EP2167767B1 - Device for actuating the closure of a movable part - Google Patents
Device for actuating the closure of a movable part Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2167767B1 EP2167767B1 EP20080760291 EP08760291A EP2167767B1 EP 2167767 B1 EP2167767 B1 EP 2167767B1 EP 20080760291 EP20080760291 EP 20080760291 EP 08760291 A EP08760291 A EP 08760291A EP 2167767 B1 EP2167767 B1 EP 2167767B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bearing unit
- grip
- axis
- grip end
- retaining element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B85/00—Details of vehicle locks not provided for in groups E05B77/00 - E05B83/00
- E05B85/10—Handles
- E05B85/14—Handles pivoted about an axis parallel to the wing
- E05B85/16—Handles pivoted about an axis parallel to the wing a longitudinal grip part being pivoted at one end about an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the grip part
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B77/00—Vehicle locks characterised by special functions or purposes
- E05B77/02—Vehicle locks characterised by special functions or purposes for accident situations
- E05B77/04—Preventing unwanted lock actuation, e.g. unlatching, at the moment of collision
- E05B77/06—Preventing unwanted lock actuation, e.g. unlatching, at the moment of collision by means of inertial forces
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T292/00—Closure fasteners
- Y10T292/57—Operators with knobs or handles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for actuating a closure of a movable part of a motor vehicle, in particular a door or tailgate or the like, with a carrier, which is fastened to the inside of the movable part, a bearing unit which is pivotable about a first axis provided on the carrier , and a handle member having first and second handle ends, wherein the first and second handle ends are disposed on the bearing unit.
- a device is described with a mountable from the inside of the door of the motor vehicle in the area of the door outer panel carrier.
- the carrier has a bearing pin for a bearing seat, which is located in a storage unit.
- a handle is provided, with its first and second handle end with the pivotable about an axis Storage unit is coupled.
- the bearing unit is designed here as an over the entire length of the handle extending rocker.
- the assembly process of the handle to the rocker is done by a Einrenkamba with two movement phases. First, the handle is moved in a Einsteckphase perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the rocker. Subsequently, the handle is moved in a displacement phase parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rocker.
- the first handle end of the handle here consists of a projecting pin which engages in a formed as a pin hole counter-coupling part of the rocker.
- the described phases of motion during assembly designed as expensive.
- the invention provides that the bearing unit is designed with a holding element spaced from the first axis, on which the first handle end is arranged, wherein the first handle end at least partially surrounds the holding element.
- the bearing unit is simplified in its construction. At the same time the assembly effort is reduced, since only the first end of the handle without complicated movement phases, which are necessary in the prior art, must be guided to the holding element, wherein the first end of the handle such the holding element in a region of its cross-section that reliable positioning of the handle element on moving part is ensured.
- the first handle end on the holding element pivotally. This facilitates the assembly process of the handle element. After the first handle end is arranged on the holding element, in particular rests, can be achieved manually via a pivoting movement about the holding element, the final position of the handle element. Subsequently, for example, the second end of the handle can be positively and / or positively and / or firmly attached to the storage unit.
- the holding element extends parallel to the first axis about which the bearing unit is pivotable.
- the bearing unit is in this case designed as a kind of "rocker", which moves inside the door as a “companion" of the handle.
- the carrier can be prefabricated with the storage unit as a unit and attached to the inside of the moving part.
- the bearing unit is mounted free of play on the carrier.
- the holding element with the storage unit forms a one-piece component.
- this component may be an injection molded part made of metal, in particular aluminum.
- a plastic material can be used alternatively.
- the holding element has at least one positioning means, whereby an improved horizontal mounting of the first handle end can be achieved. This can additionally be effected that an undesirable Kippbewegige the handle element is excluded.
- the positioning means causes the first handle end, in particular the handle element, to be held reliably in the horizontal position in each of its possible positions. Thus, unwanted friction during actuation of the grip element can be effectively avoided. While the user actuates the gripping element, according to the invention, the gripping element with the bearing unit around the first axis pivoted, wherein the first and the second end of the handle immovably, are fixed to the bearing unit, and mitverschwenkt together with the bearing unit about the first axis.
- the positioning means serves to fix the first handle end in the correct position on the holding element.
- the positioning means may be formed by a groove formed on the holding element. The first end of the grip is hereby received by the groove, wherein the grip end abuts the Nutwandungen and thus a reliable horizontal storage of the first end of the handle is guaranteed.
- the first axis is formed by a pin on which the bearing unit is pivotally mounted.
- the one end of the bearing unit preferably forms a closed bearing on the first axis.
- the pin may extend through bearing bores of the bearing unit, wherein the pin, which may be cylindrical, is attached at its free ends to the carrier.
- a measure improving the invention can provide that the first end of the grip is open on one side as a slot, wherein the first end of the grip comprises the retaining element at least partially.
- the assembly effort of the arrangement of the first handle end on the holding element is thereby substantially simplified.
- tolerances for example, in the injection molding of the relevant components, such as handle element, storage unit, ect. or which may arise in the event of temperature fluctuations, can be effectively compensated for via said slot at the first end of the grip.
- the handle element is guided from the outside through openings of the movable part of the bearing unit in one of the last assembly steps, wherein a reliable fixing of the first and second handle end takes place on the storage unit.
- this assembly takes place at defined temperatures.
- the unilaterally open region of the first handle end is aligned with the first axis.
- the slot of the first end of the handle is held on the holding element of the bearing unit, wherein advantageously no additional fastening means for the handle element in the region of the first handle end is necessary.
- the unilaterally open region of the first handle end is aligned with the interior of the motor vehicle.
- the first end of the handle can be fastened to the holding element via additional latching elements.
- an outlet leading to the closure is provided on the bearing unit and / or on the grip element.
- the closure of the movable part of the motor vehicle is actuated via the outlet, in particular opened when an unlocking position is present in the closure.
- the lock cylinder of the device according to the invention may be connected to an additional outlet, which acts upon actuation of the lock cylinder on the closure and this locks or unlocked. The departure can be realized for example via a Bowden cable.
- a rotatably mounted on a second axis of rotation coupling element may be provided, on which a closure leading to the outlet acts and the coupling element is in operative connection with the bearing unit.
- the bearing unit Upon actuation of the grip element, the bearing unit is simultaneously pivoted about the first axis, wherein the bearing unit moves the coupling element, whereby the outlet is moved via the coupling element.
- the bearing unit with the handle element from a first position to a second position and vice versa pivoted. The first position is the rest position.
- an actuation of the closure is triggered for opening the movable part, wherein the handle element has been previously moved by a defined angular range from the movable part about the first axis of rotation.
- the bearing unit preferably contacts a first stop element in its first position. In the second position, the bearing unit in the second position can touch a second stop element.
- the abovementioned stop elements can be integrated, for example, on the stationary carrier.
- a spring element is provided which is in operative connection with the coupling element and the bearing unit, wherein in the second position of the bearing unit, the spring element exerts such a restoring force that the bearing unit is independently movable to its first position.
- the coupling element may preferably be designed with a receptacle in which the outlet is held. The departure can be attached at its one end form and / or force and / or cohesive to said recording.
- At least one mass balance weight is integrated in the device according to the invention.
- a particularly compact design is achieved in that the mass balance weight is integrated on the coupling element.
- the device according to the invention is monitored by control electronics.
- control electronics For safety reasons, it may be advantageous be, if in addition to the detection of the position of the bearing unit and the positions of the handle element or the coupling element are detected. This can be done, for example, via sensors, in particular magnetic field sensors, which detect the magnetic field of a permanent magnet attached to the coupling element, to the bearing unit or to the grip element.
- a device 10 according to the invention for actuating a closure of a motor vehicle door 12 is shown.
- the device 10 has a fixed support 11 which is fixed to the inside of the movable door 12.
- a first axis 13 is provided, on which a bearing unit 20 is pivotally mounted.
- the bearing unit 20 is as a kind of rocker executed.
- the handle member 40 has a first and a second handle end 41, 42, wherein the second handle end 42 is attached to the free end 23 of the bearing unit 20.
- the bearing unit 20 is designed with a holding element 24 spaced from the first axis 13, on which the first handle end 41 is arranged, the first handle end 41 at least partially surrounding the holding element 24.
- the first handle end 41 is open on one side as an elongated hole, wherein the first handle end 41 with its slot comprises the first axis 13 at least partially.
- the first axis 13 has a pin 13 a, which is arranged on the left region of the carrier 11.
- the bearing unit 20 is pivotally mounted about the pin 13a, wherein the pin 13a extends through bores of the bearing unit 20, not shown.
- the bearing unit 20 is pivoted about the first axis 13 about the second end of the handle 42. Since the bearing unit 20 and the grip element 40 move in parallel, there is no relative movement between the two named components 20, 40, so that no friction between the two components 20, 40 can take place.
- the first handle end 41 on the holding element 24 is pivotable.
- the first handle end 41 is guided to the holding element 24, and then the second handle end 42 is moved about a pivoting movement of the handle member 40 to the support member 24 to the bearing unit 20, then the second handle end 42 is attached.
- This may be, for example, a positive and / or positive and / or cohesive connection.
- the second handle end 42 is connected via a screw connection 25 to the bearing unit 20, which is not explicitly shown.
- the holding element 24 extends parallel to the first axis 13.
- the holding element 24 forms with the bearing unit 20 is a one-piece component.
- the holding member 24 serves as a reinforcement in the storage unit 20.
- the unilaterally open region of the first handle end 41 is aligned with the first axis 13. This means that the slot of the first handle end 41 faces the first axis 13.
- the unilaterally open area of the first handle end 41 may be aligned with the interior of the motor vehicle, which in Fig. 6 is shown in schematic representation.
- a screw connection 25 is provided which fixes the first handle end 41 on the holding element 24 reliably.
- no additional fastening means necessary to fix the first handle end 41 on the holding element 24.
- FIG. 1 to 4 an outlet leading to the closure 14 is shown.
- the outlet 14 is provided on a coupling element 30 which is rotatably mounted on a further axis of rotation 15, wherein the coupling element 30 is in operative connection with the bearing unit 20.
- the outlet 14 leading to the closure may be provided on the bearing unit 20 or on the grip element 40 or even on the stationary support 11.
- the bearing unit 20 has an end face 21 which faces the handle member 40.
- the pivotable about the second axis of rotation 15 coupling element 30 is formed with a contact portion 31 on which the end face 21 acts during the movement of the bearing unit 20.
- the bearing unit 20 with the handle member 40 from a first position (see Fig. 3 ) to a second position (see Fig. 4 ) and vice versa pivoted.
- the first position is the rest position.
- the outlet 14 is actuated, whereby a not explicitly shown closure of the motor vehicle can be opened when an unlocking position already exists in the closure. In this way, the vehicle door 12 opens.
- the outlet 14 is a Bowden cable in the present embodiment, which extends to the closure.
- the outlet 14 is held on a receptacle 33 which forms the same material with the coupling element 30 a common component which is movable about the second axis of rotation 15.
- the roller-like receptacle 33 is designed with a groove 33a in which the outlet 14, in particular the Bowden cable, is guided and held.
- the bearing unit 20 is pivoted about the first axis of rotation 13.
- the end face 21 presses against the contact region 31 of the coupling element 30, as a result of which the coupling element 30 rotates about the second axis of rotation 15.
- the contact region 31 of the coupling element 30 rolls on the end face 21.
- the contact region 31, which bears against the end face 21 of the bearing unit 20 has a defined distance from the second rotation axis 15.
- the receptacle 33 While the coupling element 30 rotates about the second axis of rotation 15, the receptacle 33 also moves in the same direction of rotation, wherein the Bowden cable 14 is wound on the receptacle 33 by a certain amount. This creates a tensile force on the outlet 14, which acts directly on the closure.
- the carrier 11 is attached to the pivotable bearing unit 20 on the inside of the door 12.
- the grip element 40 is attached only later to the rocker 20 and to the first axis 13, and from the outside of the door 12 from.
- the carrier 11 has a first and a second stop element 16a, 16b.
- the bearing unit 20 rests with its right area in its first position on the first stop element 16a.
- the device according to the invention has a spring element 32, which is in operative connection with the coupling element 30 and the bearing unit 20.
- the spring element 32 exerts in the second position of the bearing unit 20 such a restoring force that the bearing unit 20 is automatically in its first position according to Fig. 1 emotional.
- the coupling element 30 has a pin 35, on which the spring element 32 is attached (see Fig. 2 ).
- the coupling element 30 is further formed with two mass balance weights 34, which are moved during the movement of the bearing unit 20 from the first to the second position about the second axis of rotation 15.
- These mass balance weights 34 serve to prevent the bearing unit 20 from being accidentally pushed into its second position in the event of a side impact due to the centrifugal forces that occur, as a result of which an undesired opening operation of the door 12 would be triggered.
- the mass balance weights 34 counteract the centrifugal forces acting, so that a movement of the bearing unit 20 about the first axis of rotation 13 in the direction of the second position is excluded.
- a further embodiment of the invention is shown, wherein the holding element 24 has at least one positioning means 22, whereby a horizontal mounting of the first handle end 41 can be achieved.
- the positioning means 22 is formed by a groove 24 a formed on the holding element 24.
- the groove 24a takes in this case the first handle end 41 reliably.
- the remaining arrangement of the device according to the invention substantially corresponds to the embodiment according to Fig.1 to Fig. 4 , While the handle member 40 is actuated by the user, the bearing unit 20 pivots about the rotation axis 13, the groove 24a holding the first handle end 41 in its horizontal position.
- the carrier 11 is further designed with an opening 36 in which a lock cylinder (not shown) is inserted into the carrier 11 and fastened there. Also, the lock cylinder may have a departure, which acts upon actuation of the lock cylinder on the closure and this locks or unlocked.
Landscapes
- Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
- Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
- Toilet Supplies (AREA)
- Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Betätigen eines Verschlusses eines beweglichen Teils eines Kraftfahrzeuges, insbesondere einer Tür oder Heckklappe oder dergleichen, mit einem Träger, der an der Innenseite des beweglichen Teils befestigbar ist, einer Lagereinheit, die um eine am Träger vorgesehene erste Achse schwenkbar ist, und einem Griffelement, das ein erstes und ein zweites Griffende aufweist, wobei das erste und das zweite Griffende an der Lagereinheit angeordnet sind.The invention relates to a device for actuating a closure of a movable part of a motor vehicle, in particular a door or tailgate or the like, with a carrier, which is fastened to the inside of the movable part, a bearing unit which is pivotable about a first axis provided on the carrier , and a handle member having first and second handle ends, wherein the first and second handle ends are disposed on the bearing unit.
In der
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Vorrichtung der genannten Art zu schaffen, bei der die genannten Nachteile vermieden werden, insbesondere eine Vorrichtung bereit gestellt wird, bei der der Montageaufwand des Griffelementes gering gehalten werden kann.It is an object of the present invention to provide a device of the type mentioned, in which the disadvantages mentioned are avoided, in particular a device is provided, in which the assembly effort of the handle element can be kept low.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 vorgeschlagen. In den abhängigen Ansprüchen sind bevorzugte Weiterbildungen ausgeführt.To solve this problem, a device having the features of claim 1 is proposed. In the dependent claims preferred developments are carried out.
Dazu ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass die Lagereinheit mit einem zur ersten Achse beabstandeten Halteelement ausgeführt ist, an dem das erste Griffende angeordnet ist, wobei das erste Griffende zumindest teilweise das Halteelement umgibt.For this purpose, the invention provides that the bearing unit is designed with a holding element spaced from the first axis, on which the first handle end is arranged, wherein the first handle end at least partially surrounds the holding element.
Im Gegensatz zum genannten Stand der Technik ist die Lagereinheit in ihrer Konstruktion vereinfacht. Gleichzeitig wird der Montageaufwand reduziert, da lediglich das erste Griffende ohne komplizierte Bewegungsphasen, die im Stand der Technik notwendig sind, zum Halteelement geführt werden muss, wobei das erste Griffende derart das Halteelement in einem Bereich seines Querschnittes umfasst, dass eine zuverlässige Positionierung des Griffelementes am beweglichen Teil gewährleistet ist. Vorteilhafterweise ist bei der Montage des Griffelementes an die Lagereinheit das erste Griffende am Halteelement schwenkbar. Hierdurch erleichtert sich der Montagevorgang des Griffelementes. Nachdem das erste Griffende am Halteelement angeordnet ist, insbesondere anliegt, kann über eine Schwenkbewegung um das Halteelement die endgültige Position des Griffelementes manuell erzielt werden. Anschließend kann beispielsweise das zweite Griffende form- und/oder kraft- und/oder stoffschlüssig an der Lagereinheit befestigt werden.In contrast to the cited prior art, the bearing unit is simplified in its construction. At the same time the assembly effort is reduced, since only the first end of the handle without complicated movement phases, which are necessary in the prior art, must be guided to the holding element, wherein the first end of the handle such the holding element in a region of its cross-section that reliable positioning of the handle element on moving part is ensured. Advantageously, in the assembly of the handle element to the bearing unit, the first handle end on the holding element pivotally. This facilitates the assembly process of the handle element. After the first handle end is arranged on the holding element, in particular rests, can be achieved manually via a pivoting movement about the holding element, the final position of the handle element. Subsequently, for example, the second end of the handle can be positively and / or positively and / or firmly attached to the storage unit.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist, dass bei der Montage des Griffelementes das erste Griffende an das Halteelement geführt wird und anschließend über eine Schwenkbewegung des Griffelementes um das Halteelement das zweite Griffende zur Lagereinheit bewegt wird, an der das zweite Griffende befestigbar ist. Vorteilhafterweise verläuft das Halteelement parallel zur ersten Achse, um die die Lagereinheit verschwenkbar ist. Die Lagereinheit ist hierbei als eine Art "Schwinge" ausgebildet, die türinnenseitig als "Begleiter" des Griffes sich bewegt. Um Montagekosten gering zu halten, lässt sich der Träger mit der Lagereinheit als eine Baueinheit vorfertigen und an der Innenseite des beweglichen Teils befestigen. Vorteilhafterweise ist die Lagereinheit am Träger spielfrei gelagert.It is particularly advantageous that during assembly of the handle element, the first end of the handle is guided to the holding element and then the second handle end is moved to the storage unit via a pivoting movement of the handle member to the holding member to which the second end of the handle can be fastened. Advantageously, the holding element extends parallel to the first axis about which the bearing unit is pivotable. The bearing unit is in this case designed as a kind of "rocker", which moves inside the door as a "companion" of the handle. To keep installation costs low, the carrier can be prefabricated with the storage unit as a unit and attached to the inside of the moving part. Advantageously, the bearing unit is mounted free of play on the carrier.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung bildet das Haltelement mit der Lagereinheit ein einstückiges Bauteil. Hierbei kann dieses Bauteil ein Spritzgussteil aus Metall, insbesondere Aluminium, sein. Selbstverständlich ist alternativ ein Kunststoffmaterial einsetzbar.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the holding element with the storage unit forms a one-piece component. In this case, this component may be an injection molded part made of metal, in particular aluminum. Of course, a plastic material can be used alternatively.
In einer besonderen Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung weist das Halteelement mindestens ein Positionierungsmittel auf, wodurch eine verbesserte horizontale Lagerung des ersten Griffendes erzielbar ist. Hierdurch kann zusätzlich bewirkt werden, dass eine unerwünschte Kippbeweglichkeit des Griffelementes ausgeschlossen ist. Das Positionierungsmittel bewirkt, dass das erste Griffende, insbesondere das Griffelement, in jeder seiner möglichen Positionen zuverlässig in der horizontalen Lage gehalten ist. Somit können unerwünschte Reibungen bei einer Betätigung des Griffelementes wirksam vermieden werden. Während der Benutzer das Griffelement betätigt, wird erfindungsgemäß das Griffelement mit der Lagereinheit um die erste Achse verschwenkt, wobei das erste und das zweite Griffende unbeweglich, fest an der Lagereinheit angeordnet sind, und gemeinsam mit der Lagereinheit um die erste Achse mitverschwenkt werden. Des Weiteren dient das Positionierungsmittel dazu, dass das erste Griffende in der korrekten Position am Halteelement befestigbar ist. In einer möglichen Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann das Positionierungsmittel durch eine am Halteelement ausgeführte Nut gebildet sein. Das erste Griffende wird hierbei durch die Nut aufgenommen, wobei das Griffende an den Nutwandungen anliegt und somit eine zuverlässige horizontale Lagerung des ersten Griffendes gewährleistet ist.In a particular embodiment of the device according to the invention, the holding element has at least one positioning means, whereby an improved horizontal mounting of the first handle end can be achieved. This can additionally be effected that an undesirable Kippbeweglichkeit the handle element is excluded. The positioning means causes the first handle end, in particular the handle element, to be held reliably in the horizontal position in each of its possible positions. Thus, unwanted friction during actuation of the grip element can be effectively avoided. While the user actuates the gripping element, according to the invention, the gripping element with the bearing unit around the first axis pivoted, wherein the first and the second end of the handle immovably, are fixed to the bearing unit, and mitverschwenkt together with the bearing unit about the first axis. Furthermore, the positioning means serves to fix the first handle end in the correct position on the holding element. In one possible embodiment of the invention, the positioning means may be formed by a groove formed on the holding element. The first end of the grip is hereby received by the groove, wherein the grip end abuts the Nutwandungen and thus a reliable horizontal storage of the first end of the handle is guaranteed.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist, dass eine Spielpassung zwischen dem Griffende und dem Halteelement besteht. In einer besonderen Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung liegt eine Null-Passung zwischen dem ersten Griffende und dem Halteelement vor. Da sich während der Betätigung des Griffelementes die Lagereinheit mit dem Griffelement gleichzeitig um die erste Achse bewegen, kann keine Reibung zwischen dem ersten Griffende und dem Halteelement sowie dem zweiten Griffende und der Lagereinheit entstehen. Vorzugweise liegt eine spielfreie Klemmung des ersten Griffendes am Haltelement in x, y und z-Richtung vor. Hierdurch können an der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ungewünschte Reibungsstellen vermieden werden.It is particularly advantageous that there is a clearance fit between the handle end and the retaining element. In a particular embodiment of the device according to the invention, there is a zero fit between the first grip end and the retaining element. Since, during the actuation of the grip element, the bearing unit with the grip element simultaneously move about the first axis, no friction can arise between the first grip end and the retaining element and the second grip end and the bearing unit. Preferably, there is a backlash-free clamping of the first handle end on the holding element in the x, y and z-direction. As a result, undesired friction points can be avoided on the device according to the invention.
Vorteilhafterweise ist die erste Achse durch einen Stift gebildet, an dem die Lagereinheit schwenkbar gelagert ist. Das eine Ende der Lagereinheit bildet vorzugsweise an der ersten Achse ein geschlossenes Lager. Hierbei kann sich der Stift durch Lagerbohrungen der Lagereinheit erstrecken, wobei der Stift, der zylindrisch ausgeführt sein kann, an seinen freien Enden am Träger befestigt ist.Advantageously, the first axis is formed by a pin on which the bearing unit is pivotally mounted. The one end of the bearing unit preferably forms a closed bearing on the first axis. Here, the pin may extend through bearing bores of the bearing unit, wherein the pin, which may be cylindrical, is attached at its free ends to the carrier.
Eine die Erfindung verbessernde Maßnahme kann vorsehen, dass das erste Griffende einseitig offen als Langloch ausgebildet ist, wobei das erste Griffende das Halteelement zumindest bereichsweise umfasst. Der Montageaufwand der Anordnung des ersten Griffendes an dem Halteelement wird hierdurch wesentlich vereinfacht. Des Weiteren können Toleranzen, die beispielsweise beim Spritzgießen der relevanten Bauteile, wie Griffelement, Lagereinheit, ect. oder die bei Temperaturschwankungen entstehen können, über das genannte Langloch am ersten Griffende wirksam ausgeglichen werden. In einer möglichen Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird in einem der letzten Montageschritte das Griffelement von außen durch Öffnungen des beweglichen Teils an die Lagereinheit geführt, wobei eine zuverlässige Fixierung des ersten und des zweiten Griffendes an der Lagereinheit stattfindet. Bevorzugt findet diese Montage bei definierten Temperaturen statt. Anschließend können unter Normalbedingungen, bei denen auch hohe Temperaturschwankungen auftreten können, beispielsweise Ausdehnungen des Griffelementes entstehen. Da das erste sowie das zweite Griffende jeweils fest an der Lagereinheit angeordnet sind, können an diesen Stellen aufgrund von Temperaturschwankungen keine Positionsänderungen entstehen, wodurch eine zuverlässige Funktionsweise der Vorrichtung, insbesondere eine zuverlässige Bewegung des Griffelelementes bei einer manuellen Betätigung sichergestellt ist.A measure improving the invention can provide that the first end of the grip is open on one side as a slot, wherein the first end of the grip comprises the retaining element at least partially. The assembly effort of the arrangement of the first handle end on the holding element is thereby substantially simplified. Furthermore, tolerances, for example, in the injection molding of the relevant components, such as handle element, storage unit, ect. or which may arise in the event of temperature fluctuations, can be effectively compensated for via said slot at the first end of the grip. In a possible embodiment of the invention, the handle element is guided from the outside through openings of the movable part of the bearing unit in one of the last assembly steps, wherein a reliable fixing of the first and second handle end takes place on the storage unit. Preferably, this assembly takes place at defined temperatures. Subsequently, under normal conditions, in which high temperature fluctuations can occur, for example, expansions of the grip element arise. Since the first and the second handle end are respectively fixedly arranged on the bearing unit, no position changes can occur at these points due to temperature fluctuations, whereby a reliable operation of the device, in particular a reliable movement of the stylus element is ensured in a manual operation.
Des Weiteren kann vorgesehen sein, dass der einseitig offene Bereich des ersten Griffendes zur ersten Achse ausgerichtet ist. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wird das Langloch des ersten Griffendes am Halteelement der Lagereinheit gehalten, wobei vorteilhafterweise kein zusätzliches Befestigungsmittel für das Griffelement im Bereich des ersten Griffendes notwendig ist.Furthermore, it can be provided that the unilaterally open region of the first handle end is aligned with the first axis. In this embodiment, the slot of the first end of the handle is held on the holding element of the bearing unit, wherein advantageously no additional fastening means for the handle element in the region of the first handle end is necessary.
In einer weiteren Alternative kann der einseitig offene Bereich des ersten Griffendes zum Innenraum des Kraftfahrzeuges ausgerichtet ist. In diesem Fall kann es Sinn machen, das Griffelement im Bereich des ersten Griffendes zusätzlich form- und/oder kraft- und/oder stoffschlüssig am Halteelement zu befestigen. Beim Montagevorgang kann beispielsweise das erste Griffende über zusätzliche Rastelemente am Halteelement befestigt sein.In a further alternative, the unilaterally open region of the first handle end is aligned with the interior of the motor vehicle. In this case, it may make sense to additionally secure the grip element in the region of the first grip end positively and / or non-positively and / or cohesively on the retaining element. During the assembly process, for example, the first end of the handle can be fastened to the holding element via additional latching elements.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist, dass ein zum Verschluss führender Abgang an der Lagereinheit und/oder am Griffelement vorgesehen ist. Bei einer Betätigung des Griffelementes wird über den Abgang der Verschluss des beweglichen Teils des Kraftfahrzeuges betätigt, insbesondere geöffnet, wenn eine Entriegelungsposition im Verschluss vorliegt. Auch der Schließzylinder der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung kann mit einem zusätzlichen Abgang verbunden sein, der bei einer Betätigung des Schließzylinders auf den Verschluss einwirkt und diesen verriegelt bzw. entriegelt. Der Abgang kann beispielsweise über einen Bowdenzug realisiert werden.It is particularly advantageous that an outlet leading to the closure is provided on the bearing unit and / or on the grip element. Upon actuation of the grip element, the closure of the movable part of the motor vehicle is actuated via the outlet, in particular opened when an unlocking position is present in the closure. Also, the lock cylinder of the device according to the invention may be connected to an additional outlet, which acts upon actuation of the lock cylinder on the closure and this locks or unlocked. The departure can be realized for example via a Bowden cable.
Alternativ kann ein an einer zweiten Drehachse drehbar gelagertes Koppelelement vorgesehen sein, an dem ein zum Verschluss führender Abgang angreift und das Koppelelement in Wirkverbindung mit der Lagereinheit steht. Bei einer Betätigung des Griffelementes wird gleichzeitig die Lagereinheit um die erste Achse verschwenkt, wobei die Lagereinheit das Koppelelement bewegt, wodurch der Abgang über das Koppelelement mitbewegt wird. Bevorzugt ist die Lagereinheit mit dem Griffelement aus einer ersten Position in eine zweite Position und umgekehrt verschwenkbar. Die erste Position ist hierbei die Ruheposition. In der zweiten Position des Griffelementes wird eine Betätigung des Verschlusses zum Öffnen des beweglichen Teils ausgelöst, wobei das Griffelement zuvor um einen definierten Winkelbereich aus dem beweglichen Teil um die erste Drehachse bewegt worden ist. Vorzugsweise kontaktiert die Lagereinheit in ihrer ersten Position ein erstes Anschlagelement. In der zweiten Position kann die Lagereinheit in der zweiten Position ein zweites Anschlagelement berühren. Die genannten Anschlagelemente können beispielsweise am feststehenden Träger integriert sein.Alternatively, a rotatably mounted on a second axis of rotation coupling element may be provided, on which a closure leading to the outlet acts and the coupling element is in operative connection with the bearing unit. Upon actuation of the grip element, the bearing unit is simultaneously pivoted about the first axis, wherein the bearing unit moves the coupling element, whereby the outlet is moved via the coupling element. Preferably, the bearing unit with the handle element from a first position to a second position and vice versa pivoted. The first position is the rest position. In the second position of the handle element, an actuation of the closure is triggered for opening the movable part, wherein the handle element has been previously moved by a defined angular range from the movable part about the first axis of rotation. The bearing unit preferably contacts a first stop element in its first position. In the second position, the bearing unit in the second position can touch a second stop element. The abovementioned stop elements can be integrated, for example, on the stationary carrier.
In einer besonderen Ausgestaltung ist ein Federelement vorgesehen, das in Wirkverbindung mit dem Koppelelement und der Lagereinheit steht, wobei in der zweiten Position der Lagereinheit das Federelement eine derartige Rückstellkraft ausübt, dass die Lagereinheit selbstständig in seine erste Position bewegbar ist. Das Koppelelement kann vorzugsweise mit einer Aufnahme ausgeführt sein, in der der Abgang gehalten ist. Der Abgang kann an seinem einen Ende form- und/oder kraft- und/oder stoffschlüssig an der genannten Aufnahme befestigt sein.In a particular embodiment, a spring element is provided which is in operative connection with the coupling element and the bearing unit, wherein in the second position of the bearing unit, the spring element exerts such a restoring force that the bearing unit is independently movable to its first position. The coupling element may preferably be designed with a receptacle in which the outlet is held. The departure can be attached at its one end form and / or force and / or cohesive to said recording.
Damit bei einem Seitenaufprall eine Betätigung des Verschlusses sowie eine Öffnung des beweglichen Teils, insbesondere der Fahrzeugtür nicht entsteht, ist mindestens ein Massenausgleichsgewicht in der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung integriert. Ein besonders kompakter Aufbau wird dadurch erzielt, dass das Massenausgleichsgewicht am Koppelelement integriert ist.So that in the event of a side impact, an actuation of the closure as well as an opening of the movable part, in particular of the vehicle door, does not occur, at least one mass balance weight is integrated in the device according to the invention. A particularly compact design is achieved in that the mass balance weight is integrated on the coupling element.
Des Weiteren kann vorgesehen sein, dass die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung durch eine Steuerelektronik überwacht wird. Aus sicherheitstechnischen Gründen kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn neben der Erfassung der Position der Lagereinheit auch die Positionen des Griffelementes oder des Koppelelementes erfasst werden. Dieses kann beispielsweise über Sensoren, insbesondere Magnetfeldsensoren erfolgen, die das magnetische Feld eines an dem Koppelelement, an der Lagereinheit oder an dem Griffelement angebrachten Permanentmagneten erfassen.Furthermore, it can be provided that the device according to the invention is monitored by control electronics. For safety reasons, it may be advantageous be, if in addition to the detection of the position of the bearing unit and the positions of the handle element or the coupling element are detected. This can be done, for example, via sensors, in particular magnetic field sensors, which detect the magnetic field of a permanent magnet attached to the coupling element, to the bearing unit or to the grip element.
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, in der unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung im Einzelnen beschrieben sind.Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description in which, with reference to the drawings, embodiments of the invention are described in detail.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine vereinfachte Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Betätigen eines Verschlusses einer Kraftfahrzeugtür in einer ersten Position,
- Fig. 2
- die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung gemäß
Fig. 2 in einer zweiten Position, - Fig. 3
- eine vereinfachte Schnittansicht gemäß der Schnittlinie III-III aus
Fig. 1 , - Fig. 4
- eine vereinfachte Schnittansicht gemäß der Schnittlinie IV-IV aus
Fig. 2 , - Fig. 5
- eine alternative Ausführungsform der Erfindung in vergrößerter Darstellung im Bereich der ersten Drehachse und
- Fig. 6
- eine weitere alternative Ausführungsform der Erfindung in vergrößerter Darstellung im Bereich des ersten Griffendes.
- Fig. 1
- a simplified representation of an inventive device for actuating a closure of a motor vehicle door in a first position,
- Fig. 2
- the device according to the invention
Fig. 2 in a second position, - Fig. 3
- a simplified sectional view taken along section line III-III
Fig. 1 . - Fig. 4
- a simplified sectional view taken along section line IV-IV
Fig. 2 . - Fig. 5
- an alternative embodiment of the invention in an enlarged view in the region of the first axis of rotation and
- Fig. 6
- a further alternative embodiment of the invention in an enlarged view in the region of the first handle end.
In
Die Lagereinheit 20 ist mit einem zur ersten Achse 13 beabstandeten Halteelement 24 ausgeführt, an dem das erste Griffende 41 angeordnet ist, wobei das erste Griffende 41 zumindest teilweise das Halteelement 24 umgibt. In der vorliegenden Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist hierbei das erste Griffende 41 einseitig offen als Langloch ausgebildet, wobei das erste Griffende 41 mit seinem Langloch die erste Achse 13 zumindest bereichsweise umfasst. Die erste Achse 13 weist einen Stift 13a auf, der am linken Bereich des Trägers 11 angeordnet ist. Die Lagereinheit 20 ist schwenkbar um den Stift 13a gelagert, wobei der Stift 13a durch nicht dargestellte Bohrungen der Lagereinheit 20 sich erstreckt.The bearing
Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel besteht eine Spielpassung zwischen dem ersten Griffende 41 und dem Halteelement 24. Betätigt der Benutzer das Griffelement 40, wie in
Besonders vorteilhaft ist, dass bei der Montage des Griffelementes 40 an die Lagereinheit 20 das erste Griffende 41 am Halteelement 24 schwenkbar ist. Hierbei wird bei dem Montagevorgang des Griffelementes 40 das erste Griffende 41 an das Halteelement 24 geführt, und anschließend wird das zweite Griffende 42 über eine Schwenkbewegung des Griffelementes 40 um das Halteelement 24 zur Lagereinheit 20 bewegt, an der anschließend das zweite Griffende 42 befestigt wird. Hierbei kann es sich beispielsweise um eine form- und/oder kraft- und/oder stoffschlüssige Verbindung handeln. Im dargstellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist das zweite Griffende 42 über eine Schraubverbindung 25 mit der Lagereinheit 20 verbunden, welches explizit nicht gezeigt ist.It is particularly advantageous that during assembly of the
Wie in
In einer weiteren Alternative der Erfindung kann der einseitig offene Bereich des ersten Griffendes 41 zum Innenraum des Kraftfahrzeuges ausgerichtet sein, welches in
Des Weiteren ist in
Wie die
Wie in
Des Weiteren weist die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ein Federelement 32 auf, das in Wirkverbindung mit dem Koppelelement 30 und der Lagereinheit 20 steht. Das Federelement 32 übt in der zweiten Position der Lagereinheit 20 eine derartige Rückstellkraft aus, dass die Lagereinheit 20 sich selbstständig in ihre erste Position gemäß
Das Koppelelement 30 ist ferner mit zwei Massenausgleichsgewichten 34 ausgebildet, die während der Bewegung der Lagereinheit 20 aus der ersten in die zweite Position um die zweite Drehachse 15 mitbewegt werden. Diese Massenausgleichsgewichte 34 dienen dazu, dass bei einem etwaigen Seitenaufprall durch die auftretenden Fliehkräfte die Lagereinheit 20 nicht ungewollt in ihre zweite Position gedrückt wird, wodurch ein ungewünschter Öffnungsvorgang der Tür 12 ausgelöst werden würde. In diesem Fall wirken die Massenausgleichsgewichte 34 den wirkenden Fliehkräften entgegen, so dass eine Bewegung der Lagereinheit 20 um die erste Drehachse 13 in Richtung der zweiten Position ausgeschlossen ist.The
In
Der Träger 11 ist des Weiteren mit einem Durchbruch 36 ausgeführt, in dem ein Schließzylinder (nicht dargestellt) in den Träger 11 eingeführt und dort befestigt wird. Auch der Schließzylinder kann einen Abgang aufweisen, der bei Betätigung des Schließzylinders auf den Verschluss einwirkt und diesen verriegelt bzw. entriegelt.The
- 1010
- Vorrichtungcontraption
- 1111
- Trägercarrier
- 1212
- Türdoor
- 1313
- erste Drehachsefirst axis of rotation
- 13a13a
- Stiftpen
- 1414
- Abgang, BowdenzugDeparture, Bowden cable
- 1515
- zweite Drehachsesecond axis of rotation
- 16a16a
- erstes Anschlagelementfirst stop element
- 16b16b
- zweites Anschlagelementsecond stop element
- 2020
- Lagereinheitstorage unit
- 2121
- Stirnflächeface
- 2222
- Positionierungsmittelpositioning means
- 2323
- freies Endefree end
- 2424
- Halteelementretaining element
- 24a24a
- Nutgroove
- 2525
- Schraubenverbindungscrew connection
- 3030
- Koppelelementcoupling element
- 3131
- Kontaktbereichcontact area
- 3232
- Federelementspring element
- 3333
- Aufnahmeadmission
- 33a33a
- Nutgroove
- 3434
- MassenausgleichsgewichtCounterbalancing weight
- 3535
- Zapfenspigot
- 3636
- Durchbruchbreakthrough
- 4040
- Griffelementhandle element
- 4141
- erste Griffendefirst end of the grip
- 4242
- zweites Griffendesecond end of the handle
Claims (21)
- A device (10) for actuating a closure of a movable part (12) of a motor vehicle, in particular of a door or tailgate or the like, having a bracket (11), which can be fastened on the inside of the movable part (12),
a bearing unit (20), which is pivotable around a first axis (13) provided on the bracket (11), and
a grip element (40), which has a first (41) and a second grip end (42), wherein the first and the second grip ends (41, 42) are arranged on the bearing unit (20),
characterised in that
the bearing unit (20) is embodied with a retaining element (24) spaced apart from the first axis (13), on which retaining element (24) the first grip end (41) is arranged, wherein the first grip end (41) at least partially surrounds the retaining element (24). - The device (1) according to Claim 1,
characterised in that
when mounting of the grip element (40) onto the bearing unit (20), the first grip end (41) is pivotable on the retaining element (24). - The device (1) according to Claim 1 or 2,
characterised in that
when mounting of the grip element (40), the first grip end (41) is guided onto the retaining element (24), and subsequently the second grip end (42) is moved towards the bearing unit (20) via a pivoting movement of the grip element (40) around the retaining element (24), on which bearing unit (20) the second grip end (42) can be fastened. - The device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the retaining element (24) runs parallel to the first axis (13). - The device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the retaining element (24) and the bearing unit (20) form a one-piece component. - The device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the retaining element (24) has at least one positioning means (22), as a result of which a horizontal bearing of the first grip end (41) can be achieved, wherein in particular the positioning means (22) is formed by a groove (24a) embodied on the retaining element (24). - The device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
there exists a clearance fit between the first grip end (41) and the retaining element (24). - The device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the first axis (13) is configured by a pin (13a), on which the bearing unit (20) is pivotably mounted. - The device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the first grip end (41) is formed open on one side as an elongated hole, wherein the first grip end (41) at least in regions encompasses the retaining element (24). - The device (1) according to Claim 9,
characterised in that
the region, which is open on one side, of the first grip end (41) is oriented towards the first axis (13). - The device (1) according to Claim 9,
characterised in that
the region, which is open on one side, of the first grip end (41) is oriented towards the interior of the motor vehicle. - The device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the grip element (41) is additionally fastened to the retaining element (24) in a form and/or force and/or materially bonded manner. - The device (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
an outlet (14) which leads to the closure is provided on the bearing unit (20) and/or on the grip element (40). - The device (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 12,
characterised in that
a coupling element (30), which is rotatably borne on a second rotational axis (15), is provided, on which coupling element (30) an outlet (14), which leads to the closure, acts, and the coupling element (30) is operatively connected to the bearing unit (20). - The device (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the bearing unit (20) is pivotable with the grip element (40) from a first position into a second position and vice versa, wherein the bearing unit (20), in the first position, contacts a first stop element (16a) and/or the bearing unit (20), in the second position, contacts a second stop element (16b). - The device (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the second grip end (42) is fastened on that side of the bearing unit (20) which faces away from the first rotational axis (13). - The device (10) according to one of Claims 14 to 16,
characterised in that
during the movement of the bearing unit (20) from the first into the second position, the coupling element (30) moves around the second rotational axis (15). - The device (10) according to one of Claims 14 to 17,
characterised in that
the bearing unit (20) is configured with a front surface (21) which faces the grip element (40), and the coupling element (30) has a contact region (31) on which the front surface (21) acts during the movement of the bearing element (20). - The device (10) according to one of Claims 14 to 18,
characterised in that
a spring element (32) is provided which is operatively connected to the coupling element (30) and the bearing unit (20), wherein the spring element (32), in the second position of the bearing unit (20), exerts such a restoring force that the bearing unit (20) is independently movable into the first position. - The device (10) according to one of Claims 14 to 19,
characterised in that
the coupling element (30) is embodied with a receptacle (33) in which the outlet (14) is retained. - The device (10) according to one of Claims 14 to 20,
characterised in that
the coupling element (30) has at least one mass balancing weight (34).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007027848A DE102007027848A1 (en) | 2007-06-13 | 2007-06-13 | Device for actuating a closure of a movable part |
PCT/EP2008/056704 WO2008151950A1 (en) | 2007-06-13 | 2008-05-30 | Device for actuating the closure of a movable part |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2167767A1 EP2167767A1 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
EP2167767B1 true EP2167767B1 (en) | 2011-01-12 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20080760291 Not-in-force EP2167767B1 (en) | 2007-06-13 | 2008-05-30 | Device for actuating the closure of a movable part |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8864191B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2167767B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101680244B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE495332T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE102007027848A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008151950A1 (en) |
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ITMI20022250A1 (en) * | 2002-10-23 | 2004-04-24 | Valeo Sicurezza Abitacolo Spa | DOOR HANDLE, DOORS OR SIMILAR, IN PARTICULAR |
DE10303349B4 (en) * | 2003-01-29 | 2005-04-07 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Exterior door handle assembly |
US6880870B2 (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2005-04-19 | General Motors Corporation | Outside vehicle door handle |
KR100501240B1 (en) * | 2003-09-16 | 2005-07-18 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Structure of Separation Prevention of Automobile Door Outside Handle |
ITRM20040337A1 (en) * | 2004-07-07 | 2004-10-07 | Valeo Sicurezza Abitacolo Spa | DOOR HANDLE, IN PARTICULAR OF THE VEHICLE, WITH INERTIAL SAFETY SYSTEM. |
US7070216B2 (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2006-07-04 | Siegel-Robert, Inc. | Vehicle door handle assembly |
DE102006023635A1 (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2007-11-22 | Huf Hülsbeck & Fürst Gmbh & Co. Kg | handle assembly |
JP4835324B2 (en) * | 2006-08-25 | 2011-12-14 | アイシン精機株式会社 | Vehicle door handle device |
DE102007027845A1 (en) * | 2007-06-13 | 2008-12-18 | Huf Hülsbeck & Fürst Gmbh & Co. Kg | Device for actuating a closure of a movable part |
-
2007
- 2007-06-13 DE DE102007027848A patent/DE102007027848A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2008
- 2008-05-30 CN CN2008800200725A patent/CN101680244B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-05-30 WO PCT/EP2008/056704 patent/WO2008151950A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-05-30 AT AT08760291T patent/ATE495332T1/en active
- 2008-05-30 EP EP20080760291 patent/EP2167767B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-05-30 DE DE200850002319 patent/DE502008002319D1/en active Active
- 2008-05-30 US US12/663,768 patent/US8864191B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US8864191B2 (en) | 2014-10-21 |
WO2008151950A1 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
US20100171327A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
CN101680244B (en) | 2013-01-02 |
DE502008002319D1 (en) | 2011-02-24 |
ATE495332T1 (en) | 2011-01-15 |
EP2167767A1 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
CN101680244A (en) | 2010-03-24 |
DE102007027848A1 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
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