EP2163331A1 - Alloyed, non-oxidising metal powder - Google Patents

Alloyed, non-oxidising metal powder Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2163331A1
EP2163331A1 EP08153706A EP08153706A EP2163331A1 EP 2163331 A1 EP2163331 A1 EP 2163331A1 EP 08153706 A EP08153706 A EP 08153706A EP 08153706 A EP08153706 A EP 08153706A EP 2163331 A1 EP2163331 A1 EP 2163331A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
powder
weight
metal powder
oxidising
oxidising metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08153706A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rutger Larsson
Erik V. Axmin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rutger Larson Konsult AB
Original Assignee
Rutger Larson Konsult AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rutger Larson Konsult AB filed Critical Rutger Larson Konsult AB
Publication of EP2163331A1 publication Critical patent/EP2163331A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an atomised, non-oxidising, alloyed metal powder based on iron enriched with carbide-bound carbon in the surface layer, and also to the use of the atomised, non-oxidising, alloyed metal powder.
  • metal powders are produced by means of atomising, electrolysis or through chemical or oxide reduction. Powder is used in mixtures for producing alloy compositions that are bound metallurgically upon sintering. Metallic and non-metallic powders can be combined to produce composite material having special properties.
  • the powder metallurgical composition most frequently used is iron powder, which is used in the manufacture of various structured parts. Iron powder is sometimes used alone or, which is more usual, together with various additives in order to improve the mechanical properties of compacted sintered products. Powder additives include carbon, copper, nickel and molybdenum.
  • US, A, 5,522,914 reveals an alloyed metal powder composed of 0.80 to 3.00 per cent by weight carbon, 0.20 to 2.00 per cent by weight manganese, 0.20 to 1.50 per cent by weight silicon, as well as 3.0 to 12.0 per cent by weight chromium, 0.20 to 0.30 per cent by weight sulphur, up to 0.04 per cent by weight phosphorous, 0.25 to 10.0 per cent by weight vanadium, up to 11.0 per cent by weight molybdenum, up to 18.00 per cent by weight mercury, up to 10 per cent by weight cobalt and up to 0.10 per cent by weight nitrogen, besides the iron.
  • the oxygen content in the powder is less than 0.025 per cent by weight.
  • the powder is produced by atomisation in nitrogen gas atmosphere in order to achieve a low oxygen content.
  • hydrocarbon which is partially carbonised during the atomisation process.
  • hydrocarbon is known through Swedish patent application 9601482-4 .
  • the atomised steel powder obtained has acquired enriched carbide-bound carbon in the surface layer, and a low oxygen content.
  • alloyed powder particles can be produced that include oxidation-sensitive alloying substances such as chromium, manganese, silicon.
  • nitrogen gas atmosphere can be avoided since the atmosphere in the atomising equipment is saturated with vaporised or carbonised atomising medium.
  • the present invention thus solves the problems of added oxygen and undesired nitrogen.
  • the atomised, alloyed metal powder according to the invention is non-oxidising as well as preventing oxidation. It has improved powder-metallurgical properties such as strength and toughness.
  • the carbide-bound carbon in the surface layer of the powder particles is enriched.
  • the non-oxidising, alloyed metal powder in accordance with the invention comprises oxidation-sensitive alloying metals such as chromium, manganese and/ or silicon, besides iron and carbide-bound carbon. These alloying metals are also capable of carbide-binding carbon.
  • Atomising medium used in the producion of the non-oxidising alloyed metal powder consists of hydrocarbons selected from the group comprising paraffin, diesel oils, or other cyclic or acyclic hydrocarbons that have been partially carbonised during the atomisation. Hydrogen gas is formed during the carbonisation of the hydrocarbons, as well as the carbides that are bound to the metals in the powder particles.
  • the atmosphere in the atomising vessel is saturated with vaporised or carbonised atomising medium consisting of hydrocarbons and hydrogen gas. The atmosphere is thus reducing, thereby protecting the powder particles produced.
  • the alloyed metal powder may also include other alloying substances such as vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, aluminium, copper, nickel, titanium.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention constitutes atomised, alloyed, non-oxidising metal powder based on iron with enriched carbide-bound carbon in the surface layer, that has been carbide-bound to the metal in the powder particles by carbonised atomising medium selected from the group comprising paraffin, diesel oils, or other cyclic or acyclic hydrocarbons during the atomising, wherein, besides iron and the carbide-bound carbon, the alloyed powder particles comprise one or more of the following alloying substances: 0.1 to 16 % by weight chromium, preferably 0.5 to 12 % by weight, 0.1 to 12 % by weight manganese, preferably 0.5 to 10 % by weight, or 0.1 to 5.0 % by weight silicon, preferably 0.5 to 4.5 % by weight, wherein the carbon content is 0.02 to 3.0 % by weight of the total contents in the metal powder, and wherein the oxygen content is less than 200 ppm.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the invention comprises the addition of extra alloying substances to said alloyed non-oxidising metal powder mentioned above.
  • extra alloying substances may be, for example, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, aluminium, copper, nickel, titanium.
  • Preferred contents of the extra alloying substances are within the range 0.1 to 5.0 % by weight.
  • the size distribution in the powder particles is mainly 10 to 350 ⁇ m, preferably 45 to 200 ⁇ m.
  • Producing the atomised, alloyed, non-oxidising metal powder, based on iron with enriched carbide-bound carbon in the surface layer enables the manufacture of compacted sintered products such as toothed wheels, ball-bearings and tool steel. These products require high mechanical strength and toughness, and these properties are achieved since the alloying additives increase tempering quality and strength.
  • the products are manufactured by means of conventional powder metallurgical compressing, hot compacting and sintering, hot isostatic pressing and sinter forging.
  • the metal powder produced is non-oxidising and prevents oxidation it can be mixed with other powder produced from oxidation-sensitive metals. This enables the manufacture of composite material having completely new qualities.
  • the present invention thus also relates to the use of the atomised, alloyed, non-oxidising metal powder as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6 for the manufacture of compressed, sintered products, such as toothed wheels, ball-bearings, tool steel, manufactured by means of conventional powder-metallurgical compression, hot compacting and sintering, hot isostatic compacting and sinter forging.
  • Alloyed metal powder of type US32CrMn was produced, with the difference that the powder produced has metal carbide in the surface layer.
  • the powder comprises 0.9 to 1.2 per cent by weight chromium, 1.5 per cent by weight manganese and 0.15 to 0.25 per cent by weight molybdenum.
  • Alloyed metal powder of "Case Hardening Steel” type was produced with metal carbides in the surface layer.
  • the powder comprises 0.8 to 1.3 per cent by weight chromium and 1.1 per cent by weight manganese.
  • An alloyed metal powder with metal carbides in the surface layer was produced having 8.0 to 10 per cent by weight chromium, 8.0 to 10 per cent by weight manganese, 0.8 to 1.2 per cent by weight carbon and the remainder iron.
  • the powder produced is spherical and has a size distribution of between 45 and 200 ⁇ m.

Abstract

Powder mixture comprising a powder produced from oxidation sensitive metal and an atomised, alloyed, non-oxidising metal powder based on iron enriched with carbide-bound carbon in the surface layer that has been carbide-bound to the metals by carbonized atomized medium selected from the group comprising paraffin, diesel oils, or other cyclic or acyclic hydrocarbons. The powder particles of said non-oxidising metal powder comprise one or more of the alloying substances chromium, manganese or silicon.

Description

  • The present invention relates to an atomised, non-oxidising, alloyed metal powder based on iron enriched with carbide-bound carbon in the surface layer, and also to the use of the atomised, non-oxidising, alloyed metal powder.
  • Most metal powders are produced by means of atomising, electrolysis or through chemical or oxide reduction. Powder is used in mixtures for producing alloy compositions that are bound metallurgically upon sintering. Metallic and non-metallic powders can be combined to produce composite material having special properties.
  • The powder metallurgical composition most frequently used is iron powder, which is used in the manufacture of various structured parts. Iron powder is sometimes used alone or, which is more usual, together with various additives in order to improve the mechanical properties of compacted sintered products. Powder additives include carbon, copper, nickel and molybdenum.
  • US, A, 5,522,914 reveals an alloyed metal powder composed of 0.80 to 3.00 per cent by weight carbon, 0.20 to 2.00 per cent by weight manganese, 0.20 to 1.50 per cent by weight silicon, as well as 3.0 to 12.0 per cent by weight chromium, 0.20 to 0.30 per cent by weight sulphur, up to 0.04 per cent by weight phosphorous, 0.25 to 10.0 per cent by weight vanadium, up to 11.0 per cent by weight molybdenum, up to 18.00 per cent by weight mercury, up to 10 per cent by weight cobalt and up to 0.10 per cent by weight nitrogen, besides the iron. The oxygen content in the powder is less than 0.025 per cent by weight. The powder is produced by atomisation in nitrogen gas atmosphere in order to achieve a low oxygen content.
  • The problem in the production of metal powder is the oxygen content. A high oxygen content is unsuitable when metal powder is to be used for tools or other articles requiring high mechanical strength. In US, A, 5,522,914 the problem has been solved by atomising the powder in nitrogen gas atmosphere. This is expensive and results in undesired nitrogen being included in the alloyed powder produced.
  • The problem of the added nitrogen is solved by using hydrocarbon which is partially carbonised during the atomisation process. Such use of hydrocarbon is known through Swedish patent application 9601482-4 . The atomised steel powder obtained has acquired enriched carbide-bound carbon in the surface layer, and a low oxygen content.
  • It has now surprisingly been found that oxidation can be prevented by enriching the carbide-bound carbon in the surface layer. This means that alloyed powder particles can be produced that include oxidation-sensitive alloying substances such as chromium, manganese, silicon. Furthermore, the use of nitrogen gas atmosphere can be avoided since the atmosphere in the atomising equipment is saturated with vaporised or carbonised atomising medium.
  • The present invention thus solves the problems of added oxygen and undesired nitrogen. The atomised, alloyed metal powder according to the invention is non-oxidising as well as preventing oxidation. It has improved powder-metallurgical properties such as strength and toughness. The carbide-bound carbon in the surface layer of the powder particles is enriched.
    • Detailed description of the invention
  • The non-oxidising, alloyed metal powder in accordance with the invention comprises oxidation-sensitive alloying metals such as chromium, manganese and/ or silicon, besides iron and carbide-bound carbon. These alloying metals are also capable of carbide-binding carbon.
  • Atomising medium used in the producion of the non-oxidising alloyed metal powder consists of hydrocarbons selected from the group comprising paraffin, diesel oils, or other cyclic or acyclic hydrocarbons that have been partially carbonised during the atomisation. Hydrogen gas is formed during the carbonisation of the hydrocarbons, as well as the carbides that are bound to the metals in the powder particles. The atmosphere in the atomising vessel is saturated with vaporised or carbonised atomising medium consisting of hydrocarbons and hydrogen gas. The atmosphere is thus reducing, thereby protecting the powder particles produced.
  • The alloyed metal powder may also include other alloying substances such as vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, aluminium, copper, nickel, titanium.
  • A preferred embodiment of the invention constitutes atomised, alloyed, non-oxidising metal powder based on iron with enriched carbide-bound carbon in the surface layer, that has been carbide-bound to the metal in the powder particles by carbonised atomising medium selected from the group comprising paraffin, diesel oils, or other cyclic or acyclic hydrocarbons during the atomising, wherein, besides iron and the carbide-bound carbon, the alloyed powder particles comprise one or more of the following alloying substances: 0.1 to 16 % by weight chromium, preferably 0.5 to 12 % by weight, 0.1 to 12 % by weight manganese, preferably 0.5 to 10 % by weight, or 0.1 to 5.0 % by weight silicon, preferably 0.5 to 4.5 % by weight, wherein the carbon content is 0.02 to 3.0 % by weight of the total contents in the metal powder, and wherein the oxygen content is less than 200 ppm.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the invention comprises the addition of extra alloying substances to said alloyed non-oxidising metal powder mentioned above. Such extra alloying substances may be, for example, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, aluminium, copper, nickel, titanium. Preferred contents of the extra alloying substances are within the range 0.1 to 5.0 % by weight.
  • The size distribution in the powder particles is mainly 10 to 350 µm, preferably 45 to 200 µm.
  • Producing the atomised, alloyed, non-oxidising metal powder, based on iron with enriched carbide-bound carbon in the surface layer enables the manufacture of compacted sintered products such as toothed wheels, ball-bearings and tool steel. These products require high mechanical strength and toughness, and these properties are achieved since the alloying additives increase tempering quality and strength. The products are manufactured by means of conventional powder metallurgical compressing, hot compacting and sintering, hot isostatic pressing and sinter forging.
  • Since the metal powder produced is non-oxidising and prevents oxidation it can be mixed with other powder produced from oxidation-sensitive metals. This enables the manufacture of composite material having completely new qualities.
  • The present invention thus also relates to the use of the atomised, alloyed, non-oxidising metal powder as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6 for the manufacture of compressed, sintered products, such as toothed wheels, ball-bearings, tool steel, manufactured by means of conventional powder-metallurgical compression, hot compacting and sintering, hot isostatic compacting and sinter forging.
  • The embodiments described above, and other preferred embodiments of the invention are defined in the subordinated claims.
  • The present invention will be further illustrated with concrete examples which should not, however, be considered as limiting the scope of protection of the invention otherwise than as defined in the appended claims.
  • In the following, examples of alloyed, non-oxidising metal powder according to the invention were produced in accordance with the procedure described in Swedish patent application No. 9601482-4 . Paraffin was used as atomising medium in the experiments.
    • Example 1
  • Alloyed metal powder of type US32CrMn was produced, with the difference that the powder produced has metal carbide in the surface layer. The powder comprises 0.9 to 1.2 per cent by weight chromium, 1.5 per cent by weight manganese and 0.15 to 0.25 per cent by weight molybdenum.
    • Example 2
  • Alloyed metal powder of "Case Hardening Steel" type was produced with metal carbides in the surface layer. The powder comprises 0.8 to 1.3 per cent by weight chromium and 1.1 per cent by weight manganese.
    • Example 3
  • An alloyed metal powder with metal carbides in the surface layer was produced having 8.0 to 10 per cent by weight chromium, 8.0 to 10 per cent by weight manganese, 0.8 to 1.2 per cent by weight carbon and the remainder iron. The powder produced is spherical and has a size distribution of between 45 and 200 µm.

Claims (7)

  1. Powder mixture comprising an atomised, alloyed, non-oxidising metal powder based on iron enriched with carbide-bound carbon in the surface layer that has been carbide-bound to the metals by carbonized atomized medium selected from the group comprising paraffin, diesel oils, or other cyclic or acyclic hydrocarbons wherein besides iron and the carbide bound carbon, the powder particles of said non-oxidising metal powder comprise one or more of the alloying substances chromium, manganese or silicon, where the content of chromium is in the range of 0.1 to 16 % by weight, the content of manganese is in the range of 0.1 to 12 % by weight or the content of silicon is in the range of 0.1 to 5.0 % by weight, the carbon content is 0.02 to 3.0 % by weight of the total amount in the non-oxidising metal powder, and the oxygen content is less than 200 ppm in the non-oxidising metal powder, said powder mixture further comprising a powder produced from oxidation sensitive metal.
  2. Powder mixture according to claim 1 wherein the alloying substances of the non-oxidising metal powder have contents in the range of 0.5 to 12 % by weight for chromium, 0.5 to 10 % by weight for manganese or 0.5 to 4.5 % by weight for silicon.
  3. Powder mixture according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the non-oxidising metal powder also includes one or more other alloying metals, such as vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, aluminium, copper, nickel, titanium.
  4. Powder mixture according to any of claims 1 to 3 wherein the powder particles of the non-oxidising metal powder mainly have a size of between 10 and 350 µm.
  5. Powder mixture according to any of claims 1 to 3 wherein the powder particles of the non-oxidising metal powder have a size of between 45 and 200 µm.
  6. Powder mixture according to any of the preceding claims wherein the powder particles of the non-oxidising metal powder are spherical.
  7. Composite material manufactured of the mixture according to any of the preceding claims.
EP08153706A 1998-08-06 1999-07-19 Alloyed, non-oxidising metal powder Withdrawn EP2163331A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9802682A SE521053C2 (en) 1998-08-06 1998-08-06 Use of an alloy non-oxidizing metal powder
EP99935265A EP1742753B1 (en) 1998-08-06 1999-07-19 Alloyed, non-oxidising metal powder

Related Parent Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
WOPCT/SE99/01293 Previously-Filed-Application 1999-07-19
EP99935265.1 Division 1999-07-19
EP99935265A Division EP1742753B1 (en) 1998-08-06 1999-07-19 Alloyed, non-oxidising metal powder

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2163331A1 true EP2163331A1 (en) 2010-03-17

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EP99935265A Expired - Lifetime EP1742753B1 (en) 1998-08-06 1999-07-19 Alloyed, non-oxidising metal powder
EP08153706A Withdrawn EP2163331A1 (en) 1998-08-06 1999-07-19 Alloyed, non-oxidising metal powder

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EP (2) EP1742753B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE402773T1 (en)
AU (1) AU5077899A (en)
DE (1) DE69939230D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2310427T3 (en)
SE (1) SE521053C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2000007759A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2772558A3 (en) * 2013-03-01 2014-10-22 Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. Sintered alloy and manufacturing method thereof

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100852497B1 (en) * 2007-03-12 2008-08-18 한양대학교 산학협력단 Fe based alloy having corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance and preparation method thereof
MX347082B (en) * 2010-02-15 2017-04-11 Federal-Mogul Corp A master alloy for producing sinter hardened steel parts and process for the production of sinter hardened parts.

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3890105A (en) * 1972-04-27 1975-06-17 Bluecher Wahlstatt Leichtmet Metallic sintering powder or alloy
JPS61276949A (en) * 1985-05-29 1986-12-06 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Manufacture of sintered parts
WO1993002818A1 (en) * 1991-08-07 1993-02-18 Kloster Speedsteel Aktiebolag High-speed steel manufactured by powder metallurgy
WO1996005007A1 (en) * 1994-08-10 1996-02-22 Höganäs Ab Iron-based powder containing chromium, molybdenum and manganese
US5522914A (en) * 1993-09-27 1996-06-04 Crucible Materials Corporation Sulfur-containing powder-metallurgy tool steel article
WO1997041986A1 (en) * 1996-04-18 1997-11-13 Rutger Larsson Konsult Ab A process and plant for producing atomized metal powder, metal powder and the use of the metal powder

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9302818B2 (en) * 2011-11-22 2016-04-05 Robert Beadles Reusable envelope

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3890105A (en) * 1972-04-27 1975-06-17 Bluecher Wahlstatt Leichtmet Metallic sintering powder or alloy
JPS61276949A (en) * 1985-05-29 1986-12-06 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Manufacture of sintered parts
WO1993002818A1 (en) * 1991-08-07 1993-02-18 Kloster Speedsteel Aktiebolag High-speed steel manufactured by powder metallurgy
US5522914A (en) * 1993-09-27 1996-06-04 Crucible Materials Corporation Sulfur-containing powder-metallurgy tool steel article
WO1996005007A1 (en) * 1994-08-10 1996-02-22 Höganäs Ab Iron-based powder containing chromium, molybdenum and manganese
WO1997041986A1 (en) * 1996-04-18 1997-11-13 Rutger Larsson Konsult Ab A process and plant for producing atomized metal powder, metal powder and the use of the metal powder

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2772558A3 (en) * 2013-03-01 2014-10-22 Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. Sintered alloy and manufacturing method thereof
US9982562B2 (en) 2013-03-01 2018-05-29 Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. Sintered alloy and manufacturing method thereof
US9982563B2 (en) 2013-03-01 2018-05-29 Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. Sintered alloy and manufacturing method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE9802682D0 (en) 1998-08-06
DE69939230D1 (en) 2008-09-11
SE9802682L (en) 2000-02-07
SE521053C2 (en) 2003-09-23
EP1742753B1 (en) 2008-07-30
ATE402773T1 (en) 2008-08-15
ES2310427T3 (en) 2009-01-01
WO2000007759A1 (en) 2000-02-17
AU5077899A (en) 2000-02-28
EP1742753A1 (en) 2007-01-17

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