EP2160416A2 - Polymeric microgel comprising cationic units - Google Patents
Polymeric microgel comprising cationic unitsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2160416A2 EP2160416A2 EP08760909A EP08760909A EP2160416A2 EP 2160416 A2 EP2160416 A2 EP 2160416A2 EP 08760909 A EP08760909 A EP 08760909A EP 08760909 A EP08760909 A EP 08760909A EP 2160416 A2 EP2160416 A2 EP 2160416A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- monomer
- units
- microgel
- cationic
- monomers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/001—Multistage polymerisation processes characterised by a change in reactor conditions without deactivating the intermediate polymer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/38—Polymerisation using regulators, e.g. chain terminating agents, e.g. telomerisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/52—Amides or imides
- C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
- C08F220/56—Acrylamide; Methacrylamide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/52—Amides or imides
- C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
- C08F220/60—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide containing nitrogen in addition to the carbonamido nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F293/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule
- C08F293/005—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule using free radical "living" or "controlled" polymerisation, e.g. using a complexing agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
Definitions
- Polymeric microgel comprising cationic units
- the present invention relates to novel polymeric microgels, and a method adapted for their preparation.
- the new microgels comprise cationic units.
- Microgels having a simple architecture (sometimes called first-generation microgels) or a star architecture with macromolecular branches at the periphery (sometimes called second generation microgels or star copolymer or star microgel) have been described. These microgels comprise a crosslinked polymeric core comprising units derived from monofunctional monomers, and units derived from polyfunctional monomers. In the case of microgels having a star architecture, the microgels have macromolecular branches at the periphery of the core.
- WO2004014535 describes for example microgels whose core has hydrophilic neutral units derived from acrylamide, or hydrophobic neutral units deriving from butyl acrylate.
- WO2006067325 describes, for example, star-shaped microgels whose core has neutral hydrophilic units derived from acrylamide, or potentially anionic units derived from acrylic acid.
- WO20051 16097 discloses a method for preparing star-shaped microgels whose core has hydrophilic neutral units derived from acrylamide, or potentially anionic units derived from acrylic acid.
- WO2000002939 and WO2001077198 disclose methods for preparing star-shaped microgels comprising macromolecular chains at the periphery of a core.
- WO0056792 discloses microgels comprising hydrophilic neutral units derived from acrylamide.
- microgels with star architecture comprising macromolecular chains at the periphery of a core.
- WO9831739 discloses microgels comprising hydrophobic neutral units such as tertbutyl styrene
- WO2004048428 and WO2004048429 disclose the preparation of microgels from neutral monofunctional units.
- optionally neutral C N hydrophilic or hydrophobic units deriving from at least one hydrophilic or hydrophobic neutral C N monomer, the microgel being different from a star copolymer comprising macromolecular branches at the periphery of the core.
- the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of microgels.
- the invention also relates to uses of the microgels.
- the invention also relates to compositions, preferably aqueous (comprising water), comprising the microgels.
- microgel is understood to mean a macromolecular compound, copolymer, having a core.
- the term microgel also refers to a nanogel if the sizes make this denomination more appropriate.
- a core is a chemically crosslinked macromolecule comprising units derived from a monomer comprising a single polymerizable function and units comprising at least two polymerizable functions.
- the microgel of the invention is different from a microgel comprising at the periphery of the heart of the macromolecular branches, linked to the heart.
- the term heart is used as opposed to macromolecular branches at the periphery.
- Microgels having a core and no branches on the periphery are macromolecular architectures known to those skilled in the art.
- the word "star copolymer" is sometimes also used to designate microgels comprising the macromolecular branches on the periphery of the heart.
- Heart C a microgel comprising a polymer core chemically crosslinked, but not comprising macromolecular branches on the periphery of the heart. These are microscopic macromolecules with intra-chain cross-links.
- cores C can be obtained by copolymerization of a monomer C having a single polymerizable group and a crosslinking monomer R having at least two polymerizable groups (monomer crosslinker), in the absence of surfactant, or in the presence of a small amount of surfactant (for example less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 5% by weight, or even less than 1% by weight or not at all) .
- they are distinguished from “nanolatex" polymers obtained by emulsion polymerization in the presence of high amounts of surfactants at thermodynamic equilibrium or near.
- the unit derived from a monomer denotes a unit that can be obtained directly from said monomer by polymerization.
- a unit derived from an acrylic or methacrylic acid ester does not cover a unit of the formula -CH 2 -CH (COOH) -, -CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) (COOH) -, - CH 2 - CH (OH) -, respectively, obtained for example by polymerizing an ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid, or vinyl acetate, respectively, and then hydrolyzing.
- a unit derived from acrylic or methacrylic acid for example covers a unit obtained by polymerizing a monomer (for example an acrylic or methacrylic acid ester), then reacting (for example by hydrolysis) the polymer obtained so as to obtain units of formula -CH 2 -CH (COOH) -, or - CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) (COOH) -.
- a unit derived from a vinyl alcohol for example covers a unit obtained by polymerizing a monomer (for example a vinyl ester), then reacting (for example by hydrolysis) the polymer obtained so as to obtain units of formula -CH 2 -CH (OH) -.
- the following symbols are defined:
- N R is the number of polymerizable functions (typically of ethylenically unsaturated functions) in a crosslinking monomer
- n R is the number of moles of monomer (s) crosslinking (s) R
- n ⁇ is the total number of moles of monomers (monomer (s) C + monomer (s) R)
- Nco n t r oi is the number of control groups in a control agent if such an agent is used in the polymerization
- hydrophobic for a monomer is used in its usual sense of "which has no affinity for water”; this means that the monomer can form a two-phase macroscopic solution in distilled water at 25 ° C, at a concentration greater than or equal to 1% by weight, or that it has been categorized as hydrophobic in the present application.
- hydrophilic for a monomer, is also used in its usual sense of "which has affinity for water”, that is to say is not likely to form a two-phase macroscopic solution in distilled water at 25 ° C at a concentration greater than or equal to 1% by weight, or that it has been categorized as hydrophilic in the present application.
- cationic or potentially cationic units units which comprise a cationic or potentially cationic group.
- Cationic units or groups are units or groups that have at least one positive charge (usually associated with one or more anions such as chloride ion, bromide ion, sulfate group, methylsulfate group), regardless of pH the medium in which the microgel is introduced.
- the potentially cationic units or groups are units or groups that can be neutral or have at least one positive charge depending on the pH of the medium the microgel is introduced. In this case, we will speak of potentially cationic units in neutral form or in cationic form. By extension we can speak of cationic or potentially cationic monomers.
- anionic or potentially anionic units are meant units which comprise an anionic or potentially anionic group.
- the anionic units or groups are units or groups which have at least one negative charge (generally associated with one or more cations such as cations of alkaline or alkaline earth compounds, for example sodium, or with one or more cationic compounds such as ammonium), regardless of the pH of the medium in which the microgel is present.
- the potentially anionic units or groups are units or groups that can be neutral or have at least one negative charge depending on the pH of the medium where the microgel is present. In this case we will speak of potentially anionic units in neutral form or in anionic form. By extension we can speak of anionic or potentially anionic monomers.
- Neutral units are units that do not have a charge, regardless of the pH of the medium in which the microgel is present.
- the microgel of the invention (Heart C) comprises:
- crosslinking units R derived from a crosslinking monomer R comprising at least two polymerizable groups
- - core units C derived from at least one monomer C comprising a single polymerizable group, comprising - cationic or potentially cationic units C cat derived from at least one monomer C cat cationic or potentially cationic
- neutral C N hydrophilic or hydrophobic units derived from at least one hydrophilic or hydrophobic neutral C N monomer.
- the polymerizable groups of the monomers C and R are preferably ethylenically unsaturated groups, preferably alpha-ethylenically unsaturated groups.
- the monomers C are thus preferably monoethylenically unsaturated monomers, preferably mono-alpha-ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
- the monomers R are thus preferably multiethylenically unsaturated monomers, preferably di- or tri-ethylenically unsaturated, for example di-alpha-ethylenically unsaturated or tri-alpha-ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
- the C units and the C monomers comprise several different units or derive from several different monomers. It is not excluded that the C ca units and the C ca monomers comprise several different units or derive from several different monomers. It is noted that the C units or the C monomers can comprise both C ca units and C N OR units can derive from both C ca and C N monomers.
- the C units and the monomers C may further optionally include other types of units, or may optionally derive other monomers.
- the units C may in particular comprise, in addition, zwitterionic units C z , derived from zwitterionic monomers C z , and / or anionic or potentially anionic units C A derived from anionic or potentially anionic monomers C A.
- microgel is likely to be obtained by a process implementing a controlled radical polymerization process, as explained below.
- the microgel is different from a star copolymer comprising a core C and at the periphery of the core of the macromolecular branches.
- the microgel may have a control group or a residue of such a group at ends of the polymeric molecules.
- the microgel may be presented in particular in the form of a powder, in the form of a dispersion in a liquid or in the form of a solution in a solvent. These last two forms can be assimilated to forms in dispersed environments.
- the microgel may for example be included in an aqueous medium (comprising water) for example in an aqueous medium or the like.
- the form generally depends on the requirements related to the use of the microgel. It can also be related to the microgel preparation process.
- the microgel may especially consist of crosslinked macromolecules of average size ranging from 5 nm to 10 ⁇ m, for example from 5 nm to 100 nm (we can speak of nanogels) or from 100 nm to 1 ⁇ m (for example from 100 nm to 200 ⁇ m).
- the microgel and its method of preparation, is preferably such that it does not form a macroscopic macromolecular crosslinked network (inter-chain crosslinking). If it is in a dispersed medium, for example in an aqueous medium, the microgel advantageously has a viscosity (Brookfield) of less than 20000 cP, preferably less than 10000 cP, at 25 ° C., at a shear of 100 s -1 or less, or preferably at a shear of 10 s -1 .
- microgels having cationic or potentially cationic units C ca could have particularly small sizes, and that processes employing monomers C ca could make it possible to substantially reduce the size of the microgels.
- the invention can make it possible to reduce the sizes in a simple manner.
- the microgel (Heart C), comprises polymerized units. All the units mentioned below are possible, as well as their combinations. Certain combinations are the subject of particular embodiments.
- N, N (dialkylaminoalkyl) amides of ⁇ - ⁇ monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids such as N, N-dimethylaminomethyl-acrylamide or methacrylamide, 2 (N, N-dimethylamino) ethyl-acrylamide or methacrylamide, 3 ( N, N-dimethylamino) propyl-acrylamide or methacrylamide, 4 (N, N-dimethylamino) butyl-acrylamide or
- ⁇ - ⁇ monoethylenically unsaturated amino esters such as 2 (dimethylamino) ethyl acrylate (ADAM), 2 (dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAM or MADAM), 3 (dimethylamino) propyl methacrylate, 2 (tert-butylamino) ethyl methacrylate 2 (dipentylamino) ethyl methacrylate, 2 (diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate • vinylpyridines
- Amine precursor monomers such as N-vinyl formamide, N-vinyl acetamide, which generate primary amine functions by simple acid or basic hydrolysis
- cationic monomers Cngt from which the cationic units C ca can be derived mention may be made of:
- ammonium-acryloyl or acryloyloxy monomers as
- ADAMQUAT acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium salts
- ADAMQUAT Cl or ADAMQUAT MeS acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium salts
- ADAEQUAT MeS methyldiethylammonium methyl ethyl acrylate
- DADMAC N-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride
- dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide chloride N- (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (DIQUAT chloride), dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide methylsulphate, N- (3-methylsulfate-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium (DIQUAT methylsulfate) - the monomer of formula where X " is an anion, preferably chloride or methylsulfate - their mixtures or combinations.
- Hydroxyalkyl esters of ⁇ - ⁇ ethylenically unsaturated acids such as hydroxyethyl acrylates, hydroxypropyl acrylates and methacrylates, glycerol monomethacrylates, ⁇ - ⁇ ethylenically unsaturated amides, such as acrylamide, methacrylamide and N, N; dimethyl methacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide ...
- Ethylenically unsaturated ⁇ - ⁇ monomers bearing a water-soluble polyoxyalkylene segment of the polyethylene oxide type such as polyethylene oxide ⁇ -methacrylates (BISOMER S20W, S10W, ... from LAPORTE) or ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethacrylates, SIPOMER RHODIA BEM (polyoxyethylene caset-behenyl methacrylate), the
- ⁇ - ⁇ ethylenically unsaturated monomers precursors of hydrophilic units or segments such as vinyl acetate which, once polymerized, can be hydrolysed to generate vinyl alcohol units or polyvinyl alcohol segments
- Vinyllactams such as vinylpyrrolidones, or N-vinylcaprolactam
- hydrophilic neutral monomers CiMnhnhR which can be derived from hydrophobic neutral units C Nph obe, mention may be made of:
- Vinylaromatic monomers such as styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, etc. • vinyl or vinylidene halides, such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride
- C 1 -C 12 alkyl esters of ⁇ - ⁇ monoethylenically unsaturated acids such as methyl, ethyl, butyl acrylates and methacrylates, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, etc. • vinyl or allyl esters of carboxylic acids saturated such as acetates, propionates, versatates, stearates ... vinyl or allyl
- ⁇ -olefins such as ethylene ... conjugated dienes, such as butadiene, isoprene, chloroprene,
- part B may be a silicone, for example a polydimethylsiloxane chain or a copolymer comprising dimethylsiloxy units,
- diethylene glycol ethyl ether acrylate or diethylene glycol ethyl ether methacrylate • their mixtures or combinations.
- anionic or potentially anionic monomers CA from which anionic or potentially anionic units C A may be derived, mention may be made of: monomers having at least one carboxylic function, such as ⁇ - ⁇ ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids or anhydrides corresponding, such as acrylic, methacrylic, maleic, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, N-methacrylalanine, N-acryloylglycine, and their water-soluble salts; precursor monomers of carboxylate functions, such as acrylate; tert-butyl, which, after polymerization, generate carboxylic functions by hydrolysis.
- carboxylic function such as ⁇ - ⁇ ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids or anhydrides corresponding, such as acrylic, methacrylic, maleic, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, N-methacrylalanine, N-acryloylglycine, and their water-soluble salts
- precursor monomers of carboxylate functions such as acryl
- Monomers having at least one sulphate or sulphonate function such as 2-sulphooxyethyl methacrylate, vinylbenzene sulphonic acid, allyl sulphonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid, sulphoethyl acrylate or methacrylate, acrylate or sulfopropyl methacrylate and their water-soluble salts
- Monomers having at least one phosphonate or phosphate function such as vinylphosphonic acid, esters of ethylenically unsaturated phosphates such as phosphates derived from hydroxyethyl methacrylate (Empicryl 6835 from RHODIA) and those derived from polyoxyalkylene methacrylates and their water-soluble salts • their mixtures or associations.
- phosphonate or phosphate function such as vinylphosphonic acid, esters of ethylenically unsaturated phosphates such as phosphates derived from hydroxyethyl methacrylate (Empicryl 6835 from RHODIA) and those derived from polyoxyalkylene methacrylates and their water-soluble salts • their mixtures or associations.
- Cz zwitterionic monomers from which Cz zwitterionic units may be derived, mention may be made of: the monomers carrying a carboxybetaine group,
- sulphobetaine group for example sulphopropyl dimethyl ammonium ethyl methacrylate (SPE), sulphoethyl dimethyl ammonium ethyl methacrylate, sulphobutyl dimethyl ammonium ethyl methacrylate, sulphohydroxypropyl dimethyl ammonium ethyl methacrylate (SHPE), sulphopropyl dimethylammonium propyl acrylamide, sulfopropyl dimethylammonium propyl methacrylamide (SPP), sulfohydroxypropyl dimethyl ammonium propyl methacrylamido (SHPP), sulfopropyl diethyl ammonium ethyl methacrylate, or sulfohydroxypropyl diethyl ammonium ethyl methacrylate,
- SPE sulphopropyl dimethyl ammonium ethyl methacrylate
- the crosslinking monomers R from which R crosslinking units may be derived may in particular be chosen from organic compounds comprising at least two ethylenic unsaturations and at most 10 unsaturations and known to be reactive by a radical route. Preferably, these monomers have two or three ethylenic unsaturations.
- acrylic, methacrylic, acrylamido, methacrylamido, vinyl ester, vinylether, diene, styrenic, alpha-methylstyrenic and allyl derivatives may also contain functional groups other than ethylenic unsaturations, for example hydroxyl, carboxyl, ester, amide, amino or substituted amino, mercapto, silane, epoxy or halogen functions.
- the monomers belonging to these families are divinylbenzene and derivatives of divinylbenzene, vinyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid anhydride, allyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, phenylene dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol 200 dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol 400 dimethacrylate, butanediol 1,3-dimethacrylate, butanediol 1,4-dimethacrylate, 1,6-dimethacrylate hexanediol, dodecanediol 1,12-dimethacrylate, glycerol 1,3-dimethacrylate, diurethane dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate.
- vinyl acrylate epoxy bisphenol A diacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol 600 diacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, ethoxylated neopentyl glycol diacrylate, butanediol diacrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, aliphatic urethane diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, propoxylated trimethylolpropane, propoxylated glycerol triacrylate, aliphatic urethane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate.
- vinyl ethers there may be mentioned vinyl crotonate, diethylene glycoldivinyl ether, butanediol-1,4-divinyl ether, and triethylene glycol divinyl ether.
- allyl derivatives there may be mentioned diallyl phthalate, diallyldimethylammonium chloride, diallyl maleate, sodium diallyloxyacetate, diallylphenylphosphine, diallylpyrocarbonate, diallyl succinate, N, N'-diallyltartardiamide, N, N-diallyl- 2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide, allyl ester of diallyloxy acetic acid, 1,3-diallylurea, triallylamine, triallyl trimesate, triallyl cyanurate, triallyl trimellitate, triallyl-1,3,5-triazine- 2,4,6 (1H, 3H, 5H) -trione.
- acrylamido derivatives there may be mentioned N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide, N, N'-methylenebismethacrylamide, glyoxal bisacrylamide, diacrylamido acetic acid.
- styrenic derivatives there may be mentioned divinylbenzene and 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene.
- diene monomers there may be mentioned butadiene, chloroprene and isoprene.
- N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), divinylbenzene (DVB), ethylene glycol diacrylate, triallycyanurate (TAC) or trimethylolpropane triacrylate are preferred.
- These multiethylenically unsaturated monomers can be used alone or in mixtures.
- the microgel comprises C N units
- it may advantageously be C Np h ⁇ ie units derived from a hydrophilic neutral monomer C Np h ⁇ ie-
- the molar ratio between Ccat units and C N units, preferably C Np h ⁇ ie, may especially be between 1/99 and 99/1, preferably between 1/99 and 50/50, preferably between 1/99 and 40/60, preferably between 1/99 and 25/75, for example between 2/99 and 10/90.
- Microgels whose composition in C units is as follows can in particular be prepared:
- APTAC / AM for example with an APTAC / AM mole ratio of 1/99 to 40/60, preferably 5/95 to 30/70.
- DIQUAT / AM for example with a molar ratio DIQUAT / AM of 1/99 to 10/90
- MAPTAC / AM for example with a MAPTAC / AM mole ratio of 1/99 to 10/90
- Particularly advantageous processes use a controlled (or "living") polymerization, using an agent or a control group (sometimes referred to as a transfer group), for example by a controlled radical polymerization process ( or “living”).
- a controlled radical polymerization process or "living”
- Such methods are known to those skilled in the art. It is mentioned that it is not excluded to use other methods, including ring-opening polymerizations (especially anionic or cationic), anionic or cationic polymerizations.
- copolymers obtained as above by controlled radical polymerization can undergo a purification reaction of their sulfur chain end, for example by hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, pyrolysis or substitution type processes) the method of the WO application 99/03894 which implements a polymerization in the presence of nitroxide precursors, - the method of the application WO 96/30421 which uses a radical polymerization by atom transfer (ATRP), the method of radical polymerization controlled by iniferters type control agents according to the teaching of Otu et al., Makromol. Chem. Rapid.
- ATRP radical polymerization by atom transfer
- agents or control groups having a group -S-CS- (Xanthates, dithioesters, trithiocarbonates, dithiocabamates, dithiocarbazates, etc.) are particularly interesting.
- a practical process for the preparation of the microgel is a preparation process comprising the following step a): step a) polymerization, preferably controlled radical polymerization, of a monomer mixture comprising:
- a hydrophilic or hydrophobic neutral monomer C N optionally a hydrophilic or hydrophobic neutral monomer C N , the process not comprising a subsequent polymerization step that can lead to the formation of macromolecular branches at the periphery.
- the ratio between the units C and the units R can be identical.
- step a) can in particular be carried out by bringing into contact: the monomers, a control agent, for example an agent comprising a group -S-CS-, and a source of free radicals.
- a control agent for example an agent comprising a group -S-CS-, and a source of free radicals.
- step a) can be followed by an optional step b) of chemical modification of the macromolecular chains and / or deactivation of transfer groups carried by macromolecular chains, destruction or purification of by-products of the modification. chemical and / or deactivation.
- Chemical modification steps of the macromolecular chains are aimed at adding functional groups to the chains, removing groups from the macromolecular chains or substituting groups of macromolecular chains. These groups may in particular be carried by units derived from monomers or worn in macromolecular chain ends. Such processes are known to those skilled in the art. Examples include complete or partial hydrolysis steps, or complete or partial crosslinking steps.
- the polymerization step a) will generally be carried out in the presence of a control agent (or transfer agent) having a control group (or transfer group).
- the control group is preferably a group of formula -S-CS-. It is preferably a non-polymeric transfer agent comprising a control group of formula -S-CS-.
- Control groups of the formula -S-CS- and compounds comprising these groups, in particular control agents, are known to those skilled in the art and are described in the literature. In particular, reference is made to the list established above. They can in particular be selected according to their reactivity with respect to certain monomers, and / or according to their solubility in the reaction medium.
- the control group can include a group of formula -S-CS-Z- where Z is an oxygen atom, a carbon atom, a sulfur atom, a phosphorus atom or a silicon atom, these atoms being optionally substituted so as to have an appropriate valence .
- Z is an oxygen atom, a carbon atom, a sulfur atom, a phosphorus atom or a silicon atom, these atoms being optionally substituted so as to have an appropriate valence .
- an agent of Xanthate type having a control group of formula -S-CS-O-.
- the polymerization step a) will generally be carried out in the presence of a source of free radicals.
- a source of free radicals for certain monomers, such as styrene, the free radicals for initiating the polymerization can be generated by a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer, at sufficiently high temperatures generally above 100 ° C. In this case, it is not , necessary to add a source of additional free radicals.
- the useful free radical source is usually a radical polymerization initiator.
- the radical polymerization initiator may be chosen from initiators conventionally used in radical polymerization. It can be for example one of the following initiators:
- hydrogen peroxides such as tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl peroxyacetate, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, t-butylperoxyoctoate, t-butylperoxynethodecanoate and t-butylperoxyisobutarate; , lauroyl peroxide, t-amylperoxypivalte, t-butylperoxypivalate, dicumyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate,
- azo compounds such as: 2-2'-azobis (isobutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis (2-butanenitrile), 4,4'-azobis (4-pentanoic acid), 1,1 ' azobis (cyclohexane-carbonitrile), 2- (t-butylazo) -2-cyanopropane, 2,2'-azobis [2-methyl-N- (1,1) -bis (hydroxymethyl) -2-hydroxyethyl] propionamide, 2,2'-azobis (2-methyl-N-hydroxyethyl) -propionamide, 2,2'-azobis (N, N'-dimethyleneisobutyramidine) dichloride, 2,2'-azobis dichloride (2 -amidinopropane), 2,2'-azobis (N, N'-dimethyleneisobutyramide), 2,2'-azobis (2-methyl-N- [1,1-bis (hydroxymethyl) -2-hydroxyethyl] propionamide) 2,2'-azobis (2
- alkali metal or ammonium persulfates perborate or perchlorate in combination with an alkali metal bisulfite, such as sodium metabisulphite, and reducing sugars, and alkali metal persulfates in combination with an arylphosphinic acid, such as as benzene phosphonic acid and the like, and reducing sugars.
- the amount of initiator to be used is preferably determined so that the amount of radicals generated is at most 50 mol%, preferably at most 20 mol%, based on the amount of the agent. control or transfer. It is mentioned that the polymerization can be carried out by heating, in known manner, so as to initiate and / or maintain the polymerization process. For example, it is possible to operate at temperatures of 50 ° C. to 100 ° C. The degree of polymerization, and the masses, can be controlled by controlling the polymerization time. In particular, it is possible to stop the polymerization by lowering the temperature.
- the polymerizations may be carried out in any appropriate physical form, for example by solution polymerization in an aqueous medium (comprising water), for example in water or in an aqueous-alcoholic medium (for example, hydro-ethanol) or in a solvent for example an alcohol (for example ethanol) or THF, or by emulsion polymerization, preferably in inverse emulsion, if necessary by controlling the temperature and / or the pH in order to make liquid and / or soluble species or insoluble.
- the polymerization is preferably carried out in solution, as opposed to dispersed phase polymerizations (emulsion, microemulsion, polymerization with precipitation of the polymer formed). It is preferred to keep the microgel in solution after such polymerization.
- microgels are preferably obtained directly after the polymerization and the possible deactivation, elimination or destruction of transfer groups, without functionalization step after the polymerization.
- the respective and relative amounts of monomer (s) C, crosslinking monomer (s), and control agent can be varied to control the size generated macromolecules, and / or in order to control the non-formation of a macroscopic macromolecular network.
- the polymerization is performed in the presence of a control agent in an amount such that (N * n C ⁇ ntroi C ⁇ ntroi / ⁇ n) is from 0.05 to 10%, preferably from 0.1 to 10%, preferably from 0.2 to 5%.
- the polymerization is carried out in the presence of crosslinking monomers R in an amount such that (N R / 2) * (n R / n ⁇ ) is from 0.01 to 40 mol%, preferably from 0.1 to 40% by weight. in moles, preferably from 1 to 40 mol%, for example from 5 to 20%.
- the polymerization is preferably carried out in the presence of a control agent and R-crosslinking monomer (s) in amounts such that r ⁇ 0.05, especially in one or both of the ranges mentioned above. preferably r ⁇ 0.1, preferably r ⁇ 0.2, preferably r ⁇ 0.25, preferably r ⁇ 0.3.
- a control agent and R-crosslinking monomer (s) in amounts such that r ⁇ 0.05, especially in one or both of the ranges mentioned above. preferably r ⁇ 0.1, preferably r ⁇ 0.2, preferably r ⁇ 0.25, preferably r ⁇ 0.3.
- the higher r the further away from a potential zone of macroscopic unwanted macromolecular lattice formation.
- the presence of the monomers C ca can make it possible to operate in areas where r is relatively low, lower than in the absence of such a monomer, which widens the field of operability (especially the a field in which macroscopic macromolecular networks are not formed), and broadens the range of products that can be prepared, particularly in terms of size and / or density of the microgel molecules. It is not excluded that the number r is greater than or equal to 0.5 or 1.
- the microgels of the invention can in particular be used for the treatment and / or the modification of surfaces. They can in particular be used in the field of coatings (for example in the field of paints), or as an additive to the coating, or as pretreatment, for example intended to improve the adhesion of a subsequent coating.
- the microgels of the invention can in particular provide healing properties of the coatings.
- microgels of the invention may especially be used in the medical field. In this area, they can be used as asset holders, allowing for a controlled release of assets. They can be used in particular as biomaterials or biocompatible materials on prostheses or patches or dressings.
- microgels of the invention can in particular be used for the microstructuration or nanostructuration of surfaces.
- microgels of the invention can in particular be used as supports or vectors of various materials, for example for inorganic materials, or for enzymes. They can for example be used to support catalysts, in particular inorganic catalysts. They can be used for the synthesis of nanometric inorganic supports. Sometimes we talk about "templates" in English.
- microgels of the invention can in particular be used to trap or separate or entrain molecules.
- they can be used to trap or separate molecules having a particular affinity with cationic units, for example anionic units. They can be used in purification processes, for example in water purification processes.
- microgels of the invention can be used as additives for modifying the rheology of liquid compositions, especially aqueous liquid compositions. It may be fluidification, or viscosity if they are interacted with other suitable products.
- microgels of the invention may especially be used in inks, or in paper products, for example in paper coating compositions.
- the microgels of the invention may especially be used in cosmetic compositions, in particular in compositions for treating the skin and / or the hair, in particular in compositions intended to be rinsed.
- the cosmetic compositions of interest may in particular comprise at least one surfactant, such as anionic, amphoteric, cationic and / or nonionic surfactant.
- surfactant such as anionic, amphoteric, cationic and / or nonionic surfactant.
- compositions particular mention may be made of creams, milks or lotions not rinsed for application to the skin, sun protection compositions, hair dye compositions, shampoos, after shampoos, shower gels, facial cleansers.
- microgels of the invention may especially be used in oil and / or gas field exploitation compositions. It may especially be drilling fluids, completion fluids, stimulation fluids, fracturing fluids, production compositions, assisted oil recovery composition.
- the polymerization reactions are carried out under a slight argon purge in simple glass equipment immersed in a preheated oil bath at 70 0 C.
- free radical generators on 4 4'-cyanopentanoic acid (4'-azobis) or 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (V50).
- the crosslinking agent used in the following examples is N, N'-methylene- (bis) acrylamide (MBA).
- the cationic monomer used below is APTAC. In all the syntheses below, a 75% by weight solution of APTAC in water is used.
- the neutral hydrophilic monomer used below is acrylamide (AM), and for reasons of toxicity it is handled from aqueous solutions.
- AM acrylamide
- the conversion of the first-generation polymer is evaluated by analyzing the (co) polymers in size exclusion chromatography (CES), or by gas chromatography (GC) of the residual monomers, or by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
- the weight average molar masses Mw absolute (g.mol -1 ) are measured by these MALS
- ACP 4, 4'-azobis of 4-cyanopentanoic acid
- V50 2,2'azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride
- reaction mixture is brought to 65 ° C. At this temperature 0.108 g (3.98 ⁇ 10 -4 mol) of V 50 are added all at once, and the reaction is continued for 5 hours.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR0704240A FR2917415B1 (en) | 2007-06-14 | 2007-06-14 | POLYMERIC MICROGEL COMPRISING CATIONIC UNITS |
PCT/EP2008/057365 WO2008155282A2 (en) | 2007-06-14 | 2008-06-12 | Polymeric microgel comprising cationic units |
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EP2160416A2 true EP2160416A2 (en) | 2010-03-10 |
EP2160416B1 EP2160416B1 (en) | 2013-05-01 |
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EP08760909.5A Not-in-force EP2160416B1 (en) | 2007-06-14 | 2008-06-12 | Polymeric microgel comprising cationic units |
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US (1) | US20110092634A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2160416B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2917415B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008155282A2 (en) |
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ES2365315B1 (en) * | 2010-03-18 | 2013-01-24 | Universidad Del Pais Vasco | CATIÓN NANOGELS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS. |
FR2965564B1 (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-10-26 | Rhodia Operations | PREPARATION OF HIGH-MASS HYDROPHILIC POLYMERS BY CONTROLLED RADICAL POLYMERIZATION |
FR2987837B1 (en) * | 2012-03-09 | 2014-03-14 | Rhodia Operations | RADICAL CONTROLLED POLYMERIZATION IN WATER-IN-WATER DISPERSION |
FR3079833B1 (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2020-10-09 | Rhodia Operations | GELIFIED AQUEOUS COMPOSITION FOR OIL EXTRACTION |
FR3083238A1 (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2020-01-03 | Rhodia Operations | PROGRESSIVE RELEASE OF POLYMER CHAINS IN A LIQUID MEDIUM |
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AUPO460797A0 (en) * | 1997-01-15 | 1997-02-06 | University Of Melbourne, The | Polymerisation process |
FR2764892B1 (en) * | 1997-06-23 | 2000-03-03 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF BLOCK POLYMERS |
BR9815179A (en) * | 1997-12-18 | 2000-10-10 | Du Pont | Process for producing a polymer, polymer, coating composition and chain transfer agent. |
AUPP337298A0 (en) * | 1998-05-07 | 1998-05-28 | University Of Melbourne, The | Process for microgel preparation |
AU771233B2 (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2004-03-18 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing a polymer reaction product |
JP4500450B2 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2010-07-14 | ビーエーエスエフ コーティングス アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Coating composition |
FR2794463B1 (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2005-02-25 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF POLYMERS BY CONTROLLED RADICAL POLYMERIZATION USING HALOGENATED XANTHATES |
AU5002300A (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2001-01-30 | Isp Investments Inc. | Crosslinked cationic microgels, process for making same and hair care compositions therewith |
FR2802208B1 (en) * | 1999-12-09 | 2003-02-14 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF POLYMERS BY CONTROLLED RADICAL POLYMERIZATION USING XANTHATES |
FR2812293B1 (en) * | 2000-07-28 | 2002-12-27 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | METHOD FOR SYNTHESIS OF BLOCK POLYMERS BY CONTROLLED RADICAL POLYMERIZATION |
FR2843314B1 (en) * | 2002-08-06 | 2004-09-24 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | SYNTHESIS OF STATISTICAL MICROGELS BY CONTROLLED RADICAL POLYMERIZATION |
WO2004044023A1 (en) * | 2002-11-07 | 2004-05-27 | Rhodia Chimie | Controlled structure copolymer comprising an amphoteric or zwitterionic part |
FR2868783B1 (en) * | 2004-04-07 | 2006-06-16 | Snf Sas Soc Par Actions Simpli | NOVEL ASSOCIATIVE AMPHOTERIC POLYMERS OF HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT AND THEIR APPLICATIONS |
EP1738546A4 (en) * | 2004-04-21 | 2008-03-12 | Alcatel Wireless Inc | Media gateway interconnection routing in a distributed mobile switching center environment |
US7507439B2 (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2009-03-24 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Use and preparation of crosslinked polymer particles for inkjet recording materials |
FR2870245B1 (en) * | 2004-05-14 | 2008-08-22 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | SYNTHESIS OF MIKTO STAR-SHAPED COPOLYMERS BY CONTROLLED RADICAL POLYMERIZATION |
FR2894971B1 (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2008-05-16 | Rhodia Recherches & Tech | COMPOSITION FOR TREATING AND / OR MODIFYING HARD SURFACES, COMPRISING A SYNTHETIC POLYMER |
FR2937336B1 (en) * | 2008-10-22 | 2011-06-10 | Rhodia Operations | COMPOSITION FOR HOUSEHOLD CARE COMPRISING A CATIONIC NANOGEL |
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2007
- 2007-06-14 FR FR0704240A patent/FR2917415B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-06-12 EP EP08760909.5A patent/EP2160416B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-06-12 US US12/664,312 patent/US20110092634A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-06-12 WO PCT/EP2008/057365 patent/WO2008155282A2/en active Application Filing
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FR2917415B1 (en) | 2012-10-12 |
WO2008155282A3 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
US20110092634A1 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
WO2008155282A2 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
FR2917415A1 (en) | 2008-12-19 |
EP2160416B1 (en) | 2013-05-01 |
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