EP2134955B1 - Fuel injector - Google Patents

Fuel injector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2134955B1
EP2134955B1 EP08708433A EP08708433A EP2134955B1 EP 2134955 B1 EP2134955 B1 EP 2134955B1 EP 08708433 A EP08708433 A EP 08708433A EP 08708433 A EP08708433 A EP 08708433A EP 2134955 B1 EP2134955 B1 EP 2134955B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
fuel
chamber
fuel injector
injector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08708433A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2134955A1 (en
Inventor
Hans-Christoph Magel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2134955A1 publication Critical patent/EP2134955A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/002—Arrangement of leakage or drain conduits in or from injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M53/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having heating, cooling or thermally-insulating means
    • F02M53/04—Injectors with heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/007—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of the groups F02M63/0014 - F02M63/0059
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2547/00—Special features for fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M2547/003—Valve inserts containing control chamber and valve piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2700/00—Supplying, feeding or preparing air, fuel, fuel air mixtures or auxiliary fluids for a combustion engine; Use of exhaust gas; Compressors for piston engines
    • F02M2700/07—Nozzles and injectors with controllable fuel supply
    • F02M2700/077—Injectors having cooling or heating means

Definitions

  • Injector housing comprising a pressure chamber is injected from the high-pressure fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine when the pressure in a control chamber by means of a control valve device is expanded into a pressure relief space.
  • stroke-controlled fuel injection systems can be used in which the injection pressure can be adapted to load and speed.
  • a high pressure injector is known in which the injector is connected to a circulation line so that fuel can be passed through the injector under low pressure.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a fuel injector according to the preamble of claim 1, which has a long service life even at high injection pressures.
  • the object is in a fuel injector with an injector housing, which includes a pressure chamber, is injected from the high-pressure fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, when the pressure in a control chamber by means of a control valve device is expanded into a pressure relief space, achieved in that the injector has a low pressure inlet, which runs through a purge path which passes through the pressure relief space , communicates with a low pressure return. Temperature-critical regions of the injector in the pressure relief space can be cooled via the purge path. As a result, higher injection pressures can be realized than with conventional injectors.
  • a preferred embodiment of the fuel injector is characterized in that the purge path extends along or past parts of the control valve device and / or an actuator.
  • fuel injectors can be reduced in leakage or leak-free by dispensing with a low-pressure stage.
  • the return amount of the injector can be significantly reduced.
  • the control amount of the servo circuit remains, which however has very high temperatures, since the control quantity is expanded by the system pressure via a discharge throttle.
  • the permissible temperature range in the head region is exceeded. In the head area, the heat release via the injector housing is low.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the fuel injector is characterized in that the low-pressure inlet and the low-pressure return are connected to the combustion chamber remote end of the injector.
  • the combustion chamber remote end of the injector is also referred to as injector head.
  • the control valve device and / or the actuator are preferably arranged in the injector head.
  • the fuel injector according to the invention is further characterized in that the control chamber and the pressure relief space communicate with each other via a connecting channel, which runs through a valve piece, along which or along the flushing path runs.
  • the connecting channel can be closed by a closing body of the control valve device.
  • the fuel injector according to the invention is further characterized in that the connecting channel has an outlet throttle in the valve piece, the flushing path extending along or past the region of the valve piece in which the outlet throttle is arranged.
  • About the outlet throttle is when opening the control valve device a control amount relaxed in the pressure relief space.
  • the fuel injector according to the invention is characterized in that the flushing path extends along or past the mouth region in which the connecting channel opens into the pressure relief chamber. This provides the advantage that the fuel heated by the drain throttle is immediately mixed with cool fuel.
  • the pressure relief space communicates with an actuator receiving space in which an actuator is arranged, along which or along which the flushing path runs.
  • the actuator is preferably the armature of a solenoid valve, which cooperates with an electromagnet of the control valve device.
  • the actuator may also be a piezoactuator.
  • Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the fuel injector is characterized in that the actuator is fastened to a valve needle, along which or along which the flushing path runs. As a result, cooling of the valve needle is made possible in a simple manner.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the fuel injector is characterized in that a closing body is attached to the valve needle, along or past the rinsing path runs.
  • the closing body serves to close the connecting channel and to release it in a targeted manner.
  • the accompanying figure shows a schematic representation of a erfindunmultien fuel injector in longitudinal section.
  • a fuel injector 1 is shown schematically in longitudinal section.
  • the fuel injector 1 is supplied from a high-pressure reservoir or a high-pressure fuel source 2 with high-pressure fuel. Via a feed line 3, the fuel injector 1 is connected to the high-pressure accumulator 2.
  • the supply line 3 opens inside the fuel injector 1 into a high-pressure connection space 4, which is enclosed by an injector housing 6.
  • the injector housing 6 comprises an injector body 7 and a nozzle body 8, which has a central guide bore 9.
  • a nozzle needle 10 is guided back and forth movable.
  • the nozzle needle 10 has a tip 11, which opens or closes a flow connection between spray holes 12, 13 and a pressure chamber 15 when the nozzle needle 10 moves away from the combustion chamber or toward the combustion chamber.
  • a pressure shoulder 14 is formed, which is arranged in the pressure chamber 15.
  • 10 flats 17, 18 are provided on the nozzle needle, which allow the passage of fuel from the high-pressure connection chamber 4 in the pressure chamber 15.
  • the combustion chamber remote end of the nozzle needle 10 defines a control chamber 22, which is connected via a connecting channel 24, in which an inlet throttle is arranged, with the high-pressure connection chamber 4 in connection. Via the connecting channel 24 with the inlet throttle, the control chamber 22 is filled with fuel, which is acted upon by high pressure.
  • the control chamber 22 is recessed in a valve piece 26, which may be made in one or more parts.
  • the connecting channel 24 extends through a part of the valve piece 26.
  • a further connecting channel 29, which is equipped with an outlet throttle 30, extends through the valve piece 26 from the control chamber 22 to a pressure relief space 28.
  • the mouth region of the connecting channel 29 is defined by a closing body 32nd lockable, which belongs to a control valve device 34.
  • the control valve device 34 serves to control the opening movement of the nozzle needle 10.
  • the closing body 32 is arranged at the end of a valve needle 36 close to the combustion chamber, which end is fixedly connected to an actuator 38.
  • the actuator 38 is an armature which cooperates with a coil 39 of an electromagnet 40.
  • the armature 38 is biased by a return spring 42 so that the closing body 32 closes the connecting channel 29 with the outlet throttle 30.
  • the electromagnet 40 attracts the armature 38, so that the closing body 32, which is embodied here as a ball, lifts off from an associated seat and releases the connecting channel 29 with the outlet throttle 30. Then, the high-pressure fuel in the control chamber 22 is expanded into the pressure relief chamber 28.
  • the control valve device 34 with the armature 38 is accommodated in the combustion chamber distal end 44 of the fuel injector 1, which is also referred to as injector head or Injektorgepurusekopf 44.
  • the pressure relief space 28 communicates with a fuel tank via a return line.
  • a cooling of temperature-critical areas in the injector head 44 is proposed by a low-pressure circuit of the injection system to solve the temperature problem.
  • the fuel is guided to the low pressure side to the injector 1, flushes through the injector 1 and is then returned in the return. This makes it possible to cool critical areas, in particular the injector head 44 with the control valve device 34.
  • the fuel can be in the circulation of a low pressure pump be passed in sequence through all the injectors of an injection system to keep the cost of the wiring low.
  • each injector can be equipped with an inlet and a return.
  • the fuel acted upon with low pressure is supplied to the injector head 44 via a low-pressure inlet 45 in the form of a cooling flow, which is also referred to as flushing flow or flushing path.
  • the low-pressure fuel reaches the pressure relief space 28 via through-holes 47, 48.
  • the cooling flow or rinse path is guided in such a way that critical points on the valve piece 26, in particular the areas in which the outlet throttle 30 is accommodated, are cooled. Furthermore, the cooling flow or rinse path runs past the mouth region of the connection channel 29 into the pressure relief space 28. This provides the advantage that the fuel heated by the drain throttle 30 is immediately mixed with cool fuel.
  • the cooling flow or purge path passes through another through hole 50 from the pressure relief space 28 into an armature receiving space 52 in which the armature 38 is accommodated. From the anchor receiving space 52, the cooling flow passes through a return spring receiving space 54, in which the return spring 42 is arranged, in a low-pressure return 56th
  • the opening and closing movement of the nozzle needle 10 is controlled by the control valve device 34.
  • the associated control with the throttles in the connection channels 24 and 29 is also called servo control designated.
  • the control valve device 34 When the control valve device 34 is opened, heated fuel flows from the control chamber 22 through the connection channel 29 and the outlet throttle 30 into the pressure relief space 28. The heated fuel mixes in the pressure relief space 28 with the cooling flow.
  • the term low-pressure refers to a significantly lower pressure than the high-pressure which is provided by the high-pressure fuel source 2 and prevails in the high-pressure connection space 4 and in the pressure space 15.
  • the low pressure is provided via the low pressure inlet 45.
  • the low pressure return 56 is connected, for example, to a fuel tank.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Injektorgehäuse, das einen Druckraum umfasst, aus dem mit Hochdruck beaufschlagter Kraftstoff in einen Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzt wird, wenn der Druck in einem Steuerraum mit Hilfe einer Steuerventileinrichtung in einen Druckentlastungsraum entspannt wird.Injector housing comprising a pressure chamber is injected from the high-pressure fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine when the pressure in a control chamber by means of a control valve device is expanded into a pressure relief space.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Zur Einbringung von Kraftstoff in direkt einspritzende Dieselmotoren können hubgesteuerte Kraftstoffeinspritzsysteme eingesetzt werden, bei denen der Einspritzdruck an Last und Drehzahl angepasst werden kann.To introduce fuel into direct injection diesel engines, stroke-controlled fuel injection systems can be used in which the injection pressure can be adapted to load and speed.

Aus der EP 0 409 264 A1 ist ein Hochdruck-Einspritzventil bekannt, bei der Injektor an eine Zirkulationsleitung angeschlossen ist, sodass Kraftstoff unter niedrigem Druck durch den Injektor geleitet werden kann.From the EP 0 409 264 A1 A high pressure injector is known in which the injector is connected to a circulation line so that fuel can be passed through the injector under low pressure.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Kraftstoffinjektor gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 zu schaffen, der auch bei hohen Einspritzdrücken eine hohe Lebensdauer aufweist.The object of the invention is to provide a fuel injector according to the preamble of claim 1, which has a long service life even at high injection pressures.

Die Aufgabe ist bei einem Kraftstoffinjektor mit einem Injektorgehäuse, das einen Druckraum umfasst, aus dem mit Hochdruck beaufschlagter Kraftstoff in einen Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzt wird, wenn der Druck in einem Steuerraum mit Hilfe einer Steuerventileinrichtung in einen Druckentlastungsraum entspannt wird, dadurch gelöst, dass der Injektor einen Niederdruckzulauf aufweist, der über einen Spülpfad, der durch den Druckentlastungsraum verläuft, mit einem Niederdruckrücklauf in Verbindung steht. Über den Spülpfad können temperaturkritische Bereiche des Injektors in dem Druckentlastungsraum gekühlt werden. Dadurch können höhere Einspritzdrücke als bei herkömmlichen Injektoren realisiert werden.The object is in a fuel injector with an injector housing, which includes a pressure chamber, is injected from the high-pressure fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, when the pressure in a control chamber by means of a control valve device is expanded into a pressure relief space, achieved in that the injector has a low pressure inlet, which runs through a purge path which passes through the pressure relief space , communicates with a low pressure return. Temperature-critical regions of the injector in the pressure relief space can be cooled via the purge path. As a result, higher injection pressures can be realized than with conventional injectors.

Ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Kraftstoffinjektors ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Spülpfad an Teilen der Steuerventileinrichtung und/oder eines Aktors entlang oder vorbei verläuft. Zur Erzielung höchster Einspritzdrücke können Kraftstoffinjektoren leckagereduziert oder leckagefrei ausgeführt werden, indem auf eine Niederdruckstufe verzichtet wird. Dadurch kann die Rücklaufmenge des Injektors deutlich reduziert werden. Es verbleibt im Wesentlichen die Steuermenge des Servokreislaufs, die jedoch sehr hohe Temperaturen aufweist, da die Steuermenge über eine Ablaufdrossel vom Systemdruck entspannt wird. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung wurde festgestellt, dass insbesondere bei Injektorbauformen, bei denen die Steuerventileinrichtung und der zugehörige Aktor im Injektorkopf angeordnet sind, der zulässige Temperaturbereich im Kopfbereich überschritten wird. Im Kopfbereich ist die Wärmeabgabe über das Injektorgehäuse gering. Dadurch wird die Lebensdauer der Aktoren, zum Beispiel Magnetaktoren oder Piezosteller, reduziert. Durch den erfindungsgemäßen Spülpfad können temperaturkritische Teile der Steuerventileinrichtung und/oder des Aktors, zumindest teilweise, gezielt gekühlt werden.A preferred embodiment of the fuel injector is characterized in that the purge path extends along or past parts of the control valve device and / or an actuator. To achieve the highest injection pressures, fuel injectors can be reduced in leakage or leak-free by dispensing with a low-pressure stage. As a result, the return amount of the injector can be significantly reduced. Essentially, the control amount of the servo circuit remains, which however has very high temperatures, since the control quantity is expanded by the system pressure via a discharge throttle. In the context of the present invention, it has been found that, in particular in injector designs in which the control valve device and the associated actuator are arranged in the injector head, the permissible temperature range in the head region is exceeded. In the head area, the heat release via the injector housing is low. This will increase the life of the Actuators, such as magnetic actuators or piezo actuators, reduced. By means of the flushing path according to the invention, temperature-critical parts of the control valve device and / or of the actuator can be cooled, at least partially, specifically.

Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Kraftstoffinjektors ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Niederdruckzulauf und der Niederdruckrücklauf an das brennraumferne Ende des Injektorgehäuses angeschlossen sind. Das brennraumferne Ende des Injektorgehäuses wird auch als Injektorkopf bezeichnet. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffinjektor sind die Steuerventileinrichtung und/oder der Aktor vorzugsweise in dem Injektorkopf angeordnet.Another preferred embodiment of the fuel injector is characterized in that the low-pressure inlet and the low-pressure return are connected to the combustion chamber remote end of the injector. The combustion chamber remote end of the injector is also referred to as injector head. In the fuel injector according to the invention, the control valve device and / or the actuator are preferably arranged in the injector head.

Der erfindungsgemässe Kraftstoffinjektor ist weiters dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Steuerraum und der Druckentlastungsraum über einen Verbindungskanal miteinander in Verbindung stehen, der durch ein Ventilstück verläuft, an dem entlang oder vorbei der Spülpfad verläuft. Der Verbindungskanal ist durch einen Schließkörper der Steuerventileinrichtung verschließbar.The fuel injector according to the invention is further characterized in that the control chamber and the pressure relief space communicate with each other via a connecting channel, which runs through a valve piece, along which or along the flushing path runs. The connecting channel can be closed by a closing body of the control valve device.

Der erfindungsgemässe Kraftstoffinjektor ist weiters dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verbindungskanal in dem Ventilstück eine Ablaufdrossel aufweist, wobei der Spülpfad an dem Bereich des Ventilstücks entlang oder vorbei verläuft, in welchem die Ablaufdrossel angeordnet ist. Über die Ablaufdrossel wird beim Öffnen der Steuerventileinrichtung eine Steuermenge in den Druckentlastungsraum entspannt.The fuel injector according to the invention is further characterized in that the connecting channel has an outlet throttle in the valve piece, the flushing path extending along or past the region of the valve piece in which the outlet throttle is arranged. About the outlet throttle is when opening the control valve device a control amount relaxed in the pressure relief space.

Der erfindungsgemässe Kraftstoffinjektor ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Spülpfad an dem Mündungsbereich, in welchem der Verbindungskanal in den Druckentlastungsraum mündet, entlang oder vorbei verläuft. Das liefert den Vorteil, dass der durch die Ablaufdrossel erwärmte Kraftstoff sofort mit kühlem Kraftstoff vermischt wird.The fuel injector according to the invention is characterized in that the flushing path extends along or past the mouth region in which the connecting channel opens into the pressure relief chamber. This provides the advantage that the fuel heated by the drain throttle is immediately mixed with cool fuel.

Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Kraftstoffinjektors ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druckentlastungsraum mit einem Aktoraufnahmeraum in Verbindung steht, in dem ein Aktor angeordnet ist, an dem entlang oder vorbei der Spülpfad verläuft. Bei dem Aktor handelt es sich vorzugsweise um den Anker eines Magnetventils, der mit einem Elektromagneten der Steuerventileinrichtung zusammenwirkt. Bei dem Aktor kann es sich aber auch um einen Piezoaktor handeln.Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the fuel injector is characterized in that the pressure relief space communicates with an actuator receiving space in which an actuator is arranged, along which or along which the flushing path runs. The actuator is preferably the armature of a solenoid valve, which cooperates with an electromagnet of the control valve device. The actuator may also be a piezoactuator.

Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Kraftstoffinjektors ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Aktor an einer Ventilnadel befestigt ist, an der entlang oder vorbei der Spülpfad verläuft. Dadurch wird auf einfache Art und Weise eine Kühlung der Ventilnadel ermöglicht.Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the fuel injector is characterized in that the actuator is fastened to a valve needle, along which or along which the flushing path runs. As a result, cooling of the valve needle is made possible in a simple manner.

Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Kraftstoffinjektors ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der Ventilnadel ein Schließkörper angebracht ist, an dem entlang oder vorbei der Spülpfad verläuft. Der Schließkörper dient dazu, den Verbindungskanal zu verschließen und gezielt freizugeben.Another preferred embodiment of the fuel injector is characterized in that a closing body is attached to the valve needle, along or past the rinsing path runs. The closing body serves to close the connecting channel and to release it in a targeted manner.

Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, in der unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung ein Ausführungsbeispiel im Einzelnen beschrieben ist.Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description in which, with reference to the drawings, an embodiment is described in detail.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungShort description of the drawing

Die beiliegende Figur zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungemäßen Kraftstoffinjektors im Längsschnitt.The accompanying figure shows a schematic representation of a erfindungemäßen fuel injector in longitudinal section.

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

In der beiliegenden Figur ist ein Kraftstoffinjektor 1 schematisch im Längsschnitt dargestellt. Der Kraftstoffinjektor 1 wird aus einem Hochdruckspeicherraum beziehungsweise einer Kraftstoffhochdruckquelle 2 mit unter hohem Druck stehenden Kraftstoff versorgt. Über eine Zuleitung 3 ist der Kraftstoffinjektor 1 an den Hochdruckspeicherraum 2 angeschlossen. Die Zuleitung 3 mündet im Innern des Kraftstoffinjektors 1 in einen Hochdruckverbindungsraum 4, der von einem Injektorgehäuse 6 umschlossen ist.In the accompanying figure, a fuel injector 1 is shown schematically in longitudinal section. The fuel injector 1 is supplied from a high-pressure reservoir or a high-pressure fuel source 2 with high-pressure fuel. Via a feed line 3, the fuel injector 1 is connected to the high-pressure accumulator 2. The supply line 3 opens inside the fuel injector 1 into a high-pressure connection space 4, which is enclosed by an injector housing 6.

Das Injektorgehäuse 6 umfasst einen Injektorkörper 7 und einen Düsenkörper 8, der eine zentrale Führungsbohrung 9 aufweist. In der Führungsbohrung 9 ist eine Düsennadel 10 hin und her bewegbar geführt. Die Düsennadel 10 weist eine Spitze 11 auf, die eine Strömungsverbindung zwischen Spritzlöchern 12, 13 und einem Druckraum 15 öffnet oder verschließt, wenn sich die Düsennadel 10 vom Brennraum weg oder zum Brennraum hin bewegt.The injector housing 6 comprises an injector body 7 and a nozzle body 8, which has a central guide bore 9. In the guide bore 9, a nozzle needle 10 is guided back and forth movable. The nozzle needle 10 has a tip 11, which opens or closes a flow connection between spray holes 12, 13 and a pressure chamber 15 when the nozzle needle 10 moves away from the combustion chamber or toward the combustion chamber.

An der Düsennadel 10 ist eine Druckschulter 14 ausgebildet, die in dem Druckraum 15 angeordnet ist. Außerdem sind an der Düsennadel 10 Abflachungen 17, 18 vorgesehen, die den Durchtritt von Kraftstoff aus dem Hochdruckverbindungsraum 4 in den Druckraum 15 ermöglichen.At the nozzle needle 10, a pressure shoulder 14 is formed, which is arranged in the pressure chamber 15. In addition, 10 flats 17, 18 are provided on the nozzle needle, which allow the passage of fuel from the high-pressure connection chamber 4 in the pressure chamber 15.

Das brennraumferne Ende der Düsennadel 10 begrenzt einen Steuerraum 22, der über einen Verbindungskanal 24, in dem eine Zulaufdrossel angeordnet ist, mit dem Hochdruckverbindungsraum 4 in Verbindung steht. Über den Verbindungskanal 24 mit der Zulaufdrossel wird der Steuerraum 22 mit Kraftstoff gefüllt, der mit Hochdruck beaufschlagt ist. Der Steuerraum 22 ist in einem Ventilstück 26 ausgespart, das einteilig oder mehrteilig ausgeführt sein kann. Der Verbindungskanal 24 erstreckt sich durch ein Teil des Ventilstücks 26. Ein weiterer Verbindungskanal 29, der mit einer Ablaufdrossel 30 ausgestattet ist, erstreckt sich durch das Ventilstück 26 von dem Steuerraum 22 zu einem Druckentlastungsraum 28. Der Mündungsbereich des Verbindungskanals 29 ist durch einen Schließkörper 32 verschließbar, der zu einer Steuerventileinrichtung 34 gehört. Die Steuerventileinrichtung 34 dient dazu, die Öffnungsbewegung der Düsennadel 10 zu steuern.The combustion chamber remote end of the nozzle needle 10 defines a control chamber 22, which is connected via a connecting channel 24, in which an inlet throttle is arranged, with the high-pressure connection chamber 4 in connection. Via the connecting channel 24 with the inlet throttle, the control chamber 22 is filled with fuel, which is acted upon by high pressure. The control chamber 22 is recessed in a valve piece 26, which may be made in one or more parts. The connecting channel 24 extends through a part of the valve piece 26. A further connecting channel 29, which is equipped with an outlet throttle 30, extends through the valve piece 26 from the control chamber 22 to a pressure relief space 28. The mouth region of the connecting channel 29 is defined by a closing body 32nd lockable, which belongs to a control valve device 34. The control valve device 34 serves to control the opening movement of the nozzle needle 10.

Der Schließkörper 32 ist an dem brennraumnahen Ende einer Ventilnadel 36 angeordnet, die fest mit einem Aktor 38 verbunden ist. Bei dem Aktor 38 handelt es sich um einen Anker, der mit einer Spule 39 eines Elektromagneten 40 zusammenwirkt. Der Anker 38 ist durch eine Rückstellfeder 42 so vorgespannt, dass der Schließkörper 32 den Verbindungskanal 29 mit der Ablaufdrossel 30 verschließt. Wenn die Spule 39 bestromt wird, dann zieht der Elektromagnet 40 den Anker 38 an, so dass der Schließkörper 32, der hier als Kugel ausgeführt ist, von einem zugehörigen Sitz abhebt und den Verbindungskanal 29 mit der Ablaufdrossel 30 freigibt. Dann wird der mit Hochdruck beaufschlagte Kraftstoff in dem Steuerraum 22 in den Druckentlastungsraum 28 entspannt.The closing body 32 is arranged at the end of a valve needle 36 close to the combustion chamber, which end is fixedly connected to an actuator 38. The actuator 38 is an armature which cooperates with a coil 39 of an electromagnet 40. The armature 38 is biased by a return spring 42 so that the closing body 32 closes the connecting channel 29 with the outlet throttle 30. When the coil 39 is energized, then the electromagnet 40 attracts the armature 38, so that the closing body 32, which is embodied here as a ball, lifts off from an associated seat and releases the connecting channel 29 with the outlet throttle 30. Then, the high-pressure fuel in the control chamber 22 is expanded into the pressure relief chamber 28.

Die Steuerventileinrichtung 34 mit dem Anker 38 ist in dem brennraumfernen Ende 44 des Kraftstoffinjektors 1 untergebracht, das auch als Injektorkopf oder Injektorgehäusekopf 44 bezeichnet wird. Bei herkömmlichen Kraftstoffinjektoren steht der Druckentlastungsraum 28 über eine Rücklaufleitung mit einem Kraftstofftank in Verbindung. Gemäß einem wesentlichen Aspekt der Erfindung wird zur Lösung des Temperaturproblems eine Kühlung von temperaturkritischen Bereichen im Injektorkopf 44 durch einen Niederdruckkreis des Einspritzsystems vorgeschlagen. Der Kraftstoff wird dazu auf der Niederdruckseite zu dem Injektor 1 geführt, durchspült den Injektor 1 und wird anschließend im Rücklauf zurückgeführt. Dadurch ist es möglich, kritische Bereiche, insbesondere den Injektorkopf 44 mit der Steuerventileinrichtung 34, zu kühlen. Der Kraftstoff kann dabei im Kreislauf von einer Niederdruckpumpe der Reihe nach durch sämtliche Injektoren eines Einspritzsystems geführt werden, um den Aufwand der Leitungsführung gering zu halten. Alternativ kann jeder Injektor mit einem Zulauf und einem Rücklauf ausgestattet werden.The control valve device 34 with the armature 38 is accommodated in the combustion chamber distal end 44 of the fuel injector 1, which is also referred to as injector head or Injektorgehäusekopf 44. In conventional fuel injectors, the pressure relief space 28 communicates with a fuel tank via a return line. According to an essential aspect of the invention, a cooling of temperature-critical areas in the injector head 44 is proposed by a low-pressure circuit of the injection system to solve the temperature problem. The fuel is guided to the low pressure side to the injector 1, flushes through the injector 1 and is then returned in the return. This makes it possible to cool critical areas, in particular the injector head 44 with the control valve device 34. The fuel can be in the circulation of a low pressure pump be passed in sequence through all the injectors of an injection system to keep the cost of the wiring low. Alternatively, each injector can be equipped with an inlet and a return.

Der mit Niederdruck beaufschlagte Kraftstoff wird dem Injektorkopf 44 über einen Niederdruckzulauf 45 in Form eines Kühlstroms zugeführt, der auch als Spülstrom oder Spülpfad bezeichnet wird. Über Durchgangslöcher 47, 48 gelangt der niederdruckbeaufschlagte Kraftstoff in den Druckentlastungsraum 28. Der Kühlstrom oder Spülpfad ist so geführt, dass kritische Stellen an dem Ventilstück 26, insbesondere die Bereiche, in denen die Ablaufdrossel 30 untergebracht ist, gekühlt werden. Des Weiteren verläuft der Kühlstrom oder Spülpfad an dem Mündungsbereich des Verbindungskanals 29 in den Druckentlastungsraum 28 vorbei. Das liefert den Vorteil, dass der durch die Ablaufdrossel 30 erwärmte Kraftstoff sofort mit kühlem Kraftstoff vermischt wird.The fuel acted upon with low pressure is supplied to the injector head 44 via a low-pressure inlet 45 in the form of a cooling flow, which is also referred to as flushing flow or flushing path. The low-pressure fuel reaches the pressure relief space 28 via through-holes 47, 48. The cooling flow or rinse path is guided in such a way that critical points on the valve piece 26, in particular the areas in which the outlet throttle 30 is accommodated, are cooled. Furthermore, the cooling flow or rinse path runs past the mouth region of the connection channel 29 into the pressure relief space 28. This provides the advantage that the fuel heated by the drain throttle 30 is immediately mixed with cool fuel.

Der Kühlstrom oder Spülpfad verläuft durch ein weiteres Durchgangsloch 50 von dem Druckentlastungsraum 28 in einen Ankeraufnahmeraum 52, in dem der Anker 38 aufgenommen ist. Von dem Ankeraufnahmeraum 52 gelangt der Kühlstrom über einen Rückstellfederaufnahmeraum 54, in dem die Rückstellfeder 42 angeordnet ist, in einen Niederdruckrücklauf 56.The cooling flow or purge path passes through another through hole 50 from the pressure relief space 28 into an armature receiving space 52 in which the armature 38 is accommodated. From the anchor receiving space 52, the cooling flow passes through a return spring receiving space 54, in which the return spring 42 is arranged, in a low-pressure return 56th

Die Öffnungs- und Schließbewegung der Düsennadel 10 wird durch Steuerventileinrichtung 34 gesteuert. Die zugehörige Steuerung mit den Drosseln in den Verbindungskanälen 24 und 29 wird auch als Servosteuerung bezeichnet. Beim Öffnen der Steuerventileinrichtung 34 strömt erhitzter Kraftstoff aus dem Steuerraum 22 durch den Verbindungskanal 29 und die Ablaufdrossel 30 in den Druckentlastungsraum 28. Der erhitzte Kraftstoff vermischt sich in dem Druckentlastungsraum 28 mit dem Kühlstrom.The opening and closing movement of the nozzle needle 10 is controlled by the control valve device 34. The associated control with the throttles in the connection channels 24 and 29 is also called servo control designated. When the control valve device 34 is opened, heated fuel flows from the control chamber 22 through the connection channel 29 and the outlet throttle 30 into the pressure relief space 28. The heated fuel mixes in the pressure relief space 28 with the cooling flow.

Als Niederdruck wird im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung ein deutlich geringerer Druck als der Hochdruck bezeichnet, der von der Kraftstoffhochdruckquelle 2 bereitgestellt wird und in dem Hochdruckverbindungsraum 4 und in dem Druckraum 15 herrscht. Der Niederdruck wird über den Niederdruckzulauf 45 bereitgestellt. Zwischen dem Niederdruckzulauf 45 und dem Niederdruckrücklauf 56 herrscht ein Druckgefälle, durch das ein Kühlstrom entlang des Spülpfades durch den Injektorkopf 44 bewirkt wird. Der Niederdruckrücklauf 56 ist zum Beispiel an einem Kraftstofftank angeschlossen.In the context of the present invention, the term low-pressure refers to a significantly lower pressure than the high-pressure which is provided by the high-pressure fuel source 2 and prevails in the high-pressure connection space 4 and in the pressure space 15. The low pressure is provided via the low pressure inlet 45. Between the low-pressure inlet 45 and the low-pressure return 56 there is a pressure gradient, by which a cooling flow along the flushing path through the injector head 44 is effected. The low pressure return 56 is connected, for example, to a fuel tank.

Claims (6)

  1. Fuel injector having an injector housing (6) which comprises a pressure chamber (15) from which highly pressurized fuel is injected into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine when the pressure in a control chamber (22) is expanded into a pressure relief chamber (28) by means of a control valve device (34), wherein the control chamber (22) and the pressure relief chamber (28) are connected to one another by means of a connecting duct (29) which runs through a valve piece (26), and the injector has a low-pressure feed line (45) which is connected to a low-pressure return line (56) via a scavenging path which runs through the pressure relief chamber (28), characterized in that the connecting duct (29) in the valve piece (26) has an outflow throttle (30), wherein the scavenging path runs along the mouth region at which the connecting duct (29) issues into the pressure relief chamber (28), such that the fuel heated by the outflow throttle (30) is immediately mixed with the fuel of the scavenging path.
  2. Fuel injector according to Claim 1, characterized in that the scavenging path runs along or past parts of the control valve device (34) and/or of an actuator (38).
  3. Fuel injector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the low-pressure feed line (45) and the low-pressure return line (56) are connected to that end (44) of the injector housing (6) which is remote from the combustion chamber.
  4. Fuel injector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure relief chamber (28) is connected to an actuator receiving chamber (52) in which an actuator (38), along or past which the scavenging path runs, is arranged.
  5. Fuel injector according to Claim 4, characterized in that the actuator (38) is fastened to a valve needle (36), along or past which the scavenging path runs.
  6. Fuel injector according to Claim 5, characterized in that a closing body (32), along or past which the scavenging path runs, is attached to the valve needle (36).
EP08708433A 2007-03-12 2008-01-30 Fuel injector Not-in-force EP2134955B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007011789A DE102007011789A1 (en) 2007-03-12 2007-03-12 fuel injector
PCT/EP2008/051118 WO2008110406A1 (en) 2007-03-12 2008-01-30 Fuel injector

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2134955A1 EP2134955A1 (en) 2009-12-23
EP2134955B1 true EP2134955B1 (en) 2013-03-13

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08708433A Not-in-force EP2134955B1 (en) 2007-03-12 2008-01-30 Fuel injector

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US8128005B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2134955B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102007011789A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2008110406A1 (en)

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US9163597B2 (en) * 2008-10-01 2015-10-20 Caterpillar Inc. High-pressure containment sleeve for nozzle assembly and fuel injector using same
DE102009000186A1 (en) * 2009-01-13 2010-07-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Device for injecting fuel
DE102009027459A1 (en) * 2009-07-03 2011-01-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injector and fuel injection system
DE102009027932A1 (en) 2009-07-22 2011-01-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injector and fuel injection system
AT509405A1 (en) 2010-01-19 2011-08-15 Bosch Gmbh Robert METHOD FOR TEMPERATING AN INJECTOR OF INJECTION FOR THE INJECTION OF FUEL IN THE COMBUSTION ENGINE OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
DE102010001170A1 (en) * 2010-01-25 2011-07-28 Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 Injection device with reduced pressure oscillations
DE102010029250A1 (en) 2010-05-25 2011-12-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injector for measuring fuel in combustion chamber of self-ignition engine of common-rail injection system, has solenoid assembly with through-holes formed such that fuel is passed via holes, where holes are arranged in solenoid coil
EP2444650B1 (en) 2010-10-20 2015-12-23 Delphi International Operations Luxembourg S.à r.l. Improved fuel injector
JP5699773B2 (en) * 2011-04-15 2015-04-15 株式会社デンソー Fuel injection device and fuel supply system using the same
US8910882B2 (en) * 2011-06-23 2014-12-16 Caterpillar Inc. Fuel injector having reduced armature cavity pressure
US9228550B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2016-01-05 Stanadyne Llc Common rail injector with regulated pressure chamber
EP2829717A1 (en) * 2013-07-23 2015-01-28 Delphi International Operations Luxembourg S.à r.l. Fuel injector
GB201400650D0 (en) * 2014-01-15 2014-03-05 Delphi Tech Holding Sarl Bobbin with venting conduit
US9719476B2 (en) * 2014-07-14 2017-08-01 Cummins Inc. B-LCCR injector pilot valve orifice, armature and plunger guide arrangement
DE102022213925A1 (en) 2022-12-19 2024-06-20 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Injector for liquid or gaseous fuels and method for operating such an injector

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8128005B2 (en) 2012-03-06
WO2008110406A1 (en) 2008-09-18
DE102007011789A1 (en) 2008-09-18
EP2134955A1 (en) 2009-12-23
US20100102143A1 (en) 2010-04-29

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