EP2150511A2 - Ceramic material - Google Patents
Ceramic materialInfo
- Publication number
- EP2150511A2 EP2150511A2 EP08749724A EP08749724A EP2150511A2 EP 2150511 A2 EP2150511 A2 EP 2150511A2 EP 08749724 A EP08749724 A EP 08749724A EP 08749724 A EP08749724 A EP 08749724A EP 2150511 A2 EP2150511 A2 EP 2150511A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic material
- material according
- production
- ceramic
- strontium aluminate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
- C04B35/117—Composites
- C04B35/119—Composites with zirconium oxide
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
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- C04B35/6455—Hot isostatic pressing
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- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
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- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
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- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
- C04B2235/3222—Aluminates other than alumino-silicates, e.g. spinel (MgAl2O4)
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- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
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- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/78—Grain sizes and shapes, product microstructures, e.g. acicular grains, equiaxed grains, platelet-structures
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- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
Definitions
- the invention relates to a ceramic material which is particularly suitable for dynamic loads.
- Ceramic materials offer a variety of applications. Their composition can be tailored by specific addition of certain elements and / or their compounds to the intended use.
- Aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide, for example, are ceramic materials which are processed individually or in combination with one another inter alia to cutting tools, catalyst supports or prostheses.
- Ceramic materials are brittle and therefore generally not suitable for dynamic loads, in particular caused by vibrations and shocks.
- the object of the invention is to introduce a ceramic material which is suitable for dynamic loads.
- Material with the ability to absorb energy under dynamic load is suitable.
- this material is particularly suitable for use as
- Protective ceramics ie for the production of components where an energy absorption is required, such as armor, especially bullet plates.
- Alumina in a corresponding addition to 100% by weight Dominant structural component of such a combination of materials is the aluminum oxide. Therefore, the property-determining characteristics such as hardness, modulus of elasticity and thermal conductivity are close to the properties of pure aluminum oxide.
- the constituents zirconium oxide and strontium aluminate are incorporated in the aluminum oxide matrix.
- the raw materials are preferably used in high purity. Due to the high purity of the raw materials, grain boundary phases are formed only to an extremely small extent.
- the strontium aluminate forms characteristic platelet-shaped crystallites, platelets, which contribute significantly to increasing the strength.
- the constituents zirconium oxide and strontium aluminate contribute to increasing the fracture toughness, which is about 60% higher than with pure aluminum oxide.
- the strength is increased almost by a factor of 2
- the damage tolerance that is, the property of the component, even with a possible damage still retain a high residual strength.
- the crack path is surprisingly deflected, so that additional energy is absorbed in the crack propagation.
- a peculiarity of the material according to the invention is to be considered that the two mechanisms mutually reinforce, so that the effective increase in the fracture toughness is even greater than would be expected by simple addition of the individual mechanisms.
- a preferred material composition with its properties is listed below:
- Al 2 O 3 The content of Al 2 O 3 supplements from 72.65 wt .-% to 74.54 wt .-%. Commodity related contaminants ( ⁇ 0.05% by weight) are possible but not listed separately because of their minority.
- the production of sintered bodies from the material according to the invention takes place by means of conventional ceramic technology.
- the main process steps are:
- the properties of the sintered shaped body made of the material according to the invention can still be reinforced by incorporation. It is thus possible to mix whiskers and / or fibers into the material before the formation of a sintered body or to incorporate reticulated structures or fabrics into the material in the green state.
- the whiskers, fibers or nets or webs must be made of a material that does not interact with the ceramic material in such a way that deterioration of its properties occurs. In addition, the material must not change during sintering in such a way that the material is damaged.
- Sinterform body which are made of the material according to the invention, surprisingly combine the best properties of each of the competing ceramic materials alumina and zirconia, especially for use as a protective ceramic in itself: hardness, aging resistance, water wetting behavior and high thermal conductivity are properties High strength and high fracture toughness, that is damage tolerance, are properties known from sintered bodies of zirconia.
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- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Abstract
Ceramic materials are brittle and are therefore not generally suitable for dynamic stresses, in particular caused by vibration and impact. The invention therefore discloses a material composed of a large fraction of aluminium oxide, zirconium oxide and strontium aluminate.
Description
Keramischer Werkstoff Ceramic material
Die Erfindung betrifft einen keramischen Werkstoff, der insbesondere für dynamische Belastungen geeignet ist.The invention relates to a ceramic material which is particularly suitable for dynamic loads.
Keramische Werkstoffe bieten eine Vielzahl von Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. Ihre Zusammensetzung kann durch gezielte Zugabe von bestimmten Elementen und/oder deren Verbindungen auf den jeweils vorgesehenen Einsatz abgestimmt werden. Aluminiumoxid und Zirkonoxid beispielsweise sind keramische Werkstoffe, die einzeln oder in Kombination miteinander unter anderem zu Schneidwerkzeugen, Katalysatorträger oder Prothesen verarbeitet werden.Ceramic materials offer a variety of applications. Their composition can be tailored by specific addition of certain elements and / or their compounds to the intended use. Aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide, for example, are ceramic materials which are processed individually or in combination with one another inter alia to cutting tools, catalyst supports or prostheses.
Keramische Werkstoffe sind spröde und deshalb in der Regel nicht für dynamische Belastungen, insbesondere durch Vibrationen und Stöße hervorgerufen, geeignet.Ceramic materials are brittle and therefore generally not suitable for dynamic loads, in particular caused by vibrations and shocks.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen keramischen Werkstoff vorzustellen, der für dynamische Belastungen geeignet ist.The object of the invention is to introduce a ceramic material which is suitable for dynamic loads.
In überraschender Weise hat sich gezeigt, dass sich ein Aluminiumoxidwerkstoff in der nachfolgend tabellarisch aufgeführten Zusammensetzung im Sinterkörper alsSurprisingly, it has been found that an aluminum oxide material in the composition listed below in the table in the sintered body as
Werkstoff mit der Fähigkeit zur Energieabsorption bei dynamischer Belastung eignet.Material with the ability to absorb energy under dynamic load is suitable.
Somit eignet sich dieser Werkstoff insbesondere für die Anwendung alsThus, this material is particularly suitable for use as
Schutzkeramik, also zur Herstellung von Bauteilen, bei denen eine Energieabsorption erforderlich ist, wie beispielsweise bei Panzerungen, insbesondere bei Beschussplatten.Protective ceramics, ie for the production of components where an energy absorption is required, such as armor, especially bullet plates.
Aluminiumoxid in entsprechender Ergänzung zu 100 Gew.-%
Dominierender Gefügebestandteil einer solchen Werkstoffkombination ist das Aluminiumoxid. Daher liegen die eigenschaftsbestimmenden Merkmale wie Härte, Elastizitäts-Modul und Wärmeleitfähigkeit, dicht an den Eigenschaften von reinem Aluminiumoxid. Die Bestandteile Zirkonoxid und Strontiumaluminat sind in die Aluminiumoxidmatrix eingelagert. Die Rohstoffe werden vorzugsweise in hoher Reinheit eingesetzt. Durch die hohe Reinheit der Rohstoffe bilden sich nur in extrem geringem Umfang Korngrenzenphasen. Das Strontiumaluminat bildet charakteristische plättchenförmige Kristallite, Platelets, die wesentlich zur Steigerung der Festigkeit beitragen.Alumina in a corresponding addition to 100% by weight Dominant structural component of such a combination of materials is the aluminum oxide. Therefore, the property-determining characteristics such as hardness, modulus of elasticity and thermal conductivity are close to the properties of pure aluminum oxide. The constituents zirconium oxide and strontium aluminate are incorporated in the aluminum oxide matrix. The raw materials are preferably used in high purity. Due to the high purity of the raw materials, grain boundary phases are formed only to an extremely small extent. The strontium aluminate forms characteristic platelet-shaped crystallites, platelets, which contribute significantly to increasing the strength.
Die Bestandteile Zirkonoxid und Strontiumaluminat tragen zur Steigerung der Risszähigkeit bei, die um etwa 60% höher liegt als bei reinem Aluminiumoxid. Durch diese Verstärkungskomponenten wird die Festigkeit fast um den Faktor 2 gesteigert, gleichzeitig steigt die Schadenstoleranz, das heißt die Eigenschaft des Bauteils, auch bei einer möglichen Beschädigung noch eine hohe Restfestigkeit zu behalten.The constituents zirconium oxide and strontium aluminate contribute to increasing the fracture toughness, which is about 60% higher than with pure aluminum oxide. By these reinforcing components, the strength is increased almost by a factor of 2, at the same time increases the damage tolerance, that is, the property of the component, even with a possible damage still retain a high residual strength.
Bei hoher mechanischer Belastung eines aus dem Werkstoff hergestellten Sinterkörpers werden überraschenderweise Mechanismen aktiviert, die beispielsweise eine Rissausbreitung hemmen oder stoppen. Der wichtigste Mechanismus ist dabei die spannungsinduzierte Umwandlung des Zirkonoxids von der tetragonalen zur monoklinen Phase. Die mit der Umwandlung einhergehende Volumenvergrößerung des Zirkonoxids bewirkt die Ausbildung lokaler Druckspannungen, die der äußeren Zugbelastung entgegenwirkt und somit das Risswachstum behindert.At high mechanical stress of a sintered body made of the material, mechanisms are surprisingly activated that inhibit or stop, for example, a crack propagation. The most important mechanism is the stress-induced transformation of the zirconia from the tetragonal to the monoclinic phase. The increase in volume of the zirconium oxide accompanying the transformation causes the formation of local compressive stresses which counteract the external tensile load and thus hinder the growth of cracks.
Durch die eingelagerten Platelets wird überraschenderweise der Risspfad abgelenkt, so dass zusätzliche Energie bei der Rissausbreitung absorbiert wird.Due to the embedded platelets, the crack path is surprisingly deflected, so that additional energy is absorbed in the crack propagation.
Als Besonderheit des erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoffs ist anzusehen, dass sich die beiden Mechanismen wechselseitig verstärken, so dass die effektive Steigerung der Risszähigkeit sogar größer ist, als es durch simple Addition der Einzelmechanismen zu erwarten wäre.
Eine bevorzugte Werkstoffzusammensetzung mit ihren Eigenschaften ist nachfolgend aufgeführt:A peculiarity of the material according to the invention is to be considered that the two mechanisms mutually reinforce, so that the effective increase in the fracture toughness is even greater than would be expected by simple addition of the individual mechanisms. A preferred material composition with its properties is listed below:
Der Gehalt an AI2O3 ergänzt sich von 72,65 Gew.-% bis 74,54 Gew.-%. Rohstoffbedingte Verunreinigungen (< 0,05 Gew.-%) sind möglich, aber wegen ihres geringfügigen Anteils nicht gesondert aufgeführt.The content of Al 2 O 3 supplements from 72.65 wt .-% to 74.54 wt .-%. Commodity related contaminants (<0.05% by weight) are possible but not listed separately because of their minority.
Die Herstellung von Sinterform körpern aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoff erfolgt mittels konventioneller Keramiktechnologie. Die wesentlichen Prozessschritte sind:The production of sintered bodies from the material according to the invention takes place by means of conventional ceramic technology. The main process steps are:
a) Pulvermischung gemäß vorgegebener Zusammensetzung in Wasser ansetzen, Verwendung von Verflüssigern zur Vermeidung der Sedimentation. b) Homogenisieren im Dissolver (schnelllaufender Rührer). c) Mahlen in Rührwerkskugelmühle, dabei Erhöhung der spezifischen Oberfläche der Pulvermischung (= Zerkleinerung). d) Zugabe von organischen Bindern. e) Sprühtrocknen, dabei entsteht ein rieselfähiges Granulat mit definierten Eigenschaften. f) Befeuchten des Granulats mit Wasser. g) Axial oder isostatisch pressen. h) Spanabhebende Grünbearbeitung, dabei wird unter Berücksichtigung der Sinterschwindung weitgehend die Endkontur abgebildet. i) Vorbrand, dabei Schwindung auf ca. 98% der theoretischen Dichte. Die noch verbleibenden Restporen sind nach außen geschlossen. j) Heißisostatisches Pressen unter hoher Temperatur und hohem Gasdruck, dadurch praktisch vollständige Endverdichtung. k) Sogenannter Weißbrand, dadurch wird das beim heißisostatischen Pressen erzeugte Ungleichgewicht der Sauerstoffionen in der Keramik ausgeglichen.a) Prepare powder mixture in water according to given composition, use of liquefiers to avoid sedimentation. b) homogenization in a dissolver (high-speed stirrer). c) grinding in agitator ball mill, thereby increasing the specific surface area of the powder mixture (= comminution). d) addition of organic binders. e) spray-drying, this results in a free-flowing granules with defined properties. f) moistening the granules with water. g) Press axially or isostatically. h) Cutting green processing, while taking into account the sintering shrinkage largely the final contour is displayed. i) pre-firing, while shrinkage to about 98% of the theoretical density. The remaining pores are closed to the outside. j) Hot isostatic pressing under high temperature and high gas pressure, thereby virtually complete final compression. k) So-called white firing, which compensates for the imbalance of oxygen ions in the ceramic produced by hot isostatic pressing.
I) Hartbearbeitung durch Schleifen und Polieren, m) Tempern.
Die Eigenschaften des Sinterformkörpers aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoff können noch durch Einlagerungen verstärkt werden. So ist es möglich, Whisker und/oder Fasern vor der Ausformung eines Sinterkörpers in den Werkstoff zu mischen oder netzartige Strukturen oder Gewebe in den Werkstoff im Grünzustand einzuarbeiten. Die Whisker, Fasern oder Netze oder Gewebe müssen aus einem Werkstoff sein, der nicht mit dem keramischen Werkstoff in der Weise in Wechselwirkung tritt, dass eine Verschlechterung seiner Eigenschaften eintritt. Außerdem darf sich der Werkstoff während des Sinterns nicht in einer Weise verändern, dass der Werkstoff geschädigt wird.I) hard machining by grinding and polishing, m) tempering. The properties of the sintered shaped body made of the material according to the invention can still be reinforced by incorporation. It is thus possible to mix whiskers and / or fibers into the material before the formation of a sintered body or to incorporate reticulated structures or fabrics into the material in the green state. The whiskers, fibers or nets or webs must be made of a material that does not interact with the ceramic material in such a way that deterioration of its properties occurs. In addition, the material must not change during sintering in such a way that the material is damaged.
Sinterform körper, die aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoff gefertigt werden, vereinen überraschenderweise die jeweils besten Eigenschaften der an sich konkurrierenden keramischen Werkstoffe Aluminiumoxid und Zirkonoxid, insbesondere für die Anwendung als Schutzkeramik, in sich: Härte, Alterungsbeständigkeit, Benetzungsverhalten gegenüber Wasser und hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit sind Eigenschaften, die von Sinterformkörpern aus Aluminiumoxid bekannt sind, hohe Festigkeit und hohe Risszähigkeit, das heißt Schadenstoleranz, sind Eigenschaften, die von Sinterform körpern aus Zirkonoxid bekannt sind.
Sinterform body, which are made of the material according to the invention, surprisingly combine the best properties of each of the competing ceramic materials alumina and zirconia, especially for use as a protective ceramic in itself: hardness, aging resistance, water wetting behavior and high thermal conductivity are properties High strength and high fracture toughness, that is damage tolerance, are properties known from sintered bodies of zirconia.
Claims
1. Keramischer Werkstoff, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er 72 bis 82 Gew.-% AI2O3, 18 bis 28 Gew.-% ZrO2, O bis 1 Gew.-% Cr2O3, O bis 6 Gew.-% Y2O3, O bis 2 Gew.-% SrO, O bis 0,5 Gew.-% TiO2 und O bis 0,5 Gew.-% MgO enthält.1. Ceramic material, characterized in that it 72 to 82 wt .-% Al 2 O 3 , 18 to 28 wt .-% ZrO 2 , O to 1 wt .-% Cr 2 O 3 , O to 6 wt. % Y 2 O 3 , O to 2 wt.% SrO, O to 0.5 wt.% TiO 2 and O to 0.5 wt.% MgO.
2. Keramischer Werkstoff nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er 24,0 bis 25,5 Gew.-% ZrO2, 0,26 bis 0,35 Gew.-% Cr2O3, 0,50 bis 0,6 Gew.-% Y2O3, 0,70 bis 0,85 Gew.-% SrO, sowie AI2O3 in Ergänzung zu 100 Gew.-% enthält.2. Ceramic material according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains 24.0 to 25.5 wt .-% ZrO 2 , 0.26 to 0.35 wt .-% Cr 2 O 3 , 0.50 to 0.6 Wt .-% Y 2 O 3 , 0.70 to 0.85 wt .-% SrO, and Al 2 O 3 in addition to 100 wt .-% contains.
3. Keramischer Werkstoff nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die 4- Punkt-Biegefestigkeit > 1000 MPa beträgt.3. Ceramic material according to claim 2, characterized in that the 4-point flexural strength is> 1000 MPa.
4. Keramischer Werkstoff nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bruchzähigkeit K|C ≥ 5,5 MPam0 5 ist.4. Ceramic material according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the fracture toughness K | C ≥ 5.5 MPam 0 5 .
5. Keramischer Werkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Weibull-Modul > 7 ist.5. Ceramic material according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the Weibull module is> 7.
6. Keramischer Werkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Härte HV10 > 1740 ist.6. Ceramic material according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the hardness is HV10> 1740.
7. Keramischer Werkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichte ED2000 > 4,360 g/cm3 ist.7. Ceramic material according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the density ED2000> 4.360 g / cm 3 .
8. Keramischer Werkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Werkstoff zusätzlich mit Whiskern und/oder Fasern oder netzartigen Strukturen oder Geweben aus geeigneten Werkstoffen durchsetzt ist.8. Ceramic material according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the material is additionally interspersed with whiskers and / or fibers or reticulated structures or fabrics made of suitable materials.
9. Keramischer Werkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bestandteile Zirkonoxid und Strontiumaluminat in der Aluminiumoxidmatrix eingelagert sind. 9. Ceramic material according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the components zirconium oxide and strontium aluminate are incorporated in the alumina matrix.
10. Keramischer Werkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Strontiumaluminat in Form von plättchenförmigen Kristalliten, Platelets, vorliegt.10. Ceramic material according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the strontium aluminate in the form of platelet-shaped crystallites, platelets, is present.
11. Sinterformkörper, erhältlich aus einem keramischen Werkstoff gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 10.11. sintered shaped body, obtainable from a ceramic material according to claims 1 to 10.
12. Verwendung des keramischen Werkstoffs gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 10 zur Herstellung von Sinterformkörpern.12. Use of the ceramic material according to claims 1 to 10 for the production of sintered shaped bodies.
13. Verwendung des keramischen Werkstoffs gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 10 zur Herstellung von Bauteilen mit der Fähigkeit zur Energieabsorption bei dynamischer Belastung.13. Use of the ceramic material according to claims 1 to 10 for the production of components with the ability to absorb energy under dynamic load.
14. Verwendung des keramischen Werkstoffs gemäß Anspruch 13 zur Herstellung von Panzerungen, insbesondere Beschussplatten. 14. Use of the ceramic material according to claim 13 for the production of armor, in particular bombardment plates.
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DE102007020470 | 2007-04-27 | ||
PCT/EP2008/055055 WO2008132157A2 (en) | 2007-04-27 | 2008-04-25 | Ceramic material |
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US (1) | US8932971B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2150511A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5649959B2 (en) |
CN (2) | CN104628363A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2008244310A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0810501A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2685455C (en) |
DE (1) | DE102008001374A1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL201780A (en) |
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KR101869533B1 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2018-06-22 | 세람테크 게엠베하 | Ceramic composite material consisting of aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide as the main constituents |
WO2013190115A1 (en) * | 2012-06-22 | 2013-12-27 | Imerys | Ceramic compositions comprising alumina |
CN103539435A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-29 | 陈春水 | Ceramic material applicable to dynamic load |
CN104529402A (en) * | 2014-12-20 | 2015-04-22 | 佛山铭乾科技有限公司 | Ceramic bath tub |
EA027824B1 (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2017-09-29 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "НЭВЗ-Н" | Ceramic material and method for production thereof |
EP3354632A1 (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2018-08-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method to additively manufacture a fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite |
CN108975933A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2018-12-11 | 广东蓝狮医疗科技有限公司 | Wear-resistant aluminium oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramics of a kind of graphite enhancing and preparation method thereof |
RU189195U1 (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-05-15 | Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Образования "Новосибирский Государственный Технический Университет" | CERAMIC COMPOSITION MATERIAL |
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RU2502705C2 (en) | 2013-12-27 |
RU2009143730A (en) | 2011-06-10 |
US8932971B2 (en) | 2015-01-13 |
CN104628363A (en) | 2015-05-20 |
WO2008132157A2 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
WO2008132157A3 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
JP2010524832A (en) | 2010-07-22 |
IL201780A (en) | 2016-06-30 |
DE102008001374A1 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
US20100120605A1 (en) | 2010-05-13 |
IL201780A0 (en) | 2010-06-16 |
CA2685455A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
BRPI0810501A2 (en) | 2014-10-14 |
CN101715435A (en) | 2010-05-26 |
JP5649959B2 (en) | 2015-01-07 |
CA2685455C (en) | 2016-01-12 |
AU2008244310A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
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