Classifications

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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
  • C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
  • C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/1802—Organic compounds containing oxygen natural products, e.g. waxes, extracts, fatty oils
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
  • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
  • C10L1/183—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
  • C10L1/1832—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom mono-hydroxy
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
  • C10L1/1857—Aldehydes; Ketones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
  • C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
  • C10L1/1883—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom polycarboxylic acid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
  • C10L1/1905—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polycarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/228—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen double bond, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones, imines; containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen triple bond, e.g. nitriles
  • C10L1/2283—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen double bond, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones, imines; containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen triple bond, e.g. nitriles containing one or more carbon to nitrogen double bonds, e.g. guanidine, hydrazone, semi-carbazone, azomethine
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/232—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
  • C10L1/305—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond)

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a liquid fuel composition Burning Kerosene type or kerosene used for the production of energy, for heating or cooking for family or collective use.
• These fuels are of the Burning Kerozene type, fuels having distillation temperatures between those of gasoline and those of diesel fuel.
• BUK C1 is de-aromatized and desulfurized kerosene.
• the BUK C1 is intended for mobile heating appliances and has an excellent combustion quality.
• the BUK C2 is standard kerosene for conventional heating systems and has a lower combustion quality than the BUK C1.
• liquid fuels are used for fixed energy production applications, for heating, especially in the building, and for cooking.
• thermal appliances such as spray boilers, domestic boilers and slow burning stoves, especially AGA® stoves.
• the liquid fuel passes through a thin feed pipe, usually metal, to reach the combustion chamber; the walls of this duct closest to the combustion chamber are subjected to very high temperatures for residence times which can be significant, more particularly for appliances where the fuel flow is low.
• This greatly increases risk of thermal degradation of the fuel and may lead to the formation of solid deposits on the walls of the duct, resulting in a reduction in the diameter available for the passage of the fuel and a possible reduction of the flow, or even an interruption of the supply of the combustion chamber. combustion.
• the present invention proposes a new Burning Kerosene type liquid fuel composition or kerosene that can be used in energy production and / or heating and / or cooking appliances.
• This liquid fuel not only avoids the problems of clogging of the supply ducts from the fuel storage tank to the combustion chamber but also ensures excellent combustion quality while limiting the solid deposits at the burner, i.e. unburnt. It allows a specific additivation with the additive according to the invention for a class C2 BUK to achieve the combustion quality of a class C1 BUK on certain types of thermal appliances.
• the additive further contains a hydrocarbon organic solvent and / or a compatibilizer or co-solvent.
• the invention provides a method for preparing an additive as defined above, by mixing at room temperature constituents of said additive.
• the composition according to the invention comprises from 250 to 1,000 ppm of additive (s) as defined above.
• the invention proposes the use of a composition as defined above as a fuel for the production of energy, for heating and / or for cooking.
• the composition according to the invention is used as fuel for heating appliances and in particular for steaming stoves or more preferably as fuel for stoves and in particular for slow-burning stoves.
• the additive may also contain a hydrocarbon organic solvent and optionally a compatibilizer or co-solvent.
• antioxidant agent of the phenol type it is possible to use the molecules containing at least one phenol group, molecules which are conventionally used in liquid hydrocarbon compositions for motor fuels or for liquid fuels, such as for example 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), their mixtures.
• BHT 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol
• amines substituted with triazole groups such as N, N-bis (2-ethylhexyl) -4-methyl-1H-brenzotriazole.
• N, N'-disalicylidene groups such as N, N'-disalicylidene 1,2-diaminopropane, their mixtures.
• fatty acid derivatives such as esters of fatty acid dimers and more particularly ethyl esters of linoleic acid and / or stearic acid dimers, derivatives thereof. acids of alkyl succinic anhydrides, their mixtures.
• a mixture of at least one organic tricyclic compound and at least one aldehyde, an ester, a hydroxide, a ketone and an essential oil as defined is advantageously used as a perfume, odor masking or re-odorant. above.
• the additive according to the invention may be prepared by simple mixing of components a) to e) described above, with the hydrocarbon organic solvent and optionally the compatibilizing agent or co-solvent.
• the additive according to the invention has the advantage of being storage stable for at least several months at ambient temperature (-15 to + 40 ° C.) and can therefore be stored in a deposit before mixing with the fuel based on liquid hydrocarbons.
• the fuel composition according to the invention generally comprises from 250 to 1,000 ppm of one or more additive (s) according to the invention.
• liquid hydrocarbons can come from agrofuels, biofuels, biomass and / or synthetic hydrocarbons.
• the fuel composition according to the invention can be prepared in a simple manner by incorporating the additive (s) according to the invention by simple physical mixing of the additive or additives and liquid hydrocarbons. It would not be outside the scope of the invention to separately mix the constituents of the additive according to the invention with liquid hydrocarbons.
• the hydrocarbon composition according to the invention may contain, in addition to the additive (s) according to the invention, one or more other additives, that is to say different from the constituents a) to e), the solvent and the co- possible solvent of the additive according to the invention.
• additives of filterability limit temperature additives of filterability limit temperature
• additives of cloud point additives of cloud point
• pour point additives of lubricity additives or anti-corrosion additives. wear.
• BUK C2 a hydrocarbon composition (equivalent to a BUK C2) which will be referred to hereinafter as BUK C2.
• the sulfur content of BUK C2 is equal to 5 ppm, its density at 15 ° C is 0.8028 g / cm 3 , its mass content in aromatics is 20%, its initial point is 184.2 ° C and its end point 253.3 ° C.
• the 2 fuels to be compared run in parallel on two different vaporization stoves, of the same make and model; this in order to obtain comparative results on products having under exactly the same operating conditions.
• This comparison is done quantitatively by measuring the mass of unburnt produced during the test in the combustion pots, by each of the two fuels. This amount of deposit is reduced to the weight of fuel consumed.
• the duration of this test is 2 weeks, the volume of fuel consumed is about 200 L. Throughout the test, the measurement of flue gas temperature, darkening index and fuel flow allows to follow a possible evolution of the quality of combustion.
• the performance of the additive A in terms of combustion is evaluated by comparing the virgin BUK C2 with the BUK C2 additive with the additive A.
• BUK C2 blank 90 mg / kg BUK C2 + Additive A 40 mg / kg BUK C1 29 mg / kg
• BUK C1 The characteristics of BUK C1 are as follows: sulfur content: 5 ppm, density at 15 ° C: 0,8183 g / cm 3 , mass content of aromatics: 0%, initial point: 185,3 ° C; final: 242.6 ° C)
• Additive B prepared above is mixed with a hydrocarbon composition sold under the name Ketrul (equivalent to a BUK C2).
• a new test makes it possible to compare BUK C2 having a deteriorated combustion quality by simulating a pollution by FOD (3%) to this same fuel additive additive B.
• the amount of deposits formed for BUK C2 is 91 mg / kg and that for BUK C2 + 3% FOD is 300 mg / kg.
• additive A significantly improves the quality of combustion on thermal appliances such as spray stoves by greatly reducing the amount of deposits formed.
• Example 2 Preparation of Fuels According to the Invention (Containing Additive C or Additive D), Slow Cooking Range Tests.
• Additive C An additive according to the invention called Additive C is tested on endurance test on slow-burning stove.
• Additive C At ambient temperature, 500 ppm of Additive C is mixed with a hydrocarbon composition sold under the name Ketrul (equivalent to a BUK C2).
• the test consists of a copper blade corrosion test at 100 ° C for 48 hours; the copper content in the different virgin or additive BUK solutions is measured at the end of the test and the appearance of the solutions is observed.
• the formulations are aged in the presence of copper or iron (dissolved in the form of wire), at 105 ° for 48 hours, then the existing and adherent gums are quantified in the usual way.
• Additive D is tested in a long-term laboratory test (for several months) and on AGA® type slow combustion stoves by mixing 500 ppm of Additive D with BUK C2.
• the fuel thus additive has given full satisfaction and has significantly increased the maintenance period of this type of thermal equipment.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Anti-Oxidant Or Stabilizer Compositions (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

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Cited By (4)

Citations (13)

• 2008
  • 2008-07-25 FR FR0804256A patent/FR2934276B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2009
  • 2009-07-24 EP EP09290586.8A patent/EP2147966B1/de not_active Not-in-force

Patent Citations (13)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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