EP2151582A2 - Machine de traitement des écoulements - Google Patents

Machine de traitement des écoulements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2151582A2
EP2151582A2 EP09009508A EP09009508A EP2151582A2 EP 2151582 A2 EP2151582 A2 EP 2151582A2 EP 09009508 A EP09009508 A EP 09009508A EP 09009508 A EP09009508 A EP 09009508A EP 2151582 A2 EP2151582 A2 EP 2151582A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
main flow
flow path
plane
blade
channel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09009508A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2151582A3 (fr
Inventor
Volker Gümmer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd and Co KG
Original Assignee
Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd and Co KG filed Critical Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd and Co KG
Publication of EP2151582A2 publication Critical patent/EP2151582A2/fr
Publication of EP2151582A3 publication Critical patent/EP2151582A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
    • F04D29/522—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/526—Details of the casing section radially opposing blade tips
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/68—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers
    • F04D29/681—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/685—Inducing localised fluid recirculation in the stator-rotor interface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fluid flow machine with reverse channel according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • fluid flow machines either have no special features to remedy this situation, or so-called casing treatments are used as a countermeasure.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a fluid flow machine of the type mentioned, which has a very effective boundary layer control in the blade tip area while avoiding the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the invention thus relates to a portion of the annular channel of a fluid flow machine, in the region of a blade row with free end and running gap, in which a series of circumferentially distributed reversing channels is provided, the spatially compact and streamlined return fluid to a further upstream location.
  • the invention relates to arrangements with a running gap and relative movement between the blade end and the main flow path boundary, both on the housing and on the hub.
  • the present invention thus relates to fluid flow machines such as fans, compressors, pumps and fans, in both axial, semi-axial and radial designs.
  • the working medium or fluid may be gaseous or liquid.
  • the turbomachine may include one or more stages, each having a rotor and a stator, in some cases the stage is merely formed by a rotor.
  • the rotor consists of a number of blades, which are connected to the rotating shaft of the machine and deliver energy to the working fluid.
  • the rotor can be designed with or without shroud on the outer blade end.
  • the stator consists of a number of stationary blades, which can be designed on the hub side as the housing side with a fixed or free blade end.
  • the rotor drum and the blading are usually surrounded by a housing, in other cases, for. As in propellers or propellers, no housing exists.
  • the machine can also have a stator in front of the first rotor, a so-called leading wheel. At least one stator or Vorleitrad may - unlike the immovable fixation - be rotatably mounted to change the angle of attack. An adjustment is made for example by a spindle accessible from outside the annular channel.
  • the turbomachine may have at least one row of adjustable rotors.
  • said multi-stage turbomachine may have two counterrotating shafts so that the rotor blade rows change direction of rotation from stage to stage. There are no stators between successive rotors.
  • the fluid flow machine can alternatively have a bypass configuration such that the single-flow annular channel divides behind a certain row of blades into two concentric annular channels, which in turn accommodate at least one additional row of blades.
  • the Fig.2 shows examples according to the invention relevant flow machines.
  • the 3a shows the solution according to the invention of a row of blades 5 with a free end and a running gap 11 in the meridian plane formed by the axial direction x and the radial direction r.
  • the running gap 11 separates the blade tip from a component belonging to the main flow path 2 at the hub 3 or the housing 1 of the fluid flow machine.
  • the main flow direction is shown with a thick arrow. Upstream and / or downstream of the blade row with running gap 11, further rows of blades 8 may be located.
  • the leading edge point of the blade 5 at the running gap is denoted by LE.
  • the trailing edge point of the blade 5 at the nip 11 is designated TE.
  • a series of circumferentially distributed reversing channels 7 is provided in the region of the running gap 11.
  • Each reversing channel 7 connects in each case a removal opening 12 with a further upstream supply opening 13.
  • the figure shows the outline or the projection of a single reversing channel 7 in the meridian plane.
  • a slim arrow shows the flow path provided by the invention through the reversing channel 7 in this plane.
  • the course of the return passage 7 is such that fluid is taken from the edge of the main flow path 2 through an opening 12, aligned close to the main flow path 2 substantially parallel to the main flow path boundary, upstream against the main flow direction, and finally through a flat angle flow reversal the main flow direction 2 is returned to the main flow path.
  • the reversal channel 7 has an extension and shaping in the circumferential direction that is not recognizable in the meridian plane considered here.
  • the flow direction reversal from "against the main flow” to "with the main flow” is achieved according to the invention to a large extent in the plane formed by the circumferential direction u and the meridional direction m.
  • the center line of the reverse channel 7 results from the connection of all cross-sectional areas of gravity of the return channel 7.
  • the projection of the center line into the meridian plane is in Fig. 3a and 3b as an arrow showing the course of the fluid.
  • the inclination of the midline relative to the main flow path boundary is characteristic in the invention and is measured by the angle of inclination ⁇ formed between a parallel to the tangent to the main flow path boundary at the point CGD and the tangent to the projected center line of the return channel.
  • An upstream inclination of the center line results in angle values of .alpha.> 90.degree.
  • 270.degree. May arise, in particular in the vicinity of the feed opening.
  • the meridian coordinate m points in the main flow direction and may be inclined against the axial direction x as shown in the figure, given a corresponding inclination of the flow path.
  • the normal direction to m is indicated by the normal coordinate n.
  • Fig. 3a drawn views YY and ZZ used for a more detailed explanation of the invention.
  • the view Y-Y is directed counter to the main flow direction and clarifies the geometry of the reversal channels 7 according to the invention in the plane formed by the circumferential coordinate u and normal coordinate n.
  • the view Z-Z allows a view of the developed surface of the main flow path boundary and illustrates the geometry of the reversal channels 7 according to the invention in the plane formed by the meridional coordinate m and the circumferential coordinate u.
  • the Fig. 3b shows a modification of the in Fig. 3a
  • the return passage 7 is such that fluid is withdrawn from the edge of the main flowpath, oriented upstream of the main flowpath at a shallow angle to the main flowpath boundary, upstream against the main flowdirection, and finally through a flow reversal below one as well flat angle to the main flow path boundary in the main flow path 7 is returned.
  • the fluid guide is directed from the point H to exclusively to Hauptströmungspfadberandung out and the reverse channel 7 approaches the main flow path in this section at an increasingly flat angle in the main flow direction.
  • the section of the reversing channel with downstream directed fluid guide then applies: 270 ° ⁇ ⁇ 360 °.
  • Particularly favorable solutions provide an inclination angle ⁇ of greater than 335 ° at the feed opening.
  • the Fig. 3c defines further variables relevant to the invention. Shown here are now only the main flow path boundary, a part of the blade and the center line of the return channel 7 with its characteristic points CGD, CGU and H. Distances between these points are measured perpendicular or parallel to the tangent to the main flow path boundary at point CGD. Thus, between the points CGU and H the meridional distance a and between the points CGD and H the meridional distance b. The normal height h results perpendicularly to this as the distance between CGD and H.
  • the variables a, b and h are suitable for determining dimensional ratios of the reversing channel 7 according to the invention.
  • the Fig. 3d shows the in Fig. 3b and 3c illustrated inventive solution in the views YY and ZZ.
  • the view ZZ on the right-hand side of the picture shows a view of a section of the developed main flow path boundary in the plane formed from the circumferential direction u and meridian direction m.
  • the blade tips of the considered blade row and the connecting line of the leading edge points LE are shown in dashed lines for better orientation, even though they are not actually in the viewing plane ZZ.
  • the distance between two adjacent profiles on the blade tip is marked as a blade pitch tS.
  • the distance between two adjacent centers of gravity of a removal opening is marked with tD.
  • the distance between two neighboring centers of gravity of a feed opening is marked with tU.
  • the thick arrow indicated by dashed lines indicates the relative movement in the circumferential direction provided between the blades and the main flow path boundary.
  • the arrangement according to the invention consists of a series of circumferentially distributed reversing channels, each reversing channel connecting a removal opening OD with a centroid CGD and a delivery opening OU with a centroid CGU.
  • the thin curved arrow in one of the return channels represents the projection of the centerline of the return channel in the m-u plane.
  • centroids The location of the centroids is primarily relevant to the invention, the exact form of the extraction and supply ports, however, of secondary importance.
  • the removal opening OD may be partially or completely provided downstream of the leading edge line and the supply opening OU partially or completely upstream of the leading edge line.
  • At least one of the distances tU (distance between two adjacent centroids of a feed opening) and tD (distance between two adjacent centroids of a discharge opening) forms an integer multiple or an integral divisor of the blade pitch tS.
  • the view YY on the left of the image shows a section of the main flow path boundary with a plurality of reverse channels, shown in a plane formed from the circumferential direction u and normal direction n.
  • the curved thin arrow which is shown by way of example for all reversal channels in one of the reversing channels, marks the course of the fluid guide. Also shown is a blade tip and a thick arrow to mark their direction relative to the Hauptströmungspfadberandung.
  • the Fig. 3e shows further invention relevant variables in a section of the view ZZ from the preceding Fig. 3d , Here only a selected reverse channel 7 with its two openings and the (projection of) the center line are shown.
  • further characteristic points are defined: the known point of maximum current extension H, the point of maximum circumferential extension against the relative direction of movement of the blade row S and the point of maximum circumferential extent in the direction of relative movement of the blade row Q.
  • the point S or the point Q is identical to CGU or CGD.
  • a low-loss fluid reversal at a ratio of a to d of less than 1.5 is advantageous and is particularly favored at ratios a / d ⁇ 0.7.
  • the supply port according to the invention can be arranged offset relative to the removal opening of the same reverse channel 7 against the relative movement of the blade row in the circumferential direction.
  • the Fig. 3f now shows a configuration according to the invention, in which the feed opening is arranged offset relative to the removal opening of the same reverse channel 7 in the direction of relative movement of the blade row in the circumferential direction.
  • the exact shape of the extraction and supply ports of minor importance is an example of elliptical opening cross-sections shown.
  • the Fig. 3g shows a configuration according to the invention, in which the supply opening opposite to the removal opening of the same reverse channel 7 against the relative movement of the Blade row is arranged offset in the circumferential direction.
  • the ratio of a / d is recognizable below 1.
  • the view Y-Y reveals that here the reversing channel, starting from the removal opening, is initially inclined in the direction of the relative movement of the blade row.
  • the start inclination of the inversion channel in the u-n plane according to the invention is defined by the angle ⁇ enclosed between the main flow path boundary and the projection of the center line of the reversal channel in this plane. Inclination angles ⁇ below 45 ° are particularly advantageous ( ⁇ ⁇ 45 °).
  • the Fig. 3h shows a configuration according to the invention, in which the supply opening is arranged offset relative to the removal opening of the same reverse channel 7 in the direction of relative movement of the blade row in the circumferential direction.
  • the ratio of a / d is close to 1.
  • the reversing channel is here also initially inclined in the direction of the relative movement of the blade row starting from the removal opening.
  • the Fig. 3i shows a configuration according to the invention, in which the supply opening opposite to the removal opening of the same reverse channel 7 is arranged offset against the relative movement of the blade row in the circumferential direction.
  • the ratio of a / d is well above 1.
  • this figure shows that at least a part of the border edges of the removal opening is oriented substantially in the direction of the blade chord. This means small differences between the inclination of the tangent to the removal opening (angle ⁇ ) and the inclination of the chord (angle ⁇ ) with amounts less than 15 °.
  • the view Y-Y shows that the reversing channel is here, starting from the removal opening, initially inclined in the direction of the relative movement of the row of blades.
  • the return passage in the region of the supply opening is also inclined in the direction of the relative movement of the blade row.
  • This final inclination of the inversion channel in the u-n plane is determined according to the invention by the angle ⁇ enclosed between the main flow path boundary and the projection of the center line of the reversal channel in this plane. Inclination angles ⁇ between 30 ° and 150 ° are particularly advantageous (30 ° ⁇ ⁇ 150 °).
  • Fig. 3j and 3k show further similar configurations according to the invention.
  • the Fig. 3I shows a further possible according to the invention particularity of the reverse channel 7.
  • YY un-plane
  • a (projected) centerline with crossover such that the return channel 7, starting from the discharge opening 12 at an inclination angle of the Schoströmungspfadberandung away and then takes a loop-like course, which leads him back towards the feed opening 13 to Stilströmungspfadberandung.
  • Fig. 3m and 3n show configuration according to the invention of the reverse channel 7, in which the centroid of the supply port 13 CGU is provided with respect to its circumferential position (u-direction) between the centroids of the removal openings CGD of the next two adjacent return channels 7 and as a result, an overlap of adjacent return channels 7 in the YY View (un level).
  • the illustration here even shows the special case that the supply opening is provided with respect to its circumferential position (u-direction) between the removal openings of the next two adjacent return channels 7.
  • the return passage 7 is principally such that fluid is taken from the edge of the main flowpath, oriented upstream of the main flowpath at a shallow angle to the main flowpath boundary, directed upstream against the main flowdirection, and finally through one Flow reversal is returned at a also shallow angle to the main flow path boundary in the main flow path.
  • the removal opening 12 is arranged here completely downstream of the leading edge line LE.
  • Favorable solutions according to the invention provide, with respect to the meridional flow direction m, an arrangement of the center of gravity of the removal opening 12 CGD between the leading edge LE and a point at half the tread depth at the blade tip (point M, in the middle between LE and TE).
  • the 4b to 4e show several variants of the invention of the reverse channel 7 Fig. 4a in the view YY (un-level) and the view ZZ (mu-level).
  • the Fig. 4f shows a spatial representation of the return channel 7 Fig. 4a and 4e ,
  • the Fig. 4g and 4h each show a variant according to the invention, in which the removal opening 12 is formed by a particularly flat accumulation inlet. Characteristic of this is initially an angle of inclination of the projected center line in the un-level of ⁇ ⁇ 25 °. Particularly favorable is a diverging in the inflow direction of the side edges SK1 and SK2 of the removal opening.
  • the removal opening 12 and its edges can, as in Fig. 4g represented symmetrically or even straight, or, as in Fig. 4h shown to be curved.
  • the Fig. 4i finally shows a spatial representation of the removal opening 12 according to the invention.
  • the Fig. 4j shows a variant according to the invention, in which the removal openings 12 adjacent adjacent return channels 12 directly adjacent to each other.
  • the illustrated variant shows a rectilinear edge arrangement, but other variants with adjacent at least one point discharge openings 12 adjacent return channels 7 also according to the invention.
  • Fig. 5a and 5b show a solution according to the invention, in which the supply opening 13 is provided in a reaching to downstream of the leading edge line groove.
  • the groove may be parallel or, as shown here, inclined to meridian flow direction.
  • the Fig. 6a to 6c show solutions according to the invention for configurations with an abradable coating on the main flow path boundary.
  • the Fig. 6a shows the case of a two-part squared lining 14, wherein a part in front of and behind the zone of the removal openings 12 is provided in each case.
  • the blade has a shallow recess over the area not covered by the anti-friction coating 14.
  • the Fig. 6b also shows a case with two-part squint coating 14, wherein one part in front of and behind the zone of the extraction openings 12 is provided in each case.
  • the blade has here only in the two short areas each have a shallow recess which are provided between the region of the removal openings 12 and the respective edge of the squeal 14.
  • FIG. 1 shows a case with a shortened abradable coating 14, this being provided behind the zone of the removal openings 12.
  • a shortened abradable coating 14 In front of the removal opening there are a number of grooves which extend into the bladed area and in which the supply openings of the return channels are positioned.
  • the blade has here a flat up to the front edge reaching recess.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
EP09009508.4A 2008-08-08 2009-07-22 Machine de traitement des écoulements Withdrawn EP2151582A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008037154A DE102008037154A1 (de) 2008-08-08 2008-08-08 Strömungsarbeitsmaschine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2151582A2 true EP2151582A2 (fr) 2010-02-10
EP2151582A3 EP2151582A3 (fr) 2014-04-16

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EP09009508.4A Withdrawn EP2151582A3 (fr) 2008-08-08 2009-07-22 Machine de traitement des écoulements

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US (1) US8382422B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2151582A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE102008037154A1 (fr)

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FR2989743A1 (fr) * 2012-04-19 2013-10-25 Snecma Carter de compresseur a cavites de longueurs variees
FR2989742A1 (fr) * 2012-04-19 2013-10-25 Snecma Carter de compresseur a cavites a forme amont optimisee
FR2989744A1 (fr) * 2012-04-19 2013-10-25 Snecma Carter de compresseur a cavites au calage optimise
BE1023215B1 (fr) * 2015-06-18 2016-12-21 Techspace Aero S.A. Carter a injecteurs de vortex pour compresseur de turbomachine axiale
EP2546529A3 (fr) * 2011-07-15 2018-04-04 MTU Aero Engines AG Système de soufflage d'un fluide, compresseur et turbomachine

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DE102013210171A1 (de) 2013-05-31 2014-12-04 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg Strukturbaugruppe für eine Strömungsmaschine
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EP2546529A3 (fr) * 2011-07-15 2018-04-04 MTU Aero Engines AG Système de soufflage d'un fluide, compresseur et turbomachine
WO2013156725A3 (fr) * 2012-04-19 2014-01-09 Snecma Carter de compresseur a cavités au calage optimisé
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CN106257059B (zh) * 2015-06-18 2019-07-09 赛峰航空助推器股份有限公司 用于轴流式涡轮机压缩机的涡流喷射器壳体
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US8382422B2 (en) 2013-02-26
DE102008037154A1 (de) 2010-02-11
EP2151582A3 (fr) 2014-04-16
US20100034637A1 (en) 2010-02-11

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