zur Bildung eines Meißelkörpers (10) verarbeitet werden, wobei das Vorhandensein des sich während des Schritts der Verarbeitung der Materialien in die Meißelkörperrohmaterialien erstreckenden Verdrängungsteils (42) eine Schneidelementtasche (13) in dem Meißelkörper (10) bildet und wobei der Einsatz (46) aus der Schneidelementtasche (13) nicht entfernbar ist.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, das weiterhin umfasst, dass der Abschnitt des Verdrängungsteils (42), der den Einsatz (46) bildet, von dem verbleibenden Abschnitt (44, 45) getrennt und der verbleibende Abschnitt (44, 45) des Verdrängungsteils (42) aus der Schneidelementtasche (13) entfernt wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Verdrängungsteil (42) einen Abschnitt (44, 45), der aus einem erodierbaren Material gebildet wird, und einen Einsatzabschnitt (46) umfasst, der das gerundete Ende umfasst.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, wobei der Einsatz (46) in dem Meißelkörper (10) einstückig ausgebildet wird, wobei das Verfahren weiterhin umfasst, dass der erodierbare Abschnitt entfernt und ein Schneidelement an dem Einsatz (46) befestigt wird.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Rohmaterialien Wolfram und ein Bindemittel umfassen.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, das weiterhin umfasst, dass ein Schneidelement auf dem Einsatz (46) in der Schneidelementtasche (13) befestigt wird.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Verdrängungsteil (42) Material umfasst, das aus der Gruppe ausgewählt wird, die aus Graphit, Siliciumcarbid, refraktorischen Materialien, komprimierten Partikeln und Kombinationen daraus besteht.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, das weiterhin umfasst, dass wenigstens ein Abschnitt des Verdrängungsteils (42) aus dem gebildeten Meißelkörper (10) entfernt, ein Schneidelement innerhalb der Schneidelementtasche (13) befestigt, der Meißelkörper (10) mit dem Einsatz (46) an ein Bohrrohr gekoppelt und ein Bohrloch mit dem Meißelkörper (10) und dem Bohrrohr gebohrt wird.
  9. Unter Verwendung eines Gießprozesses gebildeter Erdbohrmeißel, wobei der Meißel zur Bildung eines unterirdischen Bohrlochs an einem Bohrstrang befestigbar ist, wobei der Meißel
    - einen Meißelkörper (10);
    - ein sich von dem Meißelkörper (10) erstreckendes Blatt; und
    - eine Schneidelementtasche (13) umfasst, die ein gerundetes unteres Ende aufweist, das während des Gießprozesses in dem Blatt gebildet wurde, wobei das gerundete untere Ende unter Verwendung eines Verdrängungsteils (42) gebildet wird, das einen vorderen Abschnitt (44) und einen Einsatzabschnitt (46) mit einem gerundeten Ende aufweist, der in der Tasche (13) einstückig ausgebildet ist.
  10. Erdbohrmeißel nach Anspruch 9, wobei der vordere Abschnitt (44) des Verdrängungsteils (42) unter Verwendung eines erodierbaren Materials gebildet wird.
  11. Erdbohrmeißel nach Anspruch 9, wobei das Verdrängungsteil (42) weiterhin einen mittleren Abschnitt (45) zwischen dem Einsatzabschnitt (46) und dem vorderen Abschnitt (44) umfasst, wobei der mittlere Abschnitt (45) aus einem erodierbaren Material gebildet ist.
  12. Erdbohrmeißel nach Anspruch 9, wobei das gerundete Ende des Verdrängungsteils (42) in einer Meißelkörpergussform so ausrichtbar ist, dass eine Schneidtasche (13) mit einem gerundeten Boden ausgebildet wird.
  13. Erdbohrmeißel nach Anspruch 10, wobei das Verdrängungsteil (42) Material umfasst, das aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Graphit und Siliciumcarbid, refraktorischen Materialien, komprimierten Partikeln und Kombinationen daraus besteht.
EP08772009A 2007-06-26 2008-06-26 Abgerundete schneidvorrichtungstasche mit verminderter spannungskonzentration Not-in-force EP2173962B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US94630007P 2007-06-26 2007-06-26
PCT/US2008/068304 WO2009003088A2 (en) 2007-06-26 2008-06-26 Rounded cutter pocket having reduced stressed concentration

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2173962A2 EP2173962A2 (de) 2010-04-14
EP2173962B1 true EP2173962B1 (de) 2012-03-07

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08772009A Not-in-force EP2173962B1 (de) 2007-06-26 2008-06-26 Abgerundete schneidvorrichtungstasche mit verminderter spannungskonzentration

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20090000827A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2173962B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE548538T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2688549A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2009003088A2 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7836980B2 (en) * 2007-08-13 2010-11-23 Baker Hughes Incorporated Earth-boring tools having pockets for receiving cutting elements and methods for forming earth-boring tools including such pockets
US8943663B2 (en) 2009-04-15 2015-02-03 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods of forming and repairing cutting element pockets in earth-boring tools with depth-of-cut control features, and tools and structures formed by such methods
CN103492661A (zh) 2011-04-26 2014-01-01 史密斯国际有限公司 具有圆锥形端部的多晶金刚石压实体切割器
US9303460B2 (en) * 2012-02-03 2016-04-05 Baker Hughes Incorporated Cutting element retention for high exposure cutting elements on earth-boring tools

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5558170A (en) * 1992-12-23 1996-09-24 Baroid Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for improving drill bit stability
US5333699A (en) * 1992-12-23 1994-08-02 Baroid Technology, Inc. Drill bit having polycrystalline diamond compact cutter with spherical first end opposite cutting end
US5662183A (en) * 1995-08-15 1997-09-02 Smith International, Inc. High strength matrix material for PDC drag bits
US5737980A (en) * 1996-06-04 1998-04-14 Smith International, Inc. Brazing receptacle for improved PCD cutter retention
US6029760A (en) * 1998-03-17 2000-02-29 Hall; David R. Superhard cutting element utilizing tough reinforcement posts
US6253864B1 (en) * 1998-08-10 2001-07-03 David R. Hall Percussive shearing drill bit
WO2000034002A1 (en) * 1998-12-04 2000-06-15 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Method for applying hardfacing material to a steel bodied bit and bit formed by such a method
US6823952B1 (en) * 2000-10-26 2004-11-30 Smith International, Inc. Structure for polycrystalline diamond insert drill bit body
ES2236562T3 (es) * 2001-08-01 2005-07-16 Techmo Entwicklungs- Und Vertriebs Gmbh Corona de taladrar.
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US7625521B2 (en) * 2003-06-05 2009-12-01 Smith International, Inc. Bonding of cutters in drill bits

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE548538T1 (de) 2012-03-15
CA2688549A1 (en) 2008-12-31
WO2009003088A2 (en) 2008-12-31
EP2173962A2 (de) 2010-04-14
US20090000827A1 (en) 2009-01-01
WO2009003088A3 (en) 2009-04-02

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