Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
  • A01B45/00—Machines for treating meadows or lawns, e.g. for sports grounds
  • A01B45/02—Machines for treating meadows or lawns, e.g. for sports grounds for aerating
  • A01B45/023—Perforators comprising spiking tools actively driven in a reciprocating movement through a crankshaft or eccentric mechanism

Definitions

• the invention relates to a mobile soil cultivation device for introducing cavities into the soil according to the preamble of claim 1.
• a known soil cultivation device has a machine frame, a drive for at least one up and down movable lancing tool, wherein the lancing tool pierceable into the ground and is pulled out again.
• a guide septum e.g. a support arm, movably guided for at least one piercing tool.
• the piercing tool is located before a piercing in a Congressiage below a predetermined piercing angle.
• a tool holder holds one or more piercing tools.
• the tool holder is mounted about a first pivot axis in the guide member which is movable up and down by the drive to engage during ground engagement, i. under force, to allow pivoting of the piercing tool relative to the guide element.
• a device exerts a restoring moment acting on the first pivot axis on the tool holder, so that the piercing tool pivots back into the starting position after it has been pulled out of the ground.
• Such devices are used to introduce with the help of piercing tools cavities in the soil, wherein in the Tiefe ⁇ Kunststoffe the soil slit-shaped cavities are introduced and the smallest possible holes on the surface remain.
• the cavities allow better drainage of water and improve soil aeration and soil loosening improves plant growth, especially of grasses.
• a soil cultivating device which has two parallelogram-like guided support arms, which pivotably hold a tool holder at one end and which are pivotally mounted at the other end on the machine frame.
• the push rod of the crank mechanism is articulated to the tool holder and drives it, so that it performs an up and down movement.
• One of the two support arms is variable in length and includes a return spring with a stop. As long as the piercing tool is located outside the ground, the support arm is due to the spring force against the stop.
• the piercing tool is pivoted to the tool holder in the rearward direction and the inature support arm is extended against the spring force.
• spring elements which exert a restoring moment on the piercing tools, so that the piercing tools, as soon as they are outside the soil, move back to the starting position.
• the position is referred to below, which has the at least one piercing tool just before piercing.
• the moment of inertia of the tool holder and piercing tool counteracts the restoring moment of the spring.
• spring elements with high spring stiffness are used to move the piercing tools back to the starting days. Due to the spring elements with high spring stiffness, however, there is an increased risk that the piercing tools, if they are still within the soil, instead of the desired small holes, slots can bring into the soil surface.
• the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a device of the type described above, in which the risk of slit formation is reduced. To solve this problem serve the features of claim 1.
• the invention advantageously provides that the Monthrop ⁇ nkt of tool holder and the at least one piercing tool is arranged in relation to the first pivot axis such that the moment of inertia counteracting the remindsteomentoment of tool holder and piercing tool is at least partially reduced or compensated or overcompensated.
• the overall center of gravity of the tool holder and the at least one piercing tool can be arranged in relation to the first pivot axis such that the moment of inertia of tool holder and piercing tool counteracting the bucking torque is overcompensated such that the moment of inertia acting around the first pivot axis forms at least part of the restoring moment.
• This embodiment has the advantage that either a spring element with lower spring stiffness can be used or that even no spring element is needed, since the back torque counteracting moment of inertia of the tool holder and piercing tool is at least partially reduced or compensated or so overcompens ⁇ ert that is the first Swivel axis acting moment of inertia forms at least part of the restoring torque.
• Another advantage is that the number of parts is reduced and thereby the production costs can be reduced considerably. In addition, the service life can be increased and the maintenance work can be reduced.
• An additional advantage is that, when stops are provided to limit the return movement back to the starting position, the shock abutment on the machine frame, the machine elements and in particular the bearings can be reduced.
• the overall center of gravity of the tool holder and the at least one piercing tool can lie on the first pivot axis.
• an additional mass is coupled to the tool holder, preferably connected to this rotationally fixed.
• the overall center of gravity of additional mass, tool holder and the at least one piercing tool is arranged in relation to the first pivot axis such that the moment of inertia counteracting the restoring moment of the tool holder, additional mass and the at least one piercing tool is at least partially reduced or compensated or overcompensated.
• the overall center of gravity of the additional mass, tool holder and the at least one piercing tool can be arranged in relation to the first pivot axis such that the moment of inertia of tool holder, additional mass and the at least one piercing tool counteracting the restoring moment is overcompensated such that the moment of inertia acting around the first pivot axis is at least one Part of the restoring moment forms.
• the overall center of gravity of additional mass, tool holder and the at least one piercing tool can lie on the first pivot axis.
• the distance, preferably the horizontal distance, of the overall center of gravity of the tool holder and the at least one piercing tool or the distance, preferably the horizontal distance, of the total center of gravity of the additional mass, tool holder and the at least one piercing tool can be adjusted from the first pivot axis is, preferably centrally adjustable for all tool holder.
• the guide element may be a support arm, which is pivotally mounted in a second pivot bearing on the machine frame.
• This support arm can be designed to be variable in length against a spring force. This has the advantage that in addition the risk of Schiitz Struktur can be reduced.
• At least one helical or spiral metal tension or compression spring can generate the spring force counteracting the extension of the support arm.
• the spring preferably has a degressive spring characteristic.
• It may be at least one tension or compression spring element or a spring damper element next to the support arm, preferably parallel to the support arm angeord ⁇ net.
• the spring element allows pivoting of the tool holder to the first pivot axis and exerts at omitting the ground engagement at least a portion of the restoring torque to the tool holder, so that the piercing tool pivots back ⁇ after pulling out of the ground back to the starting position ⁇ .
• the train ⁇ or compression spring element or the spring damper element is such arranged on the machine frame so that it exerts a high restoring moment on the tool holder when the piercing tool is outside the soil, and that a small restoring torque on the tool holder when the piercing tool is in the ground.
• a torsion element to be arranged between the tool holder and the guide element, which permits pivoting of the tool holder relative to the guide element and exerts at least a portion of the restoring moment on the tool holder when the action of force ceases, so that the piercing tool acts on the tool holder Pulling out of the ground swings back to the starting position.
• the torsion element can consist of at least one elastomer element, an elastomer composite element or a helical or spiral metallic torsion spring.
• the Torsi- onselement has at least two magnetic elements, wherein the at least two magnetic elements are aligned with each other so that they allow pivoting of the tool holder about the first pivot axis and in Wegfaii the Bod a handle s exert at least a portion of the restoring torque on the tool holder, so that the piercing tool pivots back to the Crowiage after pulling out of the ground.
• the magnetic elements can consist of permanent magnets or of electromagnets, the electromagnets being activatable or deactivatable as a function of the movement phase.
• FIG. 1 is a side view of a tillage machine
• FIG. 2 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention with piercing tool
• FIG. 5 is a side view of another embodiment in which a helical or helical torsion spring is used
• FIG. 6 is a side view of a further embodiment in which an elastomer-metal composite element is used
• 7 is a side view of a further embodiment according to the invention, in which the Torsionseiement has three magnets,
• Fig. 9 shows a further embodiment with enver selectediichem support arm.
• Fig. 1 shows a side view of a mobile tillage device, which is self-propelled or can be pulled by means of a tractor.
• This tillage device 6 has a machine frame 38, on which several guide elements 30 by a drive 36 movable up and down lancing tools 1 are pivotally mounted.
• the piercing tools 1 are pressed alternately into the ground 8 due to the up and down movement and perform in the bottom 8 due to the forward movement of the soil cultivation device 6 from a tilting movement. Thereby, the bottom 8 is broken below the piercing hole, whereby, for example, the drainage of the bottom 8 is improved. In this case, the puncture hole in the ground surface should remain as small as possible despite the driving speed of the tillage device 6.
• the at least one piercing tool 1 is preferably fastened with hooves of a holding device 4 in a tool holder 2. Puncture tools 1 of different length and shape and diameter can be attached to the tool holder 2, which is guided by a guide member 30.
• the guide element 30 preferably carries driven by a crank drive 36 an up and down movement. Alternatively, it is also possible to drive the guide element 30 hydraulically or electrically.
• Several, preferably juxtaposed, standing tools 1 or groups of piercing tools 1 arranged next to one another can be driven. the.
• the piercing tools 1, or groups of piercing tools 1 are preferably driven out of phase.
• Fig. 2 shows a side view of an inventive embodiment.
• a crank mechanism 36 drives via a push rod 34, the guide member 30, which has the shape of a support arm.
• the push rod 34 is mounted in a first pivot bearing 10 to a guide member 30.
• the guide member 30 is pivotally mounted in a second pivot bearing 26 on the machine frame 38.
• a tool holder 2 is pivotally mounted about a first pivot axis 12.
• the tool holder 2 has two work oppositely projecting arms 2a, 2b.
• the arm 2a of the tool holder 2 has a fastening device 4, with which at least one piercing tool 1 can be connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the tool holder 2.
• a coupling arm 24 is mounted, which is mounted at its one end in an adjusting device 40.
• the adjusting device 40 is rotatably connected to the machine frame 38.
• a stop 22 is pivotally connected to the coupling arm 24.
• the stopper 22 in turn is hinged to the guide member 30 pivotally.
• the position of the stopper 22 can be adjusted by means of the Versteli driving 40. With the position of the stop 22, the starting position of the at least one piercing tool 1 is set, since the at least one piercing tool 1 and / or the tool holder 2 abut against the stop 22 at least before piercing.
• the starting position for all juxtaposed lancing tools or groups of puncturing tools can be adjusted centrally.
• the adjusting device 40 can be operated electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically.
• punctured piercing tool 1 and further movement of the tillage device 6 in the direction of travel A the at least one piercing tool 1 is pivoted about the first pivot axis 12.
• the velocities v B and v c , with which the points B and C of the Guide member 30 move up and down, are shown in simplified form for a constant angular velocity of the Kurbeitriebs 36 in FIG.
• the angular position of the crank pin 16 is indicated on the x-axis.
• the points B and C of the guide member 30 reach the bottom dead center UT when the crank pin has already exceeded 180 °. This is the case because on the one hand the axis of rotation of the crank mechanism 36 and the first pivot bearing 10 are arranged horizontally offset from each other and on the other hand, the points B and C of the guide member 30, due to the pivotal movement of the guide member 30 about the second pivot bearing 26, perform no exact vertical movement ,
• FIG. 3 also shows the acceleration curves a B , a c of the points B and C of the guide element 30.
• the accelerations a ß , a c reach their maximum value.
• the maximum values of the accelerations a B , a c exceed the gravitational acceleration by a multiple.
• the piercing tools 1 are located in the area marked F outside the ground. In this area, a very high acceleration acts in a vertical direction upwards on the masses moved along during the up and down movement, that is also on the tool holder 2 and the at least one piercing tool 1.
• the arm 2b of the tool holder 2 from FIG has a corresponding weight and is arranged with respect to the first pivot axis 12, that the total center of gravity 32 of tool holder 2 and piercing tool 1 with respect to the first pivot axis 12 in the horizontal direction on the opposite side of the at least one piercing tool 1, then a Return torque to the tool holder 2 and thus the piercing tools 1 exercised, so that the piercing tools 1 are pivoted back into the starting position.
• FIG. 2 may alternatively be carried out so that not the tool holder 2 has two arms, but the at least one piercing tool 1.
• the total center of gravity of the tool holder 2 and the at least one piercing tool 1 with the two arms is then also arranged such that the moment of inertia acting around the first pivot axis 12 of tool holder 2 and piercing tool 1 forms at least a Teii of the restoring moment.
• additional mass 44 may also be an additional mass 44 rotatably connected to the tool holder 2 and / or piercing tool 1, so that the total center of gravity of piercing tool 1, additional mass 44 and tool holder 2 is arranged so that the force acting around the first pivot axis 12 moment of inertia of tool holder 2, piercing tool. 1 and additional mass 44 forms at least part of the restoring moment.
• Fig. 4 shows a similar embodiment as Fig. 2, with the difference that instead of the coupling arm 24 with stop 22, a spring damper element 42 is arranged parallel to the guide element.
• the spring damper element 42 is pivotally mounted on one side on the machine frame 38 and on the opposite side of the tool holder 2.
• the spring damper element 42 permits a pivoting of the tool holder 2 about the first pivot axis 12 and exerts at least a portion of the restoring torque on the tool holder 2 when the ground engagement is removed, so that the piercing tool 1 pivots back out of the ground 8 into the starting position after being pulled out.
• the arm 2b of the tool holder 2 has a position adjustment device 46 and an additional mass 44.
• the distance of the additional mass 44 from the first pivot axis 12 can preferably be adjusted centrally by means of the position adjustment device 46.
• the Positionversteli sensible 46 has a sensor which can determine the position of the additional mass 44.
• the position of the additional mass 44 can be stiffened so that the total center of gravity of the tool holder 2, piercing tool 1 and additional mass 44 is arranged in relation to the first pivot axis 12 such that the moment of inertia counteracting the restoring moment of tool holder 2, additional mass 44 and the at least one piercing tool. 1 is at least partially reduced or compensated or is overcompensated such that the moment of inertia acting around the first pivot axis forms at least a part of the remindstelimoments.
• FIG. 5 shows an embodiment which is similar to that of FIG. 2, with the difference that instead of the spring damper element 42, a torsion element 48, 50, 64 is used.
• the co-axial to the first pivot axis 12 acting Torsionseiement 48, 50, 64 is mounted between the tool holder 2 and the guide member 30.
• the torsion element 48, 50, 64 Before piercing the torsion element 48, 50, 64 is unloaded, wherein in the starting position shortly before piercing a predetermined piercing angle! of the piercing tool 1 is set.
• the torsion element 48, 50, 64 allows under the action of force on the piercing tool 1, that is, when piercing the piercing tool 1 and further movement of the tillage device 6 in the direction of travel A, a pivoting of the piercing tool 1 against the direction of travel.
• the torsion element 48, 50, 64 exerts at least a portion of the restoring torque on the tool holder 2, so that the piercing tool 1 pivots back to the starting position after pulling out ,
• the Torsionseiement 48, 50, 64 is a coaxial with the first pivot axis 12 extending helical or helical metal torsion spring 48.
• the one side of the metal spring is rotatably connected to the guide member 30 and the other side is connected to the tool holder 2.
• a coaxial axle or sleeve-shaped support element for reinforcement. This support element can then likewise be rotatably mounted on the tool holder 2 and on the guide element 30.
• Fig. 6 shows a modified surroundingssbeispiei of FIG. 5, in which in addition a coupling arm 24 is pivotally mounted on the tool holder 2 for centrally adjusting the Etnstechwinkels.
• the coupling arm 24 is in direct contact with the stop 22 prior to piercing the bottom 8.
• the coupling arm 24 is pivotally mounted on the intermediate element 54, which in turn is pivotally mounted on the machine frame 38.
• the stop 22 can be adjusted centrally with an adjusting device 40, in this case with an eccentric rod, for all piercing tools 1 or groups of piercing tools 1.
• the stop 22 limits the return movement of the piercing tools 1 back to the starting position.
• the piercing angle of the piercing tools 1 can be adjusted centrally.
• the piercing angle can also be adjusted individually the.
• the piercing angle can also be adjusted individually by the stop 22 is attached directly to the guide member 30 or the tool holder 2.
• the torsion element 48, 50, 64 consists of a metal-elastomer composite element 50, as it is available, for example, from Rosta.
• the elastomer-metal composite element 50 has a housing 55 which preferably consists of a quadrangular or triangular hollow profile! consists.
• the elastomer-metal composite element has a central rod 56, which is located in the interior of the housing 55 and also preferably has a quadrangular or triangular cross-section.
• a generally polygonal cross-section may be used in both the housing 55 and the rod 56.
• the rod is, for example, arranged at substantially square profiles of the housing 55 and the rod 56, relative to the housing 55 by a rotation angle of 45 °.
• elastomeric elements 58 are disposed in the corners of the housing 55 and extend substantially the entire length of the housing 55 and the rod 56. Under the influence of a torque, the rod 56 can be rotated relative to the housing 55. In this case, the elastomer elements 58 are compressed and there is an elastic remindstelimoment that forms at least a portion of the total restoring torque.
• a larger torsion angle can be used.
• Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment with a torsion element 48, 50, 64.
• the Torsionseiement 48, 50, 64 has in this case three magnetic elements.
• the first magnetic element 60 is located within an axis-shaped retaining element 63 and is connected to it in a torque-proof manner.
• the holding member 63 is rotatably connected to the guide member 30.
• the holding element 63 has a round cross section.
• the holding element 63 is enclosed by at least one further movable intermediate element 65, which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the tool holder 2.
• the tool holder 2 can pivot about the first pivot axis 12 relative to the holding device serving as a pivot bearing.
• element 63 are pivoted.
• Within the intermediate member 65 gege ⁇ nüberod two further magnetic members 61, 62 are arranged.
• the north pole of the second magnetic element 62 on the south pole side of the first magnetic element 60 and the south pole of the third magnetic element 61 on the north pole side of the first magnetic element 60 are arranged ,
• the tool holder 2 When punctured piercing tool 1 and further movement of the soil cultivation device 6, the tool holder 2 is pivoted ver against a magnetic moment about the first pivot axis 12 relative to the holding element 63 ver ⁇ . As soon as the piercing tool 1 is located outside the Bode, be ⁇ moves the magnetic restoring moment of the magnetic elements 60, 61, 62, representing at least a portion of the total restoring torque, the piercing tool 1 returns to the initial position.
• the magnetic elements 60, 61, 62 may consist of permanent or electromagnets. In the case of an electromagnet, it is possible to turn on the current only in certain phases of movement, e.g. in which the piercing tool 1 is not in contact with the ground 8.
• the holding element 63, the intermediate element 65, the guide element 30 and the tool holder 2 are preferably made of non- or poorly magnetizable material, such as e.g. non-magnetisable steel (U-boat steel), high-strength metals, plastic, preferably duroplastic or ceramic material.
• non- or poorly magnetizable material such as e.g. non-magnetisable steel (U-boat steel), high-strength metals, plastic, preferably duroplastic or ceramic material.
• the total center of gravity of the tool holder 2, intermediate member 65, second 62 and third 61 magnetic element and the at least one piercing tool 1 in relation to the first pivot axis 12 is arranged such that the restoring moment counteracting moment of inertia of the tool holder 2, intermediate element 65, second 62 and third 61 magnetic element and the at least one piercing tool 1 at least partially redu ⁇ ed or compensated or is overcompensated for that to the first Swivel axis 12 acting moment of inertia forms at least part of the restoring torque.
• FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment in which a damper element 68 is arranged parallel to the guide element 30.
• the Dämpfereiement 68 is pivotally mounted on one side on the tool holder 2 and on the opposite side of the machine frame 38.
• a spring 70 is also pivotally gegeagert on the tool holder 2 and on the opposite side of the machine frame 38. However, the spring 70 is not arranged parallel to the guide element 30.
• the spring 70 is arranged so that the spring 70 has the Gr Deposit ⁇ te spring length when said is at least one piercing tool 1 except ⁇ half of the bottom 8, and has the lowest Federicarde when the piercing tool 1 is located within the soil.
• Fig. 9 shows a further embodiment with a two-part extendable guide member 30.
• a Federefement 76 are arranged in the form of a coiled compression spring ⁇ shaped.
• the second part 30b Guide # ⁇ approximately member 30 is pivotally mounted on the machine frame 38th
• the push rod 34 of the Kurbeitriebs 36 drives the guide member 30 via the second Teii 30 b of the guide member 30 at.
• the spring element 76 is seated on a piston rod 78 connected to the first part 30a of the guide element 30.
• the two parts 30a, 30b of the guide element 30 are telescopically designed.
• a piston and adjusting element 82 is provided that the spring element 76 biases variably adjustable and the first part 30 a of Füh ⁇ guiding element 30 within a bore 86 of the second part 30 b of Füh ⁇ guiding element 30 leads.
• the hüisenförmige piston and adjusting member 82 has a smooth surface surface, so that it can serve as a piston member in the bore 86 of the second part 30 b of the guide member 30.
• the piston and adjusting element 82 and / or the piston rod 78 are connected to the second part 30b of the guide element 30 before piercing the at least one piercing tool 1 in direct contact, so that shortly before and during the insertion of the piercing tool 1 in the bottom 8 a direct power transmission without spring element 76 from the second part 30b of the Whysseiements 30 on the first part 30a of the foundedsseiements 30 and vice versa can take place.
• the at least one piercing tool 1 is pivoted. This exemplary embodiment reduces the risk that the piercing tools 1 will draw slits into the ground surface when the weathering movement of the soil preparation device in the direction of travel A is too fast.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Soil Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Soil Working Implements (AREA)
• Earth Drilling (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Fertilizers (AREA)

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• 2007
  • 2007-07-12 DK DK07112352.5T patent/DK2014146T4/en active
  • 2007-07-12 AT AT07112352T patent/ATE544331T1/de active
  • 2007-07-12 EP EP07112352.5A patent/EP2014146B2/fr active Active
• 2008
  • 2008-07-14 CA CA2693653A patent/CA2693653C/fr active Active
  • 2008-07-14 JP JP2010515531A patent/JP5366223B2/ja active Active
  • 2008-07-14 EP EP08786143A patent/EP2166829A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2008-07-14 CN CN2008801020344A patent/CN101801171B/zh active Active
  • 2008-07-14 US US12/452,635 patent/US8602120B2/en active Active
  • 2008-07-14 WO PCT/EP2008/059191 patent/WO2009007466A1/fr active Application Filing

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