EP2170554A1 - Outil de surfaçage à qualité optique - Google Patents
Outil de surfaçage à qualité optiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP2170554A1 EP2170554A1 EP08826875A EP08826875A EP2170554A1 EP 2170554 A1 EP2170554 A1 EP 2170554A1 EP 08826875 A EP08826875 A EP 08826875A EP 08826875 A EP08826875 A EP 08826875A EP 2170554 A1 EP2170554 A1 EP 2170554A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- interface
- belt
- tool
- end surface
- tool according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001481789 Rupicapra Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D9/00—Wheels or drums supporting in exchangeable arrangement a layer of flexible abrasive material, e.g. sandpaper
- B24D9/08—Circular back-plates for carrying flexible material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
- B24B13/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor by means of tools with abrading surfaces corresponding in shape with the lenses to be made
Definitions
- the invention relates to optical quality surfacing, for surfaces such as a face of an ophthalmic lens or a camera lens or an instrument for observing objects. remote or one side of a semiconductor substrate.
- Surfacing means any operation to modify the state of a previously shaped surface. These include polishing, grinding or etching operations to modify (decrease or increase) the roughness of the surface and / or to reduce the undulation.
- a tool for surfacing an optical surface comprising: a rigid support having a transverse end surface; an elastically compressible interface secured to the rigid support and having a first end transverse surface, a second end transverse surface and a lateral surface extending from the periphery of the first end surface to the periphery of the second surface; end, said first end surface of the interface being applied against and covering said end surface of the rigid support; as well as a flexible pad adapted to be applied against the optical surface and which is applied against and covers at least in part the second end surface of the interface opposite and to the right of said end surface of the support rigid.
- the tool In order to reduce the roughness of the optical surface, the tool is brought into contact with the latter while maintaining sufficient tool pressure on it so that, by deformation of the interface, the pad conforms to the shape of the optical surface. . While watering the optical surface with a fluid, it is rotated relative to the tool (or reciprocally) and is scanned by means of the latter.
- the optical surface is rotated, its friction against the tool being sufficient to jointly drive it in rotation.
- the surfacing operation requires an abrasive that can be contained in the buffer or in the fluid.
- the elastically compressible interface compensates for the difference in curvature between the end surface of the tool support and the optical surface.
- the aim of the invention is to provide a surfacing tool which is particularly efficient in terms of minimizing appearance defects.
- an optical quality surfacing tool comprising: a rigid support having a transverse end surface; an elastically compressible interface secured to the rigid support and having a first end transverse surface, a second end transverse surface and a lateral surface extending from the periphery of the first end surface to the periphery of the second surface; end, said first end surface of the interface being applied against and covering said end surface of the rigid support; as well as a flexible pad which can be applied against a surface to be worked and which is applied against and covers at least in part the second end surface of the interface opposite and to the right of said end surface of the rigid support; characterized in that a flexible belt is applied against and partially overlies the lateral surface of the interface, said belt extending from the periphery of said pad to a free end, an annular portion of said lateral surface of the interface being free between said free end of said belt and the first end surface of the interface.
- the flexible belt opposes the lateral extension of the interface.
- the flexible belt forces the pressure to be distributed relatively uniformly under the surfacing tool and in particular at the edges where the peaks of pressure are avoided.
- the flexible nature of the belt also contributes to this deformation capacity while the location of the belt between the periphery of the buffer and the free annular portion of the lateral surface of the buffer is particularly advantageous for limiting the lateral bulge taken by the buffer when the The tool is subjected to an application force towards the surface to be worked, and this especially as the diameter of the tool is high.
- the tool according to the invention has a better behavior than the previous tools, which do not have a flexible belt.
- the tool according to the invention also makes it possible, all other conditions being equal, to implement more effective surfacing parameters, and in particular to increase the pressure and the speed.
- said belt is made in one piece with the pad.
- said belt is formed by a folded edge at the periphery of the pad; said belt has V-shaped notches pointing to said buffer; the tool comprises a cup-shaped shell whose bottom wall forms said buffer and whose side wall forms said belt; said interface is of material molded on said shell; said belt is glued to said interface; said belt is made of material molded on said interface; said interface comprises a plate of elastically compressible material, but more rigid than the body which forms the remainder of said interface, said plate being interposed between said buffer and said body; said body has a peripheral portion which surrounds said wafer; and / or said peripheral portion of the interface has a sloped edge between said second end surface and said side surface.
- the distance between said end of said belt and said first end surface is between 30% and 70% of the distance between said first end surface and said second end surface. end surface of the interface.
- said tool further comprising elastic return means disposed between said rigid support and the periphery of said interface.
- FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a first embodiment of a surfacing tool according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is a view similar to Figure 1, but in section;
- FIGS. 3 and 4 are views similar to FIG. 2, but showing how the tool is deformed when it is subjected to a displacement force along the surface to be worked and when it is subjected to an effort of application to the work surface, respectively;
- - Figures 5 and 6 are views similar to Figures 3 and 4, respectively, but for a tool according to the state of the art;
- FIG. 7 and 8 are views similar to Figures 2 and 6, respectively, for a second embodiment of the tool according to the invention
- - Figures 9 and 10 are views similar to Figure 7, respectively for a first and a second variant of the second embodiment of the tool according to the invention
- FIG. 11 is a view similar to Figure 1 for a variant of the first embodiment of the tool according to the invention.
- - Figure 12 shows in isolation the shell that includes this variant of the tool to form the flexible buffer and the flexible belt.
- the tool 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4 comprises a rigid support 11, an elastically compressible interface 12, a flexible buffer 13 and a flexible belt 14.
- the support 11, and more generally the tool 10, is generally cylindrical with symmetry of revolution and has an axis of symmetry denoted X which defines a so-called longitudinal direction.
- the support 11 has an end surface 15.
- the interface 12 has a first end surface 16, a second end surface 17 and a side surface 18 extending from the periphery of the surface 16 to the periphery of the surface 17.
- the surface 15 extends transversely and here is plane.
- the interface 12 and the buffer 13 have the general shape of a disc of the same diameter as the surface 15, with the thickness of the interface 12 which is higher than the thickness of the buffer 13.
- the interface 12 by its surface 16, is applied against and covers the surface 15 of the support 11.
- the buffer 13 is applied against and covers the surface 17 of the interface 12.
- the support 11 and the buffer 13 are located on either side of the interface 12.
- the belt 14 extends from the periphery of the buffer 13 to a free end 20, an annular portion 21 of the surface lateral 18 being free between the end 20 of the belt 14 and the surface 16 of the interface 12.
- the belt 14 and the pad 13 are obtained from a flexible material disc of uniform thickness, an annular peripheral band, intended to become the belt 14, has at regular intervals notches which become the notches 22 when the annular band is raised to become the belt 14.
- the notches 22 have a V-shaped contour pointing to the pad 13.
- the support 11 has a cavity 25 opening away from the end surface 15 and extending axially over a portion of the thickness of the support 11.
- the cavity 25 is centrally disposed and is provided for mounting the tool 10 on the spindle head of a surfacing machine.
- the cavity 25 has a spherical portion 26 generally formed as three quarters of a sphere, an annular rib 27 and a frustoconical portion 28, the annular rib 27 being disposed between the portions 26 and 28.
- the spindle head intended to be accommodated in the cavity 25 has a spherical portion end shaped as the portion 26 and a cylindrical portion of smaller diameter than the rib 27.
- the assembly between the support 11 and the spindle of the machine is made by simple snapping, the rib being able to deform so that the spherical portion of the spindle head is housed in the portion 26.
- the tool 10 When the spindle head is engaged in the cavity 25, the tool 10 cooperates in ball joint relation to the spindle.
- the tool 10 is shown applied to an optical surface 30 which is planar, but it is understood that in practice an optical surface is curved (concave or convex).
- the lens 31 to which the surface 30 belongs is mounted on a rotatable support (not shown) and the tool 10 is applied against the surface 30 with sufficient force for the pad 13 to conform to its shape.
- the tool 10 is here, for its part, free in rotation while being off-center with respect to the optical surface 30.
- the relative friction of the optical surface 30 and the pad 13 is sufficient to rotate the tool 10 in the same direction as that of the lens 31, about the axis X of symmetry of the support 11.
- the optical surface 30 is sprinkled with a non-abrasive or abrasive watering medium, depending on whether or not the pad performs this function.
- the tool 10 In order to scan the entire optical surface 2, the tool 10 is moved during the surfacing along a radial path, the point of intersection of the axis of rotation X of the tool 11 with the optical surface 11 effecting a surface. movement back and forth between two cusp points.
- the tool 11 is subjected, relative to the lens 31, both to application forces to the surface to be worked 30 and to displacement forces along this surface.
- FIG. 3 shows how the tool 10 is deformed when this tool is subjected to a displacement force 40 along the surface to be worked 30.
- the interface 12 which is elastically compressible, as well as the pad 13 and the belt 14, which are flexible, are liable to deform.
- the exercise of the displacement force 40 tends to create a transverse shift between the pad 13 and the support 11.
- the pad 13 is slightly offset relative to the support 11 to the left of the drawing.
- FIG. 4 shows how the tool 10 is deformed when this tool is subjected to an application force 41 towards the surface to be worked 30.
- the force 41 has a tendency to compress the interface 12 and, consequently, has a tendency to make the lateral surface 18 adopt a convex shape which results in a shearing effect in the vicinity of this lateral surface.
- the deformation of the lateral surface 18 remains moderate, the belt 14 opposing the deformation of the surface 18.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 there is shown the distribution 32 of the pressure exerted by the tool 10 on the surface 30. It is seen that this pressure is relatively uniform with a slight growth towards the periphery of the tool.
- the tool 10 'illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6 is similar to the tool 10 except that it does not comprise a belt 14. The same reference numerals as for the tool 10 have been used but assigned to 'Exhibitors '.
- FIG. 5 shows how the tool 10 'is deformed when it is subjected to the displacement force 40.
- FIG. 6 shows how the tool 10 'is deformed when subjected to the application force 41 towards the surface 30.
- the portion 21 of the lateral surface 18 which remains free between the end 20 of the belt 14 and the transverse surface 16 of the interface 12, the latter retains a deformation capacity sufficient for the pad 13 to conform to the shape of the surface 30.
- the distance between the end 20 and the transverse surface 16 is slightly greater than half the thickness (distance between the surfaces 16 and 17) of the interface 12 absence of constraint.
- the tool 10 also allows, all other conditions being equal, to implement more effective surfacing parameters, and in particular to increase the pressure and the speed.
- the interface 112, the buffer 113 and the belt 114 are arranged as the interface 12, the buffer 13 and the belt 14, except that their diameter is much greater than that of the rigid support 111 and if it It is provided that elastic return means 50 and a deformable ring 51 interposed between the interface 112 and the return means 50.
- the ring 51 is applied on the peripheral portion 112b on the same side as the support 111 so that it is surrounded by the ring 51.
- the ring 51 is toroidal and arranged concentrically with the support 111.
- the return means 50 are in the form of a star-shaped part comprising a central part and a plurality of branches each forming an elastically flexible strip extending radially in a transverse plane.
- the tool 110 'illustrated in FIG. 8 is similar to the tool 101 except it does not have a belt 114.
- the same numerical references as for the tool 101 have been used, but assigned to Exhibitors '.
- the tool 101 ' is described in particular in the French patent application
- the removal of material takes place in majority to the right of the end surface 115', that is to say that the removal of material is carried out essentially by the part 113a 'of the buffer 113'.
- the peripheral parts 113b 'and 112b' of the buffer 113 and of the interface 112 they essentially have a stabilizing role, on the one hand, thanks to the increase in lift or seating of the tool 110 'with respect to a conventional tool whose buffer and interface would be limited to the central portions 113a 'and 112a' and, secondly, thanks to the return means 50 which maintain a permanent contact between the peripheral portion 113b 'of the buffer 113 and the surface optical 30.
- the belt 114 makes it possible to avoid these pressure peaks and to have, in the vicinity of the lateral surface 118, a pressure distribution having a shape close to the pressure distribution 32 in the vicinity of the side wall 18 of the tool 10
- the belt 114 thus provides the tool 110 with beneficial effects similar to those provided to the tool 10 by the belt 14, both with regard to the behavior with respect to the force 41 applied to the tool. surface 30 than vis-à-vis the effort 40 of displacement vis-à-vis this surface.
- the wafer 55 is interposed between the buffer 113 and the body 56, except for a peripheral portion 57 which surrounds the wafer 55.
- the interface 112 is sufficiently compressible to fit the surface to be worked and to have, at the end surface 117, sufficient strength to allow the use of a particularly flexible buffer 113.
- the peripheral portion 57 allows the periphery of the interface 112 to keep a deformation capacity avoiding edge effects.
- the second variant of the tool 110 illustrated in FIG. 10 is similar to that illustrated in FIG. 9, except that the peripheral portion 57 of the body 56 has a chamfer 58 for cutting the edge between the surface of the end 117 and the side surface 118.
- the chamfer 57 is favorable to the quality of the surface condition that can be obtained by the tool 110.
- the chamfer 110 is replaced by a fillet ring.
- the mode of cooperation between the elastic return means such as 50 and the interface such that 112 is different, with for example the ring 51 which is replaced by a continuous peripheral part of the star part 50, as described in the French patent application 2,857,610 to which corresponds the US patent application 2006/0154581.
- a plate such as 55 and / or a sloped edge such as 58 are provided in a tool such as 10.
- the pad 13 and the belt 14 are made in one piece by preforming a suitable material to give a cup-shaped shell 60 whose base wall form the buffer 13 and whose side wall forms the belt 14.
- a shell such as 60 is particularly useful for hard-to-fold materials that do not lend themselves to a belt such as 14 or 114 by raising the edges of a disk made of such material.
- the subjection of the cup-shaped shell with the interface such as 12 or 112 is achieved by gluing, if this interface is manufactured separately, or directly when obtaining the interface by molding the latter in the shell.
- the assembly formed by the buffer such as 13 or 113 and the belt such as 14 or 114 is obtained by overmolding the interface such as 12 or 112.
- the buffer and the belt are for example of hard polyurethane foam of the LP type.
- the interface such as 12 or 112 is for example made of polyurethane foam with a density of 220 Kg / m 3 and a thickness of 9 to 12 mm.
- the optical surface 30 has been shown to be flat in the drawings to simplify the disclosure.
- the optical surface 30 is not flat, but curved, with a shape that can be particularly complex, for example if it is one of the faces of a progressive lens of correction of the vision of a presbyopic, myopic and astigmatic carrier Similarly, the deformations resulting from a displacement force 40 of the tool with respect to the optical surface and an application force 21 towards this surface, but it is understood that in practice, these two types of effort are exercised simultaneously.
- the tool according to the invention can be used to surface, at optical quality, non-optical surfaces, for example one of the faces of a wafer of semiconductor material.
- the buffer such as 13 or 113 does not cover the entire surface such as 17 or 117, for example because the pad is shaped in bloom with a solid core of which radially extend petals.
- the buffer such as 13 or 113 and the belt 14 or 114 are not made in one piece but in two separate parts respectively subject to the end surface such as 17 or 117 and the lateral surface such as 18 or 118.
- the cooperation between the surfacing tool and the spindle head of the machine is to face other than a cavity such as 25 or 125; and / or the tool is rotated by the spindle on which it is mounted, for example by means of a universal joint.
- the end surface such as 15 or 115 of the support such as 11 or 111 is concave or convex, instead of being flat.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
- Turning (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0756525A FR2918911B1 (fr) | 2007-07-16 | 2007-07-16 | Outil de surfacage a qualite optique |
PCT/FR2008/000925 WO2009016295A1 (fr) | 2007-07-16 | 2008-06-30 | Outil de surfaçage à qualité optique |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2170554A1 true EP2170554A1 (fr) | 2010-04-07 |
EP2170554B1 EP2170554B1 (fr) | 2011-01-12 |
Family
ID=39099940
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08826875A Active EP2170554B1 (fr) | 2007-07-16 | 2008-06-30 | Outil de surfaçage à qualité optique |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8408976B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2170554B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN101743093B (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE494986T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2008281671B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2692488C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE602008004533D1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2918911B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2009016295A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8696412B2 (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2014-04-15 | Zenni Optical, Inc. | Polishing instrument for optical components |
DE102012103743A1 (de) * | 2012-04-27 | 2013-10-31 | Schneider Gmbh & Co. Kg | Polierfolie für Kunststoff-Brillengläser |
BR112016008853B1 (pt) | 2013-10-25 | 2022-10-04 | Essilor International | Ferramenta de surfaçagem de qualidade óptica e máquina de surfaçagem |
PT3272457T (pt) * | 2016-07-21 | 2019-06-27 | Delamare Sovra | Um método para fabricação em série de ferramentas de polimento de grau ótico |
EP3272458B1 (fr) * | 2016-07-21 | 2019-03-27 | Delamare Sovra | Procédé de fabrication en série d'outils de polissage de qualité optique |
EP3272456B1 (fr) * | 2016-07-21 | 2019-03-13 | Delamare Sovra | Procédé de fabrication en série d'outils de polissage de qualité optique |
FR3059921B1 (fr) | 2016-12-09 | 2019-05-24 | Essilor International | Outil de surfacage a qualite optique |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2282650A (en) * | 1941-05-01 | 1942-05-12 | American Sandpaper Company | Abrasive article |
US2309836A (en) * | 1941-11-26 | 1943-02-02 | American Sandpaper Company | Abrasive article |
US2990664A (en) * | 1958-09-02 | 1961-07-04 | Plastic Contact Lens Company | Method for finishing contact lenses |
US3897657A (en) * | 1970-11-24 | 1975-08-05 | Joseph H Smith | Method of manufacturing contact lenses and apparatus therefor |
US4979337A (en) * | 1986-10-03 | 1990-12-25 | Duppstadt Arthur G | Polishing tool for contact lenses and associated method |
US5095660A (en) * | 1988-10-25 | 1992-03-17 | Dillon Laurence A | Polishing means for lens generating apparatus |
CN2085282U (zh) * | 1991-03-09 | 1991-09-25 | 吴仲培 | 微型磨光机 |
US5310455A (en) * | 1992-07-10 | 1994-05-10 | Lsi Logic Corporation | Techniques for assembling polishing pads for chemi-mechanical polishing of silicon wafers |
US6458018B1 (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 2002-10-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article suitable for abrading glass and glass ceramic workpieces |
JP3787457B2 (ja) | 1999-05-10 | 2006-06-21 | キヤノン株式会社 | 研磨工具 |
US6875090B2 (en) * | 1999-12-01 | 2005-04-05 | Gerber Coburn Optical, Inc. | Apparatus for finishing optical surfaces, including a pad compensation device |
FR2834662B1 (fr) * | 2002-01-16 | 2004-05-14 | Essilor Int | Outil pour le surfacage d'une surface optique |
FR2857610B1 (fr) * | 2003-07-16 | 2006-03-17 | Essilor Int | Outil pour le surfacade d'une surface optique |
EP1655102B1 (fr) * | 2004-11-09 | 2008-01-09 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Outil de polissage élastique et méthode de polissage d'une lentille utilisant cet outil |
-
2007
- 2007-07-16 FR FR0756525A patent/FR2918911B1/fr active Active
-
2008
- 2008-06-30 CA CA2692488A patent/CA2692488C/fr active Active
- 2008-06-30 DE DE602008004533T patent/DE602008004533D1/de active Active
- 2008-06-30 EP EP08826875A patent/EP2170554B1/fr active Active
- 2008-06-30 AU AU2008281671A patent/AU2008281671B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-06-30 AT AT08826875T patent/ATE494986T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-06-30 CN CN2008800247721A patent/CN101743093B/zh active Active
- 2008-06-30 WO PCT/FR2008/000925 patent/WO2009016295A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2008-06-30 US US12/669,051 patent/US8408976B2/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2009016295A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20100178858A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
FR2918911B1 (fr) | 2009-10-16 |
FR2918911A1 (fr) | 2009-01-23 |
CA2692488C (fr) | 2014-12-23 |
US8408976B2 (en) | 2013-04-02 |
WO2009016295A1 (fr) | 2009-02-05 |
ATE494986T1 (de) | 2011-01-15 |
DE602008004533D1 (de) | 2011-02-24 |
CN101743093A (zh) | 2010-06-16 |
AU2008281671A1 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
EP2170554B1 (fr) | 2011-01-12 |
CN101743093B (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
CA2692488A1 (fr) | 2009-02-05 |
AU2008281671B2 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
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