EP2151515A1 - Method for texturizing polymeric monofilaments - Google Patents
Method for texturizing polymeric monofilaments Download PDFInfo
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- EP2151515A1 EP2151515A1 EP09010120A EP09010120A EP2151515A1 EP 2151515 A1 EP2151515 A1 EP 2151515A1 EP 09010120 A EP09010120 A EP 09010120A EP 09010120 A EP09010120 A EP 09010120A EP 2151515 A1 EP2151515 A1 EP 2151515A1
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- Prior art keywords
- monofilaments
- temperature
- shaping
- texturing
- laser radiation
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
- D02J13/00—Heating or cooling the yarn, thread, cord, rope, or the like, not specific to any one of the processes provided for in this subclass
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
- D02G1/004—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by heating fibres, filaments, yarns or threads so as to create a temperature gradient across their diameter, thereby imparting them latent asymmetrical shrinkage properties
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
- D02G1/14—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using grooved rollers or gear-wheel-type members
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for texturing polymeric monofilaments.
- polymeric monofilaments which are also referred to as monofilaments and may consist of continuous yarn or continuous fibers according to DIN 60900, are textured.
- texturing permanent retention of monofilament deformation, e.g. a ripple or bulging.
- textured monofilaments can be used for the production of artificial turf.
- the correspondingly textured monofilaments form a moss-like region, with which other longer polymer fibers of an artificial turf can laterally be resiliently supported in their lower region and thereby kept upright.
- thermosetting or "heatsetting”.
- Various technologies can be used, such as the production of false twist yarn, compression crimp yarn, gear crimp yarn, edge crimp yarn and knit fixing yarn.
- Strickfixiergarn is often used.
- a knit tube is created for texturing from a variety of monofilaments, for example, with circular knitting machines.
- the knit tube is heat-set in an autoclave. This is discontinuous, so that the time required is very high.
- a lot of energy is needed for the heat treatment and pressure generation in the autoclave.
- DD 109 410 A1 proposed to achieve a shrinkage crimp on textile threads and filament bundles. They should be treated with electromagnetic waves, which should preferably be infrared laser light, so that over the entire cross section of the threads thus treated, the crystallization temperature is exceeded. As a result, a shrinkage-limited crystallization is initiated, which leads to crimping as a result of the different shrinkage of crystalline and non-crystalline fractions. An advanced one and in particular shaping or defined texturing is not possible.
- the thermoplasticity of polymers is utilized for texturing.
- unwound monofilaments are exposed to laser radiation.
- a laser beam can be directed from an axial direction to a surface region of monofilaments, which are unwound at a constant yarn speed.
- the irradiation heats up.
- the temperature in the irradiated region should be increased so that there reach a maximum of 60%, preferably not more than 50% of the volume, a temperature which is in the fixation maximum of the respective polymer. In this state, sufficient strength is still present, so that the monofilaments are still manageable and can be further processed.
- the heated area is subjected to a two- or three-dimensional shaping.
- the largest influencing factor is the respective monofilament material and its geometric design with the material volume to be heated. Each material shows a different absorption behavior or extinction for the laser radiation, so that the conversion of the radiant energy into heat takes place differently. Also, the heat conduction and heat capacity are differentiated and must also be considered. Another factor that has an influence is the reflection behavior of the irradiated surface of monofilaments. Even small additions in the material lead to changes in the properties, so that the parameters for the irradiation with laser must be adjusted accordingly.
- the parameters can be predetermined by simulation calculations and then optimized for respective monofilaments based on experiments.
- the power of the radiation emitted by a laser, the energy density on the irradiated surface, the size and geometry of the irradiated surface, a continuous or a pulsed irradiation, the angle of incidence of the laser radiation and the wavelength of the laser radiation are adjusted. Since the power density is also an influencing variable, the yarn running speed of the monofilaments can also be adapted during the irradiation and thus influence the process control.
- the process can be carried out with different cross-sectional geometries of monofilaments. These can be rotationally symmetrical, triangular, star-shaped, elliptical but also rectangular. For artificial grass, it is also possible to work on cross-sectional geometries of monofilaments, which are modeled on grasses found in nature.
- monofilaments produced with different polymers can be textured.
- polymers for example, PE, PET, PBT, PTT, POM, PA, PP, LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE, PPS, PEEK and PVDF.
- additives such as pigments, flame retardants or plasticizers. All additives contained in the product can exert influence and should therefore be taken into account in the process as described above.
- the heat conduction of the material of the respective monofilaments is utilized in the procedure according to the invention, it may be advantageous to direct laser radiation from at least one further axial direction onto the surface of monofilaments.
- the irradiation can be done diametrically.
- the increase in temperature then takes place on two opposite surfaces, so that the temperature compensation in less time is achievable, since shorter ways are considered in the heat conduction.
- laser radiation with wavelengths above 800 nm should be used, as these are generally well absorbed by polymers.
- CO 2 lasers can be used.
- the required laser power is relatively small and can be kept below 100 W for a monofilament.
- a deflection of a laser beam can be undertaken with at least one pivotable reflecting element, so that a deflected laser beam can irradiate a plurality of monofilaments.
- a deflection can also be useful in Vorschubachsraum the unwound monofilaments.
- a laser beam in the feed axis direction can be deflected in an oscillating manner so that a region of the surface is repeatedly irradiated at the temperature increase leading to the softening.
- the cross-sectional geometry influenced the laser beam and a non-rotationally symmetric cross-sectional geometry can be obtained.
- a longer than wider area of monofilaments can be irradiated with a laser beam.
- a similar effect can also be achieved with irradiation at an angle greater than or less than 90 °, with which the laser radiation is directed onto the surface.
- the monofilament materials which can be textured with the invention have different absorption or extinction.
- different glass transition, transformation, softening, melting temperatures, heat conduction and heat capacities as well as the volume to be heated are to be considered.
- a sufficiently high temperature must be achieved at the surface irradiated by the laser beam, but this must not exceed the melting temperature.
- the temperature increase in the region of the respective softening temperature must, however, also take place in a sufficiently large volume with a corresponding surface area with a corresponding volume, so that heat energy is supplied to an extent sufficient to increase the temperature in the entire volume to be textured as much as required, if the shaping is done.
- heating by convection can be carried out.
- heated air can be directed to the monofilaments irradiated with the laser.
- their temperature can be additionally increased, maintained, or at least avoided, however, an undesired elevated temperature gradient to the environment, which would lead to too rapid a cooling.
- the temperature at the irradiated surface is in the range of about 110 ° C for e.g. PE and up to 260 ° C for e.g. PET should reach during irradiation.
- the temperature can be determined without contact with a suitable sensor and used for a control of the process.
- the monofilaments heated on the surface can then be guided through suitable shaping tools for shaping and transported further with them. They should be kept in the desired shape until the required temperature equalization in the volume for texturing and then sufficient cooling has taken place. Subsequent to shaping and texturing, monofilaments should have reached a temperature by cooling which gives adequate strength and dimensional stability. This can be assisted by cooling at the end of the texturing and shaping area. In this case, cooled air can be directed to monofilaments and / or a forming tool can be cooled in this area.
- the heating of the monofilaments can be achieved in the invention in a short time, it is in the range of less than a second. This allows working at very high yarn speeds of 200 m / min and beyond.
- a device provided for this purpose can also be preceded by a drafting device known per se.
- a CO 2 laser with a laser power of up to 200 W was used for texturing monofilaments 3 of green colored polyethylene having cross sectional dimensions of 1.1 mm * 0.21 mm.
- the monofilament laser beam 1 was formed so that its focal spot had a length of 0.5 mm and a width of 1.5 mm.
- the orientation of the focal spot was chosen so that the longer axis was aligned perpendicular to the feed axis direction of the unwound monofilament 3.
- Monofilaments 3 were unwound at a yarn running speed of 120 m / min and thereby thermally treated. This resulted in a power density of 200 W / mm 2 in the irradiation. The temperature was increased by 120 K by the surface radiation.
- the monofilaments 3, for example eight, are wound parallel next to each other and irradiated with a laser beam 1.
- the laser beam 1 can be deflected with two pivotable reflecting elements 2a and 2b (scanner mirrors) arranged in a machining head 12, so that all monofilaments can be irradiated.
- two pivotable reflecting elements 2a and 2b can be arranged in a machining head 12, so that all monofilaments can be irradiated.
- two laser beams 1 can be directed from different axial directions on monofilament 3.
- Several laser beams 1 can have different powers.
- monofilament 3 can also be wedge-shaped in the area in which the heating is done with laser radiation, and carried out in the tip of the wedge formed by this yarn bundle, the irradiation with laser radiation.
- radiation reflected by monofilament surfaces can also be used for further absorption.
- the shaping tool is achieved by further transport of the monofilaments 3 heated on the surface.
- this is formed with a cage wheel 8 and an endless belt 6 with present on this Einschlagstegen 5, which are synchronously rotated or moved so that each Einschlagsteg 5 engages in a space between webs of the cage wheel 8 while monofilaments 3 by means of Einschlagstegen 5 and webs the cage wheel 8 are deformed wave-shaped.
- a nozzle 11 for hot air or steam for convective further heating available.
- the cage wheel 8 is further rotated and the endless belt 6 is moved further.
- the monofilaments 3 are held in the mold and cooled.
- a fan 9 is provided in the rear area of the cage wheel 8 for cooling.
- engaging webs 5 and cage wheel 8 are disengaged and the finished textured monofilaments 3 can be further transported by means of a pair of rollers and wound on reel 4a or placed in a container 4b.
- FIG. 1 Circulating rollers 6a-c for the endless belt 6 and baffles 10a, b shown for hot air or steam.
- FIG. 2 shows a similar example with two endless belts 6.1 and 6.2.
- the lower endless belt 6.1 here is longer and protrudes beyond the second endless belt 6.2 in a front intake area. Irradiation with the laser beam 1 takes place in this inlet area.
- impact bars 5 are present which protrude outwards.
- the arrangement of the endless belts 6.1 and 6.2 with their Einschlagstegen 5 is chosen so that the Einschlagstege 5 are inserted into a respective gap between adjacent Einschlagstegen 5 of the other endless belt and thus interlock.
- the monofilaments 3 are thus also formed into a wave form and held therein until the process of texturing with the required heating and cooling again, as already explained, has been completed. Additional heating and cooling can be carried out analogously to Example FIG. 1 also be made, which may also apply to the following examples.
- the irradiation and shaping takes place on a conical roller 13, which is wrapped around several times by monofilaments 3.
- the diameter of the roller 13 is reduced in the unwinding direction.
- the irradiation with the laser beam 1 takes place here when looping with a larger diameter on the roller 13th
- two cylindrical rollers 14 and 15 are used for the texturing and shaping of monofilaments 3. Both rolls 14 and 15 can be wrapped several times by monofilaments.
- a laser beam 1 is directed to monofilament 3.
- the monofilaments 3 are wound around the rollers 14 and 15.
- rollers 14 and 15 with different outer diameters can also be used.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Texturieren polymerer Monofile. Dabei können polymere Monofile, die auch als Monofilamente bezeichnet werden und gemäß DIN 60900 aus Endlosgarn oder Endlosfasern bestehen können, texturiert werden. Bei der Texturierung erfolgt eine dauerhaft beibehaltene Verformung von Monofilen, z.B. eine Kräuselung oder ein Aufbauschen. Dadurch werden auch die mechanischen Eigenschaften verändert, was sich bei einer Weiterverarbeitung vorteilhaft ausnutzen lässt. So können mit der Erfindung texturierte Monofile für die Herstellung von Kunstrasen eingesetzt werden. Die entsprechend texturierten Monofile bilden dabei einen moosartigen Bereich, mit dem andere längere polymere Fasern eines Kunstrasens in ihrem unteren Bereich seitlich federnd abgestützt und dadurch aufrecht gehalten werden können.The invention relates to a method for texturing polymeric monofilaments. In this case, polymeric monofilaments, which are also referred to as monofilaments and may consist of continuous yarn or continuous fibers according to DIN 60900, are textured. In texturing, permanent retention of monofilament deformation, e.g. a ripple or bulging. As a result, the mechanical properties are changed, which can be used advantageously in a further processing. Thus, with the invention, textured monofilaments can be used for the production of artificial turf. The correspondingly textured monofilaments form a moss-like region, with which other longer polymer fibers of an artificial turf can laterally be resiliently supported in their lower region and thereby kept upright.
Bekanntermaßen handelt es sich bei der Texturierung um eine Veredelung bei der mit Druck- und Temperaturwirkung unter Nutzung der Thermoplastizität von Polymeren eine Verformung dauerhaft erreicht werden kann.It is known that the texturing In order to achieve a refinement in the pressure and temperature effect using the thermoplasticity of polymers deformation can be achieved permanently.
Man kann auch von Thermofixierung oder "Heatsetting" sprechen. Dabei sind unterschiedliche Technologien einsetzbar, wie die Herstellung von Falschdrallgarn, Stauchkräuselgarn, Zahnradkräuselgarn, Kantenkräuselgarn und Strickfixiergarn. Insbesondere die Herstellung von Strickfixiergarn wird häufig genutzt. Dabei wird für die Texturierung aus einer Vielzahl von Monofilen beispielsweise mit Rundstrickmaschinen ein Gestrickschlauch erstellt. Für die Texturierung wird der Gestrickschlauch in einem Autoklaven thermofixiert. Dies erfolgt diskontinuierlich, so dass der Zeitaufwand sehr hoch ist. Außerdem wird für die Wärmebehandlung und Druckerzeugung im Autoklaven sehr viel Energie benötigt. Nach dem Abkühlen und der Entnahme aus dem Autoklaven, in dem auch ein Verstrecken durchgeführt worden ist, wird der Gestrickschlauch wieder aufgezogen und der so texturierte Faden kann für eine Weiterverarbeitung wieder aufgewickelt werden. Dieses Verfahren wird auch als "Knit-de-knit-Verfahren" oder "Crincle-Verfahren" bezeichnet.One can also speak of thermosetting or "heatsetting". Various technologies can be used, such as the production of false twist yarn, compression crimp yarn, gear crimp yarn, edge crimp yarn and knit fixing yarn. In particular, the production of Strickfixiergarn is often used. In this case, a knit tube is created for texturing from a variety of monofilaments, for example, with circular knitting machines. For texturing, the knit tube is heat-set in an autoclave. This is discontinuous, so that the time required is very high. In addition, a lot of energy is needed for the heat treatment and pressure generation in the autoclave. After cooling and removal from the autoclave, in which stretching has also been carried out, the knitted tube is pulled up again and the thus textured thread can be rewound for further processing. This method is also called "Knit-de-Knit" or "Crincle".
Eine andere Möglichkeit wurde mit
Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung Möglichkeiten für eine Texturierung polymerer Monofile vorzuschlagen, mit denen der energetische und zeitliche Herstellungsaufwand reduziert werden kann und ein verbesserter Einfluss auf die Formgebung bei der Texturierung erreichbar ist.It is therefore an object of the invention to propose options for texturing of polymeric monofilaments, with which the energy and time production costs can be reduced and an improved influence on the shaping in the texturing can be achieved.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe mit einem Verfahren, das die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 aufweist, gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung können mit in untergeordneten Ansprüchen bezeichneten Merkmalen erreicht werden.According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method having the features of
Bei der Erfindung wird die Thermoplastizität von Polymeren für die Texturierung ausgenutzt. Hierfür werden abgewickelte Monofile mit Laserstrahlung beaufschlagt. Dabei kann ein Laserstrahl aus einer Achsrichtung auf einen Oberflächenbereich von Monofilen gerichtet werden, die mit konstanter Fadengeschwindigkeit abgewickelt werden. Durch die Bestrahlung wird eine Erwärmung erreicht. Dabei soll die Temperatur im bestrahlten Bereich so erhöht werden, dass dort maximal 60 %, bevorzugt maximal 50 % des Volumens eine Temperatur erreichen, die im Fixierungsmaximum des jeweiligen Polymers liegt. In diesem Zustand ist noch eine ausreichende Festigkeit vorhanden, so dass die Monofile noch handhabbar sind und weiter verarbeitet werden können. Bei einer weiteren Transportbewegung wird der erwärmte Bereich einer zwei- oder dreidimensionalen Formgebung unterzogen. Dies kann in hierfür geeigneten Vorrichtungen, wofür auf Beispiele noch zurück zukommen sein wird, erfolgen. Dabei erwärmt sich das gesamte Volumen des Polymers durch Wärmeleitung, die bei den in Rede stehenden Polymeren ja bekanntermaßen schlecht ist. Der Monofilwerkstoff ist dadurch plastisch verformbar. Durch Wärmeaustausch mit der Umgebung reduziert sich die Temperatur aber wieder, bis unter die Erweichungstemperatur des Polymers. Das eine oder mehrere vorab texturierte Monofil(e) kann bzw. können dann aufgewickelt oder in einen geeigneten Behälter abgelegt und später einer Weiterverarbeitung zugeführt werden.In the invention, the thermoplasticity of polymers is utilized for texturing. For this purpose unwound monofilaments are exposed to laser radiation. In this case, a laser beam can be directed from an axial direction to a surface region of monofilaments, which are unwound at a constant yarn speed. The irradiation heats up. In this case, the temperature in the irradiated region should be increased so that there reach a maximum of 60%, preferably not more than 50% of the volume, a temperature which is in the fixation maximum of the respective polymer. In this state, sufficient strength is still present, so that the monofilaments are still manageable and can be further processed. In a further transport movement, the heated area is subjected to a two- or three-dimensional shaping. This can be done in suitable devices for this purpose, for which it will be possible to return to examples. This heats the entire volume of the polymer by conduction, which is known to be bad in the polymers in question. The monofilament material is thereby plastically deformable. However, by heat exchange with the environment, the temperature reduces again to below the softening temperature of the polymer. The one or more pre-textured monofilament (s) can then be wound or placed in a suitable container and later fed to further processing.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren können und müssen einige Parameter berücksichtigt werden, um zum Erfolg zu gelangen. Dabei ist der größte Einflussfaktor der jeweilige Monofilwerkstoff und seine geometrische Gestaltung mit dem zu erwärmenden Werkstoffvolumen. Jeder Werkstoff zeigt dabei ein anderes Absorptionsverhalten bzw. Extinktion für die Laserstrahlung, so dass die Umwandlung der Strahlungsenergie in Wärme jeweils anders erfolgt. Auch die Wärmeleitung und Wärmekapazität sind differenziert und müssen ebenfalls berücksichtigt werden. Ein weiterer Faktor, der Einfluss hat, ist das Reflexionsverhalten der bestrahlten Oberfläche von Monofilen. Bereits geringe Zusätze im Werkstoff führen zu Veränderungen der Eigenschaften, so dass die Parameter für die Bestrahlung mit Laser entsprechend angepasst werden müssen. Die Parameter können durch Simulationsrechnungen vorbestimmt und dann für jeweilige Monofile an Hand von Versuchen optimiert werden.In the method according to the invention, some parameters can and must be taken into account in order to be successful. The largest influencing factor is the respective monofilament material and its geometric design with the material volume to be heated. Each material shows a different absorption behavior or extinction for the laser radiation, so that the conversion of the radiant energy into heat takes place differently. Also, the heat conduction and heat capacity are differentiated and must also be considered. Another factor that has an influence is the reflection behavior of the irradiated surface of monofilaments. Even small additions in the material lead to changes in the properties, so that the parameters for the irradiation with laser must be adjusted accordingly. The parameters can be predetermined by simulation calculations and then optimized for respective monofilaments based on experiments.
Dabei können die Leistung der von einem Laser emittierten Strahlung, die Energiedichte auf der bestrahlten Oberfläche, die Größe und Geometrie der bestrahlten Oberfläche, eine kontinuierliche oder eine gepulste Bestrahlung, der Einfallswinkel der Laserstrahlung und die Wellenlänge der Laserstrahlung angepasst werden. Da auch die Leistungsdichte eine Einflussgröße ist, kann auch die Fadenlaufgeschwindigkeit der Monofile bei der Bestrahlung angepasst und so Einfluss auf die Verfahrensführung genommen werden.The power of the radiation emitted by a laser, the energy density on the irradiated surface, the size and geometry of the irradiated surface, a continuous or a pulsed irradiation, the angle of incidence of the laser radiation and the wavelength of the laser radiation are adjusted. Since the power density is also an influencing variable, the yarn running speed of the monofilaments can also be adapted during the irradiation and thus influence the process control.
Das Verfahren kann bei unterschiedlichen Querschnittsgeometrien von Monofilen durchgeführt werden. Diese können rotationssymmetrisch, dreieckig, sternförmig, elliptisch aber auch rechteckig sein. Für Kunstrasen können auch Querschnittsgeometrien von Monofilen bearbeitet werden, die in der Natur vorkommenden Gräsern nachempfunden sind.The process can be carried out with different cross-sectional geometries of monofilaments. These can be rotationally symmetrical, triangular, star-shaped, elliptical but also rectangular. For artificial grass, it is also possible to work on cross-sectional geometries of monofilaments, which are modeled on grasses found in nature.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren können Monofile, die mit unterschiedlichen Polymeren hergestellt sind, texturiert werden. Dies sind beispielsweise PE, PET, PBT, PTT, POM, PA, PP, LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE, PPS, PEEK und PVDF. Dabei sind unterschiedlichste Modifikationen der Polymere bearbeitbar, was insbesondere enthaltene Zusätze, wie Pigmente, Flammschutzmittel oder Weichmacher betrifft. Alle enthaltenen Zusätze können Einfluss ausüben und sollten daher, wie vorab erläutert bei der Verfahrensführung berücksichtigt werden.With the process according to the invention, monofilaments produced with different polymers can be textured. These are, for example, PE, PET, PBT, PTT, POM, PA, PP, LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE, PPS, PEEK and PVDF. In this case, a wide variety of modifications of the polymers are workable, which relates in particular contained additives such as pigments, flame retardants or plasticizers. All additives contained in the product can exert influence and should therefore be taken into account in the process as described above.
So kann eine erhöhte Absorption der eingesetzten Laserstrahlung zu kleinerer erforderlicher Leistungsdichte führen.Thus, increased absorption of the laser radiation used can lead to smaller required power density.
Da bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Vorgehen neben der Wärmekapazität auch die Wärmeleitung des Werkstoffs der jeweiligen Monofile ausgenutzt wird, kann es vorteilhaft sein, Laserstrahlung aus mindestens einer weiteren Achsrichtung auf die Oberfläche von Monofilen zu richten. Die Bestrahlung kann dabei diametral erfolgen. Die Erhöhung der Temperatur erfolgt dann an zwei gegenüberliegenden Oberflächen, so dass der Temperaturausgleich in kürzerer Zeit erreichbar ist, da kürzere Wege bei der Wärmeleitung berücksichtigt sind.Since, in addition to the heat capacity, the heat conduction of the material of the respective monofilaments is utilized in the procedure according to the invention, it may be advantageous to direct laser radiation from at least one further axial direction onto the surface of monofilaments. The irradiation can be done diametrically. The increase in temperature then takes place on two opposite surfaces, so that the temperature compensation in less time is achievable, since shorter ways are considered in the heat conduction.
Neben der Möglichkeit zwei Laserstrahlen, die auch durch Strahlteilung erhalten worden sein können, besteht die Möglichkeit mindestens ein Laserstrahlung reflektierendes Element einzusetzen, mit dem Laserstrahlung, die nicht für die Temperaturerhöhung genutzt werden konnte, wieder auf einen Oberflächenbereich zu reflektieren.In addition to the possibility of two laser beams, which may also have been obtained by beam splitting, it is possible to use at least one laser radiation-reflecting element, with the laser radiation, which could not be used for the temperature increase, to reflect back to a surface area.
Für das Verfahren sollte Laserstrahlung mit Wellenlängen oberhalb 800 nm eingesetzt werden, da diese von Polymeren in der Regel gut absorbiert wird. So können beispielsweise CO2-Laser eingesetzt werden. Die erforderliche Laserleistung ist relativ klein und kann unterhalb von 100 W für ein Monofil gehalten sein.For the process, laser radiation with wavelengths above 800 nm should be used, as these are generally well absorbed by polymers. For example, CO 2 lasers can be used. The required laser power is relatively small and can be kept below 100 W for a monofilament.
Insbesondere dann, wenn mehrere Monofile nebeneinander abgewickelt und dann parallel texturiert werden sollen, kann eine Auslenkung eines Laserstrahles mit mindestens einem schwenkbaren reflektierenden Element vorgenommen werden, so dass ein ausgelenkter Laserstrahl mehrere Monofile bestrahlen kann. Eine Auslenkung kann aber auch in Vorschubachsrichtung der abgewickelten Monofilen sinnvoll sein. Dabei kann ein Laserstrahl in der Vorschubachsrichtung oszillierend ausgelenkt werden, so dass ein Bereich der Oberfläche bei der zur Erweichung führenden Temperaturerhöhung mehrfach bestrahlt wird.In particular, when a plurality of monofilaments are to be wound next to one another and then to be parallel-patterned, a deflection of a laser beam can be undertaken with at least one pivotable reflecting element, so that a deflected laser beam can irradiate a plurality of monofilaments. A deflection can also be useful in Vorschubachsrichtung the unwound monofilaments. In this case, a laser beam in the feed axis direction can be deflected in an oscillating manner so that a region of the surface is repeatedly irradiated at the temperature increase leading to the softening.
Es kann auch eine Strahlformung des Laserstrahls vorgenommen werden. Dabei kann die Querschnittsgeometrie des Laserstrahls beeinflusst und eine nicht rotationssymmetrische Querschnittsgeometrie erhalten werden. So kann beispielsweise eine längere als breitere Fläche von Monofilen mit einem Laserstrahl bestrahlt werden. Ein ähnlicher Effekt kann aber auch mit einer Bestrahlung in einem Winkel größer oder kleiner 90 °, mit dem die Laserstrahlung auf die Oberfläche gerichtet wird, erreicht werden.It can also be made a beam shaping of the laser beam. In this case, the cross-sectional geometry influenced the laser beam and a non-rotationally symmetric cross-sectional geometry can be obtained. For example, a longer than wider area of monofilaments can be irradiated with a laser beam. However, a similar effect can also be achieved with irradiation at an angle greater than or less than 90 °, with which the laser radiation is directed onto the surface.
Wie bereits angesprochen, weisen die mit der Erfindung texturierbaren Monofilwerkstoffe unterschiedliche Absorption bzw. Extinktion auf. Außerdem sind abweichende Glaspunkt-, Umwandlungs-, Erweichungs-, Schmelztemperaturen, Wärmeleitung und Wärmekapazitäten sowie das zu erwärmende Volumen zu berücksichtigen. Es muss dabei eine ausreichend hohe Temperatur an der vom Laserstrahl bestrahlten Oberfläche erreicht werden, diese darf aber die Schmelztemperatur nicht überschreiten. Die Temperaturerhöhung im Bereich der jeweiligen Erweichungstemperatur muss aber auch in einem ausreichend großen Volumen mit entsprechendem Oberflächenbereich mit entsprechendem Volumen erfolgen, so dass Wärmeenergie in einem Maß zugeführt wird, das ausreicht um die Temperatur im gesamten zu texturierenden Volumen soweit, wie erforderlich zu erhöhen, wenn die Formgebung erfolgt ist.As already mentioned, the monofilament materials which can be textured with the invention have different absorption or extinction. In addition, different glass transition, transformation, softening, melting temperatures, heat conduction and heat capacities as well as the volume to be heated are to be considered. At the same time, a sufficiently high temperature must be achieved at the surface irradiated by the laser beam, but this must not exceed the melting temperature. The temperature increase in the region of the respective softening temperature must, however, also take place in a sufficiently large volume with a corresponding surface area with a corresponding volume, so that heat energy is supplied to an extent sufficient to increase the temperature in the entire volume to be textured as much as required, if the shaping is done.
Für die zusätzliche Erhöhung der Temperatur kann eine Erwärmung durch Konvektion durchgeführt werden. Dabei kann beispielsweise erwärmte Luft auf die mit dem Laser bestrahlten Monofilen gerichtet werden. Dadurch kann deren Temperatur zusätzlich erhöht, gehalten, zumindest aber ein unerwünschter erhöhter Temperaturgradient zur Umgebung vermieden werden, der zu einer zu schnellen Abkühlung führen würde.For the additional increase in the temperature, heating by convection can be carried out. In this case, for example, heated air can be directed to the monofilaments irradiated with the laser. As a result, their temperature can be additionally increased, maintained, or at least avoided, however, an undesired elevated temperature gradient to the environment, which would lead to too rapid a cooling.
Als Faustregel kann man davon ausgehen, dass die Temperatur an der bestrahlten Oberfläche den Bereich von ca. 110 ° C für z.B. PE sowie bis zu 260 ° C für z.B. PET bei der Bestrahlung erreichen sollte. Die Temperatur kann berührungslos mit einem geeigneten Sensor bestimmt und für eine Regelung des Verfahrens genutzt werden.As a rule of thumb, it can be assumed that the temperature at the irradiated surface is in the range of about 110 ° C for e.g. PE and up to 260 ° C for e.g. PET should reach during irradiation. The temperature can be determined without contact with a suitable sensor and used for a control of the process.
Die an der Oberfläche erwärmten Monofile können dann für die Formgebung durch geeignete Formwerkzeuge geführt und mit ihnen weiter transportiert werden. Sie sollten dabei so lange in der gewünschten Form gehalten werden, bis der für die Texturierung erforderliche Temperaturausgleich im Volumen und danach eine ausreichende Abkühlung erfolgt ist. Im Anschluss an die Formgebung und Texturierung sollten Monofile eine Temperatur durch Abkühlung erreicht haben, bei denen eine ausreichende Festigkeit und Formstabilität gegeben sind. Dies kann mittels einer Kühlung am Ende des Texturierungs- und Formgebungsbereiches unterstützt werden. Dabei kann gekühlte Luft auf Monofile gerichtet und/oder ein Formgebungswerkzeug in diesem Bereich gekühlt werden.The monofilaments heated on the surface can then be guided through suitable shaping tools for shaping and transported further with them. They should be kept in the desired shape until the required temperature equalization in the volume for texturing and then sufficient cooling has taken place. Subsequent to shaping and texturing, monofilaments should have reached a temperature by cooling which gives adequate strength and dimensional stability. This can be assisted by cooling at the end of the texturing and shaping area. In this case, cooled air can be directed to monofilaments and / or a forming tool can be cooled in this area.
Die Erwärmung der Monofile kann bei der Erfindung in kurzer Zeit erreicht werden, sie liegt im Bereich unter einer Sekunde. Dadurch kann bei sehr hoher Fadenlaufgeschwindigkeit von 200 m/min und darüber hinaus gearbeitet werden.The heating of the monofilaments can be achieved in the invention in a short time, it is in the range of less than a second. This allows working at very high yarn speeds of 200 m / min and beyond.
Für die Formgebung der Monofile können unterschiedliche Formgebungswerkzeuge eingesetzt werden. Es können dadurch unterschiedliche zwei- oder dreidimensionale Monofilgeometrien erhalten werden. Mit den Formgebungswerkzeugen ist zusätzlich die Anforderung zu erfüllen, dass die jeweilige Form der Monofile so lange gehalten werden muss, bis Temperaturausgleich und Abkühlung erfolgt sind, und dabei auch der Weitertransport der abgewickelten Monofile durchgeführt werden kann.For the shaping of the monofilaments different shaping tools can be used. As a result, different two-dimensional or three-dimensional monofilament geometries can be obtained. With the forming tools is also the requirement to meet that the particular shape of the monofilament so long must be maintained until temperature compensation and cooling have taken place, and also the further transport of the unwound monofilament can be carried out.
Es ist auch ein integrierter Einsatz bei der Fadenbildung und/oder der Veredelung möglich. Z.B. kann im Sinne der "Spinnstrecktexturierung, bei der unmittelbar unterhalb einer Spinndüse verstreckt und texturiert wird, vorgegangen werden. Dadurch können versponnene und ggf. auch verstreckte Monofile ohne weitere Zwischenschritte (Aufwickel- oder Transportprozesse) texturiert werden. So können bereits vorgewärmte Monofile mit der Laserbestrahlung gemäß der Erfindung weiter erwärmt werden. Die erforderliche Laserleistung kann so reduziert werden. Beim Schmelzerspinnen von Monofilen aus PA kann eine Geschwindigkeit von 100 m/min vorgegangen werden. Bei einem angewandten Gesamt-Streckverhältnis von 4,5 ergeben sich Texturier- und Laufgeschwindigkeiten von 450 M7Min. Dabei betrug die Temperatur von Liefergaletten je 70 ° C, die von Streckgaletten zwischen 180 ° C und 220 ° C.It is also an integrated use in threading and / or finishing possible. For example, can be used in the sense of "spin-draw texturing", where drawing and texturing takes place directly underneath a spinneret, so that spun and possibly even stretched monofilaments can be textured without further intermediate steps (winding or transport processes) The required laser power can be reduced in this way.When melt-spinning monofilaments from PA, a speed of 100 m / min can be used.With an overall draw ratio of 4.5, texturing and running speeds of 450 result The temperature of delivery godets was 70 ° C., that of drawing godets between 180 ° C. and 220 ° C.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Texturierung teilverstreckter Monofile kann einer dafür vorgesehenen Vorrichtung auch ein an sich bekanntes Streckwerk vorgeschaltet werden.In the texturing of partially stretched monofilaments according to the invention, a device provided for this purpose can also be preceded by a drafting device known per se.
Außerdem besteht die Möglichkeit im Anschluss an eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ein Wärmenachbehandlungsfeld für die Restschrumpfbegrenzung bereits texturierter Monofile vorzusehen.In addition, it is possible to provide a heat post-treatment field for the residual shrinkage limitation of already textured monofilaments following an apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention.
Nachfolgend soll die Erfindung beispielhaft näher erläutert werden.The invention will be explained in more detail by way of example in the following become.
Dabei zeigen:
-
in schematischer Form einen Aufbau zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens;Figur 1 -
eine weitere Möglichkeit für die Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens;Figur 2 -
einen Aufbau mit einem rotierenden Formgebungswerkzeug undFigur 3 -
Figur 4 einen Aufbau mit zwei rotierenden Formgebungswerkzeugen und zwei Laserstrahlquellen.
-
FIG. 1 in schematic form a structure for carrying out the method according to the invention; -
FIG. 2 another possibility for carrying out the method according to the invention; -
FIG. 3 a structure with a rotary forming tool and -
FIG. 4 a structure with two rotating forming tools and two laser beam sources.
Für eine Texturierung von Monofilen 3 aus Polyethylen mit grüner Einfärbung, die Querschittsabmessungen von 1,1 mm * 0,21 mm aufwiesen, wurde ein CO2-Laser mit einer Laserleistung bis 200 W eingesetzt. Der auf Monofile gerichtete Laserstrahl 1 wurde so geformt, dass sein Brennfleck eine Länge von 0,5 mm und eine Breite von 1,5 mm aufwies. Die Ausrichtung des Brennflecks wurde so gewählt, dass die längere Achse senkrecht zur Vorschubachsrichtung der abgewickelten Monofile 3 ausgerichtet war.For
Monofile 3 wurden mit einer Fadenlaufgeschwindigkeit von 120 m/min abgewickelt und dabei thermisch behandelt. Es ergab sich so eine Leistungsdichte von 200 W/mm2 bei der Bestrahlung. Die Temperatur wurde durch die Bestrahlung an der Oberfläche um 120 K erhöht.
Im Anschluss daran konnten die so erwärmten Monofile mittels einer Vorrichtung, wie sie in den
Bei dem in
Ebenfalls in nicht dargestellter Form können Monofile 3 auch keilförmig in den Bereich, in dem die Erwärmung mit Laserstrahlung erfolgt, geführt und in der Spitze des sich durch diese Fadenscharen bildenden Keils die Bestrahlung mit Laserstrahlung erfolgt. Dadurch kann von Monofiloberflächen reflektierte Strahlung auch für eine weitere Absorption genutzt werden.Also in
Im Anschluss an die Bestrahlung wird durch Weitertransport der an der Oberfläche erwärmten Monofile 3 das Formgebungswerkzeug erreicht. Bei dem Beispiel nach
Im Inneren des Käfigrades 8 ist im Einlaufbereich der Monofile 3 eine Düse 11 für heiße Luft oder Dampf zur konvektiven weiteren Erwärmung vorhanden. In diesem Bereich erfolgt auch der Temperaturausgleich innerhalb des Volumens der Monofile 3 bis in den Erweichungstemperaturbereich. Das Käfigrad 8 wird weiter gedreht und das Endlosband 6 weiter bewegt. Dabei werden die Monofile 3 in der Form gehalten und abgekühlt. Zur Unterstützung der Kühlung ist im hinteren Bereich des Käfigrades 8 zur Kühlung ein Gebläse 9 vorhanden. Im Bereich, in dem das Gleitstück 7 für das Endlosband 6 angeordnet ist, treten Einschlagstege 5 und Käfigrad 8 außer Eingriff und die fertig texturierten Monofile 3 können mittels eines Walzenpaares weiter transportiert und auf Wickel 4a aufgewickelt bzw. in einen Behälter 4b abgelegt werden.Inside the cage wheel 8 is in the inlet region of the
Auch bei diesem Beispiel kann eine insbesondere für Kunstrasen günstige Ω-Geometrie texturierter Monofile 3 erhalten werden.In this example too, an Ω geometry of
Weiter sind in
Die Monofile 3 werden so ebenfalls in eine Wellenform gebracht und so lange darin gehalten bis der Prozess der Texturierung mit der erforderlichen Erwärmung und wieder Abkühlung, wie bereits erläutert, abgeschlossen worden ist. Zusätzliche Erwärmung und Abkühlung kann analog zu Beispiel nach
Beim in
Bei dem Beispiel, wie es in
Claims (13)
dabei die Bestrahlung bei konstanter Fadenlaufgeschwindigkeit von Monofilen (3) so erfolgt, dass im bestrahlten Bereich maximal 60 % des Volumens einer Monofile (3) eine Temperatur oberhalb der Erweichungstemperatur des jeweiligen Polymers erreicht worden ist,
dann der erwärmte Bereich der Monofile (3) weiter transportiert, dann einer zwei- oder dreidimensionalen Formgebung, bei durch Wärmeleitung erreichbaren gleichzeitigem Temperaturausgleich innerhalb des Volumens unterzogen und die Form beibehalten wird, bis eine Temperatur unterhalb der Erweichungstemperatur des Polymers erreicht worden ist, so dass texturierte Monofile (3) aufgewickelt oder abgelegt werden können.Process for texturing polymeric monofilaments, in which unwound monofilaments are exposed to laser radiation from at least one axial direction,
the irradiation takes place at a constant yarn running speed of monofilaments (3) in such a way that a maximum temperature above the softening temperature of the respective polymer has been reached in the irradiated area at a maximum of 60% of the volume of a monofilament (3)
then the heated area of the monofilaments (3) is further transported, then subjected to a two- or three-dimensional shaping, with simultaneous thermal equilibrium within the volume achievable by thermal conduction, and the mold is maintained until a temperature below the softening temperature of the polymer has been reached textured monofilaments (3) can be wound or stored.
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DE102008037317A DE102008037317A1 (en) | 2008-08-05 | 2008-08-05 | Process for texturing polymeric monofilaments |
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