EP2148755A2 - Tool holder and cutting tip with centering snout - Google Patents

Tool holder and cutting tip with centering snout

Info

Publication number
EP2148755A2
EP2148755A2 EP08805579A EP08805579A EP2148755A2 EP 2148755 A2 EP2148755 A2 EP 2148755A2 EP 08805579 A EP08805579 A EP 08805579A EP 08805579 A EP08805579 A EP 08805579A EP 2148755 A2 EP2148755 A2 EP 2148755A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
framing
lateral
wafer
housing
leading
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08805579A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Richard Fouquer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safety SAS
Original Assignee
Safety SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Safety SAS filed Critical Safety SAS
Publication of EP2148755A2 publication Critical patent/EP2148755A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B23B27/1614Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped against the walls of the recess in the shank by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert
    • B23B27/1622Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped against the walls of the recess in the shank by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert characterised by having a special shape
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00Tools for drilling machines
    • B23B51/0002Drills with connected cutting heads, e.g. with non-exchangeable cutting heads; Drills with a single insert extending across the rotational axis and having at least two radially extending cutting edges in the working position
    • B23B51/0003Drills with connected cutting heads, e.g. with non-exchangeable cutting heads; Drills with a single insert extending across the rotational axis and having at least two radially extending cutting edges in the working position with exchangeable heads or inserts
    • B23B51/00035Spade drills
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00Tools for drilling machines
    • B23B51/02Twist drills
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/22Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/2204Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts with cutting inserts clamped against the walls of the recess in the cutter body by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert
    • B23C5/2208Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts with cutting inserts clamped against the walls of the recess in the cutter body by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert for plate-like cutting inserts 
    • B23C5/2213Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts with cutting inserts clamped against the walls of the recess in the cutter body by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert for plate-like cutting inserts  having a special shape
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/16Supporting or bottom surfaces
    • B23B2200/161Supporting or bottom surfaces with projections
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B2205/00Fixation of cutting inserts in holders
    • B23B2205/12Seats for cutting inserts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B2251/00Details of tools for drilling machines
    • B23B2251/02Connections between shanks and removable cutting heads
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2272Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/23Cutters, for shaping including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to cutting inserts, and in particular their mounting on a support tool.
  • a drill For example, if a drill is considered, the associated cutting insert is received in a slot-slot open frontally in diametral position.
  • the cutting insert usually has a global shape in aspic language, that is to say a rhombus with two lateral faces in male V, pointing forward and centered on the geometric axis of rotation of the drill, and two faces lateral positioning, male V centered and pointing back.
  • the two front lateral faces each delimit, with a large respective face of the plate, two cutting edges in male V, in plan view, and the two rear lateral positioning faces serve for framing by rear support against two lateral framing walls.
  • V female of the same form of housing.
  • the precision of the registration of the wafer is an important parameter, since any parasitic offset would cause the active tip of the wafer to be off-center, so that the increase in the radial extent of one of the two cutting edges thus caused would produce an increase in the drilling diameter.
  • the first cause is related to a mis-clamping of the wafer, and it is relatively easy to design effective clamping mechanisms.
  • the second cause is related to the accuracy of the geometry of the contacting surfaces in contact, that is to say the flatness of the two side walls in female V of the housing and the two lateral positioning faces of the wafer. It is also necessary that the two framing V, male and female, have exactly the same angle.
  • any parasitic debris, stuck on any of the surfaces of V will distort the framing.
  • Such a drill therefore requires a very precise rectification of the body of the tool and the pads, which represents a significant cost.
  • the framing is not always perfect, because of the debris.
  • the present invention aims to propose a solution that makes it possible to limit the above cost and reduce the risk of imperfect framing.
  • the present invention relates first of all to a cutting insert comprising a positioning lateral face squared against a lateral framing wall belonging to a tool holder housing, characterized in that the lateral positioning face comprises, on the one hand, a first framing section comprising a guided relief of two degrees of freedom of movement of the wafer on a bottom of the housing, framing relief having first and second directed lateral surfaces of framing provided to support for framing respectively against first and second leading lateral surfaces belonging to the tool holder housing, and secondly, at a determined distance from the first framing section, a second framing section comprising a third driven lateral surface, framing of another degree of freedom of movement of the plate on the bottom of the housing, by support against a three the leading framing side wall surface belonging to the housing, two of the first, second and third framing surfaces being mutually inclined to provide framing at a projected scroll position relative to the facing sidewall surfaces.
  • the concept of the invention is to avoid pressing laterally the wafer by the entire length of one or two side edges.
  • the support is of the type of a beam, that is to say in two remote sections, preferably respectively located at two opposite ends of the side face, to avoid any leverage between two supports that would be close, which would increase, at the end of the lateral positioning face, a positioning uncertainty likely to remain at the level of the bearing surfaces.
  • the third driven lateral surface may be, at a distance from the led relief, in a direction of local extension of the first section of the lateral positioning face, or it may be in an oblique direction.
  • the lateral positioning face may be substantially rectilinear or have a bend, that is to say functionally represent two side walls of registration, for example mutually oriented at 90 degrees.
  • the wafer according to the invention can therefore be mounted in any housing, drill or other tool holder, having one or two side walls of framing.
  • the first and second driven lateral framing surfaces are turned at least partially in opposite directions relative to a direction of local extension of the lateral positioning face. They thus ensure the framing "in scrolling" in front of the framing wall.
  • the led embossing relief is positive, in the form of nose, it is intended to engage in a cavity or notch of registration belonging to the housing wall . It is therefore easy to provide that this notch is of shape and depth such that the first and second driven side surfaces abut, in the said opposite directions, respectively on the first and second leading lateral surfaces of the cavity, so as to determine the "scrolling" position of the lateral positioning face of the wafer in front of the lateral framing wall. A first degree X of freedom in lateral translation of the wafer at the nose is thus fixed. Furthermore, the depression of the nose in the cavity is determined by the shape and size of the nose and the lateral walls leading the cavity, which may for example have a V-shaped centering, which fixes the second degree of freedom Y.
  • the leading lateral walls of framing may also respectively form the two parallel flanks of a U-shaped groove, at least one of the two flanks continuing with a fold, at any angle, constituting the bottom of the cavity, on which will stop the nose. This thus fixes, at the level of the nose, the second degree Y of freedom in advance translation of the wafer towards the lateral framing wall considered.
  • the led relief is intended to receive, from the driving relief, three framing reaction force components, namely two components of opposite directions which provide the framing X, "in scrolling" in front of the side wall. and a component perpendicular thereto, which will define the frame Y, that is to say the depression between the driving and led reliefs and therefore a guard distance between the rest, not supported laterally, of the lateral positioning face and an area opposite the framing lateral wall considered.
  • the led relief may be in one piece, that is to say a nose and / or a cavity limited by the first and second framing surfaces, or it may involve a mass of material whose first and second surfaces of framing are associated with a respective local relief, with possibly a separation distance between the two local reliefs together functionally constituting the led framing relief.
  • the led relief can serve as a pawn, initial centering, and then a final movement of sliding of the wafer on the bottom of the housing.
  • the led relief will be provided, once coupled to the driving relief, allow a slight pivoting of the wafer around it, that is to say it will constitute an axis for a final movement of circular repulsion of the third side surface carried against the third driving sidewall surface.
  • any one of the led relief and the driving relief is a U-shaped groove and the other is a nose of the same width with at least one of the lateral surfaces which is flat, to be able to slide only in depression in the groove, without tilting possible
  • the third side surface will have a docking movement of the third driving sidewall surface which will be a translation parallel to the sliding driving direction of the nose in the groove.
  • the respective landings of the led relief, by the first and second driven side surfaces, and the third driven side surface will be simultaneous, by identical translations.
  • the various lateral supports can be provided relatively punctually, which limits the risk of presence of extra thickness due to debris stuck.
  • the first and second framing lateral surfaces extend in mutually inclined global extension directions, that is to say that they generally form a V. If the lateral surfaces considered have a profile not rectilinear, their overall direction of extension can be defined as being parallel to a straight line that would connect two opposite end points of the considered surface, for example a rope in the case of a circular profile side surface.
  • the median direction is perpendicular to the direction of extension of the lateral face, so that any manufacturing tolerance in the length of the V or in its angle of separation of the branches causes no positioning defect "in scrolling". It is the same for any tolerance at a leading V relief, that is to say in a housing for the wafer. This is particularly interesting for a drill insert supported by its rear side face, which plate will remain centered. The manufacturing tolerance above will cause only a slight axial shift, which presents no inconvenience.
  • the first and second framing lateral surfaces may be curved, and for example convex.
  • the driving relief may also be provided with said first and second concave surface leading surfaces, so that one of the reliefs, female, forms a cradle whose radius of curvature of the first and second surfaces / walls is slightly greater or even equal to a radius value of the two corresponding surfaces of the male relief, to allow the slight rotation, mentioned above, of the docking movement of the third driven lateral surface.
  • the third lateral surface is carried by a framing heel. In this way, it is ensured a lateral guard distance which avoids any risk of parasitic contact between the side wall of the housing and the sections of the lateral positioning face which have no bearing function.
  • the invention also relates to a tool holder adapted to receive a wafer according to the invention, comprising a wafer housing having a framing side wall comprising, on the one hand, a first framing wall section comprising a relief embossing leading edge.
  • leading framing relief having first and second lateral surfaces leading framing provided to receive in abutment respectively framing first and second lateral surfaces of the led framing of the wafer, and, on the other hand, at a determined distance from the first framing wall section, a second framing wall section comprising a third driving lateral surface, of framing a further degree of freedom of movement of the wafer on the bottom of the framing wall.
  • housing by receiving in support of a third led side surface of the wafer, two of the first re, second and third lead-in alignment surfaces being mutually inclined so as to ensure for the sidewall surfaces on the wafer facing it, a frame in an intended position of scrolling.
  • first and second leading surfaces for framing are generally at least partly facing in opposite directions with respect to a direction of local extension of the framing side wall.
  • first and second planar or planar surface leading surfaces extend in mutually inclined global extension directions.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of the front end of the drill equipped with the wafer in plan view, placed on the bottom of a housing formed in the drill, in a position close to a functional position of clamping,
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of the drill equipped with the wafer, of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a side view of the drill bit and the wafer of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a variant of the drill bit and the wafer of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a rear perspective view of the wafer of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a plane view, homologous to FIG. 1, of the wafer and the drill of FIGS. 5 and 6, and
  • FIG. 7 is an end view of the drill, alone, of FIG. 4.
  • the drill bit partially represented in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 comprises a barrel 90 of geometric axis of rotation 10, of which only one end is shown. front having a slot 50 in the form of diametrical slot open towards the front, that is to say the bottom of Figure 1.
  • the references of axial or radial orientation are based on the axis 10.
  • the "forward" direction is here the functional direction of the drill, that is to say, the direction from its rear end to its front end, having the housing 50.
  • the housing 50 of Figure 1 is limited by two large lateral clamping surfaces 61 and 62, parallel and axial here, respectively belonging to two cheeks or flanges slightly flexible 63, 64, symmetrically opposite. relative to the axis 10.
  • the clamping surface 61 for example, constitutes a bearing surface, or bottom, on which the user slides the plate 9 for the bring in the desired position of framing.
  • the clamping is here carried out by a radial screw 80, of geometric axis 80A, whose body passes freely through a passage 66 of the flange 64, and a central hole 8 of the plate 9, to engage with a threaded hole 65 of the flange 63.
  • the plate 9 is thus maintained in the diametral plane defined by the two clamping surfaces 61 and 62, but its orientation and its position in this plane are to fix beforehand, which represents 2 degrees of freedom in translation and a degree of freedom in rotation.
  • the radial direction in this diametral plane is referenced X and the axial direction is referenced Y, towards the rear.
  • a framing wall 53 limiting the rear of the housing 50, has an axial slot 92, however optional, extending in width between the two lateral edges of the rear wall. 53, so that the two flanges 63, 64 are functionally extended all the way backwards and thus form two elastically flexible grippers whose anchoring point, or pivoting in bending, is thus axially behind the housing 50.
  • the plate 9 comprises a large bearing surface 1, bearing sliding on the clamping surface 61, opposite a large bearing face 2, facing the clamping surface 62.
  • the bearing faces 1 and 2 comprise each a groove 9G substantially axial, with a rounded cross section, chip evacuation, the groove 9G of the bearing face 2 extending on a rear framing nose 39, which therefore has a thickness less than that of the housing 50
  • the barrel 90 likewise has, in the rear extension of the two discharge grooves 9G, two respective flutes 9OG, 91 G extending helically rearwardly.
  • Figure 2 is a front view of the drill, showing its barrel 90 and a rear base portion, of greater diameter, for its mounting in a tool. It can be seen that because the opposing flutes 9OG, 91G substantially occupy two respective sectors of about 90 degrees "biting" each on a lateral edge of the clamping surfaces 61 and 62 at each discharge groove 9G, the mass of remaining material of the end portion of the barrel 90 occupies two angular sectors whose direction of radial extension of an edge is inclined by about 30 degrees relative to a normal to the clamping surfaces 61, 62.
  • the rear ends of the two clamping surfaces 61, 62 are connected by the axially rearward axing side wall 53, constituting a rear stop extending here in a radial plane in a direction of overall extension 40.
  • the wall 53 has two radially spaced apart portions which are at least somewhat facing forward. It could indeed be provided that the framing wall 53 extends in an extension direction, along its length and / or according to its thickness, which is inclined on a radial plane.
  • the framing wall 53 is of any shape, that is to say non-rectilinear and for example with a sequence of two mutually oblique segments, because its support function is limited to two distant sections.
  • the framing wall 53 has a first leading framing section comprising a radial and axial framing relief here constituted by a notch or groove cavity 51 in the form of a notch or V-shaped groove, thus female and here with concave branches. in view from inside the V.
  • the framing cavity 49 forms a cradle open towards the front and has symmetrical branches in this example, that is to say with median axial direction, with thus branches radially inclined according to two angles, of overall inclination, of the same value and of opposite signs, and with a bottom line 48, according to the thickness, here oriented in a circumferential direction, therefore perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 1.
  • the distance separating the vertexes of the branches of the female V represents the length of the first leading framing section.
  • the orientation of the bottom line 48 may be oblique, that is to say, in Figure 1, it may be provided tilted towards the axis 10 and / or forward.
  • the branches of the V female respectively comprise first and second lateral surfaces of registration 41, 42 located, generally from the bottom line 48, at a radial distance D of a third lateral surface of registration 43 belonging to a second section of the wall 53, located on the diametrically opposite side.
  • the first radially outer framing surface 41 is thus partially turned forward and partially towards the axis 10, along the arrow 41F, while the second framing surface 42, also partially turned towards the front, is turned partially opposite the axis 10, according to the arrow 42F, that is to say somewhat towards the first registration surface 41 in this example.
  • the two framing surfaces 41, 42 are turned somewhat toward each other, that is to say that it could be provided, alternatively, that one of these are axial or even turned towards the rear.
  • the axial recoil movement, docking of the plate 9 on the framing surface 41 or 42 which would be partially turned towards the rear would be accompanied by a radial movement, for example by sliding on the framing surface 41 or 42 facing forward.
  • the first, second and third registration surfaces 41, 42, 43 can be described as "leading" since they are the ones who will lead the wafer 9 to its functional position.
  • An intermediate, non-functional, here rectilinear and radial, intermediate surface 44 connects the front end edge of the second radially inner framing surface 42 to a radially inner edge of the third framing surface 43.
  • the framing wall 53 is radially limited by a radially extreme lateral surface 45, optional, here radial, knowing however that the front end edge of the radially outer framing surface 41 could constitute an end of the framing wall 53.
  • the third framing surface 43 extends to an opposite end.
  • the large bearing faces 1 and 2 of the wafer 9 are connected by a rear positioning positioning rear face 3, designed to cooperate with the framing wall 53, and by two diametrically opposite axial side faces 4 and 5, as well as by two end lateral faces 6, 7 occupying axially symmetrical positions and having two respective cutting edges 6A, 7A forming a male V, in plan view in FIG. 1, the point of which is on the axis 10.
  • the two cutting edges 6A and 7A are delimited respectively by the two large bearing faces 1 and 2, to both be active in a predetermined direction of rotation about the axis 10, and they are connected by a short radial cutting edge front tip 76 of the plate 9.
  • the axial lateral faces 4, 5 could be omitted, or could delimit axial or axially inclined cutting edges for cutting a cone, and the front cutting edges 6 and 7 could for example together form a rounded profile cutting nose .
  • the cutting edges would all be limited by the same large support face 1 or 2.
  • the lateral positioning face 3 extending generally in a direction of radial extension, has, near one end, a first section comprising a framing relief constituting the nose 39, in this male V rounded, pointing to the rear with a rear top line 38, the same aperture angle and same orientation, in the squared position, that the registration cavity 49.
  • a first section comprising a framing relief constituting the nose 39, in this male V rounded, pointing to the rear with a rear top line 38, the same aperture angle and same orientation, in the squared position, that the registration cavity 49.
  • top line 38 and the bottom line 48 have different inclinations with respect to a normal to the plane of the large bearing faces 1 and 2, that is to say, angles of tilt towards the axis 10, so that the force of recoil and contact of the framing nose 39 in the framing cavity 49 causes a torque tending to pivot the plate 9 about a virtual axis parallel to the axis 10 and passing through the framing nose 39, thus tending to press a radially opposite zone of the large bearing face 1 or 2, close to the lateral surface 5, on the associated bearing surface 61 or 62, the twisting torque thus created ensuring a better stability.
  • the framing nose 39 is limited, radially externally and internally, by first and second framing lateral surfaces 31 and 32 spaced in the extension direction 30, local and also global in this example, and forming two branches radially. spaced from a male V, axial axial plane, turned at least partially in opposite directions relative to the extension direction 30, and which have a convexity radius of curvature substantially equal to the radius of curvature of the concavity of the surfaces of framing 41, 42, so to couple. It is thus constituted a cradle bearing facilitating a slight possible pivoting of the wafer 9 during its framing.
  • the framing nose 39 thus constitutes a pivot axis.
  • the distance separating the vertices of the branches of the male V 31, 32 represents the length of the first led framing section.
  • the respectively concave and convex shapes of the framing cavity 49 and the framing nose 39 are such that there is only support at the opposite branches of framing surfaces 31, 41 and 32, 42, it is that is, the rear top line 38 remains at a distance from the bottom line 48.
  • the front side surfaces of the frame cavity 49 represent only an enlarged mouth to facilitate the placement of the framing nose.
  • 39 that is, both Corresponding lateral surfaces, at the base of the framing nose 39, are at a distance from the mouth surfaces above once the framing position is reached.
  • the registration face 3 further comprises a second portion constituted by a third lateral registration surface 33 located generally at the distance D from the registration nose 39, radially in this example.
  • the third framing surface 33 which must be turned at least partially forward to serve as a backstop, is here to extend purely radially (30), that is to say, completely facing forward. It could, however, be provided that the third registration surface 33 is obliquely extending with respect to the radial direction 30, that is to say, functionally replace one of the first and second registration surfaces 31, 32, that it then serves only as a frontal stop, that is to say locally ensuring a guard distance from the framing wall 53. In these conditions, the choice of the precise relative position on the lateral framing surface 3 and / or the increased axial size, by a heel, of the third oblique framing surface 33 also makes it possible to determine a local guard distance opposite it.
  • An intermediate lateral surface 34 which is rectilinear and radial, non-functional, connects the radially inner edge of the framing nose 39 to a radially internal facing edge of the third framing surface 33.
  • the framing face 3 is here limited by a lateral end surface 35, here rectilinear and radial, of small radial extent, that is to say that the distance D is preferably chosen relatively large compared to a width value of the wafer 9, for example at least 50%, even 70%, even 80%, to have a good rear seat against tipping.
  • the first, second and third framing surfaces 31, 32, 33 may be described as "driven” since they will be guided by the leading surfaces 41, 42, 43 to the desired functional position.
  • the plate 9 is pressed against the framing wall
  • the plate 9 constitutes a transverse beam supported, on one side, by the framing nose 39, on the first and second surfaces of framing 41, 42 of the cavity 49 and, on the radially opposite side, by the third framing surface 33, resting on the third framing leading surface 43.
  • one of the third ledge surface 33 and the third ledge surface 43 is slightly projecting.
  • axial to the rest of the facing or facing wall 3 or 53 considered, that is to say is deported to the other, behind or respectively forward, relative to its overall direction of radial extension 30 or 40.
  • the framing nose 39 is a little longer than the depth value, axial, of the framing cavity 49, to ensure at least a minimum value of the axial guard.
  • the positioning of the wafer 9 can be done conveniently by pushing it backwards so as to make the framing nose 39 enter the framing cavity 49 slightly.
  • the framing nose 39 then serves radial centering pin in the radial direction X, so that the third driven framing surface 33 is applied to the third leading surface 43 and occupies exactly the desired radial position when the first and second driven surfaces of framing nose 39 are respectively in contact with the first and second framing surfaces 41 and 42, which serve as a bearing.
  • a convenient procedure is to depress, as much as possible, the framing nose 39 in the framing cavity 39, even if the (axial) orientation of the wafer 9 is not yet perfect, to then push behind the wafer 9, for example by its front tip 76, so as to rotate it around the framing nose 39 until the third framing surfaces 33 and 43 are in contact. During this rotation, the orientation of the framing nose 39 approaches the desired axial orientation, so that the framing nose 39 terminates its penetration to the bottom 48 of the framing cavity 49. In this example, the contact between the framing nose 39 and the framing cavity
  • the registration cavity 49 is a groove extending over a length corresponding to the thickness of the wafer 9.
  • the framing nose 39 may not extend. throughout the thickness of the wafer 9.
  • the first, second and third registration surfaces 31, 32, 33 have a total registration area value which represents only a small proportion of a surface value of the registration area 3. comprising. Preferably, this proportion is less than 20%, more preferably less than 10%, and even more preferably less than 5%.
  • the measurement of each lateral framing surface 31-33 can be carried out by assuming that the corresponding driving framing wall 41-43 has framing reliefs with surface areas. shapes and relative positions exactly complementary to those of the lateral framing surfaces 31-33.
  • the first framing section comprising them preferably represents less than 20% of a value of the total length of the lateral surface 3, or its variants, more preferably less than 10%.
  • the intermediate lateral surface 34 connecting the radially inner edge of the second lateral framing surface 32 (or its variants) to the radially internal facing edge of the third framing surface 33, has a length (slightly less than the overall distance D) preferably representing at least 50%, preferably at least 70% of the total length value of the side surface 3 having them, most preferably at least 80%. It is therefore this length that separates the first and second framing segments conducted mutually.
  • the plate of FIGS. 4, 5, 6 and 7 is a variant, which differs from the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3 in that the fixing screw 80, with head 81 and body 82, passes only through the drum 9OA. behind the wafer 9A, so that it is shorter than the wafer 9.
  • the unchanged functional elements have retained their reference of FIGS.
  • the central hole 8 of the wafer 9 is here omitted, so that the wafer 9A could be made in an axially shorter shape than the wafer 9. Indeed, as the wafer 9 or 9A constitutes a beam in back support by two end of its lateral positioning face 3 or 3A and pushed by its tip, so at mid-length of the beam, the central hole 8 was a weakened area, requiring a wafer
  • the flanges 63A, 64A thus form two levers facing each other, from which it is sufficient to bring two respective base sections together so that the two free-end sections delimiting the housing 5OA are closer together, which will thus pinch the plate 9A.
  • the nose 39A presents a rounded top profile, with the first and second driven lateral surfaces of 31A and 32A framing, to cooperate with the first and second framing lateral surfaces 4A1, 42A of the notch or cavity 49A in the form of notch or U-shaped groove with flared branches.
  • the third lateral framing surface 33A cooperates with the third lateral framing surface 43A formed in the framing wall 53A.
  • Figure 7 is a front view of the drill with its drum 9OA, showing the housing

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Container, Conveyance, Adherence, Positioning, Of Wafer (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)

Abstract

The cutting tip comprises a lateral face (3) for aligned lateral positioning against a lateral alignment line (53) with a tool holder housing (50), comprising an alignment snout (39) with first (31) and second (32) lateral alignment surfaces that bear respectively against first and second lateral driving alignment surfaces (41, 42) and comprising, at some distance, a third lateral alignment surface (33) for bearing against a third lateral driving alignment wall surface (43), two out of the first (31), second (32) and third (33) alignment surfaces being mutually inclined in such a way as to ensure alignment in a chosen position of travel with respect to the driving lateral wall surfaces opposite.

Description

PORTE-OUTIL ET PLAQUETTE DE COUPE A NEZ DE CENTRAGE TOOL HOLDER AND CENTRAL NOSE CUTTING PLATE
La présente invention concerne les plaquettes de coupe, et en particulier leur montage sur un outil support. Si l'on considère par exemple un foret, la plaquette de coupe associée est reçue dans un logement en forme de fente ouverte frontalement en position diamétrale. La plaquette de coupe présente usuellement une forme globale en langue d'aspic, c'est-à- dire un losange avec deux faces latérales en V mâle, pointant en avant et centré sur l'axe géométrique de rotation du foret, et deux faces latérales de positionnement, en V mâle centré de même et pointant en arrière.The present invention relates to cutting inserts, and in particular their mounting on a support tool. For example, if a drill is considered, the associated cutting insert is received in a slot-slot open frontally in diametral position. The cutting insert usually has a global shape in aspic language, that is to say a rhombus with two lateral faces in male V, pointing forward and centered on the geometric axis of rotation of the drill, and two faces lateral positioning, male V centered and pointing back.
Les deux faces latérales avant délimitent chacune, avec une grande face respective de la plaquette, deux arêtes de coupe en V mâle, en vue en plan, et les deux faces latérales arrière de positionnement servent au cadrage par appui arrière contre deux parois latérales de cadrage en V femelle de même forme du logement. Le maintien ferme dans la position cadrée voulue, c'est-à-dire axialement reculée, est assuré par le serrage de deux flasques délimitant le logement et pinçant les deux grandes faces opposées de la plaquette, par élasticité ou au moyen d'une vis traversante.The two front lateral faces each delimit, with a large respective face of the plate, two cutting edges in male V, in plan view, and the two rear lateral positioning faces serve for framing by rear support against two lateral framing walls. in V female of the same form of housing. The firm hold in the desired square position, that is to say axially recessed, is ensured by the clamping of two flanges delimiting the housing and pinching the two large opposite faces of the plate, by elasticity or by means of a screw therethrough.
La précision du cadrage de la plaquette est un paramètre important, puisque tout décalage parasite provoquerait un décentrage de la pointe active de la plaquette, de sorte que l'augmentation de l'emprise radiale de l'une des deux arêtes de coupe ainsi provoquée produirait un accroissement du diamètre de perçage.The precision of the registration of the wafer is an important parameter, since any parasitic offset would cause the active tip of the wafer to be off-center, so that the increase in the radial extent of one of the two cutting edges thus caused would produce an increase in the drilling diameter.
Il existe deux causes possibles pour un tel décalage radial. La première cause est liée à un défaut de serrage de la plaquette, et il est relativement facile de concevoir des mécanismes de bridage efficaces. La seconde cause est liée à la précision de la géométrie des surfaces de cadrage en contact, c'est-à-dire la planéité des deux parois latérales en V femelle du logement et des deux faces latérales de positionnement de la plaquette. Il faut aussi que les deux V de cadrage, mâle et femelle, présentent exactement Ie même angle. En outre, tout débris parasite, collé sur l'une quelconque des surfaces de V, va fausser le cadrage. Un tel foret nécessite donc une rectification très précise du corps de l'outil et des plaquettes, ce qui représente un coût non négligeable. En outre, le cadrage n'est pas toujours parfait, du fait des débris. La présente invention vise à proposer une solution qui permette de limiter le coût ci-dessus et réduise le risque de cadrage imparfait.There are two possible causes for such a radial offset. The first cause is related to a mis-clamping of the wafer, and it is relatively easy to design effective clamping mechanisms. The second cause is related to the accuracy of the geometry of the contacting surfaces in contact, that is to say the flatness of the two side walls in female V of the housing and the two lateral positioning faces of the wafer. It is also necessary that the two framing V, male and female, have exactly the same angle. In addition, any parasitic debris, stuck on any of the surfaces of V, will distort the framing. Such a drill therefore requires a very precise rectification of the body of the tool and the pads, which represents a significant cost. In addition, the framing is not always perfect, because of the debris. The present invention aims to propose a solution that makes it possible to limit the above cost and reduce the risk of imperfect framing.
A cet effet, la présente invention concerne tout d'abord une plaquette de coupe comportant une face latérale de positionnement cadré contre une paroi latérale de cadrage appartenant à un logement de porte-outil, caractérisée par le fait que la face latérale de positionnement comporte, d'une part, un premier tronçon de cadrage comprenant un relief mené de cadrage de deux degrés de liberté de mouvement de la plaquette sur un fond du logement, relief de cadrage présentant des première et deuxième surfaces latérales menées de cadrage prévues pour venir en appui de cadrage contre respectivement des première et deuxième surfaces latérales menantes de cadrage appartenant au logement de porte-outil, et, d'autre part, à distance déterminée du premier tronçon de cadrage, un second tronçon de cadrage comprenant une troisième surface latérale menée, de cadrage d'un autre degré de liberté de mouvement de la plaquette sur le fond du logement, par appui contre une troisième surface de paroi latérale menante de cadrage appartenant au logement, deux parmi les première, deuxième et troisième surfaces de cadrage étant mutuellement inclinées de façon à assurer un cadrage en une position prévue de défilement, par rapport aux surfaces de paroi latérale menante en regard.For this purpose, the present invention relates first of all to a cutting insert comprising a positioning lateral face squared against a lateral framing wall belonging to a tool holder housing, characterized in that the lateral positioning face comprises, on the one hand, a first framing section comprising a guided relief of two degrees of freedom of movement of the wafer on a bottom of the housing, framing relief having first and second directed lateral surfaces of framing provided to support for framing respectively against first and second leading lateral surfaces belonging to the tool holder housing, and secondly, at a determined distance from the first framing section, a second framing section comprising a third driven lateral surface, framing of another degree of freedom of movement of the plate on the bottom of the housing, by support against a three the leading framing side wall surface belonging to the housing, two of the first, second and third framing surfaces being mutually inclined to provide framing at a projected scroll position relative to the facing sidewall surfaces.
Ainsi, le concept de l'invention consiste à éviter d'appuyer latéralement la plaquette par toute la longueur d'un ou deux bords latéraux. Au contraire, l'appui est du type de celui d'une poutre, c'est-à-dire en deux tronçons distants, de préférence respectivement situés en deux extrémités opposées de Ia face latérale, afin d'éviter tout effet de levier entre deux appuis qui seraient proches, ce qui augmenterait, en extrémité de la face latérale de positionnement, une incertitude de positionnement susceptible de subsister au niveau des surfaces d'appui.Thus, the concept of the invention is to avoid pressing laterally the wafer by the entire length of one or two side edges. On the contrary, the support is of the type of a beam, that is to say in two remote sections, preferably respectively located at two opposite ends of the side face, to avoid any leverage between two supports that would be close, which would increase, at the end of the lateral positioning face, a positioning uncertainty likely to remain at the level of the bearing surfaces.
On notera que la troisième surface latérale menée peut se trouver, à distance du relief mené, dans une direction d'extension locale du premier tronçon de la face latérale de positionnement, ou bien elle peut se trouver dans une direction oblique. En d'autres termes, Ia face latérale de positionnement peut être sensiblement rectiligne ou bien comporter un coude, c'est-à-dire représenter fonctionnellement deux parois latérales de cadrage, par exemple mutuellement orientées à 90 degrés. La plaquette selon l'invention peut donc être montée dans tout logement, de foret ou autre porte-outil, ayant une ou deux parois latérales de cadrage. A titre d'exemple, les première et deuxième surfaces latérales menées de cadrage sont tournées au moins partiellement en sens opposés par rapport à une direction d'extension locale de la face latérale de positionnement. Elles assurent ainsi le cadrage "en défilement" devant la paroi de cadrage. En effet, en considérant, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, que le relief mené de cadrage est positif, sous forme de nez, celui-ci est prévu pour s'engager dans une cavité ou échancrure de cadrage appartenant à la paroi du logement. Il est donc facile de prévoir que cette échancrure soit de forme et de profondeur telles que les première et deuxième surfaces latérales menées viennent buter, selon les dits sens opposés, sur respectivement les première et deuxième surfaces latérales menantes de la cavité, pour ainsi déterminer la position "en défilement" de Ia face latérale de positionnement de la plaquette devant la paroi latérale de cadrage. Un premier degré X de liberté en translation latérale de la plaquette au niveau du nez est ainsi figé. Par ailleurs, l'enfoncement du nez dans la cavité est déterminé par la forme et la taille du nez et des parois latérales menantes de cadrage de la cavité, qui peuvent par exemple présenter une forme en V de centrage, ce qui fixe le deuxième degré de liberté Y.It should be noted that the third driven lateral surface may be, at a distance from the led relief, in a direction of local extension of the first section of the lateral positioning face, or it may be in an oblique direction. In other words, the lateral positioning face may be substantially rectilinear or have a bend, that is to say functionally represent two side walls of registration, for example mutually oriented at 90 degrees. The wafer according to the invention can therefore be mounted in any housing, drill or other tool holder, having one or two side walls of framing. By way of example, the first and second driven lateral framing surfaces are turned at least partially in opposite directions relative to a direction of local extension of the lateral positioning face. They thus ensure the framing "in scrolling" in front of the framing wall. Indeed, considering, by way of nonlimiting example, that the led embossing relief is positive, in the form of nose, it is intended to engage in a cavity or notch of registration belonging to the housing wall . It is therefore easy to provide that this notch is of shape and depth such that the first and second driven side surfaces abut, in the said opposite directions, respectively on the first and second leading lateral surfaces of the cavity, so as to determine the "scrolling" position of the lateral positioning face of the wafer in front of the lateral framing wall. A first degree X of freedom in lateral translation of the wafer at the nose is thus fixed. Furthermore, the depression of the nose in the cavity is determined by the shape and size of the nose and the lateral walls leading the cavity, which may for example have a V-shaped centering, which fixes the second degree of freedom Y.
Les parois latérales menantes de cadrage peuvent aussi former respectivement les deux flancs parallèles d'une rainure en U, l'un au moins des deux flancs se poursuivant par un repli, d'un angle quelconque, constituant le fond de la cavité, sur lequel butera le nez. Cela fige ainsi, au niveau du nez, le deuxième degré Y de liberté en translation d'avance de la plaquette vers la paroi latérale de cadrage considérée.The leading lateral walls of framing may also respectively form the two parallel flanks of a U-shaped groove, at least one of the two flanks continuing with a fold, at any angle, constituting the bottom of the cavity, on which will stop the nose. This thus fixes, at the level of the nose, the second degree Y of freedom in advance translation of the wafer towards the lateral framing wall considered.
Ainsi, d'une façon générale, le relief mené est prévu pour recevoir, du relief menant, trois composantes de force de réaction de cadrage, à savoir deux composantes de sens opposés qui assurent le cadrage X, "en défilement" devant la paroi latérale de cadrage, et une composante perpendiculaire à celles-ci, qui va définir le cadrage Y, c'est-à-dire l'enfoncement entre les reliefs menant et mené et donc une distance de garde entre le reste, non appuyé latéralement, de la face latérale de positionnement et une zone en regard de la paroi latérale de cadrage considérée. Le relief mené peut être d'un seul tenant, c'est-à-dire un nez et/ou une cavité limité par les première et deuxième surfaces de cadrage, ou bien il peut impliquer une masse de matière dont les première et deuxième surfaces de cadrage sont associées à un relief local respectif, avec donc éventuellement une distance de séparation entre les deux reliefs locaux constituant ensemble fonctionnellement le relief mené de cadrage. En ce qui concerne le positionnement de la troisième surface latérale menée, le relief mené peut servir de pion, de centrage initial, pour ensuite un mouvement final de glissement de la plaquette sur le fond du logement. De préférence, le relief mené sera prévu pour, une fois couplé au relief menant, permettre un léger pivotement de la plaquette autour de lui, c'est-à-dire qu'il constituera un axe pour un mouvement final de repoussement circulaire de la troisième surface latérale menée contre la troisième surface de paroi latérale menante.Thus, in general, the led relief is intended to receive, from the driving relief, three framing reaction force components, namely two components of opposite directions which provide the framing X, "in scrolling" in front of the side wall. and a component perpendicular thereto, which will define the frame Y, that is to say the depression between the driving and led reliefs and therefore a guard distance between the rest, not supported laterally, of the lateral positioning face and an area opposite the framing lateral wall considered. The led relief may be in one piece, that is to say a nose and / or a cavity limited by the first and second framing surfaces, or it may involve a mass of material whose first and second surfaces of framing are associated with a respective local relief, with possibly a separation distance between the two local reliefs together functionally constituting the led framing relief. Regarding the positioning of the third driven lateral surface, the led relief can serve as a pawn, initial centering, and then a final movement of sliding of the wafer on the bottom of the housing. Preferably, the led relief will be provided, once coupled to the driving relief, allow a slight pivoting of the wafer around it, that is to say it will constitute an axis for a final movement of circular repulsion of the third side surface carried against the third driving sidewall surface.
Si, par contre, l'un quelconque parmi le relief mené et le relief menant est une rainure en U et l'autre est un nez de même largeur avec au moins l'une des surfaces latérales qui est plane, pour pouvoir uniquement coulisser en enfoncement dans la rainure, sans basculement possible, alors la troisième surface latérale aura un mouvement d'accostage de la troisième surface de paroi latérale menante qui sera une translation parallèle à la direction d'enfoncement en coulissement du nez dans la rainure. En d'autres termes, dans ce dernier cas, les accostages respectifs du relief mené, par les première et deuxième surfaces latérales menées, et de la troisième surface latérale menée seront simultanés, par des translations identiques.If, on the other hand, any one of the led relief and the driving relief is a U-shaped groove and the other is a nose of the same width with at least one of the lateral surfaces which is flat, to be able to slide only in depression in the groove, without tilting possible, then the third side surface will have a docking movement of the third driving sidewall surface which will be a translation parallel to the sliding driving direction of the nose in the groove. In other words, in the latter case, the respective landings of the led relief, by the first and second driven side surfaces, and the third driven side surface will be simultaneous, by identical translations.
D'une façon générale, les divers appuis latéraux peuvent être prévus relativement ponctuels, ce qui limite le risque de présence d'une surépaisseur due à un débris collé.In general, the various lateral supports can be provided relatively punctually, which limits the risk of presence of extra thickness due to debris stuck.
Dans une forme de réalisation, les première et deuxième surfaces latérales de cadrage s'étendent selon des directions globales d'extension mutuellement inclinées, c'est-à-dire qu'elles forment globalement un V. Si les surfaces latérales considérées présentent un profil non rectiligne, leur direction globale d'extension peut être définie comme étant parallèle à une droite qui relierait deux points d'extrémité opposées de la surface considérée, par exemple une corde dans le cas d'une surface latérale à profil circulaire.In one embodiment, the first and second framing lateral surfaces extend in mutually inclined global extension directions, that is to say that they generally form a V. If the lateral surfaces considered have a profile not rectilinear, their overall direction of extension can be defined as being parallel to a straight line that would connect two opposite end points of the considered surface, for example a rope in the case of a circular profile side surface.
Avantageusement, la direction médiane est perpendiculaire à la direction d'extension de la face latérale, de sorte que toute tolérance de fabrication dans Ia longueur du V ou dans son angle d'écartement des branches ne provoque aucun défaut de positionnement "en défilement". Il en est de même pour toute tolérance au niveau d'un relief en V menant, c'est-à-dire dans un logement pour la plaquette. Ceci est particulièrement intéressant pour une plaquette de foret appuyée par sa face latérale arrière, plaquette qui restera ainsi centrée. La tolérance de fabrication ci-dessus ne provoquera qu'un léger décalage axial, ce qui ne présente aucun inconvénient. Les première et deuxième surfaces latérales de cadrage peuvent être courbes, et par exemple convexes. Le relief menant pourra aussi être prévu avec de dites première et deuxième surfaces de paroi menantes qui soient concaves, pour que l'un des reliefs, femelle, forme un berceau dont le rayon de courbure des première et deuxième surfaces/parois soit légèrement supérieur ou même égal à une valeur de rayon des deux surfaces correspondantes du relief mâle, afin de permettre la légère rotation, évoquée plus haut, de mouvement d'accostage de la troisième surface latérale menée.Advantageously, the median direction is perpendicular to the direction of extension of the lateral face, so that any manufacturing tolerance in the length of the V or in its angle of separation of the branches causes no positioning defect "in scrolling". It is the same for any tolerance at a leading V relief, that is to say in a housing for the wafer. This is particularly interesting for a drill insert supported by its rear side face, which plate will remain centered. The manufacturing tolerance above will cause only a slight axial shift, which presents no inconvenience. The first and second framing lateral surfaces may be curved, and for example convex. The driving relief may also be provided with said first and second concave surface leading surfaces, so that one of the reliefs, female, forms a cradle whose radius of curvature of the first and second surfaces / walls is slightly greater or even equal to a radius value of the two corresponding surfaces of the male relief, to allow the slight rotation, mentioned above, of the docking movement of the third driven lateral surface.
De préférence, la troisième surface latérale est portée par un talon de cadrage. De la sorte, il est assuré une distance latérale de garde qui évite tout risque de contact parasite entre la paroi latérale du logement et les tronçons de la face latérale de positionnement qui n'ont pas de fonction d'appui.Preferably, the third lateral surface is carried by a framing heel. In this way, it is ensured a lateral guard distance which avoids any risk of parasitic contact between the side wall of the housing and the sections of the lateral positioning face which have no bearing function.
L'invention concerne aussi porte-outil prévu pour recevoir une plaquette selon l'invention, comportant un logement de plaquette présentant une paroi latérale de cadrage comportant, d'une part, un premier tronçon de paroi de cadrage comprenant un relief menant de cadrage de deux degrés de liberté de mouvement de la plaquette sur un fond du logement, relief de cadrage menant présentant des première et deuxième surfaces latérales menantes de cadrage prévues pour recevoir en appui de cadrage respectivement des première et deuxième surfaces latérales de cadrage menées de la plaquette, et, d'autre part, à distance déterminée du premier tronçon de paroi de cadrage, un deuxième tronçon de paroi de cadrage comprenant une troisième surface latérale menante, de cadrage d'un autre degré de liberté de mouvement de la plaquette sur le fond du logement, par réception en appui d'une troisième surface menée de paroi latérale de cadrage de la plaquette, deux parmi les première, deuxième et troisième surfaces de cadrage menantes étant mutuellement inclinées de façon à assurer, aux surfaces de paroi latérale menées de la plaquette en regard, un cadrage en une position prévue de défilement.The invention also relates to a tool holder adapted to receive a wafer according to the invention, comprising a wafer housing having a framing side wall comprising, on the one hand, a first framing wall section comprising a relief embossing leading edge. two degrees of freedom of movement of the wafer on a bottom of the housing, leading framing relief having first and second lateral surfaces leading framing provided to receive in abutment respectively framing first and second lateral surfaces of the led framing of the wafer, and, on the other hand, at a determined distance from the first framing wall section, a second framing wall section comprising a third driving lateral surface, of framing a further degree of freedom of movement of the wafer on the bottom of the framing wall. housing, by receiving in support of a third led side surface of the wafer, two of the first re, second and third lead-in alignment surfaces being mutually inclined so as to ensure for the sidewall surfaces on the wafer facing it, a frame in an intended position of scrolling.
Les première et deuxième surfaces latérales menantes de cadrage sont par exemple globalement tournées au moins partiellement en sens opposés par rapport à une direction d'extension locale de la paroi latérale de cadrage. Dans une forme de réalisation, les première et deuxième surfaces latérales menantes de cadrage, planes ou courbes, s'étendent selon des directions globales d'extension mutuellement inclinées. L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description suivante d'une forme de réalisation, et d'une variante, d'un foret selon l'invention équipé d'une plaquette de coupe selon l'invention, en référence au dessin annexé, sur lequel :For example, the first and second leading surfaces for framing are generally at least partly facing in opposite directions with respect to a direction of local extension of the framing side wall. In one embodiment, the first and second planar or planar surface leading surfaces extend in mutually inclined global extension directions. The invention will be better understood with the aid of the following description of an embodiment, and a variant, of a drill according to the invention equipped with a cutting insert according to the invention, with reference to FIG. attached drawing, in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue latérale de l'extrémité avant du foret équipé de la plaquette vue en plan, posée sur le fond d'un logement ménagé dans le foret, en une position proche d'une position fonctionnelle de bridage,- Figure 1 is a side view of the front end of the drill equipped with the wafer in plan view, placed on the bottom of a housing formed in the drill, in a position close to a functional position of clamping,
- la figure 2 est une vue frontale du foret équipé de la plaquette, de la figure 1,FIG. 2 is a front view of the drill equipped with the wafer, of FIG.
- la figure 3 est une vue latérale du foret et de la plaquette de la figure 1 ,FIG. 3 is a side view of the drill bit and the wafer of FIG. 1,
- la figure 4 est une vue en perspective éclatée d'une variante du foret et de la plaquette de la figure 1,FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a variant of the drill bit and the wafer of FIG. 1;
- la figure 5 est une vue en perspective arrière de la plaquette de la figure 4,FIG. 5 is a rear perspective view of the wafer of FIG. 4;
- la figure 6 est une vue en plan, homologue de la figure 1 , de la plaquette et du foret des figures 5 et 6, etFIG. 6 is a plane view, homologous to FIG. 1, of the wafer and the drill of FIGS. 5 and 6, and
- la figure 7 est une vue en bout du foret, seul, de la figure 4. Le foret représenté partiellement sur les figures 1, 2 et 3 comporte un fût 90, d'axe géométrique de rotation 10, dont seule est représentée une extrémité avant présentant un logement 50 en forme de fente diamétrale ouverte vers l'avant, c'est-à-dire le bas de la figure 1.FIG. 7 is an end view of the drill, alone, of FIG. 4. The drill bit partially represented in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 comprises a barrel 90 of geometric axis of rotation 10, of which only one end is shown. front having a slot 50 in the form of diametrical slot open towards the front, that is to say the bottom of Figure 1.
Sauf indication contraire, dans la présente description, les références d'orientation axiale ou radiale se fondent sur l'axe 10. De même, la direction "avant" est ici la direction fonctionnelle du foret, c'est-à-dire celle allant de son extrémité arrière vers son extrémité avant, comportant le logement 50.Unless otherwise indicated, in the present description, the references of axial or radial orientation are based on the axis 10. Similarly, the "forward" direction is here the functional direction of the drill, that is to say, the direction from its rear end to its front end, having the housing 50.
Comme le montrent mieux les figures 2 et 3, le logement 50 de la figure 1 est limité par deux grandes surfaces latérales de bridage 61 et 62, parallèles et ici axiales, appartenant respectivement à deux joues ou flasques légèrement flexibles 63, 64, opposés symétriquement par rapport à l'axe 10. Lors du montage de la plaquette 9 sur le fût 90, la surface de bridage 61 , par exemple, constitue une surface porteuse, ou fond, sur laquelle l'utilisateur fait glisser la plaquette 9 pour l'amener en position voulue de cadrage. Le bridage est ici effectué par une vis radiale 80, d'axe géométrique 80A, dont le corps traverse librement un passage 66 du flasque 64, et un trou central 8 de la plaquette 9, pour venir en prise avec un trou taraudé 65 du flasque 63. La plaquette 9 est donc maintenue dans le plan diamétral défini par les deux surfaces de bridage 61 et 62, mais son orientation et sa position dans ce plan sont à fixer préalablement, ce qui représente 2 degrés de liberté en translation et un degré de liberté en rotation. Pour la commodité de l'exposé, la direction radiale dans ce plan diamétral est référencée X et la direction axiale est référencée Y, vers l'arrière. Pour faciliter la flexion en rapprochement des deux flasques 63, 64, une paroi de cadrage 53, limitant l'arrière du logement 50, présente une fente axiale 92, toutefois optionnelle, s'étendant en largeur entre les deux bords latéraux de la paroi arrière de cadrage 53, de sorte que les deux flasques 63, 64 sont fonctionnellement allongés d'autant vers l'arrière et forment ainsi deux pinces élastiquement flexibles dont le point d'ancrage, ou de pivotement en flexion, est ainsi axialement en arrière du logement 50.As best shown in Figures 2 and 3, the housing 50 of Figure 1 is limited by two large lateral clamping surfaces 61 and 62, parallel and axial here, respectively belonging to two cheeks or flanges slightly flexible 63, 64, symmetrically opposite. relative to the axis 10. When mounting the plate 9 on the shaft 90, the clamping surface 61, for example, constitutes a bearing surface, or bottom, on which the user slides the plate 9 for the bring in the desired position of framing. The clamping is here carried out by a radial screw 80, of geometric axis 80A, whose body passes freely through a passage 66 of the flange 64, and a central hole 8 of the plate 9, to engage with a threaded hole 65 of the flange 63. The plate 9 is thus maintained in the diametral plane defined by the two clamping surfaces 61 and 62, but its orientation and its position in this plane are to fix beforehand, which represents 2 degrees of freedom in translation and a degree of freedom in rotation. For the sake of convenience, the radial direction in this diametral plane is referenced X and the axial direction is referenced Y, towards the rear. To facilitate the bending of the two flanges 63, 64 close together, a framing wall 53, limiting the rear of the housing 50, has an axial slot 92, however optional, extending in width between the two lateral edges of the rear wall. 53, so that the two flanges 63, 64 are functionally extended all the way backwards and thus form two elastically flexible grippers whose anchoring point, or pivoting in bending, is thus axially behind the housing 50.
La plaquette 9 comporte une grande face d'appui 1, en appui glissant sur la surface de bridage 61, opposée à une grande face d'appui 2, en regard de la surface de bridage 62. Les faces d'appui 1 et 2 comportent chacune un sillon 9G sensiblement axial, à profil transversal arrondi, d'évacuation des copeaux, le sillon 9G de la face d'appui 2 s'étendant sur un nez arrière de cadrage 39, qui présente donc une épaisseur moindre que celle du logement 50. Le fût 90 comporte de même, dans le prolongement arrière des deux sillons d'évacuation 9G, deux goujures respectives 9OG, 91 G s'étendant en hélice vers l'arrière.The plate 9 comprises a large bearing surface 1, bearing sliding on the clamping surface 61, opposite a large bearing face 2, facing the clamping surface 62. The bearing faces 1 and 2 comprise each a groove 9G substantially axial, with a rounded cross section, chip evacuation, the groove 9G of the bearing face 2 extending on a rear framing nose 39, which therefore has a thickness less than that of the housing 50 The barrel 90 likewise has, in the rear extension of the two discharge grooves 9G, two respective flutes 9OG, 91 G extending helically rearwardly.
La figure 2 est une vue frontale du foret, montrant son fût 90 et une partie arrière de base, de diamètre supérieur, servant à son montage dans un outil. On voit que, du fait que les goujures opposées 9OG, 91 G occupent sensiblement deux secteurs respectifs d'environ 90 degrés "mordant" chacune sur un bord latéral des surfaces de bridage 61 et 62 au niveau de chaque sillon d'évacuation 9G, la masse de matière restante du tronçon d'extrémité du fût 90 occupe deux secteurs angulaires dont la direction d'extension radiale d'un bord est inclinée d'environ 30 degrés par rapport à une normale aux surfaces de bridage 61 , 62. Cette inclinaison provient du fait que l'axe 80A est en arrière du logement 50 et donc que les deux secteurs de masse restante, au niveau de l'axe 80A, ont tourné, du fait de la forme hélicoïdale des goujures 9OG, 91G. L'axe 80A de la vis 80 est dirigé selon cette dernière direction, afin d'être sensiblement centré sur chaque masse de matière restante.Figure 2 is a front view of the drill, showing its barrel 90 and a rear base portion, of greater diameter, for its mounting in a tool. It can be seen that because the opposing flutes 9OG, 91G substantially occupy two respective sectors of about 90 degrees "biting" each on a lateral edge of the clamping surfaces 61 and 62 at each discharge groove 9G, the mass of remaining material of the end portion of the barrel 90 occupies two angular sectors whose direction of radial extension of an edge is inclined by about 30 degrees relative to a normal to the clamping surfaces 61, 62. This inclination comes from since the axis 80A is behind the housing 50 and thus the two remaining mass sectors, at the axis 80A, have rotated, due to the helical shape of the flutes 9OG, 91G. The axis 80A of the screw 80 is directed in the latter direction so as to be substantially centered on each mass of remaining material.
Aux fins de cadrage, les extrémités arrière des deux surfaces de bridage 61 , 62 sont reliées par la paroi latérale de cadrage axialement arrière 53, constituant une butée arrière s'étendant ici dans un plan radial selon une direction d'extension globale 40. On notera toutefois que, de façon générale, il suffit que la paroi de cadrage 53 présente deux tronçons, mutuellement espacés radialement, qui soient au moins quelque peu tournés vers l'avant. Il aurait pu, en effet, être prévu que la paroi de cadrage 53 s'étende selon une direction d'extension, selon sa longueur et/ou selon son épaisseur, qui soit inclinée sur un plan radial. En outre, il aurait pu être prévu que la paroi de cadrage 53 soit de forme quelconque, c'est-à-dire non rectiligne et par exemple avec une suite de deux segments mutuellement obliques, car sa fonction d'appui se limite à deux tronçons distants.For the purpose of framing, the rear ends of the two clamping surfaces 61, 62 are connected by the axially rearward axing side wall 53, constituting a rear stop extending here in a radial plane in a direction of overall extension 40. Note however that, in general, it is sufficient that the wall 53 has two radially spaced apart portions which are at least somewhat facing forward. It could indeed be provided that the framing wall 53 extends in an extension direction, along its length and / or according to its thickness, which is inclined on a radial plane. In addition, it could have been provided that the framing wall 53 is of any shape, that is to say non-rectilinear and for example with a sequence of two mutually oblique segments, because its support function is limited to two distant sections.
En effet, la paroi de cadrage 53 présente un premier tronçon de cadrage menant comprenant un relief de cadrage radial et axial constitué ici par une échancrure ou cavité de cadrage 49 en forme d'encoche ou rainure en V, donc femelle et ici à branches concaves en vue depuis l'intérieur du V. La cavité de cadrage 49 forme un berceau ouvert vers l'avant et présente des branches symétriques dans cet exemple, c'est-à-dire à médiane de direction axiale, avec ainsi des branches inclinées radialement selon deux angles, d'inclinaison globale, de même valeur et de signes opposés, et avec une ligne de fond 48, selon l'épaisseur, ici orientée selon une direction circonférentielle, donc perpendiculaire au plan de la figure 1. La distance séparant les sommets des branches du V femelle représente la longueur du premier tronçon de cadrage menant. En variante, l'orientation de la ligne de fond 48 peut être oblique, c'est-à-dire que, sur la figure 1 , elle peut être prévue basculée vers l'axe 10 et/ou vers l'avant.In fact, the framing wall 53 has a first leading framing section comprising a radial and axial framing relief here constituted by a notch or groove cavity 51 in the form of a notch or V-shaped groove, thus female and here with concave branches. in view from inside the V. The framing cavity 49 forms a cradle open towards the front and has symmetrical branches in this example, that is to say with median axial direction, with thus branches radially inclined according to two angles, of overall inclination, of the same value and of opposite signs, and with a bottom line 48, according to the thickness, here oriented in a circumferential direction, therefore perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 1. The distance separating the vertexes of the branches of the female V represents the length of the first leading framing section. Alternatively, the orientation of the bottom line 48 may be oblique, that is to say, in Figure 1, it may be provided tilted towards the axis 10 and / or forward.
Les branches du V femelle comportent respectivement des première et deuxième surfaces latérales de cadrage 41 , 42 situées, globalement depuis la ligne de fond 48, à une distance radiale D d'une troisième surface latérale de cadrage 43 appartenant à un second tronçon de la paroi de cadrage 53, situé du côté diamétralement opposé. La première surface de cadrage 41 , radialement externe, est ainsi tournée partiellement vers l'avant et partiellement vers l'axe 10, selon la flèche 41F, alors que la deuxième surface de cadrage 42, aussi tournée partiellement vers l'avant, est tournée partiellement à l'opposé de l'axe 10, selon la flèche 42F, c'est-à-dire quelque peu vers la première surface de cadrage 41 dans cet exemple. On notera qu'il suffit ici que les deux surfaces de cadrage 41, 42 soit tournées quelque peu l'une vers l'autre, c'est-à-dire qu'il pourrait être prévu, en variante, que l'une de celles-ci soit axiale, voire tournée vers l'arrière. Dans ce dernier cas, le mouvement de recul axial, d'accostage de la plaquette 9 sur la surface de cadrage 41 ou 42 qui serait partiellement tournée vers l'arrière, serait accompagné d'un mouvement radial, par exemple par glissement sur la surface de cadrage 41 ou 42 tournée vers l'avant.The branches of the V female respectively comprise first and second lateral surfaces of registration 41, 42 located, generally from the bottom line 48, at a radial distance D of a third lateral surface of registration 43 belonging to a second section of the wall 53, located on the diametrically opposite side. The first radially outer framing surface 41 is thus partially turned forward and partially towards the axis 10, along the arrow 41F, while the second framing surface 42, also partially turned towards the front, is turned partially opposite the axis 10, according to the arrow 42F, that is to say somewhat towards the first registration surface 41 in this example. Note that it suffices here that the two framing surfaces 41, 42 are turned somewhat toward each other, that is to say that it could be provided, alternatively, that one of these are axial or even turned towards the rear. In the latter case, the axial recoil movement, docking of the plate 9 on the framing surface 41 or 42 which would be partially turned towards the rear, would be accompanied by a radial movement, for example by sliding on the framing surface 41 or 42 facing forward.
Les première, deuxième et troisième surfaces de cadrage 41, 42, 43 peuvent être qualifiées de "menantes" puisque ce sont elles qui vont mener la plaquette 9 jusqu'à sa position fonctionnelle.The first, second and third registration surfaces 41, 42, 43 can be described as "leading" since they are the ones who will lead the wafer 9 to its functional position.
Une surface latérale intermédiaire 44, non fonctionnelle, ici rectiligne et radiale, relie le bord d'extrémité avant de la deuxième surface de cadrage 42, radialement interne, à un bord radialement interne de la troisième surface de cadrage 43. La paroi de cadrage 53 est limitée radialement par une surface latérale radialement extrême 45, optionnelle, ici radiale, sachant toutefois que le bord d'extrémité avant de la surface de cadrage 41, radialement externe, pourrait constituer une extrémité de la paroi de cadrage 53. Dans cet exemple, la troisième surface de cadrage 43 s'étend jusqu'à une extrémité opposée.An intermediate, non-functional, here rectilinear and radial, intermediate surface 44 connects the front end edge of the second radially inner framing surface 42 to a radially inner edge of the third framing surface 43. The framing wall 53 is radially limited by a radially extreme lateral surface 45, optional, here radial, knowing however that the front end edge of the radially outer framing surface 41 could constitute an end of the framing wall 53. In this example, the third framing surface 43 extends to an opposite end.
Les grandes faces d'appui 1 et 2 de la plaquette 9 sont reliées par une face latérale arrière de positionnement de cadrage 3, prévue pour coopérer avec la paroi de cadrage 53, et par deux faces latérales axiales diamétralement opposées 4 et 5, ainsi que par deux faces latérales frontales 6, 7 occupant des positions axialement symétriques et comportant deux arêtes de coupe respectives 6A, 7A formant un V mâle, en vue en plan sur la figure 1 , dont la pointe se trouve sur l'axe 10. Les deux arêtes de coupe 6A et 7A sont respectivement délimitées par les deux grandes faces d'appui 1 et 2, pour être toutes deux actives dans un sens prédéterminé de rotation autour de l'axe 10, et elles sont reliées par une courte arête de coupe radiale de pointe avant 76 de la plaquette 9.The large bearing faces 1 and 2 of the wafer 9 are connected by a rear positioning positioning rear face 3, designed to cooperate with the framing wall 53, and by two diametrically opposite axial side faces 4 and 5, as well as by two end lateral faces 6, 7 occupying axially symmetrical positions and having two respective cutting edges 6A, 7A forming a male V, in plan view in FIG. 1, the point of which is on the axis 10. The two cutting edges 6A and 7A are delimited respectively by the two large bearing faces 1 and 2, to both be active in a predetermined direction of rotation about the axis 10, and they are connected by a short radial cutting edge front tip 76 of the plate 9.
On notera qu'il s'agit d'un exemple non limitatif, car la forme précise de la plaquette 9 n'intervient pas dans l'invention. Ainsi, les faces latérales axiales 4, 5 pourraient être omises, ou pourraient délimiter des arêtes de coupe axiales ou axialement inclinées pour tailler un cône, et les arêtes de coupe frontales 6 et 7 pourraient par exemple constituer ensemble un nez de coupe à profil arrondi. De même, dans le cas d'une application à un outil de coupe du genre fraise formant une roue munie en périphérie d'une série de plaquettes de coupe périphériques entraînées en translation circulaire, qui ne tourneraient donc pas sur elles-mêmes autour d'un axe virtuel les traversant, les arêtes de coupe seraient toutes limitées par une même grande face d'appui 1 ou 2. La face latérale de positionnement 3, s'étendant globalement selon une direction d'extension 30 radiale, présente, près d'une extrémité, un premier tronçon comprenant un relief de cadrage constituant le nez 39, en V mâle ici arrondi, pointant vers l'arrière avec une ligne sommitale arrière 38, de même angle d'ouverture et même orientation, en position cadrée, que la cavité de cadrage 49. Pour la commodité de l'exposé des orientations relatives des diverses parties de la plaquette 9, celle-ci est supposée être déjà orientée convenablement, c'est-à-dire que la face de cadrage 3 est en arrière et sa direction d'extension 30 est radiale.Note that this is a non-limiting example, because the precise shape of the wafer 9 is not involved in the invention. Thus, the axial lateral faces 4, 5 could be omitted, or could delimit axial or axially inclined cutting edges for cutting a cone, and the front cutting edges 6 and 7 could for example together form a rounded profile cutting nose . Similarly, in the case of an application to a milling cutter type forming a wheel provided peripherally with a series of peripheral cutting plates driven in circular translation, which would therefore not turn on themselves around a virtual axis passing through them, the cutting edges would all be limited by the same large support face 1 or 2. The lateral positioning face 3, extending generally in a direction of radial extension, has, near one end, a first section comprising a framing relief constituting the nose 39, in this male V rounded, pointing to the rear with a rear top line 38, the same aperture angle and same orientation, in the squared position, that the registration cavity 49. For the convenience of the presentation of the relative orientations of the various parts of the wafer 9, that it is supposed to be already oriented properly, that is to say that the framing face 3 is back and its extension direction is radial.
Il peut en particulier être prévu que la ligne sommitale 38 et la ligne de fond 48 présentent des inclinaisons différentes par rapport à une normale au plan des grandes faces d'appui 1 et 2, c'est-à-dire des angles de basculement vers l'axe 10, pour que la force de recul et de contact du nez de cadrage 39 dans la cavité de cadrage 49 provoque un couple tendant à faire pivoter la plaquette 9 autour d'un axe virtuel parallèle à l'axe 10 et traversant le nez de cadrage 39, donc tendant à plaquer une zone radialement opposée de la grande face d'appui 1 ou 2, proche de la surface latérale 5, sur la surface d'appui associée 61 ou 62, le couple de vrillage ainsi créé assurant une meilleure stabilité.It may in particular be provided that the top line 38 and the bottom line 48 have different inclinations with respect to a normal to the plane of the large bearing faces 1 and 2, that is to say, angles of tilt towards the axis 10, so that the force of recoil and contact of the framing nose 39 in the framing cavity 49 causes a torque tending to pivot the plate 9 about a virtual axis parallel to the axis 10 and passing through the framing nose 39, thus tending to press a radially opposite zone of the large bearing face 1 or 2, close to the lateral surface 5, on the associated bearing surface 61 or 62, the twisting torque thus created ensuring a better stability.
Le nez de cadrage 39 est limité, radialement en externe et en interne, par des première et deuxième surfaces latérales menées de cadrage 31 et 32 espacées selon la direction d'extension 30, locale et aussi globale dans cet exemple, et formant deux branches radialement distantes d'un V mâle, à plan médian axial, tournées au moins partiellement en sens opposés par rapport à la direction d'extension 30, et qui présentent une convexité à rayon de courbure sensiblement égal au rayon de courbure de la concavité des surfaces de cadrage 41 , 42, pour ainsi s'y coupler. Il est ainsi constitué un palier en berceau facilitant un léger pivotement éventuel de la plaquette 9 lors de son cadrage. Le nez de cadrage 39 constitue ainsi un axe de pivotement.The framing nose 39 is limited, radially externally and internally, by first and second framing lateral surfaces 31 and 32 spaced in the extension direction 30, local and also global in this example, and forming two branches radially. spaced from a male V, axial axial plane, turned at least partially in opposite directions relative to the extension direction 30, and which have a convexity radius of curvature substantially equal to the radius of curvature of the concavity of the surfaces of framing 41, 42, so to couple. It is thus constituted a cradle bearing facilitating a slight possible pivoting of the wafer 9 during its framing. The framing nose 39 thus constitutes a pivot axis.
La distance séparant les sommets des branches du V mâle 31 , 32 représente la longueur du premier tronçon de cadrage mené. Les formes respectivement concaves et convexes de la cavité de cadrage 49 et du nez de cadrage 39 sont telles qu'il n'y a appui qu'au niveau des branches opposées de surfaces de cadrage 31 , 41 et 32, 42, c'est-à-dire que la ligne sommitale arrière 38 reste à distance de la ligne de fond 48. De même, les surfaces latérales avant de la cavité de cadrage 49 ne représentent qu'une embouchure élargie pour faciliter la mise en place du nez de cadrage 39, c'est-à-dire que les deux surfaces latérales correspondantes, à la base du nez de cadrage 39, se trouvent à distance des surfaces d'embouchure ci-dessus une fois que la position de cadrage est atteinte.The distance separating the vertices of the branches of the male V 31, 32 represents the length of the first led framing section. The respectively concave and convex shapes of the framing cavity 49 and the framing nose 39 are such that there is only support at the opposite branches of framing surfaces 31, 41 and 32, 42, it is that is, the rear top line 38 remains at a distance from the bottom line 48. Similarly, the front side surfaces of the frame cavity 49 represent only an enlarged mouth to facilitate the placement of the framing nose. 39, that is, both Corresponding lateral surfaces, at the base of the framing nose 39, are at a distance from the mouth surfaces above once the framing position is reached.
La face de cadrage 3 comporte en outre un second tronçon constitué par une troisième surface latérale de cadrage 33 située globalement à la distance D du nez de cadrage 39, en direction radiale dans cet exemple. La troisième surface de cadrage 33, qui doit être tournée au moins partiellement vers l'avant pour servir de butée arrière, est ici à extension purement radiale (30), c'est-à-dire totalement tournée vers l'avant. Il pourrait toutefois être prévu que la troisième surface de cadrage 33 soit à extension oblique par rapport à la direction radiale 30, c'est-à-dire remplace fonctionnel lement l'une des première et deuxième surfaces latérales de cadrage 31, 32, celle-ci servant alors uniquement de butée frontale, c'est-à-dire assurant localement une distance de garde par rapport à la paroi de cadrage 53. Dans ces conditions, le choix de la position relative précise, sur la surface latérale de cadrage 3, et/ou la taille axiale accrue, par un talon, de la troisième surface de cadrage 33, oblique, permet de déterminer aussi une distance de garde locale en regard de celle-ci.The registration face 3 further comprises a second portion constituted by a third lateral registration surface 33 located generally at the distance D from the registration nose 39, radially in this example. The third framing surface 33, which must be turned at least partially forward to serve as a backstop, is here to extend purely radially (30), that is to say, completely facing forward. It could, however, be provided that the third registration surface 33 is obliquely extending with respect to the radial direction 30, that is to say, functionally replace one of the first and second registration surfaces 31, 32, that it then serves only as a frontal stop, that is to say locally ensuring a guard distance from the framing wall 53. In these conditions, the choice of the precise relative position on the lateral framing surface 3 and / or the increased axial size, by a heel, of the third oblique framing surface 33 also makes it possible to determine a local guard distance opposite it.
Une surface latérale intermédiaire 34 ici rectiligne et radiale, non fonctionnelle, relie le bord radialement interne du nez de cadrage 39 à un bord en regard, radialement interne, de la troisième surface de cadrage 33. La face de cadrage 3 est ici limitée par une surface latérale d'extrémité 35, ici rectiligne et radiale, de faible étendue radiale, c'est-à-dire que la distance D est de préférence choisie relativement importante par rapport à une valeur de largeur de la plaquette 9, par exemple au moins 50%, voire 70%, voire même 80%, pour disposer d'une bonne assise arrière contre le basculement. En outre, la présence éventuelle d'un débris sur l'une des surfaces de cadrage 31-33 ou 41- 43 n'aboutira pas, au niveau de l'extrémité radiale 35 de la face de cadrage 3, à une amplification axiale du défaut de position axiale alors présenté par les appuis de cadrage ci-dessus.An intermediate lateral surface 34, which is rectilinear and radial, non-functional, connects the radially inner edge of the framing nose 39 to a radially internal facing edge of the third framing surface 33. The framing face 3 is here limited by a lateral end surface 35, here rectilinear and radial, of small radial extent, that is to say that the distance D is preferably chosen relatively large compared to a width value of the wafer 9, for example at least 50%, even 70%, even 80%, to have a good rear seat against tipping. In addition, the possible presence of a debris on one of the framing surfaces 31-33 or 41-43 will not result, at the radial end 35 of the framing face 3, in an axial amplification of the axial position defect then presented by the framing supports above.
Les première, deuxième et troisième surfaces de cadrage 31 , 32, 33 peuvent être qualifiées de "menées" puisqu'elles vont être guidées par les surfaces menantes de cadrage 41, 42, 43 jusqu'à la position fonctionnelle voulue. En fonctionnement, la plaquette 9 se trouve plaquée contre la paroi de cadrageThe first, second and third framing surfaces 31, 32, 33 may be described as "driven" since they will be guided by the leading surfaces 41, 42, 43 to the desired functional position. In operation, the plate 9 is pressed against the framing wall
53 par une force de recul transmise par les arêtes de coupe 6A, 7A et 76 en appui sur une pièce à usiner, de sorte que la plaquette 9 constitue une poutre transversale en appui, d'un côté, par le nez de cadrage 39, sur les première et deuxième surfaces de cadrage 41, 42 de la cavité 49 et, du côté radialement opposé, par la troisième surface menée de cadrage 33, en appui sur la troisième surface menante de cadrage 43.53 by a recoil force transmitted by the cutting edges 6A, 7A and 76 resting on a workpiece, so that the plate 9 constitutes a transverse beam supported, on one side, by the framing nose 39, on the first and second surfaces of framing 41, 42 of the cavity 49 and, on the radially opposite side, by the third framing surface 33, resting on the third framing leading surface 43.
Pour garantir une distance de garde axiale entre les surfaces de chaque paire de surfaces non fonctionnelles en regard 34, 44 et 35, 45, l'une parmi la troisième surface menée de cadrage 33 et la troisième surface menante de cadrage 43 est légèrement en saillie axiale par rapport au reste de la face ou paroi de cadrage 3 ou 53 considérée, c'est-à-dire est déportée vers l'autre, en arrière ou respectivement en avant, par rapport à sa direction globale d'extension radiale 30 ou 40. Ici, c'est la troisième surface menée de cadrage 33 qui est ainsi déportée en arrière par un appendice en plateau formant un talon de cadrage 33T, dont elle constitue la surface arrière. Symétriquement, le nez de cadrage 39 est un peu plus long que la valeur de profondeur, axiale, de la cavité de cadrage 49, pour assurer au moins un minimum de valeur de la garde axiale.In order to guarantee an axial guard distance between the surfaces of each pair of non-functional facing surfaces 34, 44 and 35, 45, one of the third ledge surface 33 and the third ledge surface 43 is slightly projecting. axial to the rest of the facing or facing wall 3 or 53 considered, that is to say is deported to the other, behind or respectively forward, relative to its overall direction of radial extension 30 or 40. Here, it is the third led surface of framing 33 which is thus deported back by a plate appendage forming an LP framing heel, of which it constitutes the rear surface. Symmetrically, the framing nose 39 is a little longer than the depth value, axial, of the framing cavity 49, to ensure at least a minimum value of the axial guard.
Comme évoqué tout au début, le positionnement de la plaquette 9 peut s'effectuer commodément en la poussant vers l'arrière de façon à faire quelque peu entrer le nez de cadrage 39 dans la cavité de cadrage 49. Le nez de cadrage 39 sert alors de pion de centrage radial selon la direction radiale X, de sorte que la troisième surface menée de cadrage 33 vient s'appliquer sur la troisième surface menante de cadrage 43 et occupe en regard exactement la position radiale voulue lorsque les première et deuxième surfaces menées de cadrage du nez de cadrage 39 sont respectivement au contact des première et deuxième surfaces menantes de cadrage 41 et 42, qui servent de palier.As mentioned at the beginning, the positioning of the wafer 9 can be done conveniently by pushing it backwards so as to make the framing nose 39 enter the framing cavity 49 slightly. The framing nose 39 then serves radial centering pin in the radial direction X, so that the third driven framing surface 33 is applied to the third leading surface 43 and occupies exactly the desired radial position when the first and second driven surfaces of framing nose 39 are respectively in contact with the first and second framing surfaces 41 and 42, which serve as a bearing.
En particulier, un mode opératoire commode est d'enfoncer, au maximum possible, le nez de cadrage 39 dans la cavité de cadrage 39, même si l'orientation (axiale) de la plaquette 9 n'est pas encore parfaite, pour ensuite pousser en arrière la plaquette 9, par exemple par sa pointe avant 76, de façon à la faire pivoter autour du nez de cadrage 39 jusqu'à ce que les troisièmes surfaces de cadrage 33 et 43 se trouvent en contact. Pendant cette rotation, l'orientation du nez de cadrage 39 se rapproche de l'orientation axiale voulue, de sorte que le nez de cadrage 39 termine son mouvement de pénétration jusqu'au fond 48 de la cavité de cadrage 49. Dans cet exemple, le contact entre le nez de cadrage 39 et la cavité de cadrageIn particular, a convenient procedure is to depress, as much as possible, the framing nose 39 in the framing cavity 39, even if the (axial) orientation of the wafer 9 is not yet perfect, to then push behind the wafer 9, for example by its front tip 76, so as to rotate it around the framing nose 39 until the third framing surfaces 33 and 43 are in contact. During this rotation, the orientation of the framing nose 39 approaches the desired axial orientation, so that the framing nose 39 terminates its penetration to the bottom 48 of the framing cavity 49. In this example, the contact between the framing nose 39 and the framing cavity
49 est établi sur une certaine longueur de chaque branche de V femelle ou mâle, hormis la zone de base du nez de cadrage qui assure la distance de garde. En variante, les premières et deuxièmes surfaces de cadrage 31 , 41 et 32, 42 sont prévues pour un contact plus ponctuel, par exemple selon deux génératrices respectives sensiblement parallèles à la ligne de fond de cavité de cadrage 48, c'est-à-dire perpendiculaires aux grandes faces d'appui 1 et 2. On notera aussi qu'il n'est pas nécessaire que, comme dans cet exemple, la cavité de cadrage 49 soit une rainure s'étendant sur une longueur correspondant à l'épaisseur de la plaquette 9. En d'autres termes, le nez de cadrage 39 pourrait ne pas s'étendre sur toute l'épaisseur de la plaquette 9.49 is established over a certain length of each branch of V female or male, except the base zone of the framing nose which provides the guard distance. Alternatively, the first and second registration surfaces 31, 41 and 32, 42 are provided for a more punctual contact, for example according to two respective generatrices substantially parallel to the bottom line of registration recess 48, that is to say perpendicular to the large bearing faces 1 and 2. It will also be noted that it is not not necessary that, as in this example, the registration cavity 49 is a groove extending over a length corresponding to the thickness of the wafer 9. In other words, the framing nose 39 may not extend. throughout the thickness of the wafer 9.
D'une façon générale, les première, deuxième et troisième surfaces de cadrage 31, 32, 33, présentent une valeur totale de surface de cadrage qui ne représente qu'une faible proportion d'une valeur de surface de la surface de cadrage 3 les comportant. De préférence, cette proportion représente moins de 20%, de façon plus préférée moins de 10%, et de façon encore plus préférée moins de 5%. La mesure de chaque surface latérale de cadrage menée 31-33, c'est-à-dire la zone de surface fonctionnelle, peut s'effectuer en supposant que la paroi de cadrage menante correspondante 41-43 présente des reliefs de cadrage à surfaces de formes et positions relatives exactement complémentaire de celles des surfaces latérales menées de cadrage 31-33.In general, the first, second and third registration surfaces 31, 32, 33 have a total registration area value which represents only a small proportion of a surface value of the registration area 3. comprising. Preferably, this proportion is less than 20%, more preferably less than 10%, and even more preferably less than 5%. The measurement of each lateral framing surface 31-33, that is to say the functional surface area, can be carried out by assuming that the corresponding driving framing wall 41-43 has framing reliefs with surface areas. shapes and relative positions exactly complementary to those of the lateral framing surfaces 31-33.
Par ailleurs, deux des surfaces latérales de cadrage 31, 32 étant regroupées, le premier tronçon de cadrage les comportant représente de préférence moins de 20% d'une valeur de longueur totale de la surface latérale 3, ou ses variantes, de façon plus préférée moins de 10%. La surface latérale intermédiaire 34, reliant le bord radialement interne de la deuxième surface latérale de cadrage 32 (ou ses variantes) au bord en regard, radialement interne, de la troisième surface de cadrage 33, présente une longueur (légèrement inférieure à la distance globale D) représentant de préférence au moins 50%, de préférence au moins 70% de la valeur de longueur totale de la surface latérale 3 les comportant, de façon la plus préférée au moins 80%. C'est donc cette longueur qui sépare mutuellement les premier et second tronçons de cadrage menés.Moreover, two of the lateral framing surfaces 31, 32 being grouped together, the first framing section comprising them preferably represents less than 20% of a value of the total length of the lateral surface 3, or its variants, more preferably less than 10%. The intermediate lateral surface 34, connecting the radially inner edge of the second lateral framing surface 32 (or its variants) to the radially internal facing edge of the third framing surface 33, has a length (slightly less than the overall distance D) preferably representing at least 50%, preferably at least 70% of the total length value of the side surface 3 having them, most preferably at least 80%. It is therefore this length that separates the first and second framing segments conducted mutually.
La plaquette des figures 4, 5, 6 et 7 est une variante, qui diffère de la forme de réalisation des figures 1 à 3 par le fait que la vis de fixation 80, à tête 81 et corps 82, traverse uniquement le fût 9OA, derrière la plaquette 9A, de sorte que celle-ci est plus courte que la plaquette 9. Les éléments fonctionnels inchangés ont conservé leur référence des figures 1 àThe plate of FIGS. 4, 5, 6 and 7 is a variant, which differs from the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3 in that the fixing screw 80, with head 81 and body 82, passes only through the drum 9OA. behind the wafer 9A, so that it is shorter than the wafer 9. The unchanged functional elements have retained their reference of FIGS.
3 et ceux dont la forme a été modifiée ont conservé la référence numérique de l'élément d'origine, mais avec le suffixe A. Les diverses fonctions restant inchangées, on ne répétera pas, dans un but de concision, les explications concernant la forme, la fonction et le fonctionnement global des divers éléments. On n'exposera ici que les différences par rapport aux figures 1 à 3.3 and those whose form has been modified have retained the numerical reference of the original element, but with the suffix A. The various functions remaining unchanged, we shall not repeat, for the sake of brevity, the explanations concerning the form , function and the overall functioning of the various elements. Only the differences with respect to FIGS. 1 to 3 will be exposed here.
Le trou central 8 de la plaquette 9 est ici omis, si bien que la plaquette 9A a pu être réalisée sous une forme axialement plus courte que la plaquette 9. En effet, comme la plaquette 9 ou 9A constitue une poutre en appui arrière par deux extrémité de sa face latérale de positionnement 3 ou 3A et repoussée par sa pointe, donc à mi-longueur de Ia poutre, le trou central 8 constituait une zone d'affaiblissement, nécessitant une plaquetteThe central hole 8 of the wafer 9 is here omitted, so that the wafer 9A could be made in an axially shorter shape than the wafer 9. Indeed, as the wafer 9 or 9A constitutes a beam in back support by two end of its lateral positioning face 3 or 3A and pushed by its tip, so at mid-length of the beam, the central hole 8 was a weakened area, requiring a wafer
9 assez longue axialement.9 quite long axially.
Pour éviter de devoir prévoir le trou central 8 de la plaquette 9, la fente axiale arrière 92 est ici nécessaire. Les flasques 63 A, 64A forment ainsi deux leviers en regard, dont il suffit de rapprocher deux tronçons de base respectifs pour que se rapprochent les deux tronçons en extrémité libre délimitant le logement 5OA, qui va donc ainsi pincer la plaquette 9A.To avoid having to provide the central hole 8 of the plate 9, the rear axial slot 92 is needed here. The flanges 63A, 64A thus form two levers facing each other, from which it is sufficient to bring two respective base sections together so that the two free-end sections delimiting the housing 5OA are closer together, which will thus pinch the plate 9A.
Le nez 39A, à ligne sommitale 38A, présente un profil de dessus arrondi, avec les première et deuxième surfaces latérales menées de cadrage 31 A et 32 A, pour coopérer avec les première et deuxième surfaces latérales de cadrage 4 IA, 42A de l'échancrure ou cavité 49A en forme d'encoche ou rainure en U à branches évasées. La troisième surface latérale de cadrage 33A coopère avec la troisième surface latérale de cadrage 43A ménagée dans la paroi de cadrage 53A. La figure 7 est une vue frontale du foret avec son fût 9OA, montrant le logementThe nose 39A, with a top line 38A, presents a rounded top profile, with the first and second driven lateral surfaces of 31A and 32A framing, to cooperate with the first and second framing lateral surfaces 4A1, 42A of the notch or cavity 49A in the form of notch or U-shaped groove with flared branches. The third lateral framing surface 33A cooperates with the third lateral framing surface 43A formed in the framing wall 53A. Figure 7 is a front view of the drill with its drum 9OA, showing the housing
5OA avec la fente axiale arrière 92, ainsi que les deux goujures 9OG, 91G. 5OA with the rear axial slot 92, as well as the two flutes 9OG, 91G.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Plaquette de coupe comportant une face latérale (3, 3A) de positionnement cadré contre une paroi latérale de cadrage (53) appartenant à un logement (50, 50A) de porte-outil, caractérisée par le fait que la face latérale de positionnement (3, 3A) comporte, d'une part, un premier tronçon de cadrage comprenant un relief mené (39, 39A) de cadrage de deux degrés de liberté de mouvement de la plaquette sur un fond (61) du logement (50, 50A), relief de cadrage (39, 39A) présentant des première (31, 31A) et deuxième (32, 32A) surfaces latérales menées de cadrage prévues pour venir en appui de cadrage contre respectivement des première et deuxième surfaces latérales menantes de cadrage (41, 42 ou 41 A, 42A) appartenant au logement (50, 50A) de porte- outil, et, d'autre part, à distance déterminée (D) du premier tronçon de cadrage, un second tronçon de cadrage comprenant une troisième surface latérale menée (33, 33A), de cadrage d'un autre degré de liberté de mouvement de la plaquette sur le fond (61) du logement, par appui contre une troisième surface de paroi latérale menante de cadrage (43, 43A) appartenant au logement (50, 50A), deux parmi les première (31 , 31A), deuxième (32, 32A) et troisième (33, 33A) surfaces de cadrage étant mutuellement inclinées de façon à assurer un cadrage en une position prévue de défilement, par rapport aux surfaces de paroi latérale menante en regard. 1. Cutting insert comprising a positioning lateral face (3, 3A) squared against a framing lateral wall (53) belonging to a holder housing (50, 50A), characterized in that the positioning lateral face (3, 3A) comprises, on the one hand, a first framing section comprising a led relief (39, 39A) for framing two degrees of freedom of movement of the wafer on a bottom (61) of the housing (50, 50A ), framing relief (39, 39A) having first (31, 31A) and second (32, 32A) directed lateral surfaces of framing provided to support framing respectively against first and second lateral surfaces leading framing (41 , 42 or 41A, 42A) belonging to the tool holder housing (50, 50A), and secondly, at a determined distance (D) from the first framing section, a second framing section comprising a third lateral surface led (33, 33A), framing another degree of freedom of slack of the housing on the bottom (61) of the housing, by pressing against a third leading edge surface wall surface (43, 43A) belonging to the housing (50, 50A), two of the first (31, 31A), second (32, 32A) and third (33, 33A) framing surfaces being mutually inclined to provide framing at a projected scroll position relative to the facing sidewall surfaces.
2. Plaquette selon la revendication 1 , dans laquelle les première (31, 31A) et deuxième (32, 32A) surfaces latérales menées de cadrage sont tournées au moins partiellement en sens opposés (31F, 32F) par rapport à une direction d'extension locale (30) de la face latérale de positionnement (3, 3A).2. A wafer according to claim 1, wherein the first (31, 31A) and second (32, 32A) driven lateral framing surfaces are turned at least partially in opposite directions (31F, 32F) with respect to a direction of extension. local (30) of the lateral positioning face (3, 3A).
3. Plaquette selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle les première et deuxième surfaces latérales de cadrage (31, 32 ; 3 IA, 32A) s'étendent selon des directions globales d'extension (31F, 32F) mutuellement inclinées.A wafer according to claim 2, wherein the first and second registration side surfaces (31, 32; 3 IA, 32A) extend in mutually inclined global extension directions (31F, 32F).
4. Plaquette selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle les première et deuxième surfaces latérales de cadrage (3 IA, 32A) sont convexes.4. The wafer according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first and second framing surfaces (3 IA, 32A) are convex.
5. Plaquette selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans laquelle le dit relief mené de cadrage est un nez de cadrage (39, 39A).5. The wafer according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said led framing relief is a framing nose (39, 39A).
6. Plaquette selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, dans laquelle la troisième surface latérale (33) est portée par un talon de cadrage (33T). 6. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the third side surface (33) is carried by a framing heel (LP).
7. Plaquette selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, dans laquelle le relief mené de cadrage (39, 39A) est constitué de deux reliefs locaux séparés comportant respectivement les première et deuxième surfaces latérales de cadrage (31, 32 ; 3 IA, 32A). 7. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the led framing relief (39, 39A) consists of two separate local reliefs respectively comprising the first and second framing surfaces (31, 32; 3 IA, 32A).
8. Plaquette selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, dans laquelle les première, deuxième et troisième surfaces de cadrage (31 ou 3 IA, 32 ou 32A ou 33 ou 33A) présentent une valeur totale de surface de cadrage représentant moins de 20%, de façon plus préférée moins de 10%, et de façon encore plus préférée moins de 5%, par rapport à une valeur de surface de la face latérale de positionnement (3, 3A). 8. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first, second and third framing surfaces (31 or 3 IA, 32 or 32A or 33 or 33A) have a total framing surface value of less than 20. %, more preferably less than 10%, and even more preferably less than 5%, with respect to a surface value of the lateral positioning face (3, 3A).
9. Plaquette selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, dans laquelle le dit premier tronçon de cadrage représente moins de 20% d'une valeur de longueur totale de la surface latérale de positionnement (3, 3A), de façon plus préférée moins de 10%.9. The wafer according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said first framing section represents less than 20% of a total length value of the lateral positioning surface (3, 3A), more preferably less 10%.
10. Plaquette selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, dans laquelle les premier et second tronçons de cadrage sont séparés par une distance représentant de préférence au moins 50% de la valeur de longueur totale de la surface latérale (3, 3A) les comportant, de façon plus préférée au moins 70%.10. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first and second frame sections are separated by a distance preferably representing at least 50% of the total length value of the lateral surface (3, 3A). comprising, more preferably at least 70%.
11. Porte-outil prévu pour recevoir une plaquette selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, comportant un logement de plaquette (50, 50A) présentant une paroi latérale de cadrage (53, 53A) comportant, d'une part, un premier tronçon de paroi de cadrage comprenant un relief menant (49, 49A) de cadrage de deux degrés de liberté de mouvement de la plaquette sur un fond (61) du logement, relief de cadrage menant (49, 49A) présentant des première (41, 41A) et deuxième (42, 42A) surfaces latérales menantes de cadrage prévues pour recevoir en appui de cadrage respectivement des première et deuxième surfaces latérales de cadrage menées (31 , 32 ; 3 IA, 32A) de la plaquette, et, d'autre part, à distance déterminée (D) du premier tronçon de paroi de cadrage, un deuxième tronçon de paroi de cadrage comprenant une troisième surface latérale menante (43, 43A), de cadrage d'un autre degré de liberté de mouvement de la plaquette sur le fond (61 ) du logement (50, 50A), par réception en appui d'une troisième surface menée (33, 33A) de paroi latérale de cadrage de la plaquette, deux parmi les première (41, 41A), deuxième (42, 42A) et troisième (43, 43A) surfaces de cadrage menantes étant mutuellement inclinées de façon à assurer, aux surfaces de paroi latérale menées de la plaquette en regard, un cadrage en une position prévue de défilement. 11. A tool holder adapted to receive a wafer according to one of claims 1 to 10, comprising a wafer housing (50, 50A) having a framing side wall (53, 53A) comprising, on the one hand, a first a framing wall section comprising a driving relief (49, 49A) for framing two degrees of freedom of movement of the wafer on a bottom (61) of the housing, leading framing relief (49, 49A) having first (41, 41A) and second (42, 42A) lateral leading surfaces intended to receive in abutment support respectively the first and second framing lateral surfaces carried (31, 32; 3 IA, 32A) of the wafer, and other at a determined distance (D) from the first framing wall section, a second framing wall section comprising a third driving lateral surface (43, 43A) for framing a further degree of freedom of movement of the wafer on the bottom (61) of the housing (50, 50A), by recce in support of a third wafer side wall led surface (33, 33A), two of the first (41, 41A), second (42, 42A) and third (43, 43A) leading framing surfaces being reciprocally inclined so as to provide, at the driven side wall surfaces of the facing wafer, a framing at a desired scrolling position.
12. Porte-outil selon la revendication 11, dans lequel les première (41, 41A) et deuxième (42, 42A) surfaces latérales menantes de cadrage sont tournées au moins partiellement en sens opposés (41F, 42F) par rapport à une direction d'extension locale (40) de la paroi latérale de positionnement (53, 53A). A tool carrier according to claim 11, wherein the first (41, 41A) and second (42, 42A) leading lateral surfaces are at least partially oppositely directed (41F, 42F) relative to a direction of rotation. local extension (40) of the positioning lateral wall (53, 53A).
13. Porte-outil selon l'une des revendications 11 et 12, dans lequel les première et deuxième surfaces latérales menantes de cadrage (41, 41 A ; 42, 42A) s'étendent selon des directions globales d'extension mutuellement inclinées.The tool holder according to one of claims 11 and 12, wherein the first and second leading surfaces (41, 41A, 42, 42A) extend in mutually inclined global extension directions.
14. Porte-outil selon l'une des revendications 11 à 13, dans lequel le dit relief de cadrage menant est une encoche (49, 49A), les première et deuxième surfaces latérales menantes de cadrage (41 A, 42A) étant concaves. The tool holder according to one of claims 11 to 13, wherein said leading relief is a notch (49, 49A), the first and second leading surfaces (41A, 42A) being concave.
EP08805579A 2007-05-16 2008-05-16 Tool holder and cutting tip with centering snout Withdrawn EP2148755A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0703530A FR2916150B1 (en) 2007-05-16 2007-05-16 TOOL HOLDER AND CENTRAL NOSE CUTTING PLATE
PCT/FR2008/000682 WO2008155484A2 (en) 2007-05-16 2008-05-16 Tool holder and cutting tip with centering snout

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EP2148755A2 true EP2148755A2 (en) 2010-02-03

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EP (1) EP2148755A2 (en)
CN (1) CN101687258A (en)
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JP7004189B1 (en) 2021-04-15 2022-01-21 株式会社タンガロイ Cutting inserts and cutting tools
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2916150A1 (en) 2008-11-21
CN101687258A (en) 2010-03-31
FR2916150B1 (en) 2009-07-31
WO2008155484A3 (en) 2009-02-19
WO2008155484A2 (en) 2008-12-24
US20100303561A1 (en) 2010-12-02

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